WO2015154600A1 - 一种两回路式太阳能热发电系统 - Google Patents

一种两回路式太阳能热发电系统 Download PDF

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WO2015154600A1
WO2015154600A1 PCT/CN2015/073993 CN2015073993W WO2015154600A1 WO 2015154600 A1 WO2015154600 A1 WO 2015154600A1 CN 2015073993 W CN2015073993 W CN 2015073993W WO 2015154600 A1 WO2015154600 A1 WO 2015154600A1
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power generation
steam
circuit
solar thermal
solar
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PCT/CN2015/073993
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French (fr)
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许世森
裴杰
徐越
郑建涛
刘明义
徐海卫
曹传钊
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中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司
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Publication of WO2015154600A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015154600A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03G5/00—Devices for producing mechanical power from muscle energy
    • F03G5/06—Devices for producing mechanical power from muscle energy other than of endless-walk type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/46—Conversion of thermal power into mechanical power, e.g. Rankine, Stirling or solar thermal engines

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of solar thermal power generation, and particularly relates to a two-circuit solar thermal power generation system.
  • solar power generation technologies mainly include photovoltaic power generation and solar thermal power generation.
  • Photovoltaic power generation utilizes the photovoltaic effect of semiconductor devices to directly convert solar energy into electrical energy, which has the advantages of high reliability, convenient installation and maintenance, etc., but the cost of photovoltaic power generation is high, and the efficiency of photoelectric conversion is not high.
  • Solar thermal power generation uses solar collectors to collect solar energy, which is absorbed by the absorber and converted into heat energy, which generates high-temperature steam or gas to enter the steam turbine generator set to generate electric energy. Compared with photovoltaic power generation, solar thermal power generation systems have good power quality and reliable operation.
  • solar thermal power generation technology mainly includes trough type, Fresnel type, tower type and dish type, among which trough type, Fresnel type and tower type are realized commercial operation, and the dish type is in the experimental demonstration stage.
  • the solar radiation intensity is greatly affected by the environment.
  • the factors such as day and night alternation, weather and cloud occlusion will affect the collected solar energy, resulting in uncontrollable power generation of the solar thermal power generation system during operation, affecting the stability and reliability of the system operation. .
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a two-circuit solar thermal power generation system, which solves the problem that the power generation power is uncontrollable during the operation of the solar thermal power generation system, and improves the power generation efficiency of the solar thermal power generation system. .
  • a two-circuit solar thermal power generation system comprising:
  • a primary solar collector system that uses solar energy to heat a low temperature working medium to obtain a high temperature working medium and stores it;
  • the high-temperature working medium is used to heat water and steam to generate a two-circuit steam power generation subsystem for steam-driven steam turbine generators with different pressures and temperatures, and the heated high-temperature working medium is cooled to a low-temperature working medium and returned to the first circuit.
  • the solar collector subsystem continues to heat up.
  • the steam is water vapor, and the high temperature working medium is exothermic in the second-circuit steam power generation subsystem to become a low-temperature working medium.
  • the first loop solar collector subsystem includes a cryogenic storage tank 1, a high temperature storage tank 4, and a solar heat collecting field 3 connected therebetween.
  • a pump 2 is disposed between the cryogenic storage tank 1 and the solar heat collecting field 3 for pumping the low temperature working fluid into the solar heat collecting field 3 for heating.
  • the two-circuit steam power generation subsystem includes a steam turbine 15, a condenser 14, a condensate heater 9, a deaerator 10, a low-pressure feed pump 11, a high-pressure feed pump 12, a low-pressure steam generator 8, a preheater 7, and
  • the high-pressure steam generator 6, the high-temperature working medium of the first loop enters the high-pressure steam generator 6 from the high-temperature storage tank 4, enters the parallel low-pressure steam generator 8 and the preheater 7, and then enters the condensate heater 9, and finally becomes a low temperature.
  • the working fluid is returned to the low temperature storage tank 1; the high pressure feed water pump 12 sends the water in the deaerator 10 to the preheater 7, and the high pressure feed water from the preheater 7 enters the high pressure steam generator 6, generating high temperature and high pressure superheated steam.
  • the main steam port of the steam turbine 15 is introduced to drive power generation; the low pressure feed water pump 11 sends the water in the deaerator 10 to the low pressure steam generator 8, generates low pressure superheated steam, and is introduced into the low pressure steam port of the steam turbine 15 to drive power generation;
  • the exhausted steam enters the condenser 14, where it is condensed into water and sent to the condensate heater 9, which is heated in the condensate heater 9 and sent to the deaerator 10.
  • a loop working medium pump 5 is disposed between the high pressure steam generator 6 and the high temperature storage tank 4, and the first loop working medium pump 5 pumps the high temperature primary circuit working medium stored in the high temperature storage tank 4 into the high pressure steam generator 6;
  • a condensate pump 13 is provided between the condenser 14 and the condensate heater 9.
  • the working fluid of the primary circuit solar heat collecting subsystem is a heat conducting oil or a molten salt.
  • the solar collector field 3 is a trough solar collector field, a Fresnel solar collector field or a tower Solar collectors.
  • the condensate heater 9 and the preheater 7 are both shell and tube heat exchangers.
  • the low-pressure steam generator 8 is a DC spiral tube type, a horizontal U-tube natural circulation type or a vertical U-shaped tube natural circulation type;
  • the high-pressure steam generator 6 is a DC spiral tube type and a horizontal U-shaped tube natural. Circulating or vertical U-tube natural circulation.
  • the steam of the different pressures and temperatures may be two or more.
  • the present invention divides the solar thermal power generation system into two loops, a primary loop solar heat collecting subsystem and a second loop steam power generating subsystem, and the two subsystems operate independently without affecting each other, and the solar radiation
  • the change of intensity only affects the primary circuit solar collector subsystem, and the power generation of the second-circuit steam power generation subsystem is completely controllable and is not affected by the primary circuit.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
  • the two-circuit solar thermal power generation system of the present invention comprises a primary circuit solar heat collection subsystem and a two-circuit steam power generation subsystem.
  • the solar collector subsystem heats the working fluid of the primary circuit through the solar heat collecting field 3, and the obtained high temperature working medium is stored in the high temperature storage tank 4 for the second circuit;
  • the second circuit steam power generation subsystem uses the high temperature storage tank
  • the primary circuit working medium in 4 heats water and steam, generates steam of various pressures and temperatures, is incorporated into the steam turbine 15, drives the steam turbine generator set to generate electricity, and the primary circuit working medium after cooling is stored in the low temperature storage tank 1.
  • the primary loop solar collector subsystem and the secondary loop steam power generation subsystem operate independently of each other without affecting each other.
  • the primary circuit solar collector subsystem includes a cryogenic storage tank 1, a high temperature storage tank 4, a solar heat collecting field 3, a pump 2, and a primary circuit working medium.
  • the working process is that the pump 2 pumps the primary circuit stored in the cryogenic storage tank 1 into the solar collector field 3, and the solar collector field 3 focuses the sunlight to heat the working medium, and the heated The high temperature working medium is stored in the high temperature storage tank 4.
  • the two-circuit steam power generation subsystem includes a steam turbine 15, a condenser 14, a condensate pump 13, a condensate heater 9, a deaerator 10, a low-pressure feed pump 11, a high-pressure feed pump 12, a low-pressure steam generator 8, and a preheater. 7.
  • the high-temperature primary working fluid is divided into two parts after being cooled by the high-pressure steam generator 6, and a part thereof Entering the low-pressure steam generator 8, the other part enters the preheater 7, preheating the high-pressure feed water, and the high-pressure feed water is preheated and then enters the high-pressure steam generator 6, and the two parts of the primary circuit are cooled from the low-pressure steam generator 8 and the preheater 7.
  • the working medium enters the condensate heater 9 to heat the condensed water, and the primary circuit working medium after the cooling is returned to the low temperature storage tank 1 to complete the circulation of the primary circuit working fluid; the condensing water pump 13 pumps the condensed water into the condensed water heater 9 and heats The condensed water then enters the deaerator 10, and the low pressure feed pump 11 pumps the feed water into the low pressure steam generator 8, generates low pressure superheated steam, introduces a low pressure steam supply port of the steam turbine 15, drives the steam turbine generator set to generate electricity, and the high pressure feed pump 12
  • the feed water is pumped into the preheater 7, and the preheated feed water enters the high pressure steam generator 6, generating high temperature and high pressure superheated steam, introducing into the main steam port of the steam turbine 15, driving the steam turbine generator set to generate electricity, and the steam is Lack of work in the steam turbine 15 into the condenser 14, condensed into water in the condenser 14, to complete the second cycle of the working fluid circuit.
  • the primary circuit working fluid may be a heat transfer oil or a molten salt.
  • the solar collector field 3 may be a trough solar collector field, a Fresnel solar collector field or a tower solar collector field.
  • the condensate heater and preheater are shell and tube heat exchangers.
  • Both the low pressure steam generator 8 and the high pressure steam generator 6 can be a DC spiral tube type, a horizontal U type tube natural circulation type or a vertical U type tube natural circulation type.
  • the steam power generation subsystem generates two steams of different pressures and temperatures, but the invention is not limited to two types, and two, three, four or more types may be generated according to the parameters of the primary circuit working medium. Different kinds of steam at different pressures and temperatures.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

一种两回路式太阳能热发电系统，包括利用太阳能加热低温工质得到高温工质并储存的一回路太阳能集热子系统；以及利用所述高温工质加热水和蒸汽，产生多种不同压力和温度的蒸汽驱动汽轮发电机组发电的二回路蒸汽动力发电子系统，加热后的高温工质降温为低温工质回送至一回路太阳能集热子系统继续加热；太阳能集热子系统和蒸汽动力发电子系统各自独立运行，互不影响；可消除太阳辐射强度变化、云遮挡等不可控因素造成的系统波动，并且可以实现汽轮发电机组发电功率可调和连续稳定发电，提高了太阳能热发电系统的发电效率。

Description

一种两回路式太阳能热发电系统 技术领域
本发明属于太阳能热发电技术领域，特别涉及一种两回路式太阳能热发电系统。
背景技术
太阳能分布广泛、储量巨大，是一种清洁的可再生能源，具有广阔的应用前景。目前太阳能发电技术主要有光伏发电和太阳能热发电两种形式。光伏发电是利用半导体器件的光伏效应将太阳能直接转化为电能，具有可靠性高、安装维护方便等优点，但是光伏发电的成本高昂，光电转换的效率不高。太阳能热发电是利用聚光器聚集太阳能，经吸收器吸收后转化成热能，产生高温蒸汽或气体进入汽轮发电机组产生电能。与光伏发电相比，太阳能热发电系统电能质量好，运行可靠。
目前太阳能热发电技术主要有槽式、菲涅尔式、塔式和碟式，其中槽式、菲涅尔式和塔式均实现了商业化运行，碟式处在试验示范阶段。
现有太阳能热发电系统普遍采用一种参数的蒸汽进入汽轮机发电，集热平均吸热温度高，增加了热损失；工质出入口温差小，增加了泵的流量和功耗，最终影响了太阳能热发电系统的发电效率，增加了运行成本。
太阳辐射强度受环境影响较大，昼夜交替、天气和云遮挡等因素均会影响收集到的太阳能，造成太阳能热发电系统在运行过程中发电功率的不可控，影响系统运行的稳定性和可靠性。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的缺点，本发明的目的在于提供一种两回路式太阳能热发电系统，解决了太阳能热发电系统运行过程中发电功率不可控的问题，提高了太阳能热发电系统的发电效率。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种两回路式太阳能热发电系统，包括：
利用太阳能加热低温工质得到高温工质并储存的一回路太阳能集热子系统；以及
利用所述高温工质加热水和蒸汽，产生多种不同压力和温度的蒸汽驱动汽轮发电机组发电的二回路蒸汽动力发电子系统，加热后的高温工质降温为低温工质回送至一回路太阳能集热子系统继续加热。其中蒸汽为水蒸气，高温工质在二回路蒸汽动力发电子系统中放热变成低温工质。
所述一回路太阳能集热子系统包括低温储罐1、高温储罐4和连接于二者之间的太阳能集热场3。
所述低温储罐1与太阳能集热场3之间设置有泵2，用以将低温工质泵入太阳能集热场3加热。
所述二回路蒸汽动力发电子系统包括汽轮机15、凝汽器14、凝结水加热器9、除氧器10、低压给水泵11、高压给水泵12、低压蒸汽发生器8、预热器7和高压蒸汽发生器6，一回路高温工质由高温储罐4进入高压蒸汽发生器6，再进入并联的低压蒸汽发生器8和预热器7，再进入凝结水加热器9，最终变为低温工质回流至低温储罐1；高压给水泵12将除氧器10中的水送至预热器7，出预热器7的高压给水进入高压蒸汽发生器6，产生高温高压的过热蒸汽，引入汽轮机15的主蒸汽口驱动发电；低压给水泵11将除氧器10中的水送至低压蒸汽发生器8，产生低压过热蒸汽，引入汽轮机15的低压补汽口驱动发电；出汽轮机15的乏汽进入凝汽器14，在其中凝结成水送至凝结水加热器9，在凝结水加热器9中加热后送入除氧器10。
所述高压蒸汽发生器6与高温储罐4之间设置一回路工质泵5，一回路工质泵5将高温储罐4中储存的高温一回路工质泵入高压蒸汽发生器6；所述凝汽器14与凝结水加热器9之间设置凝结水泵13。
所述一回路太阳能集热子系统的工质为导热油或熔盐。
所述太阳能集热场3为槽式太阳能集热场、菲涅尔式太阳能集热场或塔 式太阳能集热场。
所述凝结水加热器9和预热器7均为管壳式换热器。
所述低压蒸汽发生器8为直流螺旋管式、卧式U型管自然循环式或立式U型管自然循环式；所述高压蒸汽发生器6为直流螺旋管式、卧式U型管自然循环式或立式U型管自然循环式。
所述不同压力和温度的蒸汽，为2种或2种以上。
与现有技术相比，本发明将太阳能热发电系统分为两个回路，一回路太阳能集热子系统和二回路蒸汽动力发电子系统，这两个子系统各自独立运行，互不影响，太阳辐射强度的变化只影响一回路太阳能集热子系统，二回路蒸汽动力发电子系统的发电功率完全可控，不受一回路的影响。通过在一回路设置不同容量的太阳能场和高温储罐，可实现不同时间的储热，延长系统的发电时间，提高利用率；二回路产生多种不同压力和温度的蒸汽并入汽轮机，提高了热电效率，降低了运行成本。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例详细说明本发明的实施方式。
如图1所示，本发明两回路式太阳能热发电系统，该系统包括一回路太阳能集热子系统和二回路蒸汽动力发电子系统。太阳能集热子系统通过太阳能集热场3聚焦太阳光加热一回路的工质，得到的高温工质储存在高温储罐4内，供二回路使用；二回路蒸汽动力发电子系统使用高温储罐4内的一回路工质加热水和蒸汽，产生多种不同压力和温度的蒸汽，并入汽轮机15，驱动汽轮机发电机组发电，降温后的一回路工质储存在低温储罐1内。一回路太阳能集热子系统和二回路蒸汽动力发电子系统各自独立运行，互不影响。
一回路太阳能集热子系统包括低温储罐1、高温储罐4、太阳能集热场3、泵2和一回路工质。其工作流程为泵2将低温储罐1中储存的一回路工质泵入太阳能集热场3，太阳能集热场3聚焦太阳光加热其中的工质，加热后的 高温工质储存在高温储罐4中。
二回路蒸汽动力发电子系统包括汽轮机15、凝汽器14、凝结水泵13、凝结水加热器9、除氧器10、低压给水泵11、高压给水泵12、低压蒸汽发生器8、预热器7、高压蒸汽发生器6和一回路工质泵5。其工作流程为一回路工质泵5将高温储罐4中储存的高温一回路工质泵入高压蒸汽发生器6，高温一回路工质经高压蒸汽发生器6降温后分为两部分，一部分进入低压蒸汽发生器8，另一部分进入预热器7，预热高压给水，高压给水预热后进入高压蒸汽发生器6，从低压蒸汽发生器8和预热器7降温后的两部分一回路工质进入凝结水加热器9，加热凝结水，降温后的一回路工质回到低温储罐1内，完成一回路工质的循环；凝结水泵13将凝结水泵入凝结水加热器9，加热后的凝结水进入除氧器10，低压给水泵11将给水泵入低压蒸汽发生器8，产生低压的过热蒸汽，引入汽轮机15的低压补汽口，驱动汽轮发电机组发电，高压给水泵12将给水泵入预热器7，预热后的给水进入高压蒸汽发生器6，产生高温高压的过热蒸汽，引入汽轮机15的主蒸汽口，驱动汽轮发电机组发电，蒸汽在汽轮机15中做功后的乏汽进入凝汽器14，在凝汽器14中凝结成水，完成二回路工质的循环。
实施例中一回路工质可以为导热油或熔盐。太阳能集热场3可以为槽式太阳能集热场、菲涅尔式太阳能集热场或塔式太阳能集热场。凝结水加热器和预热器为管壳式换热器。低压蒸汽发生器8和高压蒸汽发生器6均可以为直流螺旋管式、卧式U型管自然循环式或立式U型管自然循环式。
上述具体实施例中，蒸汽动力发电子系统产生2种不同压力和温度的蒸汽，但本发明不限于2种，根据一回路工质的参数，可产生2种、3种、4种或更多种不同压力和温度的蒸汽。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种两回路式太阳能热发电系统，其特征在于，包括：
    利用太阳能加热低温工质得到高温工质并储存的一回路太阳能集热子系统；以及
    利用所述高温工质加热水和蒸汽，产生多种不同压力和温度的蒸汽驱动汽轮发电机组发电的二回路蒸汽动力发电子系统，加热后的高温工质降温为低温工质回送至一回路太阳能集热子系统继续加热。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的两回路式太阳能热发电系统，其特征在于，所述一回路太阳能集热子系统包括低温储罐(1)、高温储罐(4)和连接于二者之间的太阳能集热场(3)。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的两回路式太阳能热发电系统，其特征在于，所述低温储罐(1)与太阳能集热场(3)之间设置有泵(2)，用以将低温工质泵入太阳能集热场(3)加热。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的两回路式太阳能热发电系统，其特征在于，所述二回路蒸汽动力发电子系统包括汽轮机(15)、凝汽器(14)、凝结水加热器(9)、除氧器(10)、低压给水泵(11)、高压给水泵(12)、低压蒸汽发生器(8)、预热器(7)和高压蒸汽发生器(6)，一回路高温工质由高温储罐(4)进入高压蒸汽发生器(6)，再进入并联的低压蒸汽发生器(8)和预热器(7)，再进入凝结水加热器(9)，最终变为低温工质回流至低温储罐(1)；高压给水泵(12)将除氧器(10)中的水送至预热器(7)，出预热器(7)的高压给水进入高压蒸汽发生器(6)，产生高温高压的过热蒸汽，引入汽轮机(15)的主蒸汽口驱动发电；低压给水泵(11)将除氧器(10)中的水送至低压蒸汽发生器(8)，产生低压过热蒸汽，引入汽轮机(15)的低压补汽口驱动发电；出汽轮机(15)的乏汽进入凝汽器(14)，在其中凝结成水送至凝结水加热器(9)，在凝结水加热器(9)中加热后送入除氧器(10)。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的两回路式太阳能热发电系统，其特征在于，所述高压蒸汽发生器(6)与高温储罐(4)之间设置一回路工质泵(5)，一回路工质泵(5)将高温储罐(4)中储存的高温一回路工质泵入高压蒸汽发生器(6)；所述凝汽器(14)与凝结水加热器(9)之间设置凝结水泵(13)。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一权利要求所述的两回路式太阳能热发电系统，其特征在于，所述一回路太阳能集热子系统的工质为导热油或熔盐。
  7. 根据权利要求2-5任一权利要求所述的两回路式太阳能热发电系统，其特征在于，所述太阳能集热场(3)为槽式太阳能集热场、菲涅尔式太阳能集热场或塔式太阳能集热场。
  8. 根据权利要求4或5所述的两回路式太阳能热发电系统，其特征在于，所述凝结水加热器(9)和预热器(7)均为管壳式换热器。
  9. 根据权利要求4或5所述的两回路式太阳能热发电系统，其特征在于，所述低压蒸汽发生器(8)为直流螺旋管式、卧式U型管自然循环式或立式U型管自然循环式；所述高压蒸汽发生器(6)为直流螺旋管式、卧式U型管自然循环式或立式U型管自然循环式。
  10. 根据权利要求4或5所述的两回路式太阳能热发电系统，其特征在于，所述不同压力和温度的蒸汽，为2种或2种以上。
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