WO2015154771A1 - Élément de mesure et composant doté d'un élément de mesure - Google Patents

Élément de mesure et composant doté d'un élément de mesure Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015154771A1
WO2015154771A1 PCT/DE2015/200247 DE2015200247W WO2015154771A1 WO 2015154771 A1 WO2015154771 A1 WO 2015154771A1 DE 2015200247 W DE2015200247 W DE 2015200247W WO 2015154771 A1 WO2015154771 A1 WO 2015154771A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
strain
component
temperature
strain gauge
measuring element
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/DE2015/200247
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christoph Weeth
Jens Heim
Original Assignee
Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG filed Critical Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG
Publication of WO2015154771A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015154771A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
    • G01L1/22—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges
    • G01L1/2268—Arrangements for correcting or for compensating unwanted effects
    • G01L1/2281—Arrangements for correcting or for compensating unwanted effects for temperature variations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/0011—Arrangements for eliminating or compensation of measuring errors due to temperature or weight
    • G01B5/0014—Arrangements for eliminating or compensation of measuring errors due to temperature or weight due to temperature
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
    • G01B7/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in resistance
    • G01B7/20—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in resistance formed by printed-circuit technique
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K5/00—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material
    • G01K5/48—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a solid
    • G01K5/56—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a solid constrained so that expansion or contraction causes a deformation of the solid
    • G01K5/62—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a solid constrained so that expansion or contraction causes a deformation of the solid the solid body being formed of compounded strips or plates, e.g. bimetallic strip
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01K5/00—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material
    • G01K5/48—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a solid
    • G01K5/56—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a solid constrained so that expansion or contraction causes a deformation of the solid
    • G01K5/62—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a solid constrained so that expansion or contraction causes a deformation of the solid the solid body being formed of compounded strips or plates, e.g. bimetallic strip
    • G01K5/70—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a solid constrained so that expansion or contraction causes a deformation of the solid the solid body being formed of compounded strips or plates, e.g. bimetallic strip specially adapted for indicating or recording
    • G01K5/72—Measuring temperature based on the expansion or contraction of a material the material being a solid constrained so that expansion or contraction causes a deformation of the solid the solid body being formed of compounded strips or plates, e.g. bimetallic strip specially adapted for indicating or recording with electric transmission means for final indication
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
    • G01L1/22—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges
    • G01L1/2206—Special supports with preselected places to mount the resistance strain gauges; Mounting of supports

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a measuring element for detecting an elongation and / or a measured quantity of a component derived therefrom, comprising at least one strain gauge (DMS) and a signal evaluation unit.
  • DMS strain gauge
  • Strain gauges are used to metrologically detect an expansion of a component. Strain gauges are made of a special material whose electrical resistance changes when it is stretched. By means of the signal evaluation unit, the resistance change can be assigned an expansion. Strain gauges are usually glued to the component to be measured or monitored by means of an adhesive. In many applications, it is necessary to monitor not only the elongation but also the temperature of the component to be measured. For example, a temperature sensor made of platinum (PT 100) or a thermocouple consisting of a material combination of iron / copper-nickel can be used for this purpose. Therefore, in many cases, in addition to the strain gauge in addition a temperature sensor must be attached to the component. This also applies to applications in which, instead of a strain measurement, a quantity derived therefrom is to be determined, for example a force or a torque. The application of the strain gauge and the additionally required temperature sensor is therefore very expensive. Summary of the invention
  • the invention has for its object to provide a measuring element with which both a strain measurement and a temperature measurement is possible borrowed.
  • a measuring element of the type mentioned has at least a second, connected to the signal evaluation unit strain gauges, which is designed to detect a temperature-dependent strain, wherein the first strain gauge and the at least one second strain gauge by a common Manufacturing process are made.
  • the invention has the advantage that with a single measuring element in addition to a strain measurement and a temperature detection is possible, resulting in the advantage that no separate temperature sensor or the like must be applied to the component to be measured.
  • the temperature to be detected is detected indirectly via an expansion, that is, the temperature measurement is converted into a strain measurement.
  • different coefficients of thermal expansion of different materials are used, which cause different temperature-dependent strains.
  • the measuring element according to the invention has the advantage that both sensors, namely the strain gauges and the second strain gauges can be manufactured by the same technology in a common process.
  • the strain gauges are produced by a coating method.
  • both the first strain gauge, which is intended for the detection of the strain, and the second strain gauge, which is used for the temperature determination can be produced in a single process. Since both strain gauges are connected to the Signalauswaktechnik, only a single Signal evaluation unit required, so that the acquisition of the measured data is particularly efficient.
  • the signal evaluation unit of the measuring element according to the invention is designed to determine a temperature value on the basis of the detected temperature-dependent expansion of the at least one second strain gauge.
  • a calibration of the second strain gauge is required so that each detected strain value can be assigned a temperature. In this way, the temperature-dependent strain detected by the second strain gauge can be converted into a temperature.
  • the at least one second strain gauge which is provided for detecting the temperature-dependent strain, can be realized in different ways.
  • the second strain gauge formed to detect the temperature-dependent strain can be mounted on a bimetallic element and the signal evaluation unit can be designed to determine a temperature value based on the detected strain of the bimetallic element. It is important that the (first) strain gauge, with which the elongation of the component is detected, and the second strain gauge, which is intended for the detection of the temperature-dependent stretching, are produced by a common manufacturing process.
  • the bimetal element can be applied to the component on which the measurement is to take place, then both strain gages are produced by a common production method, in particular a coating method.
  • the second strain gage formed to detect a temperature-dependent strain to be arranged on a deformation element which consists of a material whose coefficient of thermal expansion is that of the one to be measured. differentiates the component.
  • the deformation element is designed such that it deforms in a preferred direction during a temperature-induced deformation.
  • the deformation element of the measuring element according to the invention may have a rod-shaped basic shape and be attached to at least two points on the component to be measured.
  • the preferred direction is the transverse direction of the rod-shaped deformation element.
  • the expansion of the deformation element can be detected by means of the second strain gauge and evaluated by the signal evaluation unit. Based on the temperature-dependent expansion of the second strain gauge, the temperature of the component can be determined.
  • the second, formed for detecting a temperature-dependent strain strain gauge may be disposed on a filling element which is inserted or inserted into a recess of the component to be measured, wherein the filling element consists of a material whose temperature expansion coefficient of differs from that of the component to be measured.
  • the component to be measured is provided with a recess into which the filling element is inserted.
  • the second, designed to detect the temperature-dependent strain strain gauge is placed on the filler, the first strain gauge is placed directly on the component. When the temperature changes, the component to be measured expands or contracts.
  • This temperature-induced strain change can be measured on the filler or in the immediate vicinity of the filler by the second strain gauge.
  • a calibration can be used to assign a temperature change to a specific strain change.
  • At least one further strain gauge for compensating a Temperature-induced change in resistance of the second, designed to detect the temperature-induced strain strain gauge can be provided.
  • the signal evaluation unit can be designed to determine a force or a torque from the detected strain.
  • the invention relates to a component comprising at least one measuring element of the type described.
  • the second, designed for detecting a temperature-dependent strain strain gauge is mounted on a bimetallic element disposed on the component or on a component fixed to the deformation element or on a in a recess of the component Arranged filling element.
  • the strain gauges used in the measuring element according to the invention and the component may be thin-film strain gages, but the invention can equally be realized with thick-film strain gages or film strain gauges.
  • the measuring element according to the invention is particularly well suited for force and / or strain measurements on a plain or rolling bearing.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a measuring element according to the invention mounted on a roller bearing
  • Figure 2 shows an embodiment of a measuring element according to the invention with a deformation element
  • Figure 3 is a plan view of the measuring element shown in Figure 2 with the deformation element
  • FIG. 4 shows an exemplary embodiment of a measuring element according to the invention with a filling element
  • FIG. 5 shows an enlarged view of the filling element shown in FIG.
  • Figure 1 is a side view and shows a detail of a component 1, which is designed as a rolling bearing.
  • the component 1 comprises a measuring element 2 for detecting an elongation and / or a measured variable of the component 1 derived therefrom. From a measured strain can be concluded on a force or an acting moment.
  • the measuring element 2 comprises strain gauges (DMS) 3, 4, which are arranged laterally on the outer ring 5 of the rolling bearing.
  • the measuring element 2 comprises a signal evaluation unit 6, which is connected via lines 7, 8 with the strain gauges 3, 4.
  • the strain gauges 3, 4 are mounted on the outer ring 5, at a stress occurring, which causes an expansion of the outer ring 5, the strain gauges 3, 4 are stretched analogously to the component 1, this strain causes a change in the electrical resistance of the strain gauges 3, 4, which is detected by the signal evaluation unit 6.
  • the measuring element 2 comprises a second, connected to the signal evaluation unit 6 strain gauges 9, which is designed to detect a temperature-dependent strain.
  • the first two strain gauges 3, 4 and the second or further strain gauges 9 are produced by a common manufacturing process.
  • the strain gauge 9 is arranged on a bimetallic element 10.
  • FIG. 1 shows that the strain gage arranged on the bimetal element 10 fen 9 is also electrically connected via a line 1 1 with the signal evaluation unit 6.
  • the lines 7, 8, 1 1, two-wire or multi-core executed, since each strain gauge 3, 4, 9 forms its own branch.
  • the bimetallic element 10 is first applied to the outer ring 5, for example glued.
  • the strain gauges 3, 4, 9 are then applied by a common manufacturing process, namely a coating process. Due to the coating and structuring, DMS structures are produced both on the outside of the outer ring 5 of the roller bearing and on the bimetal element 10.
  • the strain gauges 3, 4 are designed to detect an expansion of the outer ring 5, so that its momentary load can be closed.
  • the strain gauge 9, which is mounted on the bimetallic element 10, detects a temperature-induced strain or compression of the bimetallic element 10, which is proportional to a change in temperature.
  • the existing relationship between the elongation of the bimetallic element 10 and the temperature can be detected, which manifests itself in a change in the electrical resistance of the strain gauge 9. In this way, the temperature determination is converted into a strain measurement.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show a second exemplary embodiment of a measuring element 12 which, in accordance with the first exemplary embodiment, has a (first) strain gauge 13 which is arranged on the upper side of a component 14.
  • the measuring element 12 comprises a second, designed to detect a temperature-dependent strain strain gauge 15, which is arranged on a deformation element 16.
  • the deformation element 16 is formed as a substantially rectangular plate, as shown in the plan view of Figure 3.
  • the deformation element is fastened at two points 17, 18 to the component 14 to be measured by means of screws.
  • the strain gauge 15 is applied approximately in the middle of the deformation element 16 on the surface thereof.
  • a further strain gauge 19 is arranged, which serves as a compensation strain gauge. All strain gauges 13, 15, 19 are connected to the signal evaluation unit 6 via lines.
  • the deformation element 16 is made of a material whose coefficient of thermal expansion is different from that of the component 14 at which the strain or the force is to be measured.
  • the component 14 made of steel
  • the deformation element 16 made of copper.
  • the double arrow 20 indicates the direction of deformation.
  • the deformation element 16 thus bends upward perpendicular to the upper side or longitudinal direction of the component 14, away from the component 14.
  • the deformation element 16 expands, this strain can be detected by the strain gauge 15.
  • a strain gauge bridge can also be arranged on the deformation element.
  • the strain gauges 13, 15, 19 are manufactured by a common manufacturing process by coating. Accordingly, both the elongation of the component 14 by means of the strain gauge 13 and a temperature via the detour of detecting the expansion of the deformation element 16 can be determined.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show a further exemplary embodiment of a measuring element 21 which, in accordance with the preceding exemplary embodiment, is arranged on the outside of a component 22 designed as a roller bearing.
  • the component 22, which is designed as a bearing ring, has on its outer side a plurality of recesses 23, in each of which a filling element 24 is inserted. In Figure 4, only one such recess is shown.
  • the filling element 24 has a substantially cylindrical shape, on the upper side of the filling element 24, a strain gauge 25 is arranged.
  • a further strain gauge 26 is arranged laterally on the component 22 or laterally on the bearing ring, which is designed to detect an elongation or a measured quantity derived therefrom, such as a force or a moment.
  • the strain gauges 25, 26 are connected to the signal evaluation unit 6 via lines.
  • the filling element 24 is made of a material whose coefficient of thermal expansion differs from that of the component 22 at which the elongation or the force is to be measured.
  • the filling element 24 is introduced into the recess 23 in such a way that it does not become free over the area of application of the temperature.
  • the temperature of the component 2 changes, the expansion of the material of the component 22 surrounding the filling element 24 increases or decreases. This results in a change in the expansion of the filling element 24 or of the filling element itself. This strain change is proportional to the temperature change.
  • the component 22 has a further recess 27, which is also arranged laterally on the component 22.
  • a filling element 28 which corresponds to the filling element 24.
  • the filling element 28 is surrounded by a strain gauge 29, which is connected to a further signal evaluation unit.
  • a strain gauge 30 is connected, which is arranged on the outside of the component 22, and which corresponds to the strain gauge 26.
  • FIG. 5 shows the recess 27, in which the filling element 28 is inserted, on an enlarged scale.
  • the filling element 28 is surrounded by the strain gauge 29, the signal of which provides a strain value proportional to the temperature change.
  • the strain gauge 29 surrounds the recess 27 in a meandering manner.
  • the strain gauges 29, 31 are attached laterally to the component 22.
  • the application of all strain gauges 29, 30, 31 and the strain gauges 25, 26 takes place by a single coating method, after the filling elements 24, 28 have been introduced into the recesses 23, 27. Subsequently, the filling element 28 is provided by coating with the strain gauge 25, in the same manufacturing process, the strain gauges 29, 30, 31 are applied.
  • the measuring elements or the components provided with one or more measuring elements can be produced efficiently and inexpensively by a single manufacturing process in which a coating is applied.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Force In General (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément de mesure (2, 12, 21) destiné à détecter un allongement et/ou une grandeur de mesure dérivée de l'allongement d'un composant (1, 14, 22), qui comprend au moins une jauge extensométrique (DMS) (3, 4, 13, 26, 30) et un module d'évaluation du signal (6). L'élément de mesure (2, 12, 21) comporte au moins une deuxième jauge extensométrique (9, 15, 25, 29) reliée au module d'évaluation du signal (6), qui est conçue pour détecter un allongement dépendant de la température. La première jauge extensométrique (3, 4, 13, 26, 30) et la ou les deuxièmes jauges extensométriques (9, 15, 25, 29) sont obtenues par un procédé de fabrication commun.
PCT/DE2015/200247 2014-04-08 2015-04-02 Élément de mesure et composant doté d'un élément de mesure WO2015154771A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014206759.6 2014-04-08
DE102014206759.6A DE102014206759A1 (de) 2014-04-08 2014-04-08 Messelement und ein Messelement aufweisendes Bauteil

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015154771A1 true WO2015154771A1 (fr) 2015-10-15

Family

ID=53039147

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/DE2015/200247 WO2015154771A1 (fr) 2014-04-08 2015-04-02 Élément de mesure et composant doté d'un élément de mesure

Country Status (2)

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DE (1) DE102014206759A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015154771A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT522834A2 (de) * 2019-08-04 2021-02-15 Revotec Zt Gmbh Intelligente Schraubenmutter

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10063264A1 (de) * 2000-12-19 2002-07-04 Man Technologie Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Feststellen, ob eine Probe eine vorbestimmte Temperatur, insbesondere eine tiefe Temperatur, aufweist
WO2003006943A1 (fr) * 2001-07-13 2003-01-23 John David Barnett Capteur de contrainte a compensation thermique
EP1931184A2 (fr) * 2006-12-08 2008-06-11 Würth Elektronik Pforzheim GmbH & Co. KG Plaquette
US20120247220A1 (en) * 2011-03-30 2012-10-04 Minebea Co., Ltd. Strain gage and manufacturing method thereof

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH357564A (de) * 1956-02-16 1961-10-15 Baldwin Lima Hamilton Corp Verfahren zur Dehnungsmessung mittels elektrischer Widerstandsdehnungsmessstreifen
US3248936A (en) * 1960-12-21 1966-05-03 Shih Y Lee Temperature compensated transducer
US3199345A (en) * 1962-12-26 1965-08-10 Lee Shih-Ying Temperature compensated transducer
DE3313620C1 (de) * 1983-04-12 1984-10-04 Gerhard Dr.-Ing. 1000 Berlin Lechler Kraftmesseinrichtung
DE3810456C2 (de) * 1988-03-26 1994-09-01 Hottinger Messtechnik Baldwin Verfahren zur Verringerung eines Fehlers eines Meßumformers und Einrichtung hierzu

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10063264A1 (de) * 2000-12-19 2002-07-04 Man Technologie Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Feststellen, ob eine Probe eine vorbestimmte Temperatur, insbesondere eine tiefe Temperatur, aufweist
WO2003006943A1 (fr) * 2001-07-13 2003-01-23 John David Barnett Capteur de contrainte a compensation thermique
EP1931184A2 (fr) * 2006-12-08 2008-06-11 Würth Elektronik Pforzheim GmbH & Co. KG Plaquette
US20120247220A1 (en) * 2011-03-30 2012-10-04 Minebea Co., Ltd. Strain gage and manufacturing method thereof

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