Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
  • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
  • H01T4/02—Details
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
  • H02G13/00—Installations of lightning conductors; Fastening thereof to supporting structure

Definitions

• the present invention relates to protective fittings installed on electrical equipment, in particular, on insulators or strings of insulators, designed to protect against arcing and / or corona discharge and / or to equalize the distribution of voltage across the insulator or string of insulators.
• the present invention also relates to arresters for protecting electrical equipment from lightning surges. Such devices can protect, for example, high-voltage installations, insulators and other elements of high-voltage power lines, as well as electrical equipment. State of the art
• WO2010082861 describes an arrester for lightning protection of elements of an electrical equipment or power line, comprising an insulating body configured to mechanically fasten to an element of an electrical equipment or power line, two main electrodes mechanically coupled to the insulating body, and two or more intermediate electrodes mechanically coupled to an insulating body located between the main electrodes with the possibility of forming a discharge between the main electrodes and adjacent to E intermediate electrodes and between adjacent intermediate electrodes
• the specified arrester successfully performs the role of protection against lightning discharges, however, they do not significantly affect the alignment of the voltage distribution along the string of insulators or the distribution of electric field strength along polymer insulators and, accordingly, does not protect the elements of the electrical installation or power line from corona discharges.
• the problem that the present invention solves is the creation of a reliable and low cost device in the manufacture of which provides protection of electrical components or power lines from lightning surges, as well as provides improving the distribution of electric field strength near these elements of electrical installations or power lines on which it is installed.
• the object of the invention is to provide a device that combines the properties of a spark gap and a screen.
• the objective of the present invention is solved by using a spark gap for lightning protection of electrical components or power lines, containing an insulating body, made with the possibility of mechanical fastening on a component of electrical equipment or power lines with at least partial bending of at least one element of electrical equipment or power lines .
• the arrester also contains two main electrodes mechanically connected to the insulating body and two or more intermediate electrodes mechanically connected to the insulating body located between the main electrodes along the insulating body with the possibility of forming a discharge between the main electrodes and adjacent intermediate electrodes and between adjacent intermediate electrodes.
• the envelope of an electric equipment element or power line by an insulating body is advantageously provided with a gap between the insulating body, electrodes and other elements of the arrester, and the electric equipment or power line element in the envelope.
• the part of the circle or sphere in which the bending element of the electrical equipment or power line is insulated by an insulating body is an angle of up to 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330 or 360 degrees inclusive.
• the at least one main electrode comprises a tap extending or extending from the surface of the insulating body.
• the intermediate electrodes are preferably arranged with mutual displacement, at least along the insulating body.
• the arrester comprises fastening means on an element of electrical equipment or a power line.
• discharge chambers may be provided between the intermediate electrodes and the main electrodes and / or between the intermediate electrodes.
• the intermediate electrodes may be coated with an insulation layer, and discharge chambers extending between the adjacent intermediate electrodes extending to the surface of the insulation layer.
• the main electrodes are at least partially also covered with a layer of insulation, and between the intermediate electrodes and the main electrodes are made discharge chambers that extend to the surface of the insulation layer.
• the bending stiffness coefficient of the insulating body is at least 1 N / m, 10 N / m, 25 N / m, 50 N / m, 75 N / m, 100 N / m, 200 N / m, 300 N / m, 400 N / m, 500 N / m or 1000 N / m.
• the objective of the present invention is also solved by means of a power line containing supports with insulators, at least one electrically conductive wire connected to the insulators by means of fastening devices, and at least one spark gap for lightning protection of electrical components or power lines.
• a distinctive feature of such a power line is the implementation of the arrester according to any of the above options.
• the specified arrester can be mounted on the insulator using fastening means, and the discharge voltage between the main electrodes and the intermediate electrodes is preferably less than the discharge voltage between the main electrodes and the elements of electrical equipment or power lines.
• Achievable technical result is a reduction in the cost of ensuring the reliability of electrical installations or power lines due to the fact that the arrester, which protects the elements of electrical installations or power lines from lightning surges, also improves the structure of the electric field around these elements, that is, it performs the functions of a screen. This allows you to abandon the use of additional devices designed to improve the distribution of electric field strength around elements of electrical installations protected from lightning discharges, power lines, electrical insulators or insulator strings, since the arrester has the ability to be installed on almost any device.
• An additional technical result is the provision of a device for lightning protection, having the convenience of installation on power lines or in electrical installations.
• the technical result of the invention is to increase the voltage of the occurrence of a corona discharge on the surface of the screen due to the fact that the electrodes are usually mounted on the outer surface of the screen, remote from the protected elements, which leads to a decrease in the electric field due to a longer distribution in space electric field strength.
• this also reduces the likelihood of a corona discharge due to the presence of an insulation layer over the metal base of the screen.
• the level of radio interference from the power line is significantly reduced.
• thanks to the combination of the screen and the arrester it is possible to reduce the space occupied by these elements, since now one device, and not two, performs the functions of the screen and the arrester.
• FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a spark gap in accordance with the present invention.
• FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of a spark gap in accordance with the present invention.
• FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a power line with surge arrester shields mounted on a polymer insulator in accordance with the present invention.
• FIG. 4 shows a variant of the installation for determining the bending stiffness coefficient of the dielectric element of the arrester in the initial state.
• FIG. 5 shows an installation option for determining a bending stiffness coefficient of a dielectric element of a spark gap in a state of applied bending force.
• FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a spark gap in accordance with the present invention.
• the arrester for lightning protection of elements of electrical equipment or power lines is made in the form of a screen for leveling the electric field near (in the vicinity) of the element of electrical equipment or power lines.
• the arrester is an insulating body 2, made with the possibility of mechanical fastening on the specified or adjacent element of electrical equipment or power lines using mainly solid dielectric.
• the fastening can be provided in various ways, for example, by shape insulating body at the attachment point, for example, straight, curved, annular, spiral, etc.
• the insulating body may have protrusions / recesses / holes for fixing using mating fasteners or mating parts of an element of electrical equipment or power lines.
• FIG. 1 it contains ends 1 with female parts 3, which can be used to fix the arrester to an element of an electric equipment or power line by fixing the ends of the insulating body relative to each other or providing, for example, coverage of an element of an electric equipment or power line with fixation due to elastic forces.
• the ends of the insulating body may be rectilinear, and the element of electrical equipment or power lines, for example, may include fastening means that fixes the screen at the ends 1.
• the screen has sufficient mechanical strength (rigidity).
• Mechanical strength rigidity
• the strength / rigidity of the screen can be provided, for example, due to the mechanical properties of the elongated conductor and / or the insulation layer applied to it.
• the insulating body may contain a stiffening element, for example, in the form of a rigid rod located in one embodiment along the insulating body, for example, inside the insulating body.
• the stiffening element is designed to provide the necessary strength properties of the arrester screen, in particular, to maintain the shape of the arrester screen and to provide the necessary stiffness of the product as a whole.
• the specified stiffener can be made in the form of a dielectric, for example, polymer, element providing the necessary resistance to deformation of the screen-discharger under the action of gravity in the installed state, under the action of forces applied by other elements of the power line (for example, accidental contact of wires), when exposed wind and / or rain, as well as animals, birds, people, or other factors, such as storage or transportation conditions, that may deform the arrester screen.
• the stiffening element can be made using metal, provided that sufficient strength and / or stiffness is provided, and also if there is no electrical shortage of the intermediate electrodes, or, preferably, if there is no electrical contact between the stiffness element and the intermediate electrodes.
• the implementation of the insulating body may contain an elastic element, for example, in the form of an elastic rod located in one embodiment along the insulating body, for example, inside the insulating body.
• the elastic element is designed to provide the elastic properties of the arrester screen, that is, the ability to restore its shape after the action of the forces that have deformed the arrester screen.
• the elastic element also allows to reduce deformation during the action of deforming forces.
• the elastic element can be made using both dielectric materials, for example, polymers, and metallic materials, provided that the elasticity necessary to restore the shape of the arrester screen after the cessation of the deformation effect and / or to reduce the amount of deformation during the deformation effect is provided.
• the elastic element is made using metal, then the absence of electrical closure of the intermediate electrodes and, mainly, the absence of electrical contact of the elastic element with the intermediate electrodes should be ensured.
• the insulating body itself can provide the necessary strength and / or elastic properties and / or the necessary rigidity.
• FIG. 2 shows a variant of a spark gap comprising means 7 for fastening a spark gap to an element of electrical equipment or a power line.
• These means 7 are installed on the rod elements inserted into the ends of the insulating body 2 and allow using a bolt, screw, clamp or other connection to compress elements of the means 7 of the electrical equipment or power line, thereby fixing the screen on this element.
• Such a simple fastening of the arrester in accordance with the present invention provides its convenient placement on the element of the electrical installation or power line.
• the insulating body 2 is made with the possibility of at least partial bending (covering) of the element of electrical equipment or power lines on which it will be installed, or lines, passing, for example, along the specified element of electrical equipment or power lines.
• the envelope is predominantly provided by the shape of the insulating body and / or the possibility of such placement on / near the element of the electrical equipment or power line, in which the specified element of the electrical equipment or power line is surrounded at least in part of a circle or solid angle by the insulating body.
• At least a part of the insulating body can be in the form of a circle / circle / ellipse / toroid or can be a sector of a circle / circle / ellipse / toroid, while the envelope / girth is considered such a configuration when the protected element or a line running, for example, along the element to be protected, is located inside a circle / circle / ellipse / toroid or sector of a circle / circle / ellipse / toroid (preferably in the geometric center).
• At least a part of the insulating body may take the form of a parabola, hyperbola and any other curve of the second or more order of the required size .
• the envelope is preferably carried out in a plane perpendicular to the main direction of the longitudinal element of the electrical installation or transmission line, however, instead of the right angle between the indicated direction and the plane, there may be other angles (up to 15.30.40, 0.60, 75.80.85 degrees or any angle in the range, for example, from 30 to 90 degrees) or the envelope can occur not in a plane, but be curved.
• the part of the circle or solid angle (s) in which the electrical element or power line is bent around by the insulating body is preferably at least 180 degrees and can be up to 210, 240, 270, 300, 330 or 360 degrees (inclusive) or any range compiled using the specified values (for example, 180-360 degrees or other).
• the angle is mainly determined based on the location of the shield or the location of the element of electrical equipment or power lines, to adjust the distribution of the electric field around which the screen is intended.
• the place of the beginning of the corner can be defined as the intersection of this plane with the protected element of the electrical equipment or power line (its center point or axis) or as the point on the plane farthest from all parts of the screen (if screen in the form of a disk or circle, this will be the center of the disk or circle).
• the electrodes on the screen can occupy a smaller angle than the insulating body.
• the part of the circle or solid angle in which the electrical element or power line is bent around by the insulating body can be less than 180 degrees depending on the electric field (for example, its strength indicator), which must be changed, and can be up to or more than 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 or 180 degrees (inclusive) or any range compiled using the specified values (for example, 30-180 degrees or another).
• the envelope of the insulating body departs from the specified element by a certain distance and does not adjoin the element ( Naturally, the part of the insulating body used for fastening will be adjacent to the element on which it is attached).
• the screen has a round shape, but there may be other screen configurations, for example, in the form of a sector, ellipse, and other shapes.
• the arrester comprises two main electrodes 4 and 9 mounted on an insulating body 2 (i.e., mechanically connected to it).
• the spark gap contains two or more intermediate electrodes 5, also mounted on the insulating body 2 between the main electrodes 4 and 9. It is provided that between the main electrodes and adjacent intermediate electrodes it is possible to form an electric discharge, and between adjacent intermediate electrodes is also provided the possibility of forming an electric discharge. The possibility of electric discharge is provided, mainly, by placing the electrodes at a distance sufficient for the electrical breakdown of such a discharge gap. To ensure that the intermediate electrodes are placed between the main electrodes on a curved or curved insulating body, as shown in FIG. 1, 2, the intermediate electrodes may be arranged with mutual displacement, at least along the longitudinal direction of the insulating body.
• one or more main electrodes may contain a tap (protrusion), departing from the surface of the insulating body (that is, away from the insulating body in any direction, mainly to the side or parallel to the element of the electrical equipment or power line on which the arrester is mounted).
• a tap is intended for a more convenient supply / removal of overvoltage to / from the arrester by forming a discharge gap sufficient for breakdown, that is, by reducing the distance between the electrodes and / or objects with which the spark discharge is carried out, to reduce the discharge voltage and increase the probability of discharge it is through those discharge gaps that form the protrusions.
• a tap can be used to connect to protected or grounded elements using conductors, for example, wires, cables, cables, etc.
• the arrester of the present invention also functions as a screen, it can be called a screen-arrester or screen.
• the arrester screen becomes more adapted to perform this function if the electrodes are extended, for example, along an insulating body.
• the insulating body contains metal rods inside, then these rods due to capacitive coupling with the electrical installation or power line will also affect the distribution of the electric field and the arrester will act as a screen.
• the electrodes on the insulating body can be installed in an arbitrary location (while allowing electric discharges between the electrodes under the action of overvoltage), this provides an additional degree of freedom in improving the structure of the electric field around the element of the transmission line or electrical installation, on which near which a spark gap is installed in accordance with the present invention, that is, it is possible to change the structure of the electric field to a large extent, in different forms, directions, parts, and more precisely.
• FIG. 1 also shows the operating principle of a spark gap in accordance with the present invention.
• an overvoltage gets through a spark discharge to the main electrode 4 located on the left, an overvoltage appears between this main electrode and the adjacent intermediate electrode 5, which breaks through the air gap between these electrodes.
• breakdowns 6 of the air gaps between adjacent intermediate electrodes 5 occur, until the overvoltage reaches the second main electrode 9, shown in FIG. 1 to the right, from where it can be discharged to earth, a grounded element or an element with a different potential, to another spark gap, etc.
• it may be provided for the connection of the main electrodes with other elements of electrical installations or power lines, as well as with other arresters, using electrical conductors.
• the length of the discharge gap along the surface of the insulation layer between the intermediate electrode closest to the main electrode and the main electrode is less than the length of the discharge gap along the surface of the insulation layer between the main electrode and the electrical installation or power line element.
• the discharge voltage between the main electrode and the intermediate electrode should preferably be less than the discharge voltage of the air discharge between the main electrode and the electric installation element or power line so that the lightning overvoltage discharge passes through the intermediate electrodes, and not directly through the air gap to the indicated electric installation element or power lines.
• the bending occurs within an angle of about 330 degrees; however, due to the fact that the parts of the insulating body extending to the center of the circle in order to be able to fasten close the circle (that is, adjoin each other), it can be said that in this case the envelope is carried out by 360 degrees.
• the intermediate electrodes 12 can be installed on top of the insulating body 2 with a slight deviation from it.
• discharge chambers are made, for example, by inserting the ends of the electrodes 12 into glasses 14 made of a dielectric and containing a bottom and side walls forming the discharge chambers, moreover, the exits from the discharge chambers are made, preferably, opposite the bottoms. Since the dielectric cups 14 are attached to the insulating body 2 by their bottom parts, this provides a mechanical connection between the intermediate electrodes 12 and the insulating body 2.
• discharges 13 occurring in the discharge chambers inside the dielectric cups 14 between the ends of the intermediate electrodes 12 protruding into the discharge chambers exit discharge chambers to the side of the insulating body 2 and, preferably, to the side of the elements to which the shield-arrester is connected. At the same time, exits from one or more discharge chambers can be directed to an insulating body or elements connected to or near it.
• discharge chambers can also be made, for example, also using dielectric glasses.
• the main electrodes can protrude into the discharge chambers of the dielectric cups by themselves or have taps (as shown in Fig. 2), which can be designed to create discharge gaps as one of the electrodes in the discharge chambers, spaced from the main electrodes at some distances.
• the discharge from the main electrode may occur to the electrical installation element or power line, on which the arrester screen is mounted, or to metal fastening means 7 located at one or two ends of the insulating body and preferably having an electrical connection to the electrical installation element or power line .
• the implementation of the at least one intermediate electrode and / or the main electrode may be installed in the dielectric layer or coated at least partially with an insulation layer.
• discharge chambers are provided between the electrodes that extend to the surface of the insulation layer or insulating body.
• discharge chambers are formed in the insulation layer itself or in the insulating body, and the electrodes protrude into them, forming discharge gaps between them.
• the outputs of such discharge chambers are usually openings connecting the discharge chambers and the surface of the insulation layer or insulating body.
• FIG. 3 shows a power line containing supports 18 with insulators 15, at least one wire 19 under electrical voltage, connected to the insulators 15 by means of fixing devices, and two shield-discharger 20 for leveling the electric field in the vicinity of the insulator 15, which is an element of a power line (can also be used for other electrical equipment).
• Discharger screens 20 are made according to one of the above-described variants and, due to this, also provide both protection of the power line from lightning surges and improvement of the electric field structure in the vicinity.
• one or more arrester screens may be installed for one insulator or other element of a transmission line or electrical equipment.
• the electrodes 4 can be interconnected by a conductor or using additional electrodes.
• the arrester screen is mounted on the insulator using fastening means, which can be part of the screen or be an element placed on the terminal.
• fastening means which can be part of the screen or be an element placed on the terminal.
• a portion of the screen 20 in a straightened straight form (for example, an insulating body with or without rods, depending on the type of insulating body), if the screen can be unbent, a blank for manufacturing the screen in a straight line or experimental the sample, in structure and material, coinciding with the insulating body of the arrester screen and differing only in that it is straightforward (in the case when screen extension or billet bending for the screen is not possible) fits on two bases 2 1, spaced from each other at a distance L having, for example, from 10 to 20 thicknesses d of the screen (e.g., the thicknesses of an elongated conductor together with the insulation), i.e.
• L 20d (due to the fact that the screen most often has a circular cross section, the thickness d may correspond to the diameter of the screen, measured, for example, on the outer surface of the insulation layer).
• a deformer 25 is applied to the screen 20 from above, with the help of which a force F is transmitted to the screen 20, aimed at the deflection of the screen h 20 down (in this case, the direction is determined in accordance with the measurement scheme in Fig. 6 and 7, and not as in operation).
• the deflection value h of the dielectric element in the lower part 24 of the screen 20 below the point of application of force F, because in the upper part 23 of the screen 20, in the place where the force F is directly applied by the deformer 25, deformation of the screen 20 (for example, the insulation layer) may occur, not related to its deflection, in the case when the screen (in particular, the layer insulation) is made using deformable (for example, elastic or soft) materials, while in the lower part 24 of the screen 20 under the place of application of force F, such deformation is not observed, because no force is applied to it and the movement of the surface of the lower part 24 of the screen under the place of application of force F occurs only due to the deflection of the screen 20.
• deformation of the screen 20 for example, the insulation layer
• gaskets 22 may be located.
• the gaskets 22 may be flat or in the form of grooves. The gaskets 22 make it possible to distribute the deforming force from the bases 21 to the large length of the screen 20 and, thereby, reduce the distortion of the measured value of the deflection of the screen 20.
• the gaskets 22 can preferably freely change their angular position relative to the bases 21, in some cases, the gaskets 22 and the bases 21 can have a swivel joint. It is believed that the gaskets 22, as well as the base 21, are made of weakly deformable material (for example, with respect to the dielectric element).
• its minimum bending stiffness (bending stiffness coefficient) can have a value of at least 1 N / m, 10 N / m, 25 N / m, 50 N / m, 75 N / m, 100 N / m, 200 N / m, 300 N / m, 400 N / m, 500 N / m or 1000 N / m (depending on the materials used in the manufacture of the screen, the shape and size of the screen).
• the words “has”, “comprises,” “includes,” and the like. used to indicate the presence of indicated characteristics, elements, components of actions, values, or the like. and do not prevent the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components, actions, values, etc.

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• Insulators (AREA)
• Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
• Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

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• 2014
  • 2014-04-30 EA EA201400514A patent/EA025205B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2015
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  • 2015-03-19 BR BR112015026421-2A patent/BR112015026421B1/pt active IP Right Grant
  • 2015-03-19 MX MX2015014505A patent/MX353664B/es active IP Right Grant
  • 2015-03-19 JP JP2016540845A patent/JP6253783B2/ja active Active
  • 2015-03-19 WO PCT/RU2015/000157 patent/WO2015167360A1/ru active Application Filing
  • 2015-03-19 CN CN201580000561.4A patent/CN105453354B/zh active Active
  • 2015-10-07 ZA ZA2015/07455A patent/ZA201507455B/en unknown
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