Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
  • C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
  • C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
  • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
  • C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
  • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
  • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
  • C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
  • C05G5/38—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings layered or coated with wax or resins

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a fertilizer product whose release profile in the soil by progressive dissolution is particularly well suited to intense rainfall climates as well as to high rainfall climates.
• the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing such a fertilizer which implements a granulation step and a coating step.
• Inorganic fertilizers are generally very soluble in water, and may be rapidly leached into the soil by rainfall or watering before being absorbed by the plant.
• US Pat. No. 5,630,861 describes the coating of fertilizers with a mixture of magnesium cement and oil. Crystals previously encapsulated by a magnesium cement are agglomerated by granulation / compression or pelletization of the encapsulated crystals with the same solution of magnesium cement. The agglomerates obtained are again coated with the same solution of magnesium cement and oil.
• particles of urea are coated by spraying with an aqueous dispersion of a modified alkyd urethane resin, then with a powder of talc, calcium carbonate or diatomaceous earth less 5 microns in diameter.
• U.S. Patent 4,023,955 has proposed urea coating with hydrated cement to improve the adhesion of the coating to the fertilizer.
• the cement layer is covered with a thin layer of latex to prevent agglomeration of cement-coated particles that are very hygroscopic.
• the present invention is based on the dissolution properties in water of some resins, which make them particularly suitable candidates for the coating of fertilizers to modulate their provision of the plant according to the volume of precipitation.
• the delayed release fertilizer comprises a first layer of resin, and a second layer of cement, preferably unhydrated.
• the term "delayed release" within the meaning of the invention means that the dissolution profile in water, in a soil column or in the soil of the coated fertilizer, is modified with respect to the dissolution profile of the same non-fertilizer. coated. More specifically, the dissolution rate of the fertilizer of the invention is slowed by the coating, so that the provision of nutrients soil is controlled and modified, or even extended over time. In addition, the release of nutrients into the water can be delayed in time, in the sense that significant amounts of fertilizer are released only from a certain time from the beginning of exposure of the plant. fertilizer coated with an aqueous medium. Finally, the release of the fertilizer of the invention can be advantageously adjustable according to the meteorological conditions, in particular according to the volume and / or the flow of precipitation.
• the resin is applied to the surface of the fertilizer particles preferably from an aqueous resin dispersion.
• the fertilizer comprises a potassium salt, and it is coated with a first layer comprising the polymer resin, then with a second layer consisting of a cement, preferably not hydrated.
• the resin has the advantage of degrading in the soil and becoming biodegradable fragments. It also has the advantage of being able to adapt the effect of controlling or delaying the release of fertilizers, depending on the environmental conditions and in particular rainfall.
• the resin used to coat the fertilizer is preferably in the form of an aqueous dispersion containing for example between 20 and 40% by weight of water, and optionally another solvent such as a glycol.
• dispersion means a dispersion in the strict sense of resin particles in water, as well as an emulsion containing resin particles dispersed in water with the aid of a surfactant.
• dispersion and emulsion can both be used later in this description.
• the resin may be chosen from polysaccharides and polyesters obtained from unsaturated natural triglycerides.
• a polysaccharide is for example selected from the group consisting of cellulose and its ester derivatives (methylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, ethylcellulose), starches and their derivatives, pectins and their methylated derivatives and gums such as carrageenans, alginates agar, gum arabic, xanthan gum, pullulan, gellan gum and chitosan.
• the resin may also be obtained from a vegetable oil and a compound selected from vinyl monomers, polycarboxylic acids and anhydrides.
• Anhydrides include maleic anhydride and phthalic anhydride.
• polycarboxylic acids mention will be made of citric acid, succinic acid and polylactic acid.
• unsaturated natural vegetable oil or triglyceride mention may be made of castor oil, palm oil, corn oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, oil sesame seed, peanut oil, safflower oil, olive oil, cottonseed oil, linseed oil, walnut oil and tung oil and their mixtures.
• the vegetable oil can be modified by oxidation (epoxidized vegetable oil) or by reaction with acrylic acid or maleic anhydride.
• the modified vegetable oil may be selected from epoxidized soybean oil, maleinised soybean oil, acrylic-based soybean oil, epoxidized linseed oil, maleinised linseed oil, epoxidized acrylic linseed oil, epoxidized castor oil, maleinized castor oil and castor oil based on acrylic.
• the resin may be a branched polyester obtained by copolycondensation reaction of a vinyl monomer such as styrene modified with a vegetable oil, in the presence of an amine or an ammoniacal solution to neutralize the acidic groups during the polymerization reaction and allow the incorporation of the polymer into the water.
• the amine may be selected from triethylamine, ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylethanolamine. trimethylamine, ethanolamine, N, N-diethylethanolamine, N-methylethanolamine, N-methylethanolamine, monoisopropanolamine, butanolamine, ethylenediamine, diethylamine and the like.
• the vinyl monomer may be selected from (meth) acrylic monomers and their esters, styrene and its alkyl derivatives, vinyl ethers, and mixtures thereof.
• styrene or a (meth) acrylic derivative is used.
• the resin may be a polyester obtained by reaction of a meth (acrylic) monomer such as acrylic acid with an epoxidized vegetable oil, optionally in the presence of a glycol.
• a meth (acrylic) monomer such as acrylic acid
• an epoxidized vegetable oil optionally in the presence of a glycol.
• glycols mention may be made of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol or butylene glycol.
• the resin is obtained from the mixture of the following raw materials: castor oil, soybean oil, linseed oil, and acrylic acid or styrene.
• the resin is a polyester resin which can be obtained by reaction of at least one polyol with a polycarboxylic acid or an anhydride, optionally in the presence of a vinyl compound as described above or a vegetable oil.
• the polyol may be chosen from glycerol, trimethylolpropane, diethylene glycol, saccharides such as pentaerythritol, sorbitol and mannitol, ethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-butanediol and the like. hexanediol, propylene glycol, 1,3-butylene glycol, pentanediol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, trimethylolethane, methylglucoside, dipentaerythritol, and sorbitol or a mixture thereof.
• the polycarboxylic acid or the anhydride are, for example, chosen from maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, caproic acid, capric acid, adipic acid, benzoic acid, phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, m-phthalic acid, trimellitic acid and mixtures thereof.
• An aromatic acid anhydride is preferred.
• the resin used to coat the fertilizer is preferably in the form of an aqueous dispersion containing, for example, between 20 and 40% by weight of water, and optionally another solvent such as a glycol (butylene glycol or propylene glycol by weight). example).
• the acid number of the resin is, for example, from 10 to 350 mg of KOH / g of resin, preferably from 20 to 200 mg of KOH / g of resin. In one embodiment, the index ranges from 30 to 80 mg KOH / g resin, or 40 to 70 mg KOH / g resin.
• the resin may have a weight average molecular weight (Mw) in the range of 1,000 to 5,000,000 daltons, for example from 3,000 to 1,000,000 daltons, or from 5,000 to 500,000 daltons.
• Mw weight average molecular weight
• cement in the sense of the invention, a mixture of silicates and calcium aluminates, resulting from the combination of lime (CaO) with silica (SiO 2 ), alumina (Al 2 0 3 ), and iron oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ).
• lime can be provided by limestone rocks, while alumina, silica and iron oxide can be provided by clays.
• Magnesium magnesium-based cements are excluded from this definition.
• the cement may be unhydrated in the sense that it contains only trace amounts of water; for example, water is not added during the coating step with the cement.
• the cement is preferably chosen from Portland cements, composite cements, an aluminous cement or a mixture comprising one of the various types of cement mentioned above.
• a composite cement comprises a cement
• Portland and one or more alternative materials such as siliceous and calcic fly ash, blast furnace slag, natural pozzolana, calcined synthetic, silica fume, calcareous filler or calcined shale, or metakaolin.
• slag is a by-product of metallurgy containing metal oxides, mainly silicates, aluminates and lime, which are formed during melting or elaboration of metals by liquid means.
• Pozzolans are compounds of the aluminosilicate or siliceous or calcium alumino-silicate type such as calcined clays, natural or calcined natural pozzolans, natural or calcined volcanic ash, kaolin, metakaolin, fly ash from thermal power plants, fly ash of biomass, silica fumes, flours quartz, rice husk ashes, blast-furnace slags, totally amorphous compounds such as soda-lime crushed glass with a high silica content, glass powders, natural volcanic ash or calcined ash.
• the Portland cement is selected from at least one of the following cements: Portland cement CEM I 52.5 N and R (EN 197-1: 2000 standard), and Portland cement CEM I 42.5 N and R (EN standard 197-1: 2000), Portland cement CEM I 32.5 N and R, and a mixing cement of CEM II, III, IV or V type, for example a CEM II / BM cement type CEM II-Z- 32 ,.
• Portland cement In Brazil, Portland cement is classified into eleven categories: Common Portland Cement (CP I), Composite Portland Cement (CP II) with slag (CP II-E), Pozzolan (CP II-Z) or X (CP II- F), Portland blast furnace cement (CP III), Portland cement pozzolanic (CP IV), Portland cement with high initial strength (CP V-ARI), Portland cement sulphate (RS), Portland cement with low heat Hydration (BC), and White Portland Cement (CPB).
• the cement used in the context of the invention may be CPB-40 cement, CEM IV-32 cement or CEM V-ARI or CP-V-ARI RS.
• the cement is Portland cement of CEM II / B-M type (LL-V) 42.5 R CE CP2 NF, or a mixing cement of CEM IV-32 or CP IV-32 type.
• the cement may be Portland cement or a blend cement containing 15 to 50% by weight of pozzolans.
• the cement may advantageously contain 70 to 80% by weight of clinker, 10 to 15% by weight of limestone, 10 to 15% by weight of ash, and 3 to 4% by weight of gypsum.
• the cement preferably has a particle size of less than 100 ⁇ m (i.e. at least 50%, preferably at least 99% by weight of the cement comprises particles passing through a 100 ⁇ m sieve) and greater than 5 microns.
• the cement preferably has an average particle size D50 of less than 50 ⁇ m and greater than or equal to 10 ⁇ m.
• the cement according to the invention may have an absolute density greater than or equal to 2.6 g / cm 3 , and generally an absolute density of less than or equal to 3.2 g / cm 3 .
• Its Blaine surface area (measured according to standard NF 196-6) is preferably greater than 4000 cm 2 / g, preferably the order of 4400 cm 2 / g to 5200 cm 2 / g.
• Blaine finesse is for example of the order of 4500-4600 cm 2 / g- Fertilizer product
• the fertilizer product may be selected from fertilizers and amendments, and generally any other water-soluble plant nutrition compounds.
• the fertilizers to be coated are preferably in the form of granules which can be obtained by compression, prilling, granulation or by mixing this type of granules.
• the size of the granules is generally of the order of 1 to 5 mm.
• the fertilizer can be chosen from simple or compound fertilizers, binary or ternary.
• the fertilizer can thus be an NPK fertilizer, in the sense that it can contain a source of nitrogen and / or a source of phosphorus and / or a source of potassium.
• the NPK fertilizer preferably contains a source of potassium.
• the fertilizing product of the invention may for example contain one or more fertilizing materials selected from urea, ammonium phosphates, ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, natural phosphate, superphosphate, superphosphate triple, potassium chloride or sulphate, magnesium nitrate, manganese nitrate, zinc nitrate, copper nitrate, phosphoric acid and boric acid.
• fertilizing materials selected from urea, ammonium phosphates, ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, natural phosphate, superphosphate, superphosphate triple, potassium chloride or sulphate, magnesium nitrate, manganese nitrate, zinc nitrate, copper nitrate, phosphoric acid and boric acid.
• the product of the invention may be in the form of a product chosen from root fertilizers, foliar fertilizers or root nutrient solutions.
• the present invention finds application in the fertilization of a very large variety of plants. Among these, we will mention in particular:
• peas - protein crops
• oilseeds sunflower, rapeseed
• sugar crops such as sugar crops (sugar cane, beet), market gardening (lettuce, spinach, tomato, melon), vines, arboriculture (coffee, cocoa, pear, apple, nectarine), or horticulture (roses).
• the cement preferably represents from 0.5 to 9% by weight of the weight of the uncoated fertilizer, preferably from 1 to 7% by weight, more preferably from 3 to 5.5% by weight.
• the resin in the form of an emulsion used for coating the fertilizer represents, for example, from 0.1 to 5% of the weight of the uncoated fertilizer, preferably from 0.5 to 4% by weight, for example between 1 , 5 and 2%
• the mass ratio between the resin and the cement is preferably between 1/1 and 1/6, preferably between 1/2 and 1/5.
• the subject of the invention is also a method of manufacturing a fertilizer product as described above, in a step of manufacturing the granules by granulation, compression or prilling and then in a coating step which consists in spraying an aqueous dispersion of resin fertilizer particles, and then add unhydrated cement powder to these resin-coated fertilizer particles.
• the coating step is carried out either at the output of the granule forming process or by taking granules already formed (blend). In all cases, the granules preferably have a temperature of 30 ° C to 50 ° C at their entry into the coating machine.
• the coating method envisaged can be applied to all coating processes in which the granules are set in motion such as fluidized beds, rotary drums, mobile mixers or mobile tank mixers.
• the presence of a drying agent such as a cobalt salt or a manganese salt is not necessary during the coating of the fertilizer with the resin.
• the resin and the cement may be applied in the same apparatus and, preferably, the resin will be sprayed onto the granules prior to distributing the cement therein.
• one skilled in the art will be able to adjust the spraying temperature of the resin so as to obtain a viscosity suitable for a homogeneous and rapid distribution of the resin on the granules to be coated.
• the emulsion resin which is preferably preheated, is sprayed uniformly onto the fertilizer particle using a nozzle to form a uniform polymer film.
• the amount of resin is adjusted in relation to the size, shape and roughness of the fertilizer particles.
• the fertilizer thus coated may possibly be subjected to an anticlocking treatment known to those skilled in the art to limit the aggregation of the particles during storage of the product.
• the subject of the invention is also a process for spreading a fertilizer product on soils capable of being subjected to a daily rainfall of between 150 and 500 mm of water and / or to an annual rainfall of between 2000 and 3000.
• mm of water which consists of using the fertilizer product described above, for example at a dose of between 100 and 250 kg / ha.
• Figure 7 Dry weight of soybean shoots exposed to four doses of fertilizer according to the invention (Sample B) or uncoated fertilizer (Reference A) Figure 8. Electrical conductivity of a coated NPK fertilizer (7 0 20) according to the invention and the same fertilizer coated with a resin and talc, manufactured at the laboratory scale
• the conductivity electrode in a defined zone, in the "periphery", which will always be the same for the entire series of measurements.
• the electrode is located near the wall of the beaker and its tip is placed at the level of 1.5L graduation
• the principle of these tests is to deposit some granules of fertilizer on a soil column, to simulate a rainfall by watering these granules with a frequency and a quantity of known water then to recover at the bottom of the soil column the leachates for analysis .
• the soil columns are PVC cylinders 40 cm high and 7.5 cm in diameter, filled with 2.3 kg of soil or sand, and on which the fertilizer granules are deposited at a rate of 100 kg / ha. Additions of water simulate 3 types of rain:
• the leachates are collected at the bottom of the column and analyzed by measuring their conductivity and their N, P, K, S or Mg content, so as to trace the evolution of the amount of nutrient leached during the time or depending on the amount of rain.
• T One ton (T) of a NPK fertilizer (03-00-49 made by wet granulation), in the form of granules, was coated successively with a resin in aqueous dispersion and then with a cement, in variable proposals.
• An anti-caking treatment may optionally be performed.
• CEM II / BM Cement (LL-V) 42.5R CE CP2 NF is for example supplied by Lafarge Ciments (Blaine fineness equal to 4542 cm 2 / g). dose dose
• Resin R supplied by Luengo Color, an aqueous dispersion of a branched polyester obtained by copolycondensation reaction of a vinyl monomer such as styrene modified with a mixture of soybean oil, linseed oil and oil of castor oil, in the presence of an ammoniacal solution.
• the dispersion also contains butylene glycol.
• Emultech 040 ® resin provided by the company WTechQuimica, aqueous dispersion of a polysaccharide
• Polymul A40 ® resin supplied by the company Biofragane, polysaccharide-based polyemulsion
• the period of greatest efficiency of the sample C is between the 4 th and 7 th day. From the 8th day, the differences are small ( Figures 1 and 2).
• the fertilizer of the invention makes it possible to modulate the provision of potassium to the plant depending on the volume of precipitation. It is particularly effective when the soil is exposed to intense rainfall.
• the coating of the invention makes it possible to modulate the release profile of the fertilizer according to the meteorological conditions.
• Sample B releases potassium very slowly under intense rain, which contributes to the reduction of interchangeable calcium and magnesium losses. Differences in potassium release profile between the intense and the moderate diet suggest that sample B has a stable balance between protection and release of potassium. The harder the rain, the more potassium is protected. When rainfall is moderate, the proportion of potassium released is greater.
• the fertilizer of the invention makes it possible to modulate the provision of potassium to the plant depending on the volume of precipitation. It is particularly effective when the soil is exposed to intense rainfall.
• the dry weight concentration of the N, S, Ca and Mg shoots was not affected by the treatments, but the accumulated amounts of N and S were associated with the growth response.
• the coated fertilizer according to the invention applied at low and intermediate levels provides a subsequent K uptake by soy compared to the uncoated fertilizer.
• the dry weight concentration of soybean shoots in N, S, Ca and Mg did not change, and the growth of soybeans probably results from the higher uptake in K by the plants on the fertilizer. the invention. The results are shown in Figure 7.
• the objective of this report is to present the K-level results in leaves and grains in response to the treatment compared with samples A and B.
• the leaf concentration in N for sample B was different from that of sample A only at the rate of 200 kg ha -1 of potassium fertilizer, but it did not differ according to the types of fertilizer.
• the leaf concentration in K for sample B was different from that in sample A, but it did not differ according to the types of fertilizer.
• NPK fertilizer (03-00-49 or 07-00-20), manufactured by wet granulation, in the form of granules was coated successively with a resin in aqueous dispersion and then with an unhydrated cement or with talc.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Fertilizers (AREA)

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Citations (10)

• 2014
  • 2014-04-01 WO PCT/FR2014/050780 patent/WO2015150645A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2014-04-01 US US15/301,158 patent/US20170022119A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2014-04-01 EP EP14723459.5A patent/EP3126311B1/fr active Active
  • 2014-04-01 PT PT14723459T patent/PT3126311T/pt unknown
  • 2014-04-01 BR BR112016022820-0A patent/BR112016022820B1/pt active IP Right Grant
  • 2014-04-01 ES ES14723459.5T patent/ES2689133T3/es active Active

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