WO2015149459A1 - 一种测量雾霾污染程度的方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种测量雾霾污染程度的方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015149459A1
WO2015149459A1 PCT/CN2014/083348 CN2014083348W WO2015149459A1 WO 2015149459 A1 WO2015149459 A1 WO 2015149459A1 CN 2014083348 W CN2014083348 W CN 2014083348W WO 2015149459 A1 WO2015149459 A1 WO 2015149459A1
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Prior art keywords
shooting
target object
degree
pollution
visibility
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PCT/CN2014/083348
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈佳
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中兴通讯股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2015149459A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015149459A1/zh

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • G01N21/49Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
    • G01N21/53Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke
    • G01N21/538Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke for determining atmospheric attenuation and visibility

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of electronics and atmospheric science and technology, and more particularly to a method and apparatus for measuring the degree of smog pollution. Background technique
  • the existing smog pollution index forecast can only be used for a wide range of early warnings. If the measurement of smog pollution level can be integrated into the commonly used handheld mobile devices, the degree of smog pollution can be provided quickly and effectively when needed. It is helpful to remind people to carry out timely protection, which is of great social and economic benefits. Summary of the invention
  • Embodiments of the present invention are directed to a method and apparatus for measuring the degree of haze contamination to achieve a rapid and effective measurement of haze contamination.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for measuring the degree of smog pollution, including:
  • the target n The selection of the object satisfies the following conditions:
  • the n targets The object and the m shooting positions are in a straight line.
  • the determining the degree of pollution of the environment based on the image data of each target object that is captured includes:
  • the visibility of the atmosphere is determined based on the image brightness of each of the target objects captured at the m shooting positions.
  • the image brightness of each target object captured at the m shooting positions is determined based on the image data of each target object captured at the m shooting positions, and specifically includes:
  • the image gradation G and the image area LXH of the target object are acquired from the image data of the target object, and the following formula is substituted along with the parameters set at the time of shooting, and the Image brightness of the target object taken at the shooting position
  • The parameters set in the above formula are: Grayscale Joule conversion coefficient, camera aperture size f, image length L of the target and image width H, exposure time taken ⁇ Effective photosensitive area of the sensor s, sensitization The total effective pixel number of the chip A;
  • A1 two rows and two columns of elements are optionally selected in the matrix E, and the four image brightnesses at the intersection of the two rows and two columns of elements relate to two shooting positions and two target objects;
  • A2 In the case where the two target objects involved are located on one side of the two shooting positions involved, the brightness of the two images in the same row is made poorly, respectively 2 ; or, in the case that the two target objects involved are respectively located on both sides of the two shooting positions involved, the brightness of the two images in different rows and different columns is made poor, respectively, and ⁇ and AB are obtained respectively. 2 ;
  • A3 Calculate the visibility of the atmosphere by substituting the distance R 3 between 2 and the two shooting positions corresponding to the selected two-line elements into the following formula:
  • determining the visibility of the atmosphere based on the image brightness of each target object captured at the m shooting positions further comprising: weighting the corresponding atmospheric visibility of each group to obtain a final atmospheric visibility.
  • the determining the degree of pollution of the environment based on the image data of each target object that is captured includes:
  • the determining the degree of pollution of the environment based on the image data of each target object that is captured includes:
  • the image data determines the distribution of the diameter of the contaminant.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a device for measuring the degree of smog pollution, comprising: a shooting module configured to take the same n target objects at m shooting positions, m, n > 2;
  • the processing module is configured to determine the degree of environmental pollution based on the image data of each of the captured target objects.
  • the processing module includes:
  • a brightness determining module configured to determine image brightness of each target object captured at the m shooting positions based on image data of each target object captured at the m shooting positions; a visibility determining module configured to be based on the m The brightness of each target object taken at the shooting position determines the visibility of the atmosphere.
  • the processing module further includes:
  • the pollution condition determination module is configured to determine whether the pollution type is fog or helium based on image data of the sky captured under different illumination conditions after the visibility of the atmosphere is determined to be below the set visibility threshold.
  • the shooting module, the processing module, the brightness determining module, the visibility determining module, and the pollution situation determining module may use a central processing unit (CPU), digital signal processing when performing processing. (DSP, Digital Singnal Processor) or Programmable Array (FPGA).
  • CPU central processing unit
  • DSP Digital Singnal Processor
  • FPGA Programmable Array
  • Shooting the storage device configured to capture the same n target objects at m shooting positions, and save image data of each of the captured target objects, m, n >2; a processor configured to determine an environmental pollution level based on image data of each target object captured;
  • the result display device is configured to show the user the degree of contamination of the environment.
  • the photographing storage device, the processor, and the result display device may use a central processing unit (CPU), a digital signal processor (DSP, digital Singnal Processor), or programmable logic when performing processing.
  • a central processing unit CPU
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • Array FPGA, Field - Programmable Gate Array
  • the embodiment of the present invention has at least the following advantages:
  • the method and device for measuring the degree of smog pollution according to the embodiment of the present invention compared with the prior art, the measurement will be performed without increasing the hardware cost.
  • the integration of smog pollution into terminal devices, such as handheld mobile devices, has become possible.
  • the invention utilizes a hardware device such as a camera, a sensor and a processor of the terminal device instead of a bulky visibility test instrument, and can complete an effective pollution degree measurement at a very low cost, a short time and a low operation difficulty. It can be used as a useful supplement to scientific measurement in the field of civil equipment.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for measuring the degree of smog pollution according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for measuring the degree of smog pollution according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of a device for measuring the degree of smog pollution according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a device for measuring the degree of smog pollution according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a mobile terminal according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an atmospheric visibility test model according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.
  • a first embodiment of the present invention a method for measuring the degree of smog pollution, as shown in Figure 1, includes the following specific steps:
  • Step 100 Shooting the same n target objects at m shooting positions to obtain image data of each target object captured, m, n > 2; the larger the values of m and n are selected, the accuracy of the measurement The higher.
  • n target objects are selected in advance, and the n selected target objects are photographed at m shooting positions, and the selection of the n target objects satisfies the following conditions: the n target objects and the m The shooting positions are all in a straight line.
  • Step 200 determining the degree of environmental pollution based on the captured image data of each target object.
  • step 200 includes:
  • D1 determining image brightness of each target object captured at the m shooting positions based on image data of each target object captured at the m shooting positions;
  • the image gradation G and the image area LXH of the target object are acquired from the image data of the target object, and the following formula is substituted along with the parameters set at the time of shooting, Calculating the image brightness of the target object captured at the shooting position
  • The parameters set in the above formula are: Grayscale Joule Conversion Coefficient, Camera Aperture Size f, Image Length L of Image and Image Width H, Exposure Time of Shooting ⁇ Sensitization The effective photosensitive area s of the chip, the total effective pixel number A of the photosensitive chip;
  • the first behavior is the image brightness of the n target objects captured at the first shooting position
  • the mth behavior is the image brightness of the n target objects captured at the mth shooting position.
  • the visibility of the atmosphere is determined based on the image brightness of each target object captured at the m shooting positions.
  • step D2 includes:
  • the step D2 is further included. Includes:
  • Steps S 1 to S3 are respectively performed in two or more rows and two columns of elements in the matrix E, and the corresponding atmospheric visibility of each group is weighted and averaged to obtain the final atmospheric visibility.
  • step 200 further includes:
  • the distribution law of the diameter of the contaminant is determined based on the image data of the sky taken under different illumination conditions.
  • a method of measuring the degree of smog pollution is introduced by taking the same two target objects at two shooting positions as an example, as shown in FIG. 2 . As shown, the following specific steps are included:
  • Step S101 Shooting the same two target objects at two shooting positions, and obtaining image data of each target object that is captured;
  • step S101 includes:
  • A1 Preselect two target objects. For example: When the user uses the terminal device with shooting function to perform the shooting operation, the user can be prompted to select the target object. The shooting at the two shooting positions is performed for the two targets. The selection of the two target objects must satisfy the following selection conditions: The two shooting positions of the two target objects and the terminal device are in a straight line; When both target objects are located on one side of all shooting positions of the terminal device, two target objects can be selected from far and near, and the distance between the target objects is relative to the shooting location, specifically two shooting positions from the terminal device. Two target objects with different degrees of proximity.
  • the terminal device changes the shooting position by moving
  • the functional modules such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers provided in the terminal device
  • the projection of the actual moving distance of the terminal device on the straight line of the two target objects is calculated, and the distance of the projection is used as the distance between the two shooting positions. Participate in the calculation.
  • the two targets are located in a straight line with respect to the shooting position as much as possible, and the error angle is not more than 30 degrees.
  • A2 Firstly, two target objects are photographed at the first shooting position, and then two target objects are respectively photographed at the second shooting position, and finally image data of each target object photographed at the two shooting positions is obtained.
  • image data of each target object photographed at the two shooting positions is obtained.
  • Step S102 Determine the pollution degree of the current environment based on the captured image data of each target object.
  • step S102 includes:
  • step B1 taking any target object photographed at any shooting position as an example, acquiring image gray level G and image area L x H of the target object from the image data of the target object, together with shooting The parameters set at the time are substituted into the following formula, and the image brightness of the target object taken at the shooting position is calculated:
  • the selected two target objects may be located on one side of all shooting positions of the terminal device, or may be located on both sides of all shooting positions of the terminal device, and are divided into the following two cases to be specific to step B2.
  • the implementation process is described in the following, as follows:
  • the difference between the image brightness of the two target objects at the first shooting position and the difference between the image brightness of the two target objects at the second shooting position are respectively calculated. 2 ; or, in the case that the two target objects are respectively located on both sides of all the shooting positions of the terminal device, respectively calculate the image brightness of the first target object at the first shooting position and the image brightness of the second target object at the second shooting position.
  • a third embodiment of the present invention a method for measuring the degree of smog pollution
  • the method of the embodiment is substantially the same as the second embodiment, except that the method of the embodiment determines the visibility of the current atmosphere.
  • the type of pollution can be further determined.
  • Step S201 shooting the same two target objects at two shooting positions, and obtaining image data of each target object that is captured;
  • Step S202 Determine the pollution degree of the current environment based on the captured image data of each target object.
  • step S202 includes: CI: determining image brightness of each target object captured at two shooting positions based on image data of each target object captured at two shooting positions;
  • C2 Determine the visibility of the current atmosphere based on the image brightness of each target object captured at two shooting positions
  • shooting under different lighting conditions can be achieved by turning on the flash and not turning on the flash.
  • the brightness of the image taken when the flash is not turned on as the background brightness ensures that the exposure time is the same when shooting under different lighting conditions;
  • the image brightness is subtracted from the brightness of the image captured by the flash to obtain the image brightness difference, and the image brightness difference is compared with the set brightness threshold. If it is greater than the set brightness threshold, it is determined to be fog, otherwise it is determined as ⁇ .
  • the visibility threshold and the brightness threshold may be set according to empirical values corresponding to different pollution levels, and may be recorded in the configuration of the terminal device at the time of shipment from the factory, or may be flexibly set by the user using the terminal device according to actual needs, which is not limited herein. .
  • a plurality of visibility thresholds can also be set, and corresponding shooting exposure times are set accordingly, because the lower the visibility, the longer the required exposure time can accurately measure the type of pollution.
  • no matter which visibility threshold range the visibility falls into it is only necessary to ensure that the exposure time at the time of shooting under different illumination conditions is the same every time the brightness difference is calculated.
  • the step C3 of the embodiment of the present invention further includes:
  • the distribution law of the diameter of the contaminant is determined based on the image data of the sky taken under different illumination conditions.
  • the three primary colors (red, green, and blue) of the image captured by the flash can be brighted.
  • the distribution of the diameter of the pollutants can be obtained by using the scattering law of the atmospheric particles according to the difference of the brightness of the above three primary colors. In this way, the user of the terminal device can be provided together with the pollution type and the visibility of the atmosphere, so that the user can quickly know the current atmospheric pollution.
  • the apparatus corresponding to the method of the second embodiment provides a device for measuring the degree of smog pollution, as shown in FIG. 4, and includes the following components:
  • the shooting module S100 is configured to shoot the same two target objects at both shooting positions;
  • the two target objects need to be pre-selected, and the shooting at the two shooting positions is performed for the two targets.
  • the selection of the two target objects satisfies the following conditions: Two shootings of the two target objects and the terminal device The positions are all in a straight line.
  • the processing module S200 is configured to determine the pollution degree of the current environment based on the image data of each target object that is captured.
  • processing module S200 includes the following modules:
  • the brightness determining module S201 is configured to determine image brightness of each target object captured at the two shooting positions based on image data of each target object captured at the two shooting positions;
  • the brightness determination module S201 acquires the image gradation G and the image area L x H of the target object from the image data of the target object for any target object captured at any of the shooting positions, together with the setting at the time of shooting.
  • the parameters are substituted together into the following formula to calculate the image brightness of the target object taken at the shooting position? m :
  • the parameters set in the above formula include: Grayscale Joule conversion factor, camera aperture size f, image length L of the subject and image width H, exposure time taken ⁇ Sensing The effective photosensitive area s of the chip, the total effective pixel number A of the photosensitive chip; the visibility determining module S202, configured to determine the visibility of the current atmosphere based on the brightness of each target object captured at the two shooting positions, and the atmospheric visibility can reflect the current The degree of environmental pollution.
  • the embodiment of the present invention allows: the selected two target objects may be located at one side of all shooting positions of the terminal device, or may be located at both sides of all shooting positions of the terminal device, and are divided into the following two cases for the visibility determining module S202.
  • the specific functions are described in the following description: In the case where both target objects are located on one side of all the shooting positions of the terminal device, the difference between the image brightness of the two target objects at the first shooting position and the second shooting position are respectively calculated.
  • the difference in image brightness of the target objects is 2 ; or, in the case where the two target objects are respectively located on both sides of all the shooting positions of the terminal device, the image brightness of the first target object at the first shooting position and the second shooting position are respectively calculated a difference image of image brightness of the luminance difference image brightness of the second target object, and a second target object at a first position of the first imaging target object 2 at a second imaging position; then, 2 , together with the distance R 3 between the two shooting positions, substitute the following formula to calculate the visibility of the current atmosphere:
  • a fifth embodiment of the present invention is an apparatus for measuring the degree of smog pollution.
  • the apparatus of the present embodiment is substantially the same as the fourth embodiment, except that the apparatus of the embodiment determines the visibility of the current atmosphere. The type of pollution can be further determined.
  • the processing module S200 in the apparatus for measuring the degree of smog pollution in the embodiment further includes: a pollution situation determining module S203 configured to determine the visibility of the current atmosphere. Whether the atmospheric visibility is lower than the set visibility threshold, and if so, based on the image data of the sky captured under different illumination conditions, determining whether the pollution type is fog or sputum, otherwise indicating that the pollution level has not been reached, and the action is not performed. .
  • shooting under different lighting conditions can be achieved by turning on the flash and not turning on the flash.
  • the brightness of the image taken when the flash is not turned on as the background brightness ensures that the exposure time is the same when shooting under different lighting conditions;
  • the image brightness is subtracted from the brightness of the image captured by the flash to obtain the image brightness difference, and the image brightness difference is compared with the set brightness threshold. If it is greater than the set brightness threshold, it is determined to be fog, otherwise it is determined as ⁇ .
  • the visibility threshold and the brightness threshold may be set according to empirical values corresponding to different pollution levels, and may be recorded in the configuration of the terminal device at the time of shipment from the factory, or may be flexibly set by the user using the terminal device according to actual needs, which is not limited herein. .
  • a plurality of visibility thresholds can also be set, and corresponding shooting exposure times are set accordingly, because the lower the visibility, the longer the required exposure time can accurately measure the type of pollution.
  • no matter which visibility threshold range the visibility falls into it is only necessary to ensure that the exposure time at the time of shooting under different illumination conditions is the same every time the brightness difference is calculated.
  • the processing module S200 of the embodiment of the present invention is further configured to:
  • a terminal device as shown in FIG. 6, includes the following components:
  • the photographing storage device 10 is configured to photograph the same two target objects at both shooting positions, and save image data of each of the photographed target objects.
  • the photographing function performed by the photographing storage device 10 corresponds to the function performed by the photographing module in the third embodiment. 2)
  • the processor 20 is configured to determine the pollution level of the current environment based on the captured image data of each target object.
  • the functions performed by the processor 20 correspond to the functions performed by the processing module in the third embodiment.
  • the result display device 30 is configured to show the user the degree of contamination of the current environment.
  • the result display device 30 may be a display, display the pollution degree of the current environment through the screen, or may be an audio player, and notify the user of the pollution degree of the current environment by means of voice playback, but is not limited to the above two display devices, all Devices that can inform users of current pollution level information.
  • the terminal device in the embodiment of the present invention may be a currently powerful handheld mobile communication terminal, and may be a camera, a tablet computer or the like having the above functional components, but is not limited thereto.
  • the processor 20 of the terminal device may also need to call an accelerometer, a gyroscope, and a magnetometer provided in the terminal device to participate in the measurement and use the measured result for the calculation process.
  • this embodiment provides an application example of pollution level measurement in conjunction with FIG.
  • the embodiment mainly utilizes a zoomable high-pixel digital camera, a white LED flash, a MEMS accelerometer, a gyroscope, a magnetic field strength meter and the like which are already provided by the existing mobile communication terminal device, and combines software image recognition, digital filtering, data extraction and The discriminating operation measures the current meteorological optical path MOR, the extent to which the atmosphere scatters light of different wavelengths of light. It avoids the large volume, long time and high cost of professional instruments when measuring MOR. With a certain degree of accuracy, the tester only needs to shoot at two locations, without the need to invest in additional hardware costs.
  • V ie meteorological optical range MOR
  • target brightness distance
  • V the unit is m.
  • the atmospheric visibility test method model as shown in FIG. 4 can be established, and the terminal device photographs two targets ⁇ , ⁇ 2 at the shooting point C1, respectively, and obtains the brightness of the two targets respectively, and the B l2 terminal device is at the shooting point.
  • C2 shoots two targets in the distance, and the brightness of the two targets is B 21 and B 21 respectively .
  • the distance of the target T2 from the photographing point C1 is that the distance of the target T1 from the photographing point C1 is R 2 , and the distance between the two photographing points is R 3 .
  • the atmospheric visibility V can be obtained according to the following relationship:
  • the distance R 3 between the two shooting points can be accurately obtained by processing the data of the accelerometer, the gyroscope, the magnetometer, etc. after the scheme is implemented.
  • the image brightness of the target object is extracted by the following formula: m :
  • m is in units of J•r' 1 ⁇ 1 ⁇ m— 2 ;
  • S is the effective photosensitive area of the chip;
  • A is the total effective number of pixels of the sensor.
  • the atmospheric visibility V it can be determined whether the current visibility reaches the pollution level by comparing with the set visibility threshold. If the visibility is low, the physical information of the suspended particles in the air can be continuously determined to determine the pollution. degree.
  • the particle scattering law of the particles obtains the distribution law of the diameter of the pollutants, determines the type of current pollution, the degree of pollution, etc., to output data and alarm information.
  • the first step start running, get the camera information, complete the first position information and brightness information collection. Focus the camera to the farthest end, automatically select a clear object with a large difference from the background, and temporarily store the image information of the object so that it can be automatically matched in the fourth step.
  • the camera is focused to the nearer end, and a clear object with a large difference from the background is automatically selected, and the image information of the object is temporarily stored, so that the fourth step automatically matches.
  • the handheld device moves a distance, and uses an accelerometer, a gyroscope, and a magnetometer to calculate the distance the handheld device moves.
  • the camera is focused to the farthest end, and the remote object identified in the first step is matched, and the image information of the object is temporarily stored.
  • the camera is focused to the near end, and the near-end object identified in the first step is matched, and the image information of the object is temporarily stored.
  • the brightness of the object measured four times is calculated according to the equations (2) and (3), and the current atmospheric visibility is further calculated.
  • the seventh step is to determine whether the current atmospheric visibility is lower than the visibility threshold set by the terminal device at the time of shipment, and if so, continue to measure the range of the main suspended particles in the atmosphere, otherwise it is considered that the pollution has not yet been reached. Dye level, no action.
  • the camera is oriented toward the unobstructed sky, the flash is turned on, the flash is turned on, and the same exposure time is taken to obtain the brightness of the image under different illumination conditions, and the brightness difference of the image under different illumination conditions is taken. Compare the set brightness threshold to determine if the type of contamination is fog or helium.
  • the brightness corresponding to the three primary colors (red, green, and blue) of the image taken by the flash is respectively subtracted from the corresponding brightness of the three primary colors of the image captured by the flash to obtain three brightness differences, according to the above three primary colors.
  • the difference in brightness is obtained by using the law of atmospheric particle meter scattering to obtain the distribution of the diameter of the contaminant to output data and alarm information.
  • the method and device for measuring the degree of smog pollution integrates measurement smog pollution into a terminal device, such as a handheld mobile device, without increasing hardware cost, compared with the prior art. It became possible.
  • the invention utilizes a hardware device such as a camera, a sensor and a processor of the terminal device instead of a bulky visibility test instrument, and can complete an effective pollution degree measurement at a very low cost, a short time and a low operation difficulty. .
  • the degree of smog pollution and the statistical relationship between the type of smog and visibility the current air pollution level can be better reflected, which can be used as a useful supplement for scientific measurement instruments in the civilian field.
  • the above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
  • INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The method and apparatus for measuring the degree of smog pollution according to an embodiment of the present invention integrates measurement smog pollution into a terminal device without increasing hardware cost, such as: hand-held movement, compared with the prior art. In the device, it becomes possible.
  • the invention utilizes a hardware device such as a camera, a sensor and a processor of the terminal device itself, instead of a bulky visibility test instrument, Low cost, short time, low operational difficulty, and measurement of effective pollution levels can be a useful complement to the application of scientific measurements in the field of civil equipment.

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Abstract

一种测量雾霾污染程度的方法及装置,该方法包括:在m个拍摄位置处均对相同的n个目标物体进行拍摄,基于所拍摄的各目标物体的图像数据,确定出环境的污染程度,m、n≥2。该装置包括:拍摄模块(S100)和处理模块(S200)。该方法和装置能够将测量雾霾污染集成到终端设备,代替体积庞大的能见度测试仪器,完成有效的污染程度测量。

Description

一种测量雾霾污染程度的方法及装置 技术领域
本发明涉及电子及大气科学技术领域, 尤其涉及一种测量雾霾污染程 度的方法及装置。 背景技术
随着社会经济发展和工业化进程, 全球污染形势不断加剧。 尤其是冬 季各种能源需求激增, 燃烧和工业活动产生的大量污染物无法及时扩散时, 往往产生严重的雾霾天气, 极大的危害人民群众的生命财产安全。 常见的 雾霾污染程度测量, 主要通过专用仪器精确测量气体的通量、 不同粒径颗 粒的吸收程度, 虽然测量结果精确度高, 但是所需的测试仪器体积巨大, 测量时间长, 成本、 耗电也较高。
现有的雾霾污染指数预报只能做大范围的预警, 如果能将雾霾污染程 度的测量集成到人们常用的手持移动设备上, 在需要时能够快捷、 有效的 提供雾霾污染程度, 以利于提醒人们进行及时的防护, 是具有极大的社会 效益和经济效益的。 发明内容
本发明实施例希望提供一种测量雾霾污染程度的方法及装置, 实现快 速、 有效的雾霾污染程度测量。
本发明实施例提供了一种测量雾霾污染程度的方法, 包括:
在 m个拍摄位置处均对相同的 n个目标物体进行拍摄, 基于所拍摄的 各目标物体的图像数据, 确定出环境的污染程度, m、 n > 20 上述方案中, 所述 n个目标物体的选取满足如下条件: 所述 n个目标 物体与所述 m个拍摄位置均位于一条直线上。
上述方案中, 所述基于所拍摄的各目标物体的图像数据, 确定出环境 的污染程度, 具体包括:
基于所述 m个拍摄位置处所拍摄的各目标物体的图像数据, 确定所述 m个拍摄位置处所拍摄的各目标物体的图像亮度;
基于所述 m个拍摄位置处所拍摄的各目标物体的图像亮度, 确定出大 气的能见度。
上述方案中, 所述基于所述 m个拍摄位置处所拍摄的各目标物体的图 像数据, 确定所述 m个拍摄位置处所拍摄的各目标物体的图像亮度, 具体 包括:
针对任一拍摄位置处所拍摄的任一目标物体, 从该目标物体的图像数 据中获取该目标物体的图像灰度 G和图像面积 L X H,连同拍摄时设定的参 数一起代入如下公式, 计算出在该拍摄位置处所拍摄的该目标物体的图像 亮度
D_ 40ξΐ2ΣΗ
β= 上面公式中拍摄时设定的参数包括: 灰度焦耳转换系数 、摄像头的光 圈大小 f、 拍摄目标的图像长度 L和图像宽度 H、 拍摄的曝光时间 ^ 感光 芯片的有效感光面积 s、 感光芯片的总有效像素数目 A;
得到 m x n个图像亮度的矩阵 E, 如下:
Figure imgf000003_0001
所述基于所述 m个拍摄位置处所拍摄的各目标物体的图像亮度, 确定 出大气的能见度, 具体包括:
A1 : 在矩阵 E中任选两行两列元素, 在所述两行两列元素相交处的四 个图像亮度涉及两个拍摄位置和两个目标物体;
A2 : 在所述涉及的两个目标物体均位于所述涉及的两个拍摄位置的一 侧的情况下, 对处于同一行的两个图像亮度做差, 分别得到
Figure imgf000004_0001
2 ; 或 者, 在所述涉及的两个目标物体分别位于所述涉及的两个拍摄位置的两侧 的情况下, 对处于不同行且不同列的两个图像亮度做差, 分别得到 ^和 AB2
A3: 将 和 2, 连同选取的两行元素对应的两个拍摄位置处之间的 距离 R3—起代入如下公式, 计算出大气的能见度:
Figure imgf000004_0002
上述方案中, 所述基于所述 m个拍摄位置处所拍摄的各目标物体的图 像亮度, 确定出大气的能见度, 还包括: 将每组对应的大气能见度进行加权平均得到最终的大气能见度。
上述方案中, 所述基于所拍摄的各目标物体的图像数据, 确定出环境 的污染程度, 还包括:
在确定出大气的能见度之后, 当所述大气能见度低于设定的能见度阈 值时, 基于不同光照条件下所拍摄的天空的图像数据, 确定污染类型是雾 还是霾。
上述方案中, 所述基于所拍摄的各目标物体的图像数据, 确定出环境 的污染程度, 还包括:
在确定污染类型是雾的情况下, 基于不同光照条件下所拍摄的天空的 图像数据确定污染物直径的分布规律。
本发明实施例还提供了一种测量雾霾污染程度的装置, 包括: 拍摄模块, 配置为在 m个拍摄位置处均对相同的 n个目标物体进行拍 摄, m、 n > 2;
处理模块, 配置为基于所拍摄的各目标物体的图像数据, 确定出环境 的污染程度。
上述方案中, 所述 n个目标物体的选取满足如下条件: 所述 n个目标 物体与所述 m个拍摄位置均位于一条直线上。 上述方案中, 所述处理模块, 包括:
亮度确定模块, 配置为基于所述 m个拍摄位置处所拍摄的各目标物体 的图像数据, 确定所述 m个拍摄位置处所拍摄的各目标物体的图像亮度; 能见度确定模块, 配置为基于所述 m个拍摄位置处所拍摄的各目标物 体的亮度, 确定出大气的能见度。
上述方案中, 所述处理模块, 还包括:
污染情况确定模块, 配置为在确定出大气的能见度之后, 当所述大气 能见度低于设定的能见度阈值时, 基于不同光照条件下所拍摄的天空的图 像数据, 确定污染类型是雾还是霾。
所述拍摄模块、 所述处理模块、 所述亮度确定模块、 所述能见度确定 模块、 所述污染情况确定模块在执行处理时, 可以釆用中央处理器(CPU, Central Processing Unit ), 数字信号处理器 ( DSP, Digital Singnal Processor ) 或可编程逻辑阵列 (FPGA, Field - Programmable Gate Array ) 实现。 本发明实施例还提供了一种终端设备, 包括:
拍摄存储装置, 配置为在 m个拍摄位置处均对相同的 n个目标物体进 行拍摄, 并保存所拍摄的各目标物体的图像数据, m、 n > 2; 处理器, 配置为基于所拍摄的各目标物体的图像数据, 确定出环境的 污染程度;
结果展示装置, 配置为向用户展示环境的污染程度。
所述拍摄存储装置、 所述处理器、 所述结果展示装置在执行处理时, 可以釆用中央处理器( CPU, Central Processing Unit )、数字信号处理器( DSP, Digital Singnal Processor )或可编程逻辑阵列( FPGA, Field - Programmable Gate Array ) 实现。
釆用上述技术方案, 本发明实施例至少具有下列优点: 本发明实施例的所述测量雾霾污染程度的方法及装置, 与现有技术相 比较, 在不增加硬件成本的情况下, 将测量雾霾污染集成到终端设备, 比 如: 手持移动设备中, 变成了可能。 本发明利用终端设备本身的摄像头、 传感器、 处理器等硬件设备, 代替体积庞大的能见度测试仪器, 能够以极 低的成本, 较短的时间, 较低的操作难度, 完成有效的污染程度的测量, 可以作为科学测量在民用设备领域应用的一个有益的补充。 附图说明
图 1 为本发明第一实施例的测量雾霾污染程度的方法流程图; 图 2 为本发明第二实施例的测量雾霾污染程度的方法流程图; 图 3 为本发明第三实施例的步骤 S202的具体流程图;
图 4 为本发明第四实施例的测量雾霾污染程度的装置组成结构示意 图;
图 5 为本发明第五实施例的测量雾霾污染程度的装置组成结构示意 图;
图 6 为本发明第六实施例的移动终端的结构示意图;
图 7 为本发明第七实施例的大气能见度测试模型示意图。 具体实施方式 下结合附图及较佳实施例, 对本发明进行详细说明如后。
本发明第一实施例, 一种测量雾霾污染程度的方法, 如图 1 所示, 包 括以下具体步骤:
步骤 100, 在 m个拍摄位置处均对相同的 n个目标物体进行拍摄, 得 到所拍摄的各目标物体的图像数据, m、 n > 2; m和 n的数值选择的越大, 测量的精度越高。
具体的, 预先选取 n个目标物体, 在 m个拍摄位置处均对预先选取的 这 n个目标物体进行拍摄, 该 n个目标物体的选取满足如下条件: 所述 n 个目标物体与所述 m个拍摄位置均位于一条直线上。
步骤 200,基于所拍摄的各目标物体的图像数据, 确定出环境的污染程 度。
具体的, 步骤 200包括:
D1 : 基于所述 m个拍摄位置处所拍摄的各目标物体的图像数据, 确定 所述 m个拍摄位置处所拍摄的各目标物体的图像亮度;
具体的, 针对任一拍摄位置处所拍摄的任一目标物体, 从该目标物体 的图像数据中获取该目标物体的图像灰度 G和图像面积 L X H,连同拍摄时 设定的参数一起代入如下公式, 计算出在该拍摄位置处所拍摄的该目标物 体的图像亮度
D_ 40ξΐ2ΣΗ
β= 上面公式中拍摄时设定的参数包括: 灰度焦耳转换系数 、摄像头的光 圈大小 f、 拍摄目标的图像长度 L和图像宽度 H、 拍摄的曝光时间 ^ 感光 芯片的有效感光面积 s、 感光芯片的总有效像素数目 A;
得到 m x n个图像亮度的矩阵 E, 如下:
Figure imgf000008_0001
矩阵 E中, 不同的行对应不同的拍摄位置, 不同的列对应不同的目标 物体, 具体的说, 第一行为在第一拍摄位置处所拍摄的所述 n个目标物体 的图像亮度, 以此类推, 第 m行为在第 m拍摄位置处所拍摄的所述 n个目 标物体的图像亮度。
D2: 基于所述 m个拍摄位置处所拍摄的各目标物体的图像亮度, 确定 出大气的能见度。
具体的, 步骤 D2包括:
S1 : 在矩阵 E中任选两行两列元素, 在所述两行两列元素相交处的四 个图像亮度涉及两个拍摄位置和两个目标物体;
S2: 在所述涉及的两个目标物体均位于所述涉及的两个拍摄位置的一 侧的情况下, 对处于同一行的两个图像亮度做差, 分别得到
Figure imgf000008_0002
2 ; 或 者, 在所述涉及的两个目标物体分别位于所述涉及的两个拍摄位置的两侧 的情况下, 对处于不同行且不同列的两个图像亮度做差, 分别得到 ^和 AB2
S3: 将
Figure imgf000008_0003
2, 连同选取的两行元素对应的两个拍摄位置处之间的 距离 R3—起代入如下公式, 计算出大气的能见度:
Figure imgf000008_0004
优选的, 为了进一步提高测量的精度, 减少误差, 所述步骤 D2, 还包 括:
S4: 将在矩阵 E中任选两组以上的两行两列元素分别执行步骤 S 1 ~S3, 将每组对应的大气能见度进行加权平均得到最终的大气能见度。
优选的, 步骤 200, 还包括:
在确定出大气的能见度之后, 当所述大气能见度低于设定的能见度阈 值时, 基于不同光照条件下所拍摄的天空的图像数据, 确定污染类型是雾 还是霾。
进一步的, 在确定污染类型是雾的情况下, 基于不同光照条件下所拍 摄的天空的图像数据确定污染物直径的分布规律。
本发明第二实施例, 从降低操作复杂度的角度考虑, 以在两个拍摄位 置处均对相同的两个目标物体进行拍摄为例, 介绍一种测量雾霾污染程度 的方法, 如图 2所示, 包括以下具体步骤:
步骤 S101, 在两个拍摄位置处均对相同的两个目标物体进行拍摄, 得 到所拍摄的各目标物体的图像数据;
具体的, 步骤 S101包括:
A1 : 预先选取两个目标物体。 比如: 当用户使用具备拍摄功能的终端 设备设置执行拍摄操作时, 可以提示用户进行目标物体的选取。 在两个拍 摄位置处的拍摄均是针对这两个目标进行的, 这两个目标物体的选取须满 足如下选取条件: 两个目标物体与终端设备的两个拍摄位置均位于一条直 线上; 在两个目标物体均位于终端设备所有拍摄位置的一侧的情况下, 可 以选取远近两个目标物体, 目标物体的远近均是相对于拍摄地点而言的, 具体是两个距离终端设备拍摄位置的远近程度不相同的两个目标物体。
本实施例中, 为了保证两个拍摄位置之间的连线与两个目标物体之间 的连线基本上在一条直线上, 可以在终端设备通过移动改变拍摄位置时, 利用终端设备所具备的加速度计、 陀螺仪、 磁强计等功能模块算出终端设 备实际移动距离在两个目标物体所在直线上的投影, 釆用该投影的距离作 为两个拍摄位置之间的距离参与计算。 另外, 在两个目标物体均位于终端 设备所有拍摄位置的一侧的情况下, 对于远近两个目标尽量要求与拍摄位 置位于一条直线上, 误差角度不超过 30度为宜。
A2: 先在第一拍摄位置处分别对两个目标物体进行拍摄, 再在第二拍 摄位置处分别对两个目标物体进行拍摄, 最终得到两个拍摄位置处所拍摄 的各目标物体的图像数据。 当然, 也可以分四次在上述拍摄位置对两个目 标进行拍摄。
步骤 S102, 基于所拍摄的各目标物体的图像数据, 确定出当前环境的 污染程度。
具体的, 步骤 S102包括:
B1 : 基于两个拍摄位置处所拍摄的各目标物体的图像数据, 确定两个 拍摄位置处所拍摄的各目标物体的图像亮度;
进一步的, 在步骤 B1中, 以针对任一拍摄位置处所拍摄的任一目标物 体为例, 从该目标物体的图像数据中获取该目标物体的图像灰度 G和图像 面积 L x H, 连同拍摄时设定的参数一起代入如下公式, 计算出在该拍摄位 置处所拍摄的该目标物体的图像亮度 :
_ 40ξΐ2ΣΗ
m _~ π^Α 上面公式中拍摄时设定的参数包括: 灰度焦耳转换系数 、摄像头的光 圈大小 f、 拍摄目标的图像长度 L和图像宽度 H、 拍摄的曝光时间 ^ 感光 芯片的有效感光面积 s、 感光芯片的总有效像素数目 A;
B2: 基于两个拍摄位置处所拍摄的各目标物体的图像亮度, 确定出当 前大气的能见度, 大气能见度能够反映出当前环境的污染程度。 进一步的, 由于本发明实施例容许: 选取的两个目标物体可能位于终 端设备所有拍摄位置的一侧, 也可能位于终端设备所有拍摄位置的两侧, 分为以下两种情况对步骤 B2的具体实施过程加以说明书, 如下:
在两个目标物体均位于终端设备所有拍摄位置的一侧的情况下, 分别 计算第一拍摄位置处两个目标物体的图像亮度之差 以及第二拍摄位置 处两个目标物体的图像亮度之差 2 ; 或者, 在两个目标物体分别位于终端 设备所有拍摄位置两侧的情况下, 分别计算第一拍摄位置处第一目标物体 的图像亮度与第二拍摄位置处第二目标物体的图像亮度之差 、 以及第一 拍摄位置处第二目标物体的图像亮度与第二拍摄位置处第一目标物体的图 像亮度之差 2; 将 和 2, 连同两个拍摄位置处之间的距离 R3—起代入如下公式, 计算出当前大气的能见度:
Figure imgf000011_0001
本发明第三实施例, 一种测量雾霾污染程度的方法, 本实施例所述方 法与第二实施例大致相同, 区别在于本实施例的所述方法在确定出当前大 气的能见度之后, 还能进一步确定出污染类型。
本实施例的测量雾霾污染程度的方法, 包括以下具体步骤:
步骤 S201, 在两个拍摄位置处均对相同的两个目标物体进行拍摄, 得 到所拍摄的各目标物体的图像数据;
步骤 S202, 基于所拍摄的各目标物体的图像数据, 确定出当前环境的 污染程度。
具体的, 如图 3所示, 步骤 S202包括: CI : 基于两个拍摄位置处所拍摄的各目标物体的图像数据, 确定两个 拍摄位置处所拍摄的各目标物体的图像亮度;
C2: 基于两个拍摄位置处所拍摄的各目标物体的图像亮度, 确定出当 前大气的能见度;
C3: 在确定出当前大气的能见度之后, 判断所述大气能见度是否低于 设定的能见度阈值, 若是, 则基于不同光照条件下所拍摄的天空的图像数 据, 确定污染类型是雾还是霾, 否则说明还未达到污染的水平, 暂不动作。
进一步的, 不同光照条件下的拍摄, 可以通过开闪光灯和不开闪光灯 来实现, 不开闪光灯时拍摄的图像亮度作为背景亮度, 保证不同光照条件 下拍摄时的曝光时间一致; 后续将开闪光灯拍摄的图像亮度减去不开闪光 灯拍摄的图像亮度得到图像亮度差值, 将该图像亮度差值与设定的亮度阈 值作比较, 若大于设定的亮度阈值, 则判定为雾, 否则判定为霾。 该能见度阈值以及该亮度阈值均可以根据不同污染程度对应的经验值 设定, 记录在终端设备出厂时的配置中, 也可以由使用终端设备的用户根 据实际需求灵活设定, 此处不做限定。 优选的, 根据需求的精确程度, 还可以设定若干能见度阈值, 对应的 设置不同的拍摄曝光时间, 因为能见度越低, 所需曝光时间越长才能够较 准确测量出污染的类型。 此时, 不管能见度落入哪个能见度阈值范围, 只 要保证每次计算亮度差值时, 不同光照条件下拍摄时的曝光时间一致即可。 优选的, 若想更进一步的获取在污染类型是雾的情况下污染物的信息, 本发明实施例的步骤 C3还包括:
在确定污染类型是雾的情况下, 基于不同光照条件下所拍摄的天空的 图像数据确定污染物直径的分布规律。
具体的, 可以将开闪光灯拍摄的图像三原色 (红、 绿、 蓝)对应的亮 度分别减去不开闪光灯拍摄的图像三原色对应亮度得到三种亮度差值, 在 大气科学技术领域中, 可以根据上述三原色的亮度差值利用大气颗粒米散 射规律得出污染物直径的分布规律, 这样就可以与污染类型、 大气能见度 等数据一同提供给终端设备的用户, 使用户快速获知当前大气的污染情况。
本发明第四实施例, 本实施例与第二实施例的所述方法对应的提供一 种测量雾霾污染程度的装置, 如图 4所示, 包括以下组成部分:
1 )拍摄模块 S100, 配置为在两个拍摄位置处均对相同两个目标物体进 行拍摄;
具体的, 两个目标物体需要预先选取, 在两个拍摄位置处的拍摄均是 针对这两个目标进行的, 两个目标物体的选取满足如下条件: 两个目标物 体与终端设备的两个拍摄位置均位于一条直线上。
2 )处理模块 S200, 配置为基于所拍摄的各目标物体的图像数据, 确定 出当前环境的污染程度。
具体的, 处理模块 S200包括以下模块:
亮度确定模块 S201, 配置为基于两个拍摄位置处所拍摄的各目标物体 的图像数据, 确定两个拍摄位置处所拍摄的各目标物体的图像亮度;
进一步的, 亮度确定模块 S201针对任一拍摄位置处所拍摄的任一目标 物体, 从该目标物体的图像数据中获取该目标物体的图像灰度 G和图像面 积 L x H, 连同拍摄时设定的参数一起代入如下公式, 计算出在该拍摄位置 处所拍摄的该目标物体的图像亮度 ?m
_ 40ξΐ2ΣΗ 上面公式中拍摄时设定的参数包括: 灰度焦耳转换系数 、摄像头的光 圈大小 f、 拍摄目标的图像长度 L和图像宽度 H、 拍摄的曝光时间 ^ 感光 芯片的有效感光面积 s、 感光芯片的总有效像素数目 A; 能见度确定模块 S202, 配置为基于两个拍摄位置处所拍摄的各目标物 体的亮度, 确定出当前大气的能见度, 大气能见度能够反映出当前环境的 污染程度。
进一步的, 由于本发明实施例容许: 选取的两个目标物体可能位于终 端设备所有拍摄位置的一侧, 也可能位于终端设备所有拍摄位置的两侧, 分为以下两种情况对能见度确定模块 S202的具体功能加以说明书, 如下: 在两个目标物体均位于终端设备所有拍摄位置的一侧的情况下, 分别 计算第一拍摄位置处两个目标物体的图像亮度之差 以及第二拍摄位置 处两个目标物体的图像亮度之差 2 ; 或者, 在两个目标物体分别位于终端 设备所有拍摄位置两侧的情况下, 分别计算第一拍摄位置处第一目标物体 的图像亮度与第二拍摄位置处第二目标物体的图像亮度之差 、 以及第一 拍摄位置处第二目标物体的图像亮度与第二拍摄位置处第一目标物体的图 像亮度之差 2; 然后将
Figure imgf000014_0001
2, 连同两个拍摄位置处之间的距离 R3—起代入如下公 式, 计算出当前大气的能见度:
Figure imgf000014_0002
本发明第五实施例, 一种测量雾霾污染程度的装置, 本实施例所述装 置与第四实施例大致相同, 区别在于本实施例的所述装置在确定出当前大 气的能见度之后, 还能进一步确定出污染类型。
具体的, 如图 5 所示, 本实施例的测量雾霾污染程度的装置中的处理 模块 S200, 还包括: 污染情况确定模块 S203, 配置为在确定出当前大气的能见度之后, 判 断所述大气能见度是否低于设定的能见度阈值, 若是, 则基于不同光照条 件下所拍摄的天空的图像数据, 确定污染类型是雾还是霾, 否则说明还未 达到污染的水平, 暂不动作。
进一步的, 不同光照条件下的拍摄, 可以通过开闪光灯和不开闪光灯 来实现, 不开闪光灯时拍摄的图像亮度作为背景亮度, 保证不同光照条件 下拍摄时的曝光时间一致; 后续将开闪光灯拍摄的图像亮度减去不开闪光 灯拍摄的图像亮度得到图像亮度差值, 将该图像亮度差值与设定的亮度阈 值作比较, 若大于设定的亮度阈值, 则判定为雾, 否则判定为霾。 该能见度阈值以及该亮度阈值均可以根据不同污染程度对应的经验值 设定, 记录在终端设备出厂时的配置中, 也可以由使用终端设备的用户根 据实际需求灵活设定, 此处不做限定。 优选的, 根据需求的精确程度, 还可以设定若干能见度阈值, 对应的 设置不同的拍摄曝光时间, 因为能见度越低, 所需曝光时间越长才能够较 准确测量出污染的类型。 此时, 不管能见度落入哪个能见度阈值范围, 只 要保证每次计算亮度差值时, 不同光照条件下拍摄时的曝光时间一致即可。 优选的, 若想更进一步的获取在污染类型是雾的情况下污染物的信息, 本发明实施例的处理模块 S200还配置为:
在确定污染类型是雾的情况下, 基于不同光照条件下所拍摄的天空的 图像数据确定污染物直径的分布规律。 本发明第六实施例, 一种终端设备, 如图 6所示, 包括以下组成部分:
1 )拍摄存储装置 10, 配置为在两个拍摄位置处均对相同的两个目标物 体进行拍摄, 并保存所拍摄的各目标物体的图像数据。
具体的, 拍摄存储装置 10所完成的拍摄功能与第三实施例中的拍摄模 块所完成的功能对应。 2 )处理器 20, 配置为基于所拍摄的各目标物体的图像数据, 确定出当 前环境的污染程度。
具体的, 处理器 20所完成的功能与第三实施例中的处理模块所完成的 功能对应。
3 )结果展示装置 30,配置为向用户展示当前环境的污染程度。具体的, 结果展示装置 30可以是显示器, 通过屏幕显示当前环境的污染程度, 也可 以是音频播放器, 通过语音播放的方式告知用户当前环境的污染程度, 但 不限于上述两种展示设备, 所有能够告知用户当前污染程度信息的设备均 可。
本发明实施例的终端设备可以是目前功能强大的手持移动通讯终端, 可以是具有上述功能组件的相机、 平板电脑等, 但不限于此。 终端设备的 处理器 20在进行运算处理时,可能还需要调用终端设备所具备的加速度计、 陀螺仪、 磁强计参与测量并将测量的结果用于计算处理。
本发明第七实施例, 在上述实施例的基础上, 本实施例结合图 6提供 一个污染程度测量的应用实例。 本实施例主要利用现有移动通讯终端设备 已经具备的可变焦高像素数码相机,白光 LED闪光灯, MEMS式加速度计、 陀螺仪、 磁场强度计等设备, 结合软件图像识别、 数字滤波、 数据提取和 判别的操作, 测量出当前气象光学视程 MOR, 大气对不同波长光线的米散 射程度。 避免了专业仪器测量 MOR时的大体积、 长时间、 高成本。 在保证 一定精度前提下, 仅需测试者在两个地点拍摄, 不需要投入额外的硬件成 本即可完成。
一、 首先介绍一下本应用实例用到的大气科学领域的分析原理。
根据 Koschmieder及 Lambert-Beer定律, 大气能见度 V即气象光学视 程 MOR、 目标亮度、 距离具有以下的关系: 上式中: 为目标测定的亮度,
Figure imgf000017_0001
Q为目标的零距 离反射亮度, 单位
Figure imgf000017_0002
¾为目标方向上的背景亮度, 单位 J-sr-l-s l-m-2; V为 MOR, 单位 m。
由此, 可以建立如图 4 所示的大气能见度测试方法模型, 终端设备在 拍摄点 C1拍摄远近两个目标 Ί\、 Τ2, 分别得到两个目标的亮度为 、 Bl2 终端设备在拍摄点 C2拍摄远近两个目标, 分别得到两个目标的亮度为 B21, B21。 目标 T2距拍摄点 C1的距离为 目标 T1距拍摄点 C1的距离为 R2, 两个拍摄点之间的距离为 R3
按照如下关系式可以得到大气能见度 V:
Figure imgf000017_0003
两个拍摄点之间的距离 R3可以通过方案是实施后, 对加速度计、 陀螺 仪、 磁强计等的数据处理精确得到。
根据数码相机的拍摄特性, 由以下公式提取目标物体的图像亮度 ?m
_ 40ξΐ2ΣΗ
(3)
式中: ?m的单位为 J• r'1 · 1 · m—2; G为不包含暗电流的目标图像灰度; 为灰度焦耳转换系数; f为摄像头的光圈大小; !^和 分别为拍摄目标 在图像上的长度和宽度, 单位像素 (个); t 为拍摄的曝光时间, 单位秒; S 为芯片的有效感光面积; A 为感光芯片的总有效像素数目。 上述关系式等 号右边的参数中, 目标物体的图像灰度 G和图像面积 LxH均可以从目标 物体的图像数据中提取出来, 而其余的参数均是拍摄时预先设定的, 可以 直接获取。
进一步的, 测得大气能见度 V之后, 可以通过与设定的能见度阈值进 行比较, 确定当前能见度是否达到污染水平, 如果能见度较低, 则可以继 续测定空气中悬浮颗粒的物理信息, 以确定污染的程度。
将摄像头朝向无障碍物的天空, 釆取不开闪光灯、 开闪光灯不同曝光 时间, 然后将这组图片剔除背景亮度后, 用数字滤镜确定当前红、 绿、 蓝 各波长分量的关系, 基于大气颗粒的米散射规律获取污染物直径的分布规 律, 确定当前污染的类型、 污染的程度等, 以输出数据和告警信息。
二、 本应用实例用的详细的污染程度测量流程如下:
第一步, 开始运行, 获取摄像头的信息, 完成第一次位置信息和亮度 信息釆集。 将摄像头对焦到最远端, 自动选取一个与背景差异较大的清晰 物体, 暂存这个物体的图像信息, 以便第四步时自动匹配。
第二步, 将摄像头对焦到较近端, 同样自动选取一个与背景差异较大 的清晰物体, 暂存这个物体的图像信息, 以便第四步时自动匹配。
第三步, 手持设备移动一段距离, 利用加速度计、 陀螺仪、 磁强计, 解算出手持设备移动的距离。
第四步, 将摄像头对焦到最远端, 匹配识别第一步确定的远端物体, 暂存这个物体的图像信息。
第五步, 将摄像头对焦到较近端, 匹配识别第一步确定的近端物体, 暂存这个物体的图像信息。
第六步, 基于上述四次暂存的物体的图像信息, 按照式(2 )和式(3 ) 推算出四次测量的物体亮度, 进而推算出当前的大气能见度。 第七步, 判断当前大气能见度是否低于终端设备出厂时设定的能见度 阈值, 如果是, 则继续测量大气主要悬浮颗粒范围, 否则认为还未达到污 染水平, 不动作。
第八步, 将摄像头朝向无障碍物的天空, 釆取不开闪光灯、 开闪光灯 且相同曝光时间进行拍摄, 获得不同光照条件下的图像亮度, 将所拍摄的 不同光照条件下的图像亮度差值与设定的亮度阈值作比较, 确定污染类型 是雾还是霾。
第九步, 当污染类型是雾时, 将开闪光灯拍摄的图像三原色(红、 绿、 蓝)对应的亮度分别减去不开闪光灯拍摄的图像三原色对应亮度得到三种 亮度差值, 根据上述三原色的亮度差值利用大气颗粒米散射规律得出污染 物直径的分布规律, 以输出数据和告警信息等。
本发明实施例的所述测量雾霾污染程度的方法及装置, 与现有技术相 比较, 在不增加硬件成本的情况下, 将测量雾霾污染集成到终端设备, 比 如: 手持移动设备中, 变成了可能。 本发明利用终端设备本身的摄像头、 传感器、 处理器等硬件设备, 代替体积庞大的能见度测试仪器, 能够以极 低的成本, 较短的时间, 较低的操作难度, 完成有效的污染程度的测量。 进一步的, 可以根据雾霾污染程度及雾霾类型与能见度的统计学关系, 将 当前空气的污染程度较好的反映出来, 可以作为科学测量仪器在民用领域 的一个有益的补充。
以上所述, 仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并非用于限定本发明的保 护范围。 工业实用性 本发明实施例的所述测量雾霾污染程度的方法及装置, 与现有技术相 比较, 在不增加硬件成本的情况下, 将测量雾霾污染集成到终端设备, 比 如: 手持移动设备中, 变成了可能。 本发明利用终端设备本身的摄像头、 传感器、 处理器等硬件设备, 代替体积庞大的能见度测试仪器, 能够以极 低的成本, 较短的时间, 较低的操作难度, 完成有效的污染程度的测量, 可以作为科学测量在民用设备领域应用的一个有益的补充。

Claims

权利要求书
1、 一种测量雾霾污染程度的方法, 包括:
在 m个拍摄位置处均对相同的 n个目标物体进行拍摄, 基于所拍摄的 各目标物体的图像数据, 确定出环境的污染程度, m、 n > 20
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的测量雾霾污染程度的方法, 其中, 所述 n个 目标物体的选取满足如下条件: 所述 n个目标物体与所述 m个拍摄位置均 位于一条直线上。
3、 根据权利要求 1所述的测量雾霾污染程度的方法, 其中, 所述基于 所拍摄的各目标物体的图像数据, 确定出环境的污染程度, 包括:
基于所述 m个拍摄位置处所拍摄的各目标物体的图像数据, 确定所述 m个拍摄位置处所拍摄的各目标物体的图像亮度;
基于所述 m个拍摄位置处所拍摄的各目标物体的图像亮度, 确定出大 气的能见度。
4、 根据权利要求 3所述的测量雾霾污染程度的方法, 其中, 所述基于 所述 m个拍摄位置处所拍摄的各目标物体的图像数据, 确定所述 m个拍摄 位置处所拍摄的各目标物体的图像亮度, 包括:
针对任一拍摄位置处所拍摄的任一目标物体, 从该目标物体的图像数 据中获取该目标物体的图像灰度 G和图像面积 L X H,连同拍摄时设定的参 数一起代入如下公式, 计算出在该拍摄位置处所拍摄的该目标物体的图像 亮度
D_ 40ξΐ2ΣΗ
β= 上面公式中拍摄时设定的参数包括: 灰度焦耳转换系数 、摄像头的光 圈大小 f、 拍摄目标的图像长度 L和图像宽度 H、 拍摄的曝光时间 ^ 感光 芯片的有效感光面积 s、 感光芯片的总有效像素数目 A; 得到 m x n个图像亮度的矩阵 E, 如下:
Figure imgf000022_0001
所述基于所述 m个拍摄位置处所拍摄的各目标物体的图像亮度, 确定 出大气的能见度, 包括:
A1 : 在矩阵 E中任选两行两列元素, 在所述两行两列元素相交处的四 个图像亮度涉及两个拍摄位置和两个目标物体;
A2 : 在所述涉及的两个目标物体均位于所述涉及的两个拍摄位置的一 侧的情况下, 对处于同一行的两个图像亮度做差, 分别得到
Figure imgf000022_0002
2 ; 或 者, 在所述涉及的两个目标物体分别位于所述涉及的两个拍摄位置的两侧 的情况下, 对处于不同行且不同列的两个图像亮度做差, 分别得到 ^和 AB2
A3: 将 和 2, 连同选取的两行元素对应的两个拍摄位置处之间的 距离 R3—起代入如下公式, 计算出大气的能见度:
Figure imgf000022_0003
5、 根据权利要求 4所述的测量雾霾污染程度的方法, 其中, 所述基于 所述 m个拍摄位置处所拍摄的各目标物体的图像亮度, 确定出大气的能见 度, 还包括 将每组对应的大气能见度进行加权平均得到最终的大气能见度。
6、 根据权利要求 3所述的测量雾霾污染程度的方法, 其中, 所述基于 所拍摄的各目标物体的图像数据, 确定出环境的污染程度, 还包括:
在确定出大气的能见度之后, 当所述大气能见度低于设定的能见度阈 值时, 基于不同光照条件下所拍摄的天空的图像数据, 确定污染类型是雾 还是霾。
7、 根据权利要求 6所述的测量雾霾污染程度的方法, 其中, 所述基于 所拍摄的各目标物体的图像数据, 确定出环境的污染程度, 还包括:
在确定污染类型是雾的情况下, 基于不同光照条件下所拍摄的天空的 图像数据确定污染物直径的分布规律。
8、 一种测量雾霾污染程度的装置, 包括:
拍摄模块, 配置为在 m个拍摄位置处均对相同的 n个目标物体进行拍 摄, m、 n > 2;
处理模块, 配置为基于所拍摄的各目标物体的图像数据, 确定出环境 的污染程度。
9、 根据权利要求 8所述的测量雾霾污染程度的装置, 其中, 所述 n个 目标物体的选取满足如下条件: 所述 n个目标物体与所述 m个拍摄位置均 位于一条直线上。
10、 根据权利要求 8所述的测量雾霾污染程度的装置, 其中, 所述处 理模块, 包括:
亮度确定模块, 配置为基于所述 m个拍摄位置处所拍摄的各目标物体 的图像数据, 确定所述 m个拍摄位置处所拍摄的各目标物体的图像亮度; 能见度确定模块, 配置为基于所述 m个拍摄位置处所拍摄的各目标物 体的亮度, 确定出大气的能见度。
11、 根据权利要求 10所述的测量雾霾污染程度的装置, 其中, 所述处 理模块, 还包括:
污染情况确定模块, 配置为在确定出大气的能见度之后, 当所述大气 能见度低于设定的能见度阈值时, 基于不同光照条件下所拍摄的天空的图 像数据, 确定污染类型是雾还是霾。
12、 一种终端设备, 包括:
拍摄存储装置, 配置为在 m个拍摄位置处均对相同的 n个目标物体进 行拍摄, 并保存所拍摄的各目标物体的图像数据, m、 n > 2;
处理器, 配置为基于所拍摄的各目标物体的图像数据, 确定出环境的 污染程度;
结果展示装置, 配置为向用户展示环境的污染程度。
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