WO2015173954A1 - Drawing device, drawing method, and computer program for drawing - Google Patents

Drawing device, drawing method, and computer program for drawing Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015173954A1
WO2015173954A1 PCT/JP2014/063090 JP2014063090W WO2015173954A1 WO 2015173954 A1 WO2015173954 A1 WO 2015173954A1 JP 2014063090 W JP2014063090 W JP 2014063090W WO 2015173954 A1 WO2015173954 A1 WO 2015173954A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
display screen
divided
pixel
divisions
data
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PCT/JP2014/063090
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
康 洲鎌
Original Assignee
富士通株式会社
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Priority to PCT/JP2014/063090 priority Critical patent/WO2015173954A1/en
Publication of WO2015173954A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015173954A1/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/14—Digital output to display device ; Cooperation and interconnection of the display device with other functional units
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G5/00—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators
    • G09G5/36—Control arrangements or circuits for visual indicators common to cathode-ray tube indicators and other visual indicators characterised by the display of a graphic pattern, e.g. using an all-points-addressable [APA] memory

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to, for example, a drawing apparatus, a drawing method, and a drawing computer program for drawing an image on a display device.
  • a capacity equivalent to the number of pixels of the entire display screen is stored in order to store the image data to be drawn.
  • a memory with is used.
  • the display screen has a so-called SVGA, that is, a size of 800 pixels ⁇ 600 pixels, and the depth and color data per pixel are represented by 8 bytes
  • the memory capacity of the frame buffer is about 3.7 MBytes. It becomes.
  • the frame buffer requires a large memory capacity.
  • a drawing apparatus that uses a line buffer instead of a frame buffer has been proposed by using a method of performing drawing processing for each scanning line on the screen, which is called a scan line method (for example, see Patent Document 1). reference).
  • an image can be drawn on a plurality of display screens using a memory having a memory capacity smaller than that required for storing the entire image data to be displayed on any one of the plurality of display screens.
  • a drawing device includes pixel data included in an image displayed on a first display screen of a first display device and pixel data included in an image displayed on a second display screen of a second display device. , A number of first divided areas obtained by dividing one or more images displayed on the first display screen in a predetermined period into a plurality of first divided areas, and a first number in the predetermined period. The division of the first display screen in the scanning direction so that the number of second divided areas obtained by dividing one or more images displayed on the two display screens into a plurality of second divided areas is equal.
  • a drawing ratio calculation unit for calculating the number and the number of divisions in the scanning direction of the second display screen, and a plurality of images displayed on the first display screen according to the number of divisions in the scanning direction of the first display screen. Divided into one divided area and divided in the scanning direction of the second display screen. A division unit that divides an image displayed on the second display screen into a plurality of second divided areas according to the number, data of each pixel in the first divided area, and data of each pixel in the second divided area Are alternately stored in the buffer.
  • the drawing apparatus disclosed in the present specification uses a memory having a memory capacity smaller than a memory capacity required for storing the entire image data to be displayed on any of the plurality of display screens. You can draw an image.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a drawing apparatus according to an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of display screens of two display devices according to the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of the coordinate conversion unit.
  • FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of a memory circuit that stores drawing commands for each display screen.
  • FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of the selection unit.
  • FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram of a storage unit that stores drawing commands for each display screen.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the order of graphic information read by the read control unit of the image generation unit.
  • FIG. 8 is a functional block diagram of the image generation unit.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of pixel data of each divided region stored in the line depth buffer.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of pixel data of each divided region stored in the line depth buffer.
  • FIG. 10 is an operation flowchart of the drawing process.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example in which the aspect ratio of the display screen of one display device is not an integer multiple of the aspect ratio of the display screen of the other display device.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the order of the divided areas stored in the line depth buffer 5 in the example shown in FIG.
  • the drawing apparatus divides an image displayed on each of a plurality of display screens into a plurality of divided regions.
  • the drawing apparatus is configured such that the number of divided areas obtained from an image displayed on one display screen during a certain period is equal to the number of divided areas obtained from an image displayed on the other display screen during the certain period.
  • the number of divisions in the scanning direction is determined for each display screen so as to be the same number.
  • the certain period is, for example, a period that is the least common multiple of the image update interval on one display screen and the image update interval on the other display screen.
  • the drawing apparatus alternately generates pixel data included in the divided region for one display screen and pixel data included in the divided region for the other display screen, and stores the pixel data in a buffer for storing pixel data. This enables drawing on a plurality of display screens.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a drawing apparatus according to an embodiment.
  • the drawing apparatus 1 includes a coordinate conversion unit 2, a selection unit 3, an image generation unit 4, a line depth buffer 5, line buffers 6-1 and 6-2, and display circuits 7-1 and 7-2. Have. Each of these units included in the drawing apparatus 1 is implemented as, for example, a separate integrated circuit. Alternatively, the coordinate conversion unit 2, the selection unit 3, and the image generation unit 4 may be implemented as functional modules that are executed by one processor.
  • the drawing apparatus 1 is connected to the memory circuit 10 via, for example, a bus, and reads from the memory circuit 10 three-dimensional graphics data that is the basis of an image displayed on the display device 11 or the display device 12. Can do.
  • the image output from the display circuit 7-1 is displayed on the display device 11, while the image output from the display circuit 7-2 is displayed on the display device 12.
  • the drawing device 1 can be mounted on various devices that can display images on a plurality of display devices such as a computer.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of display screens of two display devices according to the present embodiment.
  • the number of scanning lines per screen that is, the number of pixels in the vertical direction is 12
  • the number of pixels of each scanning line that is, the number of pixels in the horizontal direction is 16.
  • the display screen 202 of the display device 12 the number of scanning lines per screen is six
  • the number of pixels of each scanning line is eight.
  • the display screens 201 and 202 both have a display update frequency, that is, a frame rate of 60 times / second.
  • the vertical synchronization signal for the display circuit 7-1 and the vertical synchronization signal for the display circuit 7-2 are input from the synchronization signal generation circuit (not shown) to each display circuit.
  • the synchronization signal generation circuit displays the vertical synchronization signal at the start of display of the display screen of the display device 12 at the same timing as the vertical synchronization signal at the start of display of the display screen of the display device 11 is input to the display circuit 7-1. Input to circuit 7-2.
  • the synchronization interval of one display screen of the two display devices 11 and 12 is an integral multiple of the synchronization interval of the other display screen.
  • the coordinate conversion unit 2 reads the coordinates of each vertex in the three-dimensional coordinate system of the three-dimensional figure read from the memory circuit 10 and displayed on the display device 11 or 12 in accordance with the drawing command stored in the memory circuit 10. Convert to coordinates in the two-dimensional coordinate system of the projection plane.
  • FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of the coordinate conversion unit 2.
  • the coordinate conversion unit 2 includes a reading unit 21, a vertex coordinate conversion unit 22, a graphic information generation unit 23, and a removal unit 24.
  • the reading unit 21 reads a drawing command for generating an image to be displayed on each display device from the memory circuit 10.
  • FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of the memory circuit 10 that stores a drawing command for the display screen of each display device.
  • the memory circuit 10 has a drawing command 401 for a display screen of the display device 11 (hereinafter referred to as display screen A) and a display screen of the display device 12 (hereinafter referred to as display) in order from the lowest address number. (Designated as screen B) is stored.
  • the drawing commands 401 and 402 include an identification command 411 for identifying a target display screen and instructing drawing for each display screen, setting information 412, and graphic information 413 prepared for each graphic. It is.
  • the setting information includes, for example, the lighting conditions such as the size of the display screen, the rotation amount according to the viewpoint of the displayed graphic and the projection plane, the parallel movement amount, and the type and position of the light source.
  • the graphic information includes material information such as the three-dimensional coordinates of the vertex of the graphic, the reflectance of the surface, and texture information.
  • the figure may be a three-dimensional figure such as a rectangular parallelepiped, a triangular pyramid, or a cylinder, or a two-dimensional figure such as a triangle, a hexagon, or a straight line.
  • the reading unit 21 reads a drawing command for the display screen A, and the vertex coordinate conversion unit 22, the graphic information generation unit 23, and the removal unit 24 execute processing for the display screen A. Thereafter, the reading unit 21 reads a drawing command for the display screen B, and the vertex coordinate conversion unit 22, the graphic information generation unit 23, and the removal unit 24 execute processing for the display screen B. Note that the execution order of the drawing command for the display screen A and the drawing command for the display screen B may be reversed. Further, the reading unit 21 may alternately read various information included in the drawing command for the display screen A and various information included in the drawing command for the display screen B.
  • the vertex coordinate conversion unit 22 moves the coordinates of each vertex of the figure according to the rotation amount and the parallel movement amount indicated in the drawing command, and each vertex according to the viewpoint for the figure. Projection conversion processing for projecting the image onto the display screen. Thereby, the vertex coordinate conversion unit 22 obtains two-dimensional coordinates on the display screen of each vertex of each figure. Then, the vertex coordinate conversion unit 22 passes the two-dimensional coordinates of each vertex of each graphic to the graphic information generation unit 23.
  • the graphic information generation unit 23 generates graphic information representing a graphic on the display screen from the two-dimensional coordinates of each vertex of each graphic by the vertex coordinate conversion unit 22.
  • the figure on the display screen is, for example, a triangle.
  • the solid figure represented in the three-dimensional coordinate system is represented by a set of triangles on the display screen.
  • the graphic information includes, for example, the vertex number of each vertex included in the graphic on the display screen and position information indicating the two-dimensional coordinates of each vertex on the display screen.
  • the removal unit 24 removes graphic information of a graphic not drawn on the display screen from the graphic information generated by the graphic information generation unit 23. For example, the removing unit 24 performs clipping processing and culling processing on each piece of graphic information, thereby specifying a portion of the graphic that is not drawn on the display screen. For example, the removal unit 24 removes graphic information regarding a graphic outside the display area of the display screen by performing clipping processing on each graphic information. Further, the removal unit 24 performs culling processing on each piece of graphic information to determine the front and back of the graphic, and removes graphic information related to the graphic determined to be located on the back side. The drawing command may be set to display the back side of the figure. In this case, for example, the removal unit 24 adds front and back information such as a flag indicating that the graphic is located on the back side to the graphic information regarding the graphic located on the back side.
  • the removal unit 24 outputs the graphic information of the graphic displayed on the display screen and the drawing command to the selection unit 3.
  • the selection unit 3 divides an image displayed on the display screen of each display device into a plurality of divided regions. At that time, the selection unit 3 sets the number of divisions in the scanning direction (that is, the horizontal direction) of the display screen so that the number of divided areas obtained from images displayed during a certain period is the same between display devices. decide. And the selection part 3 selects the figure contained in the division area for every division area about each display apparatus.
  • FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of the selection unit 3.
  • the selection unit 3 includes a drawing ratio calculation unit 31, a drawing area determination unit 32, a storage unit 33, and a read control unit 34.
  • the drawing ratio calculation unit 31 determines the number of divided areas obtained from images displayed in the same period between display devices based on the display screen size and the display screen frame rate included in the drawing command for each display screen.
  • the number of horizontal divisions of each display screen is calculated so as to be the same.
  • the number of horizontal divisions of each display screen is calculated by the following equation.
  • DNA and DNB are the number of horizontal divisions of display screen A and the number of horizontal divisions of display screen B, respectively.
  • HA is the vertical size of the display screen A, that is, the number of scanning lines of the display screen A
  • HB is the vertical size of the display screen B, that is, the number of scanning lines of the display screen B.
  • FRA and FRB are the frame rate of display screen A and the frame rate of display screen B, respectively.
  • the right side of equation (1) is calculated to be 1 ⁇ 2. Therefore, the display screen B is divided into two in the horizontal direction, and the display screen A is not divided.
  • the drawing ratio calculation unit 31 notifies the drawing area determination unit 32 and the read control unit 34 of the number of horizontal divisions for each display screen.
  • the drawing area determination unit 32 is an example of a division unit, and divides an image displayed on the display screen of each display device into a plurality of division areas according to the number of horizontal divisions of the display screen. Find the figure contained in.
  • the drawing area determination unit 32 divides the image displayed on each display screen in the vertical direction according to the number of scanning lines that can be simultaneously stored in the line depth buffer 5 and the line buffers 6-1 and 6-2. For example, when the line depth buffer 5 and the line buffers 6-1 and 6-2 can store data for one scanning line, the drawing area determination unit 32 sets different divided areas for each scanning line. Then, the drawing area determination unit 32 compares each vertex of the target graphic with the vertical coordinate of the divided area to identify the divided area including the target graphic. In other words, the drawing area determination unit 32 sets the target graphic to a divided area included between the vertex having the minimum vertical coordinate and the vertex having the maximum vertical coordinate among the vertices of the target graphic. Is determined to be included.
  • the line depth buffer 5 and the line buffers 6-1 and 6-2 may store data of a plurality of scanning lines.
  • the drawing area determination unit 32 divides the image displayed on each display screen in the vertical direction according to the number of scanning lines that can be stored in the line depth buffer 5 and the line buffers 6-1 and 6-2. . That is, the vertical size of the divided area corresponds to the number of scanning lines in which the line depth buffer 5 and the line buffers 6-1 and 6-2 can store data.
  • the drawing area determination unit 32 determines that the target graphic satisfies the following expression and is included in the divided area of interest.
  • Y min and Y max are the minimum vertical coordinate and the maximum vertical coordinate of the target graphic, respectively, and A min and A max are the minimum vertical coordinate and the maximum vertical coordinate of the target divided area, respectively. It is a direction coordinate. It is assumed that the vertical coordinate at the upper end of the display screen is 0, and the vertical coordinate increases as it goes downward. That is, the minimum vertical coordinate A min of the target divided area is smaller than the maximum vertical coordinate Y max of the target figure, and the maximum vertical coordinate A max of the target divided area is the minimum of the target figure. When it is larger than the vertical coordinate Y min , the target graphic is included in the divided area of interest.
  • the drawing area determination unit 32 divides the display screen A or the display screen B in the horizontal direction according to the result of the expression (1). Then, the drawing area determination unit 32 specifies, for each graphic, a divided area including the graphic. At that time, the drawing area determination unit 32 can determine whether or not the target graphic is included in the divided area by using a determination expression in which the vertical coordinate in the expression (2) is the horizontal coordinate.
  • the drawing area determination unit 32 adds information specifying a divided area including the graphic represented by the graphic information to each graphic information and stores the information in the storage unit 33.
  • FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram of the storage unit 33 that stores drawing commands for each display screen.
  • a drawing command 601 for the display screen A and a drawing command 602 for the display screen B are stored in order from the lowest address number.
  • the drawing commands 601 and 602 differ from the drawing command shown in FIG. 4 in that range information 611 to 614 including the figure is added for each figure.
  • the coordinates of each vertex included in the graphic information are also two-dimensional coordinates on the display screen.
  • the read control unit 34 alternately reads the graphic information of each display screen from the storage unit 33 for each display screen and outputs it to the image generation unit 4. At that time, the read control unit 34 may read the graphic information from the storage unit 33 for each scanning line. Alternatively, the reading control unit 34 may read graphic information in tile units as disclosed in International Publication No. 2011/161723. In this case, the read control unit 34 outputs the graphic information and the drawing command included in the tile to the image generation unit 4 for each tile.
  • the read control unit 34 reads the graphic information for each divided region in the horizontal direction and outputs it to the image generation unit 4.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the order of graphic information read out by the read control unit 34.
  • the display screen A is not divided in the horizontal direction, and the display screen B is divided in two in the horizontal direction.
  • graphic information 701 included in the entire uppermost scanning line of the display screen A is read from the storage unit 33.
  • graphic information 702 included in the left half of the top scanning line of the display screen B is read from the storage unit 33.
  • graphic information 703 included in the entire second scanning line from the top of the display screen A is read from the storage unit 33.
  • graphic information 704 included in the right half of the uppermost scanning line of the display screen B is read from the storage unit 33. Thereafter, the same process is repeated up to the lower end of the display screen.
  • the line depth buffer 5 also stores pixel data of divided areas corresponding to each piece of graphic information in the order shown in FIG.
  • the graphic information included in the half of the scanning lines of the display screen B is input to the image generation unit 4 while the graphic information included in one scanning line of the display screen A is input to the image generation unit 4.
  • the image generation unit 4 generates an image to be displayed on each display device in units of divided regions based on the graphic information for each divided region input from the selection unit 3. Further, the image generation unit 4 calculates the storage address of the data for each pixel of the display screen A and the display screen B in the line depth buffer 5 according to the display screen information and the horizontal division information input from the selection unit 3. Then, the image generation unit 4 converts the data of each pixel having the depth information in the divided area for the display screen A and the data of each pixel having the depth information in the divided area for the display screen B into the line depth buffer 5. Are alternately stored at the calculated addresses.
  • the image generation unit 4 extracts only the data to be displayed on the display screen from the pixel data for each divided area stored in the line depth buffer 5 and stores it in the line buffer 6-1 or the line buffer 6-2. Then, every time pixel data of the entire scanning line is stored in any of the line buffers, the image generation unit 4 outputs the pixel data read from the line buffer 6-1 to the display circuit.
  • FIG. 8 is a functional block diagram of the image generation unit 4.
  • the image generation unit 4 includes a reading unit 41, a vertex coordinate conversion unit 42, a graphic information generation unit 43, a pixel affiliation determination unit 44, a pixel data generation unit 45, a removal unit 46, a buffer control unit 47, And a display data control unit 48.
  • the reading unit 41 reads a drawing command for generating an image to be displayed on each display device from the memory circuit 10. Then, the reading unit 41 passes the three-dimensional coordinates of the vertices of each graphic included in the drawing command to the vertex coordinate conversion unit 42.
  • the vertex coordinate conversion unit 42 moves the coordinates of each vertex of the figure according to the rotation amount and the parallel movement amount indicated in the drawing command, and each vertex according to the set viewpoint. Projection conversion processing for projecting the image onto the display screen. Thereby, the vertex coordinate conversion part 42 calculates
  • the vertex coordinate conversion unit 42 adjusts the brightness according to the illumination by the light source specified by the drawing command, calculates the color of each vertex, and calculates the normal vector of each figure for each vertex on the display screen. Processing such as calculation is performed. Further, the vertex coordinate conversion unit 42 may project and convert the three-dimensional coordinates representing the texture range to be pasted to each figure on the display screen, and obtain the coordinates representing the texture range on the display screen. . Then, the vertex coordinate conversion unit 42 passes information on each vertex of each graphic on the display screen to the graphic information generation unit 43.
  • the graphic information generation unit 43 generates graphic information on the display screen from the two-dimensional coordinates of each vertex of each graphic by the vertex coordinate conversion unit 42 as in the graphic information generation unit 23.
  • the graphic information generation unit 43 calculates an expression for each side from the coordinates of each vertex.
  • the graphic information includes, for example, the vertex number of each vertex included in the graphic and position information indicating the two-dimensional coordinates of each vertex on the display screen.
  • the graphic information includes information representing the expression of each side (for example, inclination and intercept), graphic color information, normal vector information, texture range information, and Z direction information (ie, depth). Information).
  • the information in the Z direction can be, for example, the coordinates in the Z direction in the coordinates of the points of the original figure in the three-dimensional coordinate system corresponding to each vertex.
  • the graphic information generation unit 43 outputs graphic information of each graphic on the two-dimensional coordinates to the pixel affiliation determination unit 44.
  • the pixel affiliation determination unit 44 identifies the graphic to which each pixel of the display screen belongs based on the graphic information of each graphic. One pixel may belong to a plurality of figures. Then, the pixel affiliation determination unit 44 passes information representing a graphic to which each pixel belongs to the pixel data generation unit 45.
  • the pixel data generation unit 45 calculates the luminance, color, and position of the corresponding graphic in the Z direction (ie, the depth direction) for each pixel included in the graphic. At that time, the pixel data generation unit 45 generates pixels based on information such as colors and textures included in the graphic information, and material information such as reflectance of the graphic and light source position information included in the drawing setting information. For each, the brightness and color are calculated. Then, the pixel data generation unit 45 passes information on each pixel included in the graphic to the buffer control unit 47 for each graphic.
  • the removal unit 46 removes pixel information that is not drawn on the display screen from the information of each pixel for each graphic calculated by the pixel data generation unit 45 for each divided region. For example, the removal unit 46 alternately outputs read requests for the divided area of the display screen A and the divided area of the display screen B to the buffer control unit 47. Alternatively, the removal unit 46 may output a read request for each pixel.
  • the buffer control unit 47 reads out the depth value that is stored in the line depth buffer 5 and represents the position in the depth direction of the pixel, and outputs the depth value to the removal unit 46.
  • the removing unit 46 identifies the pixel of the graphic located closest to the front and the pixels of the other graphic based on the depth value, Pixel information about a graphic other than the positioned graphic is removed. Note that pixel information remaining without being removed is pixel data included in the divided region to be drawn.
  • the removal unit 46 outputs the data of each pixel in the divided area to the buffer control unit 47.
  • the buffer control unit 47 Based on the display screen setting information included in the display command for each display screen and the horizontal division information calculated in the selection 3, the buffer control unit 47 obtains data of each pixel included in the divided area for each divided area. Calculate the stored address. Then, the buffer control unit 47 alternately stores the data of each pixel of the divided area for the display screen A and the data of each pixel of the divided area for the display screen B in the line depth buffer 5. At that time, the buffer control unit 47 stores the data of each pixel at the calculated address. Further, in response to a read request from the removal unit 46, the buffer control unit 47 reads the data of each pixel in the divided area stored from the line depth buffer 5 and passes it to the removal unit 46.
  • the address ADDR of the line depth buffer 5 in which the data of the pixel whose horizontal coordinate is XPOS is stored is expressed by the following equation.
  • XSIZEA is the horizontal size of the display screen A (that is, the number of pixels in the horizontal direction)
  • M is the number of horizontal divisions of the display screen A.
  • K is the horizontal division number of the display screen A for the pixel data of the display screen A
  • K is the horizontal division number of the display screen B for the pixel data of the display screen B
  • k is a number that changes one by one between 0 and (the number of horizontal divisions of the display screen A-1) for pixel data of the display screen A, and 0 to ( It is a number that changes one by one between the number of horizontal divisions of the display screen B-1).
  • D is a flag representing a display screen on which target pixel data is displayed.
  • P is the number of bytes of pixel data per pixel including information in the depth direction.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of pixel data of each divided region stored in the line depth buffer 5.
  • the display screen A is not divided in the horizontal direction, and one divided area includes data for one scanning line.
  • the display screen B is divided into two in the horizontal direction, one divided area includes data corresponding to half of the scanning lines.
  • the data 901 stored in the line depth buffer 5 first is pixel data corresponding to the uppermost scanning line of the display screen A and pixels corresponding to the left half of the uppermost scanning line of the display screen B. Contains data.
  • data 902 stored in the line depth buffer 5 includes pixel data corresponding to the second scanning line from the top of the display screen A and pixels corresponding to the right half of the uppermost scanning line of the display screen B. Contains data.
  • the third data 903 stored in the line depth buffer 5 corresponds to the pixel data corresponding to the third scanning line from the top of the display screen A and the left half of the second scanning line from the top of the display screen B. Pixel data is included.
  • the line depth buffer 5 stores pixel data of one divided area of the display screen A and pixel data of one divided area of the display screen B.
  • the pixel data of the display screen A is stored at addresses 0 to (XSIZEA * P-1), and the pixel data of the display screen B is stored after the address XSIZE * P. .
  • the buffer control unit 47 stores the data of each pixel in the divided area of the display screen A obtained by the removal unit 46 at a corresponding address of the line buffer 6-1. Similarly, the buffer control unit 47 stores the data of each pixel in the divided area of the display screen B obtained by the removal unit 46 at the corresponding address of the line buffer 6-2.
  • the address ADDRA where each pixel data of the display screen A is stored and each of the display screen B are stored.
  • the address ADDRB where the pixel data is stored is calculated by the following equation.
  • XPOS is the horizontal coordinate of the pixel of interest
  • Q is the number of bytes of pixel data per pixel. Since the line buffers 6-1 and 6-2 do not need to store data in the depth direction, Q is smaller than P.
  • the buffer control unit 47 stores the rightmost pixel data of the previous divided area for the second and subsequent divided areas in the horizontal direction. It is only necessary to start writing pixel data from the address next to the address.
  • the buffer control unit 47 When the buffer control unit 47 finishes writing the pixel data for one scanning line in the line buffer 6-1, the buffer control unit 47 notifies the display data control unit 48 of a write completion signal indicating that. Similarly, when the writing of pixel data for one scanning line is finished in the line buffer 6-2, the buffer control unit 47 notifies the display data control unit 48 of a writing completion signal indicating that.
  • the display data control unit 48 reads pixel data from the line buffer 6-1 and outputs it to the display circuit 7-1 each time it receives a write completion signal for the line buffer 6-1 from the buffer control unit 47. Similarly, each time the display data control unit 48 receives a write completion signal for the line buffer 6-2 from the buffer control unit 47, it reads out the pixel data from the line buffer 6-2 and outputs it to the display circuit 7-2. .
  • the display data control unit 48 may alternately read the pixel data from each line buffer. Good.
  • the display data control unit 48 may alternately read pixel units in accordance with the ratio between the horizontal size of the divided area of the display screen A and the horizontal size of the divided area of the display screen B.
  • the number of pixels included in the pixel group is obtained by the following equation.
  • DA and DB are the number of horizontal divisions of display screen A and the number of horizontal divisions of display screen B, respectively.
  • XSIZEA and XSIZEB are the horizontal size of display screen A and horizontal size of display screen B, respectively.
  • GA and GB are the number of pixels included in the pixel group read at a time for the display screen A and the number of pixels included in the pixel group read at a time for the display screen B, respectively.
  • the display data control unit 48 When the display data control unit 48 alternately reads out pixel data in units of pixels, the amount of pixel data temporarily held in the display circuit 7-1 and the display circuit 7-2 can be reduced. 1 and the buffer in the display circuit 7-2 can be reduced.
  • the line depth buffer 5 is an example of a buffer that stores pixel data included in an image displayed on the display screen of each display device.
  • the line depth buffer 5 includes at least data including depth information of each pixel included in at least one divided area of the display screen A and depth information of each pixel included in at least one divided area of the display screen B.
  • It is a memory circuit having a capacity capable of storing data including it. Note that when one divided region includes a plurality of scanning lines, the line depth buffer 5 also has a capacity capable of storing pixel data of each scanning line included in the divided regions.
  • the line depth buffer 5 may have a memory capacity capable of storing pixel data of the entire number of scanning lines that is the same as the number of scanning lines included in the divided area for both the display screen A and the display screen B. . However, the memory capacity of the line depth buffer 5 may be smaller than the memory capacity for storing the pixel data of the entire smaller one of the display screen A and the display screen B.
  • the line buffer 6-1 and the line buffer 6-2 are other examples of buffers that store pixel data included in an image displayed on the display screen of each display device.
  • the line buffer 6-1 is a memory circuit that stores pixel data of an image displayed on the display device 11.
  • the line buffer 6-2 is a memory circuit that stores pixel data of an image displayed on the display device 12.
  • the line buffer 6-1 has at least a memory capacity for storing data of each pixel included in one scanning line of the image data displayed on the display screen A.
  • the line buffer 6-2 has at least a memory capacity for storing data of each pixel included in one scanning line in the image data displayed on the display screen B.
  • the display circuit 7-1 displays the pixel data received from the image generation unit 4 on the display device 11.
  • the display circuit 7-2 displays the pixel data received from the image generation unit 4 on the display device 12.
  • FIG. 10 is an operation flowchart of a drawing process executed by the drawing apparatus 1.
  • the vertex coordinate conversion unit 22 of the coordinate conversion unit 2 projects and converts the three-dimensional coordinates of each vertex of the three-dimensional figure to be displayed on each display screen included in the drawing command for each display screen. Conversion into dimensional coordinates (step S101).
  • the graphic information generation unit 23 of the coordinate conversion unit 2 obtains graphic information representing graphic information displayed from each vertex on the display screen for each display screen (step S102).
  • the drawing ratio calculation unit 31 of the selection unit 3 ensures that the number of divided areas obtained from images displayed in the same period is the same between the display screens.
  • the number of horizontal divisions on each display screen is calculated (step S103).
  • the drawing area determination unit 32 of the selection unit 3 specifies, for each piece of graphic information, a divided region that includes the graphic represented by the graphic information (step S104).
  • the vertex coordinate conversion unit 42 of the image generation unit 4 projects and converts the three-dimensional coordinates of each vertex of the three-dimensional figure to be displayed on each display screen included in the drawing command for each display screen. Conversion into dimensional coordinates is performed (step S105). Then, the graphic information generating unit 43 of the image generating unit 4 obtains graphic information representing the graphic information displayed from each vertex on the display screen for each display screen (step S106).
  • the pixel affiliation determination unit 44 of the image generation unit 4 specifies the graphic to which each pixel belongs for each divided area of each display screen based on the graphic information of each graphic (step S107). Then, the pixel data generation unit 45 of the image generation unit 4 calculates pixel data such as the luminance and color of each pixel included in the graphic for each divided area of each display screen (step S108).
  • the buffer control unit 47 of the image generation unit 4 calculates, for each divided area of each display screen, an address where the data of each pixel included in the divided area is stored (step S109). Then, the buffer control unit 47 alternately receives the data of each pixel of the divided area of the display screen A and the pixel data of the divided area of the display screen B received from the pixel data generating unit 45 at the corresponding addresses of the line depth buffer 5. (Step S110).
  • the removal unit 46 of the image generation unit 4 removes pixel data not drawn on the display screen from the data of each pixel for each figure for each divided region of each display screen (step S111). Then, the buffer control unit 47 stores the data of each pixel received from the removal unit 46 at the corresponding address of the line buffer 6-1 or 6-2 (step S112).
  • Step S113 the drawing apparatus 1 ends the drawing process.
  • the drawing apparatus the number of divided areas obtained by dividing each image displayed within a certain period for each of the plurality of display screens is the same between the display screens. As described above, the number of horizontal divisions in each display screen is determined. Further, the drawing apparatus alternately stores pixel data of one divided region for one display screen and pixel data of one divided region for the other display screen in a line depth buffer. Therefore, this drawing device can draw an image on a plurality of display devices using a line depth buffer and a line buffer having a memory capacity smaller than the size of the display screen.
  • the aspect ratio of the display screen A and the aspect ratio of the display screen B may not be an integral multiple.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example in which the aspect ratio of the display screen of one display device is not an integer multiple of the aspect ratio of the display screen of the other display device.
  • the number of scanning lines per screen is 12, and the number of pixels of each scanning line, that is, the number of pixels in the horizontal direction is 16.
  • the display screen 1102 (display screen B) of the display device 12 the number of scanning lines per screen is 8, and the number of pixels of each scanning line, that is, the number of pixels in the horizontal direction is 8.
  • the frame rate of the display screen 1101 is 30 times / second
  • the frame rate of the display screen 1102 is 60 times / second.
  • the right side is 3/4 from the equation (1). Therefore, the number of divisions in the horizontal direction is 4 for the display screen A, and the number of divisions in the horizontal direction is 3 for the display screen B. Therefore, the image displayed on the display screen A is divided into divided areas 1 to 4 for each scanning line, and the image displayed on the display screen B is divided into divided areas 1 to 3 for each scanning line. It is divided into.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the order of the divided areas stored in the line depth buffer 5 in the example shown in FIG.
  • the display screen A is divided into four in the horizontal direction, and the display screen B is divided into three in the horizontal direction. Therefore, first, the pixel data 1201 included in the divided area 1 of the scanning line on the top of the display screen A is stored in the line depth buffer 5. Next, pixel data 1202 included in the divided area 1 of the scanning line on the top of the display screen B is stored in the line depth buffer 5. Third, pixel data 1203 included in the divided region 2 of the uppermost scanning line on the display screen A is stored in the line depth buffer 5. Fourth, pixel data 1204 included in the divided region 2 of the uppermost scanning line on the display screen B is stored in the line depth buffer 5. Thus, the pixel data of the divided area of the display screen A and the pixel data of the divided area of the display screen B are alternately stored in the line depth buffer 5.
  • the line depth buffer 5 may have a capacity capable of storing pixel data corresponding to the sum of the horizontal size of the display screen A and the horizontal size of the display screen B.
  • the buffer control unit 47 finishes writing the pixel data for one scanning line for the display screen A or the display screen B, it passes the pixel data for one scanning line to the removal unit 46. May be. Then, the removal unit 46 may write pixel data for one scanning line into the line buffer 6-1 or 6-2.
  • the pixel data of the image displayed on each display screen may be created by a method other than the above embodiment.
  • the pixel data generation unit 45 may create pixel data based on, for example, two-dimensional graphics data or image information such as a photograph.
  • either the line depth buffer or the line buffer may be omitted.
  • the buffer control unit 47 may store each pixel data of the display screen A at the address calculated by the equation (4) of the line buffer 6-1.
  • the buffer control unit 47 may store each pixel data of the display screen B at the address calculated by the equation (4) of the line buffer 6-2.
  • the buffer control unit 47 may store the pixel data of the divided area of the display screen A and the pixel data of the divided area of the display screen B alternately in the line buffer.
  • the computer program capable of executing the functions of the coordinate conversion unit 2, the selection unit 3, and the image generation unit 4 of the drawing apparatus 1 on the processor is recorded on a computer-readable medium such as a magnetic recording medium or an optical recording medium. It may be provided in the form. However, such a recording medium does not include a carrier wave.

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Abstract

　The purpose of the present invention is to provide a drawing device with which it is possible to draw an image on a plurality of display screens using memory having a small memory capacity. A drawing device (1) has: buffers (6-1, 6-2) for storing part of the data of an image displayed on a first display device (11) and part of the data of an image displayed on a second display device (12); a drawing ratio calculation unit (31) for calculating the number of divisions in the scanning direction of the first and the second display units so that the number of first divided areas obtained by dividing the image displayed on the first display device into a plurality of areas in a prescribed period and the number of second divided areas obtained by dividing the image displayed on the second display device into a plurality of areas in a prescribed period are equal; a dividing unit for dividing the image displayed on the first display device and the image displayed on the second display device in accordance with the calculated number of divisions; and a buffer control unit (47) for storing the data of each of the divided images alternately in the buffers.

Description

描画装置、描画方法及び描画用コンピュータプログラムDrawing apparatus, drawing method, and computer program for drawing
　本発明は、例えば、表示装置に画像を描画する描画装置、描画方法及び描画用コンピュータプログラムに関する。 The present invention relates to, for example, a drawing apparatus, a drawing method, and a drawing computer program for drawing an image on a display device.
　３次元のグラフィックスデータから生成される画像データを表示装置に描画する描画装置では、描画する画像データを記憶するために、フレームバッファあるいはデプスバッファと呼ばれる、表示画面全体の画素数に相当する容量を持つメモリが用いられる。例えば、表示画面が、いわゆるSVGA、すなわち、800画素×600画素のサイズを持ち、かつ、１画素あたりの奥行及び色のデータが8byteで表される場合、フレームバッファのメモリ容量は、約3.7MByteとなる。このように、フレームバッファは、大きなメモリ容量を必要とする。 In a drawing device that draws image data generated from three-dimensional graphics data on a display device, a capacity equivalent to the number of pixels of the entire display screen, called a frame buffer or a depth buffer, is stored in order to store the image data to be drawn. A memory with is used. For example, when the display screen has a so-called SVGA, that is, a size of 800 pixels × 600 pixels, and the depth and color data per pixel are represented by 8 bytes, the memory capacity of the frame buffer is about 3.7 MBytes. It becomes. Thus, the frame buffer requires a large memory capacity.
　そこで、スキャンライン法と呼ばれる、画面の走査線ごとに描画処理を行う方法を利用することで、フレームバッファの代わりに、ラインバッファを利用する描画装置が提案されている（例えば、特許文献１を参照）。 In view of this, a drawing apparatus that uses a line buffer instead of a frame buffer has been proposed by using a method of performing drawing processing for each scanning line on the screen, which is called a scan line method (for example, see Patent Document 1). reference).
特開２０１３－３００６６号公報JP 2013-30066 A
　また、表示装置の用途によっては、複数の表示装置に同時に画像を表示することが求められる。しかし、特許文献１に開示された描画装置では、ラインバッファには、一つの表示画面の一つの走査線のデータが格納されるので、複数の表示画面に画像を表示させることは想定されていない。 Also, depending on the application of the display device, it is required to display images simultaneously on a plurality of display devices. However, in the drawing apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1, since data of one scanning line of one display screen is stored in the line buffer, it is not assumed that an image is displayed on a plurality of display screens. .
　そこで本明細書は、複数の表示画面の何れかに表示する画像データ全体を記憶するために要求されるメモリ容量よりも少ないメモリ容量を持つメモリを用いてその複数の表示画面に画像を描画できる描画装置を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, in this specification, an image can be drawn on a plurality of display screens using a memory having a memory capacity smaller than that required for storing the entire image data to be displayed on any one of the plurality of display screens. An object is to provide a drawing apparatus.
　一つの実施形態によれば、描画装置が提供される。この描画装置は、第１の表示装置の第１の表示画面に表示される画像に含まれる画素のデータと第２の表示装置の第２の表示画面に表示される画像に含まれる画素のデータとを格納するバッファと、所定期間に第１の表示画面に表示される１以上の画像を複数の第１の分割領域に分割して得られる第１の分割領域の数とその所定期間に第２の表示画面に表示される１以上の画像を複数の第２の分割領域に分割して得られる第２の分割領域の数とが等しくなるように、第１の表示画面の走査方向における分割数と第２の表示画面の走査方向における分割数を算出する描画比率算出部と、第１の表示画面の走査方向における分割数に応じて第１の表示画面に表示される画像を複数の第１の分割領域に分割し、第２の表示画面の走査方向における分割数に応じて第２の表示画面に表示される画像を複数の第２の分割領域に分割する分割部と、第１の分割領域の各画素のデータと第２の分割領域の各画素のデータとをバッファに交互に格納するバッファ制御部とを有する。 According to one embodiment, a drawing device is provided. The drawing device includes pixel data included in an image displayed on a first display screen of a first display device and pixel data included in an image displayed on a second display screen of a second display device. , A number of first divided areas obtained by dividing one or more images displayed on the first display screen in a predetermined period into a plurality of first divided areas, and a first number in the predetermined period. The division of the first display screen in the scanning direction so that the number of second divided areas obtained by dividing one or more images displayed on the two display screens into a plurality of second divided areas is equal. A drawing ratio calculation unit for calculating the number and the number of divisions in the scanning direction of the second display screen, and a plurality of images displayed on the first display screen according to the number of divisions in the scanning direction of the first display screen. Divided into one divided area and divided in the scanning direction of the second display screen. A division unit that divides an image displayed on the second display screen into a plurality of second divided areas according to the number, data of each pixel in the first divided area, and data of each pixel in the second divided area Are alternately stored in the buffer.
　本発明の目的及び利点は、請求項において特に指摘されたエレメント及び組み合わせにより実現され、かつ達成される。
　上記の一般的な記述及び下記の詳細な記述の何れも、例示的かつ説明的なものであり、請求項のように、本発明を制限するものではないことを理解されたい。 The objects and advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims.
It should be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and are not restrictive of the invention as claimed.
　本明細書に開示された描画装置は、複数の表示画面の何れかに表示する画像データ全体を記憶するために要求されるメモリ容量よりも少ないメモリ容量を持つメモリを用いてその複数の表示画面に画像を描画できる。 The drawing apparatus disclosed in the present specification uses a memory having a memory capacity smaller than a memory capacity required for storing the entire image data to be displayed on any of the plurality of display screens. You can draw an image.
図１は、一つの実施形態による描画装置の概略構成図である。FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a drawing apparatus according to an embodiment. 図２は、本実施形態による二つの表示装置の表示画面の一例を示す図である。FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of display screens of two display devices according to the present embodiment. 図３は、座標変換部の機能ブロック図である。FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of the coordinate conversion unit. 図４は、各表示画面についての描画命令を格納するメモリ回路の概念図である。FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of a memory circuit that stores drawing commands for each display screen. 図５は、選択部の機能ブロック図である。FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of the selection unit. 図６は、各表示画面についての描画命令を格納する記憶部の概念図である。FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram of a storage unit that stores drawing commands for each display screen. 図７は、画像生成部の読み出し制御部により読み出される図形情報の順序を示す図である。FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the order of graphic information read by the read control unit of the image generation unit. 図８は、画像生成部の機能ブロック図である。FIG. 8 is a functional block diagram of the image generation unit. 図９は、ラインデプスバッファに格納される、各分割領域の画素データの例を示す図である。FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of pixel data of each divided region stored in the line depth buffer. 図１０は、描画処理の動作フローチャートである。FIG. 10 is an operation flowchart of the drawing process. 図１１は、一方の表示装置の表示画面の縦横比が他方の表示装置の表示画面の縦横比の整数倍でない場合の一例を示す図である。FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example in which the aspect ratio of the display screen of one display device is not an integer multiple of the aspect ratio of the display screen of the other display device. 図１２は、図１１に示された例における、ラインデプスバッファ５に格納される分割領域の順序を示す図である。FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the order of the divided areas stored in the line depth buffer 5 in the example shown in FIG.
　以下、図を参照しつつ、実施形態による描画装置について説明する。この描画装置は、複数の表示画面のそれぞれに表示される画像を複数の分割領域に分割する。その際、この描画装置は、一方の表示画面に一定期間中に表示させる画像から得られる分割領域の数が、他方の表示画面にその一定期間中に表示させる画像から得られる分割領域の数と同数となるように、各表示画面について走査方向の分割数を決定する。なお、一定期間は、例えば、一方の表示画面の画像の更新間隔と他方の表示画面の画像の更新間隔の最小公倍数となる期間である。そしてこの描画装置は、一方の表示画面についての分割領域に含まれる画素データと他方の表示画面についての分割領域に含まれる画素データとを交互に生成して、画素データ格納用のバッファに格納することで、複数の表示画面への描画を可能とする。 Hereinafter, the drawing apparatus according to the embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. The drawing apparatus divides an image displayed on each of a plurality of display screens into a plurality of divided regions. In this case, the drawing apparatus is configured such that the number of divided areas obtained from an image displayed on one display screen during a certain period is equal to the number of divided areas obtained from an image displayed on the other display screen during the certain period. The number of divisions in the scanning direction is determined for each display screen so as to be the same number. Note that the certain period is, for example, a period that is the least common multiple of the image update interval on one display screen and the image update interval on the other display screen. The drawing apparatus alternately generates pixel data included in the divided region for one display screen and pixel data included in the divided region for the other display screen, and stores the pixel data in a buffer for storing pixel data. This enables drawing on a plurality of display screens.
　図１は、一つの実施形態による描画装置の概略構成図である。
　描画装置１は、座標変換部２と、選択部３と、画像生成部４と、ラインデプスバッファ５と、ラインバッファ６－１及び６－２と、表示回路７－１及び７－２とを有する。描画装置１が有するこれらの各部は、例えば、それぞれ、別個の集積回路として実装される。あるいは、座標変換部２、選択部３及び画像生成部４は、一つのプロセッサで実行される機能モジュールとして実装されてもよい。そして描画装置１は、例えば、バスを介して、メモリ回路１０と接続されており、メモリ回路１０から、表示装置１１または表示装置１２に表示する画像の元となる３次元グラフィックスデータを読み込むことができる。また、表示回路７－１から出力される画像は、表示装置１１に表示され、一方、表示回路７－２から出力される画像は、表示装置１２に表示される。この描画装置１は、例えば、コンピュータといった、複数の表示装置に画像を表示させることができる様々な装置に実装可能である。 FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a drawing apparatus according to an embodiment.
The drawing apparatus 1 includes a coordinate conversion unit 2, a selection unit 3, an image generation unit 4, a line depth buffer 5, line buffers 6-1 and 6-2, and display circuits 7-1 and 7-2. Have. Each of these units included in the drawing apparatus 1 is implemented as, for example, a separate integrated circuit. Alternatively, the coordinate conversion unit 2, the selection unit 3, and the image generation unit 4 may be implemented as functional modules that are executed by one processor. The drawing apparatus 1 is connected to the memory circuit 10 via, for example, a bus, and reads from the memory circuit 10 three-dimensional graphics data that is the basis of an image displayed on the display device 11 or the display device 12. Can do. The image output from the display circuit 7-1 is displayed on the display device 11, while the image output from the display circuit 7-2 is displayed on the display device 12. The drawing device 1 can be mounted on various devices that can display images on a plurality of display devices such as a computer.
　図２は、本実施形態による二つの表示装置の表示画面の一例を示す図である。この例では、表示装置１１の表示画面２０１では、１画面あたりの走査線数、すなわち、縦方向の画素数が１２であり、各走査線の画素数、すなわち、横方向の画素数が１６であるとする。一方、表示装置１２の表示画面２０２では、１画面あたりの走査線数が６であり、各走査線の画素数が８であるとする。また、表示画面２０１、２０２とも、表示の更新頻度、すなわち、フレームレートは６０回／秒であるとする。 FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of display screens of two display devices according to the present embodiment. In this example, in the display screen 201 of the display device 11, the number of scanning lines per screen, that is, the number of pixels in the vertical direction is 12, and the number of pixels of each scanning line, that is, the number of pixels in the horizontal direction is 16. Suppose there is. On the other hand, in the display screen 202 of the display device 12, the number of scanning lines per screen is six, and the number of pixels of each scanning line is eight. The display screens 201 and 202 both have a display update frequency, that is, a frame rate of 60 times / second.
　また、本実施形態では、表示回路７－１に対する垂直同期信号と、表示回路７－２に対する垂直同期信号は、同期信号生成回路（図示せず）から各表示回路に入力される。同期信号生成回路は、表示装置１１の表示画面の表示開始時の垂直同期信号を表示回路７－１に入力するタイミングと同じタイミングで表示装置１２の表示画面の表示開始時の垂直同期信号を表示回路７－２に入力する。また、二つの表示装置１１、１２のうちの一方の表示画面の同期間隔は、他方の表示画面の同期間隔の整数倍となる。 In this embodiment, the vertical synchronization signal for the display circuit 7-1 and the vertical synchronization signal for the display circuit 7-2 are input from the synchronization signal generation circuit (not shown) to each display circuit. The synchronization signal generation circuit displays the vertical synchronization signal at the start of display of the display screen of the display device 12 at the same timing as the vertical synchronization signal at the start of display of the display screen of the display device 11 is input to the display circuit 7-1. Input to circuit 7-2. Further, the synchronization interval of one display screen of the two display devices 11 and 12 is an integral multiple of the synchronization interval of the other display screen.
　座標変換部２は、メモリ回路１０に記憶されている描画命令に従って、メモリ回路１０から読み込んだ、表示装置１１または表示装置１２に表示させる３次元図形の３次元座標系における各頂点の座標を、投影面の２次元座標系の座標に変換する。 The coordinate conversion unit 2 reads the coordinates of each vertex in the three-dimensional coordinate system of the three-dimensional figure read from the memory circuit 10 and displayed on the display device 11 or 12 in accordance with the drawing command stored in the memory circuit 10. Convert to coordinates in the two-dimensional coordinate system of the projection plane.
　図３は、座標変換部２の機能ブロック図である。座標変換部２は、読み出し部２１と、頂点座標変換部２２と、図形情報生成部２３と、除去部２４とを有する。 FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram of the coordinate conversion unit 2. The coordinate conversion unit 2 includes a reading unit 21, a vertex coordinate conversion unit 22, a graphic information generation unit 23, and a removal unit 24.
　読み出し部２１は、メモリ回路１０から各表示装置に表示させる画像を生成するための描画命令を読み込む。 The reading unit 21 reads a drawing command for generating an image to be displayed on each display device from the memory circuit 10.
　図４は、各表示装置の表示画面についての描画命令を格納するメモリ回路１０の概念図である。この例では、メモリ回路１０には、アドレス番号の低い方から順に、表示装置１１の表示画面（以下、表示画面Ａと表記する）の描画命令４０１と、表示装置１２の表示画面（以下、表示画面Ｂと表記する）の描画命令４０２が格納されている。描画命令４０１及び４０２には、それぞれ、対象となる表示画面を識別して、表示画面ごとに描画を指示する識別命令４１１と、設定情報４１２と、図形ごとに用意される図形情報４１３とが含まれる。なお、設定情報は、例えば、表示画面のサイズ、表示される図形の視点及び投影面に応じた回転量、平行移動量、及び、光源の種類及び位置といった照明条件などを含む。また図形情報は、図形の頂点の３次元座標、表面の反射率といった素材情報及びテクスチャ情報などを含む。また、図形は、例えば、直方体、三角錐、円筒などの立体的な図形、あるいは、三角形、六角形、直線といった２次元的な図形であってもよい。 FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of the memory circuit 10 that stores a drawing command for the display screen of each display device. In this example, the memory circuit 10 has a drawing command 401 for a display screen of the display device 11 (hereinafter referred to as display screen A) and a display screen of the display device 12 (hereinafter referred to as display) in order from the lowest address number. (Designated as screen B) is stored. The drawing commands 401 and 402 include an identification command 411 for identifying a target display screen and instructing drawing for each display screen, setting information 412, and graphic information 413 prepared for each graphic. It is. Note that the setting information includes, for example, the lighting conditions such as the size of the display screen, the rotation amount according to the viewpoint of the displayed graphic and the projection plane, the parallel movement amount, and the type and position of the light source. The graphic information includes material information such as the three-dimensional coordinates of the vertex of the graphic, the reflectance of the surface, and texture information. The figure may be a three-dimensional figure such as a rectangular parallelepiped, a triangular pyramid, or a cylinder, or a two-dimensional figure such as a triangle, a hexagon, or a straight line.
　この例では、読み出し部２１は、表示画面Ａに対する描画命令を読み込み、頂点座標変換部２２、図形情報生成部２３及び除去部２４は、表示画面Ａについての処理を実行する。その後、読み出し部２１は、表示画面Ｂに対する描画命令を読み込み、頂点座標変換部２２、図形情報生成部２３及び除去部２４は、表示画面Ｂについての処理を実行する。なお、表示画面Ａに対する描画命令と表示画面Ｂに対する描画命令の実行順序は逆でもよい。また、読み出し部２１は、表示画面Ａに対する描画命令に含まれる各種の情報と表示画面Ｂに対する描画命令に含まれる各種の情報を交互に読み込んでもよい。 In this example, the reading unit 21 reads a drawing command for the display screen A, and the vertex coordinate conversion unit 22, the graphic information generation unit 23, and the removal unit 24 execute processing for the display screen A. Thereafter, the reading unit 21 reads a drawing command for the display screen B, and the vertex coordinate conversion unit 22, the graphic information generation unit 23, and the removal unit 24 execute processing for the display screen B. Note that the execution order of the drawing command for the display screen A and the drawing command for the display screen B may be reversed. Further, the reading unit 21 may alternately read various information included in the drawing command for the display screen A and various information included in the drawing command for the display screen B.
　頂点座標変換部２２は、描画される図形ごとに、描画命令に示された回転量及び平行移動量などに応じてその図形の各頂点の座標を移動し、その図形に対する視点に応じて各頂点を表示画面へ投影する投影変換処理を行う。これにより、頂点座標変換部２２は、各図形の各頂点の表示画面上の２次元座標を求める。そして頂点座標変換部２２は、各図形の各頂点の２次元座標を図形情報生成部２３へ渡す。 For each figure to be drawn, the vertex coordinate conversion unit 22 moves the coordinates of each vertex of the figure according to the rotation amount and the parallel movement amount indicated in the drawing command, and each vertex according to the viewpoint for the figure. Projection conversion processing for projecting the image onto the display screen. Thereby, the vertex coordinate conversion unit 22 obtains two-dimensional coordinates on the display screen of each vertex of each figure. Then, the vertex coordinate conversion unit 22 passes the two-dimensional coordinates of each vertex of each graphic to the graphic information generation unit 23.
　図形情報生成部２３は、頂点座標変換部２２による各図形の各頂点の２次元座標から、表示画面上の図形を表す図形情報を生成する。表示画面上の図形は、例えば、三角形である。この場合、３次元座標系で表された立体図形は、表示画面上では、三角形の集合で表される。図形情報は、例えば、表示画面上の図形に含まれる各頂点の頂点番号と、表示画面における各頂点の２次元座標を示す位置情報とを含む。 The graphic information generation unit 23 generates graphic information representing a graphic on the display screen from the two-dimensional coordinates of each vertex of each graphic by the vertex coordinate conversion unit 22. The figure on the display screen is, for example, a triangle. In this case, the solid figure represented in the three-dimensional coordinate system is represented by a set of triangles on the display screen. The graphic information includes, for example, the vertex number of each vertex included in the graphic on the display screen and position information indicating the two-dimensional coordinates of each vertex on the display screen.
　除去部２４は、図形情報生成部２３により生成された図形情報のうち、表示画面に描画されない図形の図形情報を除去する。例えば、除去部２４は、各図形情報に対してクリッピング処理及びカリング処理を実施することで、図形のうち、表示画面上に描画されない部分を特定する。例えば、除去部２４は、各図形情報に対してクリッピング処理を行うことで、表示画面の表示領域外の図形に関する図形情報を除去する。また、除去部２４は、各図形情報に対してカリング処理を行うことで、図形の表裏を判定し、裏側に位置すると判定された図形に関する図形情報を除去する。なお、描画命令において、図形の裏側を表示する設定がなされていることもある。この場合、除去部２４は、例えば、裏側に位置する図形に関する図形情報に、裏側に位置することを示すフラグ等の表裏情報を追加する。 The removal unit 24 removes graphic information of a graphic not drawn on the display screen from the graphic information generated by the graphic information generation unit 23. For example, the removing unit 24 performs clipping processing and culling processing on each piece of graphic information, thereby specifying a portion of the graphic that is not drawn on the display screen. For example, the removal unit 24 removes graphic information regarding a graphic outside the display area of the display screen by performing clipping processing on each graphic information. Further, the removal unit 24 performs culling processing on each piece of graphic information to determine the front and back of the graphic, and removes graphic information related to the graphic determined to be located on the back side. The drawing command may be set to display the back side of the figure. In this case, for example, the removal unit 24 adds front and back information such as a flag indicating that the graphic is located on the back side to the graphic information regarding the graphic located on the back side.
　除去部２４は、表示画面に表示される図形の図形情報と描画命令を選択部３へ出力する。 The removal unit 24 outputs the graphic information of the graphic displayed on the display screen and the drawing command to the selection unit 3.
　選択部３は、各表示装置の表示画面に表示される画像を複数の分割領域に分割する。その際、選択部３は、一定期間中に表示される画像から得られる分割領域の数が、表示装置間で同一となるように、表示画面の走査方向（すなわち、横方向）の分割数を決定する。そして選択部３は、各表示装置について、分割領域ごとに、その分割領域に含まれる図形を選択する。 The selection unit 3 divides an image displayed on the display screen of each display device into a plurality of divided regions. At that time, the selection unit 3 sets the number of divisions in the scanning direction (that is, the horizontal direction) of the display screen so that the number of divided areas obtained from images displayed during a certain period is the same between display devices. decide. And the selection part 3 selects the figure contained in the division area for every division area about each display apparatus.
　図５は、選択部３の機能ブロック図である。選択部３は、描画比率算出部３１と、描画領域判定部３２と、記憶部３３と、読み出し制御部３４とを有する。 FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of the selection unit 3. The selection unit 3 includes a drawing ratio calculation unit 31, a drawing area determination unit 32, a storage unit 33, and a read control unit 34.
　描画比率算出部３１は、各表示画面についての描画命令に含まれる表示画面のサイズと表示画面のフレームレートに基づいて、同一期間に表示される画像から得られる分割領域の数が表示装置間で同一となるように各表示画面の横方向の分割数を算出する。
　各表示画面の横方向の分割数は、次式により算出される。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000001
 ここで、DNA、DNBは、それぞれ、表示画面Ａの横方向の分割数、表示画面Ｂの横方向の分割数である。またHAは、表示画面Ａの縦方向のサイズ、すなわち、表示画面Ａの走査線数であり、HBは、表示画面Ｂの縦方向のサイズ、すなわち、表示画面Ｂの走査線数である。そしてFRA、FRBは、それぞれ、表示画面Ａのフレームレート及び表示画面Ｂのフレームレートである。 The drawing ratio calculation unit 31 determines the number of divided areas obtained from images displayed in the same period between display devices based on the display screen size and the display screen frame rate included in the drawing command for each display screen. The number of horizontal divisions of each display screen is calculated so as to be the same.
The number of horizontal divisions of each display screen is calculated by the following equation.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000001
 Here, DNA and DNB are the number of horizontal divisions of display screen A and the number of horizontal divisions of display screen B, respectively. HA is the vertical size of the display screen A, that is, the number of scanning lines of the display screen A, and HB is the vertical size of the display screen B, that is, the number of scanning lines of the display screen B. FRA and FRB are the frame rate of display screen A and the frame rate of display screen B, respectively.
　本実施形態では、（１）式の右辺は１／２であると算出される。したがって、表示画面Ｂが横方向に２分割され、表示画面Ａは分割されない。
　描画比率算出部３１は、表示画面ごとの横方向の分割数を、描画領域判定部３２及び読み出し制御部３４へ通知する。 In the present embodiment, the right side of equation (1) is calculated to be ½. Therefore, the display screen B is divided into two in the horizontal direction, and the display screen A is not divided.
The drawing ratio calculation unit 31 notifies the drawing area determination unit 32 and the read control unit 34 of the number of horizontal divisions for each display screen.
　描画領域判定部３２は、分割部の一例であり、各表示装置の表示画面に表示される画像を、その表示画面の横方向の分割数に応じて複数の分割領域に分割し、分割領域ごとに含まれる図形を求める。 The drawing area determination unit 32 is an example of a division unit, and divides an image displayed on the display screen of each display device into a plurality of division areas according to the number of horizontal divisions of the display screen. Find the figure contained in.
　描画領域判定部３２は、各表示画面に表示される画像を、縦方向に、ラインデプスバッファ５及びラインバッファ６－１及び６－２が同時に格納できる走査線の本数ごとに分割する。例えば、ラインデプスバッファ５及びラインバッファ６－１及び６－２が１本の走査線についてのデータを格納できる場合、描画領域判定部３２は、走査線ごとに異なる分割領域とする。そして描画領域判定部３２は、対象の図形の各頂点と分割領域の縦方向の座標を比較することで、対象の図形が含まれる分割領域を特定する。すなわち、描画領域判定部３２は、対象の図形の各頂点のうちの縦方向の座標が最小となる頂点と縦方向の座標が最大となる頂点の間に含まれる分割領域に、その対象の図形が含まれると判定する。 The drawing area determination unit 32 divides the image displayed on each display screen in the vertical direction according to the number of scanning lines that can be simultaneously stored in the line depth buffer 5 and the line buffers 6-1 and 6-2. For example, when the line depth buffer 5 and the line buffers 6-1 and 6-2 can store data for one scanning line, the drawing area determination unit 32 sets different divided areas for each scanning line. Then, the drawing area determination unit 32 compares each vertex of the target graphic with the vertical coordinate of the divided area to identify the divided area including the target graphic. In other words, the drawing area determination unit 32 sets the target graphic to a divided area included between the vertex having the minimum vertical coordinate and the vertex having the maximum vertical coordinate among the vertices of the target graphic. Is determined to be included.
　また、ラインデプスバッファ５及びラインバッファ６－１及び６－２が複数の走査線のデータを格納できることがある。この場合、描画領域判定部３２は、各表示画面に表示される画像を、縦方向に、ラインデプスバッファ５及びラインバッファ６－１及び６－２が格納可能な走査線の本数ごとに分割する。すなわち、分割領域の縦方向のサイズは、ラインデプスバッファ５及びラインバッファ６－１及び６－２がデータを格納可能な走査線の本数に対応する。この場合、描画領域判定部３２は、対象の図形が次式を満たすとき、その図形が着目する分割領域に含まれると判定する。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000002
 なお、Ymin、Ymaxは、それぞれ、対象の図形の最小の縦方向座標および最大の縦方向座標であり、Amin、Amaxは、着目する分割領域の最小の縦方向座標および最大の縦方向座標である。なお、表示画面の上端の縦方向座標を０とし、下方向へ行くにつれて、縦方向座標は大きくなるものとする。すなわち、着目する分割領域の最小の縦方向座標Aminが対象の図形の最大の縦方向座標Ymaxより小さく、かつ、着目する分割領域の最大の縦方向座標Amaxが対象の図形の最小の縦方向座標Yminより大きいとき、対象の図形が着目する分割領域に含まれる。 In addition, the line depth buffer 5 and the line buffers 6-1 and 6-2 may store data of a plurality of scanning lines. In this case, the drawing area determination unit 32 divides the image displayed on each display screen in the vertical direction according to the number of scanning lines that can be stored in the line depth buffer 5 and the line buffers 6-1 and 6-2. . That is, the vertical size of the divided area corresponds to the number of scanning lines in which the line depth buffer 5 and the line buffers 6-1 and 6-2 can store data. In this case, the drawing area determination unit 32 determines that the target graphic satisfies the following expression and is included in the divided area of interest.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000002
 Y min and Y max are the minimum vertical coordinate and the maximum vertical coordinate of the target graphic, respectively, and A min and A max are the minimum vertical coordinate and the maximum vertical coordinate of the target divided area, respectively. It is a direction coordinate. It is assumed that the vertical coordinate at the upper end of the display screen is 0, and the vertical coordinate increases as it goes downward. That is, the minimum vertical coordinate A min of the target divided area is smaller than the maximum vertical coordinate Y max of the target figure, and the maximum vertical coordinate A max of the target divided area is the minimum of the target figure. When it is larger than the vertical coordinate Y min , the target graphic is included in the divided area of interest.
　さらに、描画領域判定部３２は、（１）式の結果に応じて表示画面Ａあるいは表示画面Ｂを横方向に分割する。そして描画領域判定部３２は、各図形について、その図形が含まれる分割領域を特定する。その際、描画領域判定部３２は、（２）式における縦方向の座標を横方向の座標とした判定式を用いることで、対象の図形が分割領域に含まれるか否かを判定できる。 Further, the drawing area determination unit 32 divides the display screen A or the display screen B in the horizontal direction according to the result of the expression (1). Then, the drawing area determination unit 32 specifies, for each graphic, a divided area including the graphic. At that time, the drawing area determination unit 32 can determine whether or not the target graphic is included in the divided area by using a determination expression in which the vertical coordinate in the expression (2) is the horizontal coordinate.
　描画領域判定部３２は、各図形情報に、その図形情報が表す図形が含まれる分割領域を特定する情報を追加して、記憶部３３に格納する。 The drawing area determination unit 32 adds information specifying a divided area including the graphic represented by the graphic information to each graphic information and stores the information in the storage unit 33.
　図６は、各表示画面についての描画命令を格納する記憶部３３の概念図である。図６に示されるように、この例では、アドレス番号の低いから順に、表示画面Ａの描画命令６０１と、表示画面Ｂの描画命令６０２が格納されている。描画命令６０１及び６０２には、図４に示された描画命令と比較して、図形ごとに、その図形が含まれる範囲の情報６１１～６１４が追加されている点で異なる。また、図形の情報に含まれる各頂点の座標も、表示画面上の２次元の座標となっている。 FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram of the storage unit 33 that stores drawing commands for each display screen. As shown in FIG. 6, in this example, a drawing command 601 for the display screen A and a drawing command 602 for the display screen B are stored in order from the lowest address number. The drawing commands 601 and 602 differ from the drawing command shown in FIG. 4 in that range information 611 to 614 including the figure is added for each figure. In addition, the coordinates of each vertex included in the graphic information are also two-dimensional coordinates on the display screen.
　読み出し制御部３４は、各表示画面の図形情報を、記憶部３３から表示画面ごとに交互に読み出して、画像生成部４へ出力する。その際、読み出し制御部３４は、走査線ごとに記憶部３３から図形情報を読み出してもよい。あるいは、読み出し制御部３４は、国際公開第2011/161723号に開示されているように、タイル単位で図形情報を読み出してもよい。この場合には、読み出し制御部３４は、タイルごとに、そのタイルに含まれる図形情報及び描画命令を画像生成部４へ出力する。 The read control unit 34 alternately reads the graphic information of each display screen from the storage unit 33 for each display screen and outputs it to the image generation unit 4. At that time, the read control unit 34 may read the graphic information from the storage unit 33 for each scanning line. Alternatively, the reading control unit 34 may read graphic information in tile units as disclosed in International Publication No. 2011/161723. In this case, the read control unit 34 outputs the graphic information and the drawing command included in the tile to the image generation unit 4 for each tile.
　また、表示画面が横方向において分割されている場合、読み出し制御部３４は、横方向について分割領域ごとに図形情報を読み出して画像生成部４へ出力する。 Further, when the display screen is divided in the horizontal direction, the read control unit 34 reads the graphic information for each divided region in the horizontal direction and outputs it to the image generation unit 4.
　図７は、読み出し制御部３４により読み出される図形情報の順序を示す図である。この例では、表示画面Ａは、横方向については分割されず、表示画面Ｂは、横方向について２分割されている。そこで先ず、表示画面Ａの一番上の走査線全体に含まれる図形情報７０１が記憶部３３から読み出される。次に、表示画面Ｂの一番上の走査線の左半分に含まれる図形情報７０２が記憶部３３から読み出される。３番目に、表示画面Ａの上から２番目の走査線全体に含まれる図形情報７０３が記憶部３３から読み出される。そして表示画面Ｂの一番上の走査線の右半分に含まれる図形情報７０４が記憶部３３から読み出される。以下、表示画面の下端まで、同様に繰り返される。また、後述するように、ラインデプスバッファ５にも、図７に示される順序で、各図形情報に対応する分割領域の画素データが格納される。 FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the order of graphic information read out by the read control unit 34. In this example, the display screen A is not divided in the horizontal direction, and the display screen B is divided in two in the horizontal direction. First, graphic information 701 included in the entire uppermost scanning line of the display screen A is read from the storage unit 33. Next, graphic information 702 included in the left half of the top scanning line of the display screen B is read from the storage unit 33. Third, graphic information 703 included in the entire second scanning line from the top of the display screen A is read from the storage unit 33. Then, graphic information 704 included in the right half of the uppermost scanning line of the display screen B is read from the storage unit 33. Thereafter, the same process is repeated up to the lower end of the display screen. Further, as will be described later, the line depth buffer 5 also stores pixel data of divided areas corresponding to each piece of graphic information in the order shown in FIG.
　このように、表示画面Ａの１本の走査線に含まれる図形情報が画像生成部４に入力される間に、表示画面Ｂの走査線半分に含まれる図形情報が画像生成部４に入力される。これにより、同じタイミングで表示画面Ａに表示される画像と表示画面Ｂに表示される画像とが、分割領域ごとに同時に生成される。 As described above, the graphic information included in the half of the scanning lines of the display screen B is input to the image generation unit 4 while the graphic information included in one scanning line of the display screen A is input to the image generation unit 4. The As a result, an image displayed on the display screen A and an image displayed on the display screen B at the same timing are simultaneously generated for each divided region.
　画像生成部４は、選択部３より入力された、分割領域ごとの図形情報に基づいて、各表示装置に表示させる画像を分割領域単位で生成する。また画像生成部４は、選択部３より入力された表示画面情報および横方向の分割情報に従って、ラインデプスバッファ５における、表示画面Ａ及び表示画面Ｂの画素ごとのデータの格納アドレスを計算する。そして画像生成部４は、表示画面Ａについての分割領域内の奥行情報を持つ各画素のデータと、表示画面Ｂについての分割領域内の奥行情報を持つ各画素のデータとを、ラインデプスバッファ５における算出したアドレスに交互に格納する。また画像生成部４は、ラインデプスバッファ５に格納された分割領域ごとの画素データから、表示画面に表示させるデータだけを取り出してラインバッファ６－１またはラインバッファ６－２に格納する。そして画像生成部４は、何れかのラインバッファに走査線全体の画素データが格納される度に、そのラインバッファ６－１から読み出した画素データを表示回路へ出力する。 The image generation unit 4 generates an image to be displayed on each display device in units of divided regions based on the graphic information for each divided region input from the selection unit 3. Further, the image generation unit 4 calculates the storage address of the data for each pixel of the display screen A and the display screen B in the line depth buffer 5 according to the display screen information and the horizontal division information input from the selection unit 3. Then, the image generation unit 4 converts the data of each pixel having the depth information in the divided area for the display screen A and the data of each pixel having the depth information in the divided area for the display screen B into the line depth buffer 5. Are alternately stored at the calculated addresses. The image generation unit 4 extracts only the data to be displayed on the display screen from the pixel data for each divided area stored in the line depth buffer 5 and stores it in the line buffer 6-1 or the line buffer 6-2. Then, every time pixel data of the entire scanning line is stored in any of the line buffers, the image generation unit 4 outputs the pixel data read from the line buffer 6-1 to the display circuit.
　図８は、画像生成部４の機能ブロック図である。画像生成部４は、読み出し部４１と、頂点座標変換部４２と、図形情報生成部４３と、画素所属判定部４４と、画素データ生成部４５と、除去部４６と、バッファ制御部４７と、表示データ制御部４８とを有する。 FIG. 8 is a functional block diagram of the image generation unit 4. The image generation unit 4 includes a reading unit 41, a vertex coordinate conversion unit 42, a graphic information generation unit 43, a pixel affiliation determination unit 44, a pixel data generation unit 45, a removal unit 46, a buffer control unit 47, And a display data control unit 48.
　読み出し部４１は、メモリ回路１０から各表示装置に表示させる画像を生成するための描画命令を読み込む。そして読み出し部４１は、描画命令に含まれる、各図形の頂点の３次元座標を頂点座標変換部４２へ渡す。 The reading unit 41 reads a drawing command for generating an image to be displayed on each display device from the memory circuit 10. Then, the reading unit 41 passes the three-dimensional coordinates of the vertices of each graphic included in the drawing command to the vertex coordinate conversion unit 42.
　頂点座標変換部４２は、描画される図形ごとに、描画命令に示された回転量及び平行移動量などに応じてその図形の各頂点の座標を移動し、設定された視点に応じて各頂点を表示画面へ投影する投影変換処理を行う。これにより、頂点座標変換部４２は、各図形の各頂点の表示画面上の２次元座標を求める。 For each figure to be drawn, the vertex coordinate conversion unit 42 moves the coordinates of each vertex of the figure according to the rotation amount and the parallel movement amount indicated in the drawing command, and each vertex according to the set viewpoint. Projection conversion processing for projecting the image onto the display screen. Thereby, the vertex coordinate conversion part 42 calculates | requires the two-dimensional coordinate on the display screen of each vertex of each figure.
　さらに、頂点座標変換部４２は、表示画面上の各頂点について、描画命令で指定された光源による照明に応じた明るさの調整、各頂点の色の算出、及び、各図形の法線ベクトルの算出などの処理を行う。さらに、頂点座標変換部４２は、表示画面上の各図形に貼り付ける、テクスチャの範囲を表す３次元座標を投影変換して、表示画面上でのそのテクスチャの範囲を表す座標を求めてもよい。そして頂点座標変換部４２は、表示画面上の各図形の各頂点の情報を図形情報生成部４３へ渡す。 Further, the vertex coordinate conversion unit 42 adjusts the brightness according to the illumination by the light source specified by the drawing command, calculates the color of each vertex, and calculates the normal vector of each figure for each vertex on the display screen. Processing such as calculation is performed. Further, the vertex coordinate conversion unit 42 may project and convert the three-dimensional coordinates representing the texture range to be pasted to each figure on the display screen, and obtain the coordinates representing the texture range on the display screen. . Then, the vertex coordinate conversion unit 42 passes information on each vertex of each graphic on the display screen to the graphic information generation unit 43.
　図形情報生成部４３は、図形情報生成部２３と同様に、頂点座標変換部４２による各図形の各頂点の２次元座標から、表示画面上の図形情報を生成する。また図形情報生成部４３は、各頂点の座標から、各辺の式を算出する。図形情報は、例えば、図形に含まれる各頂点の頂点番号と、表示画面における各頂点の２次元座標を示す位置情報とを含む。さらに、図形情報は、各辺の式を表す情報（例えば、傾きと切片）、図形の色の情報、法線ベクトルの情報、テクスチャの範囲を表す情報、及び、Ｚ方向の情報（すなわち、奥行きの情報）等を含む。なお、Ｚ方向の情報は、例えば、各頂点に対応する、３次元座標系における元の図形の点の座標におけるＺ方向の座標とすることができる。図形情報生成部４３は、２次元座標上の各図形の図形情報を画素所属判定部４４へ出力する。 The graphic information generation unit 43 generates graphic information on the display screen from the two-dimensional coordinates of each vertex of each graphic by the vertex coordinate conversion unit 42 as in the graphic information generation unit 23. The graphic information generation unit 43 calculates an expression for each side from the coordinates of each vertex. The graphic information includes, for example, the vertex number of each vertex included in the graphic and position information indicating the two-dimensional coordinates of each vertex on the display screen. Furthermore, the graphic information includes information representing the expression of each side (for example, inclination and intercept), graphic color information, normal vector information, texture range information, and Z direction information (ie, depth). Information). The information in the Z direction can be, for example, the coordinates in the Z direction in the coordinates of the points of the original figure in the three-dimensional coordinate system corresponding to each vertex. The graphic information generation unit 43 outputs graphic information of each graphic on the two-dimensional coordinates to the pixel affiliation determination unit 44.
　画素所属判定部４４は、各図形の図形情報に基づいて、表示画面の各画素が属する図形を特定する。なお、一つの画素が複数の図形に属することもある。そして画素所属判定部４４は、各画素が属する図形を表す情報を画素データ生成部４５へ渡す。 The pixel affiliation determination unit 44 identifies the graphic to which each pixel of the display screen belongs based on the graphic information of each graphic. One pixel may belong to a plurality of figures. Then, the pixel affiliation determination unit 44 passes information representing a graphic to which each pixel belongs to the pixel data generation unit 45.
　画素データ生成部４５は、図形ごとに、その図形に含まれる各画素について、その画素の輝度、色、及び、対応する図形のＺ方向（すなわち、奥行き方向）の位置を算出する。その際、画素データ生成部４５は、図形情報に含まれる色及びテクスチャなどの情報、及び、描画設定情報に含まれる、図形の反射率等の素材情報および光源の位置情報等に基づいて、画素ごとに、輝度及び色を算出する。そして画素データ生成部４５は、各図形について、その図形に含まれる各画素の情報をバッファ制御部４７に渡す。 For each graphic, the pixel data generation unit 45 calculates the luminance, color, and position of the corresponding graphic in the Z direction (ie, the depth direction) for each pixel included in the graphic. At that time, the pixel data generation unit 45 generates pixels based on information such as colors and textures included in the graphic information, and material information such as reflectance of the graphic and light source position information included in the drawing setting information. For each, the brightness and color are calculated. Then, the pixel data generation unit 45 passes information on each pixel included in the graphic to the buffer control unit 47 for each graphic.
　除去部４６は、分割領域ごとに、画素データ生成部４５により算出された図形ごとの各画素の情報のうち、表示画面に描画されない画素情報を除去する。例えば、除去部４６は、バッファ制御部４７に対して、表示画面Ａの分割領域と、表示画面Ｂの分割領域について、交互に読み出しリクエストを出力する。あるいは、除去部４６は、画素ごとに読み出しリクエストを出力してもよい。バッファ制御部４７は、ラインデプスバッファ５に記憶されている、その画素の奥行方向の位置を表すデプス値を読み出して、除去部４６に出力する。そして除去部４６は、表示画面上の同じ位置にある画素の情報が複数ある場合、デプス値に基づいて最も手前側に位置する図形の画素とその他の図形の画素を特定し、最も手前側に位置する図形以外の図形についての画素情報を除去する。なお、除去されずに残った画素情報は、描画対象の分割領域に含まれる画素のデータとなる。除去部４６は、分割領域の各画素のデータをバッファ制御部４７へ出力する。 The removal unit 46 removes pixel information that is not drawn on the display screen from the information of each pixel for each graphic calculated by the pixel data generation unit 45 for each divided region. For example, the removal unit 46 alternately outputs read requests for the divided area of the display screen A and the divided area of the display screen B to the buffer control unit 47. Alternatively, the removal unit 46 may output a read request for each pixel. The buffer control unit 47 reads out the depth value that is stored in the line depth buffer 5 and represents the position in the depth direction of the pixel, and outputs the depth value to the removal unit 46. Then, when there are a plurality of pieces of pixel information at the same position on the display screen, the removing unit 46 identifies the pixel of the graphic located closest to the front and the pixels of the other graphic based on the depth value, Pixel information about a graphic other than the positioned graphic is removed. Note that pixel information remaining without being removed is pixel data included in the divided region to be drawn. The removal unit 46 outputs the data of each pixel in the divided area to the buffer control unit 47.
　バッファ制御部４７は、各表示画面の描画命令に含まれる表示画面の設定情報及び選択３により計算された横方向の分割情報から、分割領域ごとに、その分割領域に含まれる各画素のデータが格納されるアドレスを計算する。そしてバッファ制御部４７は、表示画面Ａについての分割領域の各画素のデータと、表示画面Ｂについての分割領域の各画素のデータとを、ラインデプスバッファ５に交互に格納する。その際、バッファ制御部４７は、各画素のデータを算出したアドレスに格納する。
　またバッファ制御部４７は、除去部４６からの読み出しリクエストに応じて、ラインデプスバッファ５から格納されている分割領域の各画素のデータを読み出して除去部４６に渡す。 Based on the display screen setting information included in the display command for each display screen and the horizontal division information calculated in the selection 3, the buffer control unit 47 obtains data of each pixel included in the divided area for each divided area. Calculate the stored address. Then, the buffer control unit 47 alternately stores the data of each pixel of the divided area for the display screen A and the data of each pixel of the divided area for the display screen B in the line depth buffer 5. At that time, the buffer control unit 47 stores the data of each pixel at the calculated address.
Further, in response to a read request from the removal unit 46, the buffer control unit 47 reads the data of each pixel in the divided area stored from the line depth buffer 5 and passes it to the removal unit 46.
　例えば、表示画面Ａ及び表示画面Ｂのそれぞれについて、横方向座標がXPOSの画素のデータが格納されるラインデプスバッファ５のアドレスADDRは、次式で表される。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000003
 ここで、XSIZEAは、表示画面Ａの横方向サイズ（すなわち、横方向の画素数）であり、Mは、表示画面Ａの横方向の分割数である。また、XSIZEi(i=AorB)は、表示画面Ａの画素データについては、表示画面Ａの横方向サイズであり、表示画面Ｂの画素データについては、表示画面Ｂの横方向サイズである。またKは、表示画面Ａの画素データについては、表示画面Ａの横方向分割数であり、表示画面Ｂの画素データについては、表示画面Ｂの横方向分割数である。kは、表示画面Ａの画素データについては、0～(表示画面Ａの横方向分割数-1)の間で1ずつ順番に変わる数であり、表示画面Ｂの画素データについては、0～(表示画面Ｂの横方向分割数-1)の間で1ずつ順番に変わる数である。Dは、対象となる画素データが表示される表示画面を表すフラグであり、表示画面Ａの画素データについてはD=0となり、表示画面Ｂの画素データについてはD=1となる。そしてPは、奥行き方向の情報を含む、１画素当たりの画素データのバイト数である。なお、ラインデプスバッファ５が複数の走査線に対応するメモリを有する場合、各走査線に対応するメモリごとに、（３）式に従って各画素データが格納されるアドレスが計算される。 For example, for each of the display screen A and the display screen B, the address ADDR of the line depth buffer 5 in which the data of the pixel whose horizontal coordinate is XPOS is stored is expressed by the following equation.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000003
 Here, XSIZEA is the horizontal size of the display screen A (that is, the number of pixels in the horizontal direction), and M is the number of horizontal divisions of the display screen A. XSIZEi (i = AorB) is the horizontal size of the display screen A for the pixel data of the display screen A, and the horizontal size of the display screen B for the pixel data of the display screen B. K is the horizontal division number of the display screen A for the pixel data of the display screen A, and K is the horizontal division number of the display screen B for the pixel data of the display screen B. k is a number that changes one by one between 0 and (the number of horizontal divisions of the display screen A-1) for pixel data of the display screen A, and 0 to ( It is a number that changes one by one between the number of horizontal divisions of the display screen B-1). D is a flag representing a display screen on which target pixel data is displayed. D = 0 for pixel data on the display screen A and D = 1 for pixel data on the display screen B. P is the number of bytes of pixel data per pixel including information in the depth direction. When the line depth buffer 5 has a memory corresponding to a plurality of scanning lines, an address for storing each pixel data is calculated for each memory corresponding to each scanning line according to the equation (3).
　図９は、ラインデプスバッファ５に格納される、各分割領域の画素データの例を示す図である。この例では、表示画面Ａは、横方向に分割されておらず、一つの分割領域が走査線１本分のデータを含む。一方、表示画面Ｂは、横方向に２分割されているので、一つの分割領域が走査線の半分に相当するデータを含む。 FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of pixel data of each divided region stored in the line depth buffer 5. In this example, the display screen A is not divided in the horizontal direction, and one divided area includes data for one scanning line. On the other hand, since the display screen B is divided into two in the horizontal direction, one divided area includes data corresponding to half of the scanning lines.
　そのため、最初にラインデプスバッファ５に格納されるデータ９０１は、表示画面Ａの一番上の走査線に相当する画素データと、表示画面Ｂの一番上の走査線の左半分に相当する画素データが含まれる。２番目にラインデプスバッファ５に格納されるデータ９０２は、表示画面Ａの上から２番目の走査線に相当する画素データと、表示画面Ｂの一番上の走査線の右半分に相当する画素データが含まれる。３番目にラインデプスバッファ５に格納されるデータ９０３は、表示画面Ａの上から３番目の走査線に相当する画素データと、表示画面Ｂの上から２番目の走査線の左半分に相当する画素データが含まれる。このように、ラインデプスバッファ５には、表示画面Ａの一つの分割領域の画素データと表示画面Ｂの一つの分割領域の画素データが格納される。そして（３）式から明らかなように、表示画面Ａの画素データは、アドレス0～(XSIZEA*P-1)に格納され、表示画面Ｂの画素データは、アドレスXSIZE*P以降に格納される。 Therefore, the data 901 stored in the line depth buffer 5 first is pixel data corresponding to the uppermost scanning line of the display screen A and pixels corresponding to the left half of the uppermost scanning line of the display screen B. Contains data. Secondly, data 902 stored in the line depth buffer 5 includes pixel data corresponding to the second scanning line from the top of the display screen A and pixels corresponding to the right half of the uppermost scanning line of the display screen B. Contains data. The third data 903 stored in the line depth buffer 5 corresponds to the pixel data corresponding to the third scanning line from the top of the display screen A and the left half of the second scanning line from the top of the display screen B. Pixel data is included. Thus, the line depth buffer 5 stores pixel data of one divided area of the display screen A and pixel data of one divided area of the display screen B. As is clear from the equation (3), the pixel data of the display screen A is stored at addresses 0 to (XSIZEA * P-1), and the pixel data of the display screen B is stored after the address XSIZE * P. .
　さらに、バッファ制御部４７は、除去部４６により求められた、表示画面Ａの分割領域の各画素のデータを、ラインバッファ６－１の対応するアドレスへ格納する。同様に、バッファ制御部４７は、除去部４６により求められた、表示画面Ｂの分割領域の各画素のデータを、ラインバッファ６－２の対応するアドレスへ格納する。その際、ラインバッファ６－１及び６－２が、それぞれ、１本の走査線に対応する画素データを格納できる場合、表示画面Ａの各画素データが格納されるアドレスADDRA及び表示画面Ｂの各画素データが格納されるアドレスADDRBは、次式で算出される。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000004
 ここで、XPOSは、着目する画素の横方向の座標であり、Qは、1画素当たりの画素データのバイト数である。なお、ラインバッファ６－１及び６－２は、奥行き方向のデータを記憶しなくてよいので、QはPよりも小さい。 Further, the buffer control unit 47 stores the data of each pixel in the divided area of the display screen A obtained by the removal unit 46 at a corresponding address of the line buffer 6-1. Similarly, the buffer control unit 47 stores the data of each pixel in the divided area of the display screen B obtained by the removal unit 46 at the corresponding address of the line buffer 6-2. At this time, when the line buffers 6-1 and 6-2 can store pixel data corresponding to one scanning line, the address ADDRA where each pixel data of the display screen A is stored and each of the display screen B are stored. The address ADDRB where the pixel data is stored is calculated by the following equation.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000004
 Here, XPOS is the horizontal coordinate of the pixel of interest, and Q is the number of bytes of pixel data per pixel. Since the line buffers 6-1 and 6-2 do not need to store data in the depth direction, Q is smaller than P.
　表示画面Ａまたは表示画面Ｂが横方向に分割されている場合、横方向について２番目以降の分割領域については、バッファ制御部４７は、一つ前の分割領域の最も右側の画素データが格納されたアドレスの次のアドレスから画素データの書込みを始めればよい。 When the display screen A or the display screen B is divided in the horizontal direction, the buffer control unit 47 stores the rightmost pixel data of the previous divided area for the second and subsequent divided areas in the horizontal direction. It is only necessary to start writing pixel data from the address next to the address.
　バッファ制御部４７は、ラインバッファ６－１に、１本の走査線分の画素データの書込みを終了すると、その旨を表す書込み完了信号を表示データ制御部４８へ通知する。同様に、バッファ制御部４７は、ラインバッファ６－２に、１本の走査線分の画素データの書込みを終了すると、その旨を表す書込み完了信号を表示データ制御部４８へ通知する。 When the buffer control unit 47 finishes writing the pixel data for one scanning line in the line buffer 6-1, the buffer control unit 47 notifies the display data control unit 48 of a write completion signal indicating that. Similarly, when the writing of pixel data for one scanning line is finished in the line buffer 6-2, the buffer control unit 47 notifies the display data control unit 48 of a writing completion signal indicating that.
　表示データ制御部４８は、バッファ制御部４７からラインバッファ６－１についての書込み完了信号を受け取る度に、ラインバッファ６－１から画素データを読み出して、表示回路７－１へ出力する。同様に、表示データ制御部４８は、バッファ制御部４７からラインバッファ６－２についての書込み完了信号を受け取る度に、ラインバッファ６－２から画素データを読み出して、表示回路７－２へ出力する。 The display data control unit 48 reads pixel data from the line buffer 6-1 and outputs it to the display circuit 7-1 each time it receives a write completion signal for the line buffer 6-1 from the buffer control unit 47. Similarly, each time the display data control unit 48 receives a write completion signal for the line buffer 6-2 from the buffer control unit 47, it reads out the pixel data from the line buffer 6-2 and outputs it to the display circuit 7-2. .
　なお、表示データ制御部４８は、何れかのラインバッファから画素データを読み出している間に、他方のラインバッファについての書込み完了信号を受け取ると、各ラインバッファから、交互に画素データを読み出してもよい。あるいは、表示データ制御部４８は、表示画面Ａの分割領域の横方向サイズと表示画面Ｂの分割領域の横方向サイズの比率に従って画素グループ単位で交互に読み出してもよい。この場合の画素グループに含まれる画素数は次式で求められる。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000005
 ここで、DA、DBは、それぞれ、表示画面Ａの横方向分割数、表示画面Ｂの横方向分割数であり、XSIZEA、XSIZEBは、それぞれ、表示画面Ａの横方向サイズ、表示画面Ｂの横方向サイズである。そしてGA、GBは、それぞれ、表示画面Ａについて一度に読み出す画素グループに含まれる画素数、表示画面Ｂについて一度に読み出す画素グループに含まれる画素数である。 When the display data control unit 48 receives the write completion signal for the other line buffer while reading the pixel data from one of the line buffers, the display data control unit 48 may alternately read the pixel data from each line buffer. Good. Alternatively, the display data control unit 48 may alternately read pixel units in accordance with the ratio between the horizontal size of the divided area of the display screen A and the horizontal size of the divided area of the display screen B. In this case, the number of pixels included in the pixel group is obtained by the following equation.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000005
 Here, DA and DB are the number of horizontal divisions of display screen A and the number of horizontal divisions of display screen B, respectively. XSIZEA and XSIZEB are the horizontal size of display screen A and horizontal size of display screen B, respectively. Directional size. GA and GB are the number of pixels included in the pixel group read at a time for the display screen A and the number of pixels included in the pixel group read at a time for the display screen B, respectively.
　表示データ制御部４８が画素単位で交互に画素データを読み出す場合、表示回路７－１および表示回路７－２において一時保持される画素データ量を削減する事が可能となるため、表示回路７－１および表示回路７－２の内部のバッファを削減できる。 When the display data control unit 48 alternately reads out pixel data in units of pixels, the amount of pixel data temporarily held in the display circuit 7-1 and the display circuit 7-2 can be reduced. 1 and the buffer in the display circuit 7-2 can be reduced.
　ラインデプスバッファ５は、各表示装置の表示画面に表示される画像に含まれる画素のデータとを格納するバッファの一例である。ラインデプスバッファ５は、少なくとも、表示画面Ａの少なくとも一つの分割領域に含まれる、各画素の奥行情報を含むデータと、表示画面Ｂの少なくとも一つの分割領域に含まれる、各画素の奥行情報を含むデータとを記憶できる容量を持つメモリ回路である。なお、一つの分割領域が複数の走査線を含む場合には、ラインデプスバッファ５も、分割領域に含まれる各走査線の画素データを記憶できる容量を持つ。なお、ラインデプスバッファ５は、表示画面Ａと表示画面Ｂの両方について、分割領域に含まれる走査線の本数と同じ本数の走査線全体の画素データを記憶できるメモリ容量を有していてもよい。ただし、ラインデプスバッファ５のメモリ容量は、表示画面Ａと表示画面Ｂのうちの小さい方の画面全体の画素データを記憶するだけのメモリ容量よりも小さくてよい。 The line depth buffer 5 is an example of a buffer that stores pixel data included in an image displayed on the display screen of each display device. The line depth buffer 5 includes at least data including depth information of each pixel included in at least one divided area of the display screen A and depth information of each pixel included in at least one divided area of the display screen B. It is a memory circuit having a capacity capable of storing data including it. Note that when one divided region includes a plurality of scanning lines, the line depth buffer 5 also has a capacity capable of storing pixel data of each scanning line included in the divided regions. The line depth buffer 5 may have a memory capacity capable of storing pixel data of the entire number of scanning lines that is the same as the number of scanning lines included in the divided area for both the display screen A and the display screen B. . However, the memory capacity of the line depth buffer 5 may be smaller than the memory capacity for storing the pixel data of the entire smaller one of the display screen A and the display screen B.
　ラインバッファ６－１及びラインバッファ６－２は、各表示装置の表示画面に表示される画像に含まれる画素のデータとを格納するバッファの他の一例である。ラインバッファ６－１は、表示装置１１に表示される画像の画素データを記憶するメモリ回路である。またラインバッファ６－２は、表示装置１２に表示される画像の画素データを記憶するメモリ回路である。そしてラインバッファ６－１は、少なくとも、表示画面Ａに表示される画像データのうちの１本の走査線に含まれる各画素のデータを記憶するメモリ容量を持つ。同様に、ラインバッファ６－２は、少なくとも、表示画面Ｂに表示される画像データのうちの１本の走査線に含まれる各画素のデータを記憶するメモリ容量を持つ。 The line buffer 6-1 and the line buffer 6-2 are other examples of buffers that store pixel data included in an image displayed on the display screen of each display device. The line buffer 6-1 is a memory circuit that stores pixel data of an image displayed on the display device 11. The line buffer 6-2 is a memory circuit that stores pixel data of an image displayed on the display device 12. The line buffer 6-1 has at least a memory capacity for storing data of each pixel included in one scanning line of the image data displayed on the display screen A. Similarly, the line buffer 6-2 has at least a memory capacity for storing data of each pixel included in one scanning line in the image data displayed on the display screen B.
　表示回路７－１は、画像生成部４から受け取った画素データを表示装置１１に表示させる。また表示回路７－２は、画像生成部４から受け取った画素データを表示装置１２に表示させる。 The display circuit 7-1 displays the pixel data received from the image generation unit 4 on the display device 11. The display circuit 7-2 displays the pixel data received from the image generation unit 4 on the display device 12.
　図１０は、描画装置１により実行される描画処理の動作フローチャートである。
　座標変換部２の頂点座標変換部２２は、各表示画面について、描画命令に含まれる、各表示画面に表示させる３次元図形の各頂点の３次元座標を投影変換して、表示画面上の２次元座標に変換する（ステップＳ１０１）。そして座標変換部２の図形情報生成部２３は、各表示画面について、表示画面上の各頂点から表示される図形の情報を表す図形情報を求める（ステップＳ１０２）。 FIG. 10 is an operation flowchart of a drawing process executed by the drawing apparatus 1.
The vertex coordinate conversion unit 22 of the coordinate conversion unit 2 projects and converts the three-dimensional coordinates of each vertex of the three-dimensional figure to be displayed on each display screen included in the drawing command for each display screen. Conversion into dimensional coordinates (step S101). Then, the graphic information generation unit 23 of the coordinate conversion unit 2 obtains graphic information representing graphic information displayed from each vertex on the display screen for each display screen (step S102).
　選択部３の描画比率算出部３１は、各表示画面のサイズと表示画面のフレームレートに基づいて、同一期間に表示される画像から得られる分割領域の数が表示画面間で同一となるように各表示画面における横方向の分割数を算出する（ステップＳ１０３）。また、選択部３の描画領域判定部３２は、各図形情報について、その図形情報が表す図形が含まれる分割領域を特定する（ステップＳ１０４）。 Based on the size of each display screen and the frame rate of the display screen, the drawing ratio calculation unit 31 of the selection unit 3 ensures that the number of divided areas obtained from images displayed in the same period is the same between the display screens. The number of horizontal divisions on each display screen is calculated (step S103). In addition, the drawing area determination unit 32 of the selection unit 3 specifies, for each piece of graphic information, a divided region that includes the graphic represented by the graphic information (step S104).
　画像生成部４の頂点座標変換部４２は、各表示画面について、描画命令に含まれる、各表示画面に表示させる３次元図形の各頂点の３次元座標を投影変換して、表示画面上の２次元座標に変換する（ステップＳ１０５）。そして画像生成部４の図形情報生成部４３は、各表示画面について、表示画面上の各頂点から表示される図形の情報を表す図形情報を求める（ステップＳ１０６）。 The vertex coordinate conversion unit 42 of the image generation unit 4 projects and converts the three-dimensional coordinates of each vertex of the three-dimensional figure to be displayed on each display screen included in the drawing command for each display screen. Conversion into dimensional coordinates is performed (step S105). Then, the graphic information generating unit 43 of the image generating unit 4 obtains graphic information representing the graphic information displayed from each vertex on the display screen for each display screen (step S106).
　画像生成部４の画素所属判定部４４は、各表示画面の分割領域ごとに、各図形の図形情報に基づいて、各画素が属する図形を特定する（ステップＳ１０７）。そして画像生成部４の画素データ生成部４５は、各表示画面の分割領域ごとに、図形に含まれる各画素の輝度及び色といった画素データを算出する（ステップＳ１０８）。 The pixel affiliation determination unit 44 of the image generation unit 4 specifies the graphic to which each pixel belongs for each divided area of each display screen based on the graphic information of each graphic (step S107). Then, the pixel data generation unit 45 of the image generation unit 4 calculates pixel data such as the luminance and color of each pixel included in the graphic for each divided area of each display screen (step S108).
　画像生成部４のバッファ制御部４７は、各表示画面の分割領域ごとに、その分割領域に含まれる各画素のデータが格納されるアドレスを計算する（ステップＳ１０９）。そしてバッファ制御部４７は、画素データ生成部４５から受け取った、表示画面Ａの分割領域の各画素のデータと表示画面Ｂの分割領域の各画素データとをラインデプスバッファ５の対応するアドレスに交互に格納する（ステップＳ１１０）。 The buffer control unit 47 of the image generation unit 4 calculates, for each divided area of each display screen, an address where the data of each pixel included in the divided area is stored (step S109). Then, the buffer control unit 47 alternately receives the data of each pixel of the divided area of the display screen A and the pixel data of the divided area of the display screen B received from the pixel data generating unit 45 at the corresponding addresses of the line depth buffer 5. (Step S110).
　画像生成部４の除去部４６は、各表示画面の分割領域ごとに、図形ごとの各画素のデータのうち、表示画面に描画されない画素データを除去する（ステップＳ１１１）。そしてバッファ制御部４７は、除去部４６から受け取った各画素のデータをラインバッファ６－１または６－２の対応するアドレスに格納する（ステップＳ１１２）。 The removal unit 46 of the image generation unit 4 removes pixel data not drawn on the display screen from the data of each pixel for each figure for each divided region of each display screen (step S111). Then, the buffer control unit 47 stores the data of each pixel received from the removal unit 46 at the corresponding address of the line buffer 6-1 or 6-2 (step S112).
　画像生成部４の表示データ制御部４８は、バッファ制御部４７からラインバッファ６－１または６－２についての書込み完了信号を受け取る度に、そのラインバッファから画素データを読み出して、表示回路へ出力する（ステップＳ１１３）。そして描画装置１は、描画処理を終了する。 Each time the display data control unit 48 of the image generation unit 4 receives a write completion signal for the line buffer 6-1 or 6-2 from the buffer control unit 47, it reads out the pixel data from the line buffer and outputs it to the display circuit. (Step S113). Then, the drawing apparatus 1 ends the drawing process.
　以上に説明してきたように、この描画装置は、複数の表示画面のそれぞれについて、一定期間内に表示される各画像を分割して得られる分割領域の数が、各表示画面間で同一となるように、各表示画面における横方向の分割数を決定する。さらに、この描画装置は、一方の表示画面についての一つの分割領域の画素データと他方の表示画面についての一つの分割領域の画素データとを、交互にラインデプスバッファに格納する。そのため、この描画装置は、表示画面のサイズよりも小さいサイズのメモリ容量を持つラインデプスバッファ及びラインバッファを用いて、複数の表示装置に画像を描画することができる。 As described above, in this drawing apparatus, the number of divided areas obtained by dividing each image displayed within a certain period for each of the plurality of display screens is the same between the display screens. As described above, the number of horizontal divisions in each display screen is determined. Further, the drawing apparatus alternately stores pixel data of one divided region for one display screen and pixel data of one divided region for the other display screen in a line depth buffer. Therefore, this drawing device can draw an image on a plurality of display devices using a line depth buffer and a line buffer having a memory capacity smaller than the size of the display screen.
　なお、この描画装置では、表示画面Ａの縦横比と表示画面Ｂの縦横比は、整数倍でなくてもよい。 In this drawing apparatus, the aspect ratio of the display screen A and the aspect ratio of the display screen B may not be an integral multiple.
　図１１は、一方の表示装置の表示画面の縦横比が他方の表示装置の表示画面の縦横比の整数倍でない場合の一例を示す図である。この例では、表示装置１１の表示画面１１０１（表示画面Ａ）では、１画面あたりの走査線数が１２であり、各走査線の画素数、すなわち、横方向の画素数が１６であるとする。一方、表示装置１２の表示画面１１０２（表示画面Ｂ）では、１画面あたりの走査線数が８であり、各走査線の画素数、すなわち、横方向の画素数が８であるとする。また、表示画面１１０１のフレームレートは３０回／秒であり、表示画面１１０２のフレームレートは６０回／秒であるとする。この場合、（１）式より、右辺が３／４となる。そのため、表示画面Ａについては、横方向の分割数は４となり、表示画面Ｂについては、横方向の分割数は３となる。そのため、表示画面Ａに表示される画像は、走査線ごとに、分割領域１～分割領域４に分割され、表示画面Ｂに表示される画像は、走査線ごとに、分割領域１～分割領域３に分割される。 FIG. 11 is a diagram showing an example in which the aspect ratio of the display screen of one display device is not an integer multiple of the aspect ratio of the display screen of the other display device. In this example, on the display screen 1101 (display screen A) of the display device 11, the number of scanning lines per screen is 12, and the number of pixels of each scanning line, that is, the number of pixels in the horizontal direction is 16. . On the other hand, on the display screen 1102 (display screen B) of the display device 12, the number of scanning lines per screen is 8, and the number of pixels of each scanning line, that is, the number of pixels in the horizontal direction is 8. The frame rate of the display screen 1101 is 30 times / second, and the frame rate of the display screen 1102 is 60 times / second. In this case, the right side is 3/4 from the equation (1). Therefore, the number of divisions in the horizontal direction is 4 for the display screen A, and the number of divisions in the horizontal direction is 3 for the display screen B. Therefore, the image displayed on the display screen A is divided into divided areas 1 to 4 for each scanning line, and the image displayed on the display screen B is divided into divided areas 1 to 3 for each scanning line. It is divided into.
　図１２は、図１１に示された例における、ラインデプスバッファ５に格納される分割領域の順序を示す図である。この例では、表示画面Ａは横方向について４分割され、表示画面Ｂは横方向について３分割されている。そこで先ず、表示画面Ａの一番上の走査線の分割領域１に含まれる画素データ１２０１がラインデプスバッファ５に格納される。次に、表示画面Ｂの一番上の走査線の分割領域１に含まれる画素データ１２０２がラインデプスバッファ５に格納される。３番目に、表示画面Ａの一番上の走査線の分割領域２に含まれる画素データ１２０３がラインデプスバッファ５に格納される。４番目に、表示画面Ｂの一番上の走査線の分割領域２に含まれる画素データ１２０４がラインデプスバッファ５に格納される。このように、表示画面Ａの分割領域の画素データと表示画面Ｂの分割領域の画素データが交互にラインデプスバッファ５に格納される。 FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the order of the divided areas stored in the line depth buffer 5 in the example shown in FIG. In this example, the display screen A is divided into four in the horizontal direction, and the display screen B is divided into three in the horizontal direction. Therefore, first, the pixel data 1201 included in the divided area 1 of the scanning line on the top of the display screen A is stored in the line depth buffer 5. Next, pixel data 1202 included in the divided area 1 of the scanning line on the top of the display screen B is stored in the line depth buffer 5. Third, pixel data 1203 included in the divided region 2 of the uppermost scanning line on the display screen A is stored in the line depth buffer 5. Fourth, pixel data 1204 included in the divided region 2 of the uppermost scanning line on the display screen B is stored in the line depth buffer 5. Thus, the pixel data of the divided area of the display screen A and the pixel data of the divided area of the display screen B are alternately stored in the line depth buffer 5.
　なお、変形例によれば、ラインデプスバッファ５は、表示画面Ａの横方向サイズと表示画面Ｂの横方向サイズの合計に相当する画素のデータを格納できる容量を持っていてもよい。この場合には、バッファ制御部４７は、表示画面Ａまたは表示画面Ｂについて、１本の走査線分の画素データの書込みを終了すると、除去部４６に１本の走査線分の画素データを渡してもよい。そして除去部４６は、１本の走査線分の画素データをラインバッファ６－１または６－２に書き込んでもよい。 According to the modification, the line depth buffer 5 may have a capacity capable of storing pixel data corresponding to the sum of the horizontal size of the display screen A and the horizontal size of the display screen B. In this case, when the buffer control unit 47 finishes writing the pixel data for one scanning line for the display screen A or the display screen B, it passes the pixel data for one scanning line to the removal unit 46. May be. Then, the removal unit 46 may write pixel data for one scanning line into the line buffer 6-1 or 6-2.
　また他の変形例によれば、各表示画面に表示される画像の画素データの作成方法は、上記の実施例以外の方法により作成されてもよい。画素データ生成部４５は、画素データを、例えば、２次元のグラフィックスデータあるいは写真などの画像情報などに基づいて作成してもよい。この場合には、画素データ生成部４５により作成された時点でも、画素データには奥行情報が無いので、ラインデプスバッファまたはラインバッファの何れかが省略されてもよい。ラインデプスバッファが省略される場合には、バッファ制御部４７は、表示画面Ａの各画素データを、ラインバッファ６－１の（４）式により計算したアドレスに格納すればよい。同様に、バッファ制御部４７は、表示画面Ｂの各画素データを、ラインバッファ６－２の（４）式により計算したアドレスに格納すればよい。またこの場合も、バッファ制御部４７は、表示画面Ａの分割領域の画素データと、表示画面Ｂの分割領域の画素データとを、ラインバッファに交互に格納すればよい。 According to another modification, the pixel data of the image displayed on each display screen may be created by a method other than the above embodiment. The pixel data generation unit 45 may create pixel data based on, for example, two-dimensional graphics data or image information such as a photograph. In this case, since there is no depth information in the pixel data even when it is created by the pixel data generation unit 45, either the line depth buffer or the line buffer may be omitted. When the line depth buffer is omitted, the buffer control unit 47 may store each pixel data of the display screen A at the address calculated by the equation (4) of the line buffer 6-1. Similarly, the buffer control unit 47 may store each pixel data of the display screen B at the address calculated by the equation (4) of the line buffer 6-2. Also in this case, the buffer control unit 47 may store the pixel data of the divided area of the display screen A and the pixel data of the divided area of the display screen B alternately in the line buffer.
　なお、描画装置１の座標変換部２、選択部３及び画像生成部４の機能をプロセッサ上で実行可能なコンピュータプログラムは、磁気記録媒体あるいは光記録媒体といった、コンピュータによって読み取り可能な媒体に記録された形で提供されてもよい。ただし、そのような記録媒体には、搬送波は含まれない。 The computer program capable of executing the functions of the coordinate conversion unit 2, the selection unit 3, and the image generation unit 4 of the drawing apparatus 1 on the processor is recorded on a computer-readable medium such as a magnetic recording medium or an optical recording medium. It may be provided in the form. However, such a recording medium does not include a carrier wave.
　ここに挙げられた全ての例及び特定の用語は、読者が、本発明及び当該技術の促進に対する本発明者により寄与された概念を理解することを助ける、教示的な目的において意図されたものであり、本発明の優位性及び劣等性を示すことに関する、本明細書の如何なる例の構成、そのような特定の挙げられた例及び条件に限定しないように解釈されるべきものである。本発明の実施形態は詳細に説明されているが、本発明の精神及び範囲から外れることなく、様々な変更、置換及び修正をこれに加えることが可能であることを理解されたい。 All examples and specific terms listed herein are intended for instructional purposes to help the reader understand the concepts contributed by the inventor to the present invention and the promotion of the technology. It should be construed that it is not limited to the construction of any example herein, such specific examples and conditions, with respect to showing the superiority and inferiority of the present invention. Although embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and modifications can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
　１　　描画装置
　２　　座標変換部
　２１　　読み出し部
　２２　　頂点座標変換部
　２３　　図形情報生成部
　２４　　除去部
　３　　選択部
　３１　　描画比率算出部
　３２　　描画領域判定部（分割部）
　３３　　記憶部
　３４　　読み出し制御部
　４　　画像生成部
　４１　　読み出し部
　４２　　頂点座標変換部
　４３　　図形情報生成部
　４４　　画素所属判定部
　４５　　画素データ生成部
　４６　　除去部
　４７　　バッファ制御部
　４８　　表示データ制御部
　５　　ラインデプスバッファ
　６－１、６－２　　ラインバッファ
　７－１、７－２　　表示回路
　１０　　メモリ回路
　１１、１２　　表示装置 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Drawing apparatus 2 Coordinate conversion part 21 Reading part 22 Vertex coordinate conversion part 23 Graphic information generation part 24 Removal part 3 Selection part 31 Drawing ratio calculation part 32 Drawing area determination part (division part)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 33 Memory | storage part 34 Reading control part 4 Image generation part 41 Reading part 42 Vertex coordinate conversion part 43 Graphic information generation part 44 Pixel affiliation determination part 45 Pixel data generation part 46 Removal part 47 Buffer control part 48 Display data control part 5 Line depth buffer 6-1, 6-2 Line buffer 7-1, 7-2 Display circuit 10 Memory circuit 11, 12 Display device

Claims (6)

  1. 　第１の表示装置の第１の表示画面に表示される画像に含まれる画素のデータと第２の表示装置の第２の表示画面に表示される画像に含まれる画素のデータとを格納するバッファと、
    　所定期間に前記第１の表示画面に表示される１以上の画像を複数の第１の分割領域に分割して得られる該第１の分割領域の数と前記所定期間に前記第２の表示画面に表示される１以上の画像を複数の第２の分割領域に分割して得られる該第２の分割領域の数とが等しくなるように、前記第１の表示画面の走査方向における分割数と前記第２の表示画面の走査方向における分割数を算出する描画比率算出部と、
    　前記第１の表示画面の走査方向における前記分割数に応じて前記第１の表示画面に表示される画像を前記複数の第１の分割領域に分割し、前記第２の表示画面の走査方向における前記分割数に応じて前記第２の表示画面に表示される画像を前記複数の第２の分割領域に分割する分割部と、
    　前記第１の分割領域の各画素のデータと前記第２の分割領域の各画素のデータとを前記バッファに交互に格納するバッファ制御部と、
    を有する描画装置。     A buffer for storing pixel data included in an image displayed on the first display screen of the first display device and pixel data included in an image displayed on the second display screen of the second display device When,
    The number of the first divided areas obtained by dividing one or more images displayed on the first display screen in a predetermined period into a plurality of first divided areas, and the second display screen in the predetermined period The number of divisions in the scanning direction of the first display screen so that the number of the second divided areas obtained by dividing one or more images displayed on the screen into a plurality of second divided areas is equal. A drawing ratio calculating unit for calculating the number of divisions in the scanning direction of the second display screen;
    An image displayed on the first display screen is divided into the plurality of first divided areas according to the number of divisions in the scanning direction of the first display screen, and the second display screen in the scanning direction is divided. A dividing unit that divides an image displayed on the second display screen into the plurality of second divided regions according to the number of divisions;
    A buffer control unit that alternately stores data of each pixel in the first divided region and data of each pixel in the second divided region in the buffer;
    A drawing apparatus.
  2. 　前記描画比率算出部は、前記第２の表示画面の走査線の本数に前記第２の表示画面のフレームレートを乗じた値に対する、前記第１の表示画面の走査線の本数に前記第１の表示画面のフレームレートを乗じた値の比と、前記第１の表示画面の走査方向における前記分割数に対する、前記第２の表示画面の走査方向における前記分割数の比とが等しくなるように、前記第１の表示画面の走査方向における前記分割数と前記第２の表示画面の走査方向における前記分割数とを決定する、請求項１に記載の描画装置。 The drawing ratio calculation unit calculates the number of scanning lines on the first display screen to a value obtained by multiplying the number of scanning lines on the second display screen by the frame rate of the second display screen. The ratio of the value multiplied by the frame rate of the display screen is equal to the ratio of the number of divisions in the scanning direction of the second display screen to the number of divisions in the scanning direction of the first display screen. The drawing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the number of divisions in the scanning direction of the first display screen and the number of divisions in the scanning direction of the second display screen are determined.
  3. 　前記バッファは、前記複数の第１の分割領域のうちの一つと前記複数の第２の分割領域のうちの一つとを記憶できるメモリ容量を持ち、
    　前記バッファ制御部は、前記第１の表示画面の走査方向における前記分割数で前記第１の表示画面の横方向のサイズを除した値に相当する第１のアドレス以降の前記バッファのアドレスに、前記複数の第２の分割領域のうちの前記一つの各画素のデータを格納し、一方、前記第１のアドレスよりも前の前記バッファのアドレスに、前記複数の第１の分割領域のうちの前記一つの各画素のデータを格納する、請求項１または２に記載の描画装置。     The buffer has a memory capacity capable of storing one of the plurality of first divided regions and one of the plurality of second divided regions;
    The buffer control unit has an address of the buffer after the first address corresponding to a value obtained by dividing the horizontal size of the first display screen by the number of divisions in the scanning direction of the first display screen. The data of each pixel of the plurality of second divided areas is stored, while the address of the buffer before the first address is stored in the buffer of the plurality of first divided areas. The drawing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein data of each pixel is stored.
  4. 　前記第１の分割領域に含まれる各画素のデータと前記第２の分割領域に含まれる各画素のデータとを交互に生成する画素データ生成部をさらに有する、請求項１～３の何れか一項に記載の描画装置。 4. The pixel data generation unit according to claim 1, further comprising a pixel data generation unit that alternately generates data of each pixel included in the first divided region and data of each pixel included in the second divided region. The drawing device according to item.
  5. 　所定期間に第１の表示装置の第１の表示画面に表示される１以上の画像を複数の第１の分割領域に分割して得られる該第１の分割領域の数と前記所定期間に第２の表示装置の第２の表示画面に表示される１以上の画像を複数の第２の分割領域に分割して得られる該第２の分割領域の数とが等しくなるように、前記第１の表示画面の走査方向における分割数と前記第２の表示画面の走査方向における分割数を算出し、
    　前記第１の表示画面の走査方向における前記分割数に応じて前記第１の表示画面に表示される画像を前記複数の第１の分割領域に分割し、前記第２の表示画面の走査方向における前記分割数に応じて前記第２の表示画面に表示される画像を前記複数の第２の分割領域に分割し、
    　前記第１の分割領域の各画素のデータと前記第２の分割領域の各画素のデータとを、前記第１の表示画面に表示される画像に含まれる画素のデータと前記第２の表示画面に表示される画像に含まれる画素のデータとを格納するバッファに交互に格納する、
    ことを含む描画方法。     The number of the first divided areas obtained by dividing one or more images displayed on the first display screen of the first display device in a predetermined period into a plurality of first divided areas and the first image in the predetermined period. The first divided image obtained by dividing one or more images displayed on the second display screen of the second display device into a plurality of second divided regions is equal to the number of the second divided regions. Calculating the number of divisions in the scanning direction of the display screen and the number of divisions in the scanning direction of the second display screen,
    An image displayed on the first display screen is divided into the plurality of first divided areas according to the number of divisions in the scanning direction of the first display screen, and the second display screen in the scanning direction is divided. Dividing the image displayed on the second display screen according to the number of divisions into the plurality of second divided regions;
    Data of each pixel in the first divided area and data of each pixel in the second divided area, pixel data included in the image displayed on the first display screen, and the second display screen Alternately store in a buffer storing pixel data contained in the image displayed on
    A drawing method including that.
  6. 　所定期間に第１の表示装置の第１の表示画面に表示される１以上の画像を複数の第１の分割領域に分割して得られる該第１の分割領域の数と前記所定期間に第２の表示装置の第２の表示画面に表示される１以上の画像を複数の第２の分割領域に分割して得られる該第２の分割領域の数とが等しくなるように、前記第１の表示画面の走査方向における分割数と前記第２の表示画面の走査方向における分割数を算出し、
    　前記第１の表示画面の走査方向における前記分割数に応じて前記第１の表示画面に表示される画像を前記複数の第１の分割領域に分割し、前記第２の表示画面の走査方向における前記分割数に応じて前記第２の表示画面に表示される画像を前記複数の第２の分割領域に分割し、
    　前記第１の分割領域の各画素のデータと前記第２の分割領域の各画素のデータとを、前記第１の表示画面に表示される画像に含まれる画素のデータと前記第２の表示画面に表示される画像に含まれる画素のデータとを格納するバッファに交互に格納する、
    ことをコンピュータに実行させるための描画用コンピュータプログラム。     The number of the first divided areas obtained by dividing one or more images displayed on the first display screen of the first display device in a predetermined period into a plurality of first divided areas and the first image in the predetermined period. The first divided image obtained by dividing one or more images displayed on the second display screen of the second display device into a plurality of second divided regions is equal to the number of the second divided regions. Calculating the number of divisions in the scanning direction of the display screen and the number of divisions in the scanning direction of the second display screen,
    An image displayed on the first display screen is divided into the plurality of first divided areas according to the number of divisions in the scanning direction of the first display screen, and the second display screen in the scanning direction is divided. Dividing the image displayed on the second display screen according to the number of divisions into the plurality of second divided regions;
    Data of each pixel in the first divided area and data of each pixel in the second divided area, pixel data included in the image displayed on the first display screen, and the second display screen Alternately store in a buffer storing pixel data contained in the image displayed on
    A computer program for drawing for causing a computer to execute the above-described process.
PCT/JP2014/063090 2014-05-16 2014-05-16 Drawing device, drawing method, and computer program for drawing WO2015173954A1 (en)

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