WO2015144103A1

WO2015144103A1 - Method and apparatus for the incremental production of bent wires, tubes, profiles or similar from rod-like metallic materials

Info

Publication number: WO2015144103A1
Application number: PCT/DE2014/000155
Authority: WO
Inventors: Daniel STAUPENDAHL; Matthias Hermes; Erman A. Tekkaya
Original assignee: Technische Universität Dortmund
Priority date: 2014-03-25
Filing date: 2014-03-25
Publication date: 2015-10-01
Also published as: EP3122484A1

Abstract

The invention describes a method for producing bent wires, tubes, profiles or similar from rod-like metallic materials (1), in which the rod-like material (1) is moved into a guiding device (2), the guiding device (2) being mounted so as to be adjustable and movable, preferably in three dimensions, relative to a bending mould (3), and between the guiding device (2) which is moving relative to the bending mould (3) and suitably shaped sections (9) of the bending mould (3) the moving rod-like material (1), after passing through the guiding device (2), is suitably bent or shaped in incremental progression along a bending line (16), such that in its bent configuration (1') the rod-like material (1) is gradually matched at least in some portions to the bending mould (3) and/or is shaped into the required workpiece geometry. The invention also relates to a corresponding apparatus.

Description

description

METHOD AND DEVICE FOR INCREMENTAL PRODUCTION OF CURVED WIRES, TUBES, PROFILES OR DGL. OF BARRED METALLIC MATERIALS

The invention relates to a method for producing curved wires, tubes, profiles or the like. From rod-shaped metallic materials according to the preamble of claim 1 and a corresponding device according to the preamble of claim 20.

For the production of more or less bent workpieces of metal wires, pipes or profiles, there are in the prior art a large number of methods by which such bent workpieces can be produced reproducibly depending on the workpiece geometry and the materials used. These methods have different advantages and disadvantages, which in addition to technological constraints are often dependent on the workpiece geometry. Often, the conventional methods are overwhelmed in the manufacture of bending parts with narrow radii and complex contours. Furthermore, bends that overlap like a loop, or in which the bending contour of the bent workpiece almost touches itself, are difficult to produce with such standard methods. Bending methods such as rotary or round bending are quite well suited here, since in these methods, the bending contour is predetermined by the geometry of the bending mold. These so-called form-bound methods are characterized by a very good accuracy compared to the purely kinematic method. This group also includes die bending with a top and bottom die, which is also a good process for the dimensionally accurate bending of elongated components such as profiles and wires.

However, if the bending contour has very narrow radii and the bending contour touches itself again or is similar to a loop, these rather simple methods reach their limits. Often the tool elements collide with the workpiece. Or it is not possible when bending with upper and lower die to close the die by the tight bends, without the bending process fails. Also, it is often not possible to mold the very strongly bent component in the die.

Also, the production of corresponding workpieces by means of special wire bending machines by kinematic and molded bending steps often fails on such complex geometries, since the forming tools, e.g. can not produce the required tight radii or close approximations of different sections of the curved contour of the bent part. In general, the production of kinematic bending processes becomes more and more difficult, the more complex the three-dimensional bends of the workpieces to be produced are.

Especially with special spring components or complex piping, these methods can then no longer be used and it is necessary to divide such a component into two or more parts or sections, which then have to be joined again. This causes more effort and disadvantageous additional costs for the bent part. With special springs, due to the material properties of the spring wire, it is almost impossible to join sections, as this would unduly influence the durability and the performance properties of such springs.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to also produce complex shaped workpieces in the form of bent wires, tubes, profiles or the like To allow bar-shaped materials without the complexity of the geometry of the workpiece difficulties arise in the bending deformation.

The solution of the object of the invention results in terms of the method of the characterizing features of claim 1 and in terms of the device of the characterizing features of claim 20 in cooperation with the features of the respective preamble. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

The invention is based on a method for the production of bent wires, tubes, profiles or the like of rod-shaped metallic materials. Such a generic method is further developed in that the rod-shaped material is moved into a guide device, wherein the guide means relative to a bending mold preferably three-dimensionally movably arranged and adjustable, and the moving rod-shaped material after passing through the guide means between the relative to the bending mold moving guide means and matingly shaped portions of the bending mold is progressively bent or deformed progressively along a bending line such that the rod-shaped material in its bent configuration gradually at least partially adapts to the bending mold and / or transforms it into the required workpiece geometry , The basic idea of the invention is, by a respective local deformation of the rod-shaped material between on the one hand the bending mold or appropriately shaped portions of the bending mold and moving relative to the bending mold guide means and due to the ongoing movement of the rod-shaped material gradually an incremental deformation of the rod-shaped material to produce the desired component geometry of the component to be produced. Figuratively speaking, the continuously moving rod-shaped material emerging from the guide means, due to the relative movement between the guide means and mating shaped portions of the bending mold and the own movement is placed on mating shaped portions of the bending mold and thereby forming in this local cross section of the rod-shaped material Tension condition bent or reshaped. The movement of the rod-shaped material can in this case by holding the one end of the rod-shaped material in the Bending form can be realized, wherein the rod-shaped material is pulled through in a relative movement of the guide means and the bending mold by the guide means. In another embodiment, the rod-shaped material can be pushed by a positioned in front of the guide device feed device by the guide device. During the process, at least tensile and bending stresses in the rod-shaped material overlap to a complex local stress state which changes the local geometry of the rod-shaped material substantially in the form of bending. Repeated this process along the length of the rod-shaped material over and over again with appropriate adjustment of the relative movement between guide means and mating shaped portions of the bending mold, so by means of this incremental Biegumformung even the most complex bending contours can be produced without requiring complex processing equipment or bending molds are needed. The bending form in the present invention for supporting the rod-shaped material during flexure and optionally after flexural deformation serves to stabilize and calibrate the deformed rod-shaped material, whereas the actual flexural deformation is primarily due to the force effects and consequent stress conditions in the local portion of the reshaped material rod-like material is generated due to the cooperation of movement of the rod-shaped material and the relative movement between guide means and mating shaped portions of the bending mold. However, the deformation of the bar-shaped material is much freer and more flexible than with the conventional formed bending processes, and at the same time the complexity of the movement during the bending process is lower than in the conventional kinematic bending processes, so that even very complex workpiece geometries are easily produced by the method according to the invention can be. Thus, the inventive method is particularly suitable for the production of small quantities of bent components of rod-shaped metallic materials.

It is of particular advantage in this case that due to the relative position and the relative movement between the guide device and at least individual sections of the bending form, a local force acting on the guide device is exerted. tredene rod-shaped material is generated, which causes a local deformation of the rod-shaped material and thus in total an incremental adjustment of the shape of the rod-shaped material to the desired workpiece geometry. Figuratively speaking, the originally preferably straight rod-shaped material is each locally deformed when hitting portions of the bending mold and due to the locally adjusting stress state in this small portion of the rod-shaped material as desired, being characterized by the current feed of the rod-shaped material and the relative movement between Bending form and guide means nachkommende sections of the rod-shaped material also locally transform and in sum gradually from the originally straight rod-shaped material, the desired three-dimensional geometry of the component to be produced is formed. A deformation produced in this way is stabilized and possibly calibrated by the geometry of the bending form, so that a highly accurate geometry of the component produced in this way can be achieved after the complete transformation of the respective section of the rod-shaped material.

In a preferred embodiment, it is also conceivable that the rod-shaped material is conveyed into the guide device via a feed device, which is preferably arranged in front of the guide device, whereby an active conveying of the rod-shaped material can be achieved. As a result, compressive stresses are exerted on the rod-shaped material, which can cause an improvement of the deformation of the rod-shaped material in the forming zone. Also, by influencing the respective measure of the feed of the rod-shaped material, the deformation can be influenced as desired.

It is advantageous that the deformation of the rod-shaped material by a superposition of tensile stresses or compressive stresses due to the advancement of the rod-shaped material and bending stresses due to the local interaction between rod-shaped material and at least individual sections of the bending mold. This locally prevailing state of stress can be influenced within wide limits by the regulation of the advancing movement of the rod-shaped material and the relative movement between the bending form and the guide device, and in the sense of a dimensionally accurate production of the material. desired component can be optimized. Due to the local stress state, it can also be achieved that the deformed rod-shaped material fits precisely into the bending mold and thus the deformation takes place very uniformly by adapting to the analogous shape and dimension memory of the bending mold.

It is furthermore advantageous if, at least in sections, the bending form, matching the cross-sectional shape of the rod-shaped material to be bent, has a groove-like or groove-like depression which corresponds in its geometry to the workpiece geometry to be produced. In such a groove-like or groove-like depression, the cross section of the deformed rod-shaped material can insert well and thus be prevented that due to spring-back or local evasive movements dimensional and dimensional inaccuracies occur. It is also advantageous that the groove-like or groove-like depression can likewise be formed in three dimensions in accordance with the three-dimensional workpiece geometry to be produced. In this case, the groove-like or groove-like depression is dimensionally matched to the cross section of the deformed rod-shaped material such that the groove-like or groove-like recess receives and supports the deformed rod-shaped material. It is conceivable that the groove-like depression is formed in sections or continuously as a machined, preferably milled groove, which can also be produced on the same machine, preferably in the same clamping on which the bending deformation of the rod-shaped material takes place. This eliminates Umspannvorgänge and thus the source of inaccuracies.

In another embodiment, it is also conceivable that the bending mold and / or the groove-like depression is formed in sections or completely from discrete support points forming, mutually adjustable arranged individual elements which interact with the rod-shaped material to be formed. For this purpose, the groove-like depression can be resolved into discrete points or sections which, as in the case of a nail board, provide individual support points for the deformation of the rod-shaped material with which the rod-shaped material can interact locally. If these individual support points are arranged to be linearly adjustable with respect to one another, then with only one single bending form configured in this way, speaking adjusting the position of the support points are each provided a variety of bending forms.

In a further embodiment, it is also conceivable that the bending mold is formed from at least one appropriately to the movement of the guide means moving, point or area acting counter-holder, which interacts locally with each of the rod-shaped material to be formed. Such a point- or planar-like counter-holder can be approximately in the form of a roll, a stamp or the like. Formed and move relative to the guide means, so that the counter-holder acts locally in the region of the deformation as a bending mold, after completion of the local Forming the deformed rod-shaped material is no longer or only partially supported. In this way, a large number of workpiece geometries can be produced with such an anvil solely on the basis of its relative movement relative to the guide device, without having to produce an adapted bending shape in advance.

It is advantageous in terms of Umformverhaltens the rod-shaped material when guide means and bending form in the bending deformation of the rod-shaped material relative to each other, preferably a relative displacement in up to three spatial directions to each other. For this purpose, guiding means and bending mold can be arranged in a plane, e.g. be arranged movable by means of a coordinate table, wherein a vertical distance adjustment between the guide device and the bending mold can influence the distance between the guide device and the bending mold and thus the exit behavior of the rod-shaped material from the guide device. As a result, a variety of influences on the local deformation of the rod-shaped material in the region of the impact of the rod-shaped material on the bending mold are possible, which generate the desired local stress conditions and thus cause the desired deformation.

A further improvement in the generation of the local stress conditions and thus the desired deformation can be achieved if the guide device and the bending mold can be pivoted relative to one another about at least one further pivot axis. As a result of this at least uniaxial additional pivoting, further kinematic influencing variables result. Sense on the local deformation of the rod-shaped material. Figuratively speaking, the locally reshaped rod-shaped material can impinge on the bending mold at an angle of inclination and thus, for example, the initial application of the rod-shaped material to be formed to the bending mold can be facilitated or at complex deformation sites by the additional pivoting the bending transformation can be improved or facilitated.

It is advantageous if the rod-shaped material is advanced during the passage of the guide means of the feed device linearly in the direction of the bending mold. This results in simple geometric conditions in the advancing movement of the rod-like material before hitting the bending mold.

In particular, at the beginning of the bending deformation of the rod-like material, it is advantageous if the rod-shaped material is pre-bent at the beginning of the bending deformation and inserted into the bending mold. The deflection of the rod-shaped material to be formed can thereby be made reproducible and the entire deformation can be standardized.

A further improvement of the deformation of the rod-shaped material can be achieved that the rod-shaped material is held at least at the beginning of bending deformation and / or at certain points of the bending form positive and / or non-positive in the bending mold, preferably positively clamped o- the form-fitting in Recordings of the bending mold is inserted. As a result, the beginning or certain sections of the rod-shaped material, for example, at particularly difficult to transform technical parts of the component geometry to be produced, additionally stabilized and thus increases the dimensional accuracy of the component to be produced.

In a further embodiment, it is also conceivable that an additional Torsionsbelastung is applied to the reshaped rod-shaped material through which a further Umformungsbelastung, preferably applied in the form of shear stresses on the rod-shaped material between the guide device and bending mold. The advantage here is in particular that the material technically unavoidable springback of the deformed rod-shaped material can be minimized by the additional torsional load. Due to the overlay tion of shear stresses, bending stresses and normal stresses in each section of the rod-shaped material to be reshaped, the formability of the rod-shaped material can be further positively influenced and the flow of the material during the forming can be favorably influenced. In addition, when changes in direction of the guide device, for example, to produce bends, the material flow of the rod-shaped material can be positively influenced by the additional torsion in the direction of the curvature during the forming process. The shear stresses can be applied to the rod-shaped material, for example, by rotating the rod-shaped material in the feed device.

In a further embodiment, it is also conceivable that the rod-shaped material is heated prior to the bending deformation for influencing the yield strength of the rod-shaped material in order to facilitate the bending deformation. As a result, the transformation is further facilitated or made possible in the case of materials that are difficult to shape. For this, the heating may e.g. conductively and / or inductively and / or by gas heating and / or by means of laser beam, whereby locally the appropriate amount of heat is introduced into the rod-shaped material shortly before the local deformation of the rod-shaped material. Furthermore, it is conceivable here that the heating of the rod-shaped material takes place by means of a heating device as a function of the respective section of the rod-shaped material to be reshaped and of the formed workpiece having a different temperature profile. Thus, e.g. in local strongly reshaping sections of the rod-shaped material to be formed, a higher local heating of the rod-shaped material to be formed may make sense, in locally less reshaped sections, on the other hand, a correspondingly lower heating or even no heating is sufficient. By appropriately matched to the local portion of the rod-shaped material to be transformed introduction of the appropriate amount of heat, the forming can be simplified and improved. The heating of the rod-shaped material may require that the guide means be cooled during the forming of the rod-shaped material.

Furthermore, it is conceivable that the bent rod-shaped material is cooled and / or tempered after bending in the bending mold. By appropriate local Cooling can be prevented on the one hand that still warm and thus possibly too soft formed rod-shaped material is adversely affected by the subsequent local deformation of other sections in shape and position. On the other hand, the material behavior of the formed bar-shaped material can also be specifically influenced in the sense of a tempering or hardening by targeted cooling and thus the component behavior of the formed bar-shaped material, for example for the production of spring properties or the like, can be positively influenced overall. This eliminates the need for subsequent separate compensation or heat treatment processes.

Furthermore, it is conceivable that during processing of tubular rod-shaped material, a mandrel is used in the forming of the rod-shaped material, with which an unintentional bulging or buckling of the tubular material to be formed can be prevented.

The invention further relates to a device for the production of bent wires, tubes, profiles or the like. From rod-shaped metallic materials, wherein the device comprises a guide device, wherein the guide means relative to a bending mold is preferably arranged three-dimensionally movable and adjustable and the rod-shaped material is continuously movable in the direction of the bending mold such that the rod-shaped material between the bending mold and the guide means moving relative to the bending mold incrementally progressively bent or deformed along its bending line in each case locally such that the rod-shaped material in its bent configuration at least Gradually adapted gradually to the bending form and / or converted into the required workpiece geometry. Many of the properties and advantages of the device according to the invention correspond to those properties and advantages of the method according to the invention, therefore reference is made here accordingly to the above features and properties of the method.

In a further embodiment, the device may have a preferably arranged in front of the guide device feed device, which advances the rod-shaped material continuously in the direction of the bending mold. It is advantageous with regard to the dimensional accuracy of the formed rod-shaped material if the deformed geometry of the rod-shaped material is arranged with clamped down holders along the bending form. As a result, the incre- mentally deformed rod-shaped material is secured in the bending mold and can not change dimensionally and formally in the clamped areas by subsequent transformations.

Furthermore, it is conceivable that the feed device has a roller-like or pincer-like feed.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention and of the device according to the invention is shown in the drawing.

Show it:

1a is a schematic representation of the basic structure of a first embodiment of the device according to the invention for the production of bent wires, tubes, profiles or the like from rod-shaped metallic materials,

FIG. 1 b shows another embodiment of the device according to the invention with a feed device for conveying the rod-shaped metallic material,

FIG. 2 a shows a modified embodiment of the device according to FIG. 1 b with additional application of a torsional load to the rod-shaped material,

Figure 2b - a plan view of the device according to Figure 2a with additional

Application of a torsional load on the rod-shaped material using the example of a spectacle-shaped bending contour,

Figure 3a-3b - exemplary representation of a sequence of bending deformation according to

2b in two successive Umformabschnitten, a modified embodiment of the apparatus according to Figure 2a with additional heating of the rod-shaped material, FIG. 5 shows a further modified embodiment of the device according to FIG. 1 a with an additional pivoting movement of the guide device about a pivot axis during the insertion of the rod-shaped material into the bending mold at the beginning of the bending deformation as well as a local clamping of the starting piece of the rod-shaped material,

Figure 6 - an alternative embodiment of the insertion of the rod-shaped

Material in the bending mold at the beginning of the bending deformation by insertion into a suitable recess,

FIGS. 7a-7c show a schematic stage plan at some stations of a bending forming according to the method according to the invention for producing a three-dimensionally curved component,

Figure 8a-8c - examples of the design of movement mechanisms for

Execution of the relative movement between the bending mold and guide device in the bending deformation of the rod-shaped material,

Figure 9a-9c - examples of different possibilities of support and

Guiding the rod-shaped material during the bending deformation.

FIG. 1a shows the basic structure of a device according to the invention for producing curved wires, tubes, profiles or the like from bar-shaped metallic materials 1 which is suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.

The rod-shaped material 1 comes from above the device such as a wound wire coil, not shown, and passes, for example, a straightening station, also not shown, in which the rod-shaped material 1 has just been directed. It is also conceivable to use directly straight rod-shaped material 1 in defined lengths. Such fed bar-shaped material 1 passes through a guide device 2, which in the simplest case is a kind of socket with an opening diameter which is slightly larger than the respective outer diameter or the outer dimensions of the rod-shaped material 1 is. The bar-shaped material 1 is conveyed, as explained below, in the direction of the bending mold 3 arranged at a distance from the guide device 2 and protrudes from the guide device 2 on the underside.

The guide device 2 is in this case by not shown moving means such. Feed drives or the like. Slidably relative to the bending mold 3 in two or three mutually perpendicular axes or equivalent kinematics and / or arranged rotatable by respective axes of rotation, so that the rod-shaped material 1 strikes the bending mold 3 during its movement at a desired location. Here, the distance between the bending mold 3 and guide means 2 and thus the free bending length of the rod-shaped material 1 can be adjusted appropriately.

The application of the rod-shaped material 1 in a groove or groove-shaped recess 9 of the bending mold 3 is now achieved in that the free end 27 of the rod-shaped material 1, for example, manually bent so far that it is approximately parallel to the groove or groove-shaped recess 9 in this recess 9 can be inserted and then clamped for example by a hold-down 10 in the groove or groove-shaped recess 9. Now, if the guide device 2 in the direction of movement 16 is approximately parallel to the groove or groove-shaped recess 9 (this is indicated by the change in position of the guide means 2 from the dashed starting position in the position shown by solid lines), so bending stresses 8 in the cross-section of the rod-shaped Material 1 caused that can be used to a change in shape of the rod-shaped material 1 in the form of a targeted bend. Thereby, the rod-shaped material 1 in a forming region, as indicated in the figure 1a with the item number 11, bent and lays down locally in the groove or groove-shaped recess 9 a. By pulling the rod-shaped material 1 through the guide means 3 in the direction 5 due to the clamping of the free end of the rod-shaped material 1 in the groove or groove-shaped recess 9 and the simultaneous relative movement between guide means 2 and bending mold 3 is directly adjacent to the straight in the impact area 12 bent portion 11 of the rod-shaped material 1 further rod-shaped material 1 is bent and the by the Führungsseinrich- tion 3, for example, withdrawn from the coil rod-shaped material 1 so successively and incrementally reshaped. If the geometry of the groove-shaped or groove-shaped recess 9 now corresponds to the desired geometry of the bent rod-shaped material 1 ^' , then the desired workpiece is ultimately created by moving the groove-shaped or groove-shaped recess 9 with the rod-shaped material 1, wherein the groove is moved away - or groove-shaped recess 9 by tightening the rod-shaped material 1 in the direction 5 and the simultaneous relative movement between guide means 2 and bending mold 3 is defined.

The bending stresses 8 occurring in the deformation zone 11 lead to the local desired deformation of the rod-shaped material 1 into the formed rod-shaped material Γ. With this incremental procedure can be produced by successive, quasi-successive and total incremental forming each smaller sections 11 of the rod-shaped material 1, the desired geometry of a bent part with little preparation of the bending mold 3 of rod-shaped material 1, whereby the method in particular suitable for small to be manufactured quantities of such bending parts, which would not justify high tooling costs.

In a further embodiment of the method and the device according to FIG. 1a, an expanded embodiment is shown in FIG. The rod-shaped material 1 comes further from above the device such as a wound wire coil, not shown, and passes, for example, a straightening station, also not shown, in which the rod-shaped material 1 has just been directed. It is also conceivable to use directly straight rod-shaped material 1 in defined lengths. Such fed rod-shaped material 1 passes above the guide means 2, a feed device 4, which is here indicated as two counter-rotating rollers 4, but also, for example, a forceps feed or the like. The rod-shaped material 1 is pushed by the advancing device 4 in the direction of the spaced apart from the guide device 2 arranged bending mold 3 and protrudes from the underside of the guide device 2 out. The guide device 2 is in this case likewise displaceable relative to the bending mold 3 in two or even three mutually perpendicular axes or an equivalent kinematics and / or rotatable by respective axes of rotation by not further shown moving means such as feed drives or the like., So that the rod-shaped material 1 impinges on the bending mold 3 at the feed movement at a desired location. Here, the distance between the bending mold 3 and guide means 2 and thus the free bending length of the rod-shaped material 1 can be adjusted appropriately.

The contact of the rod-shaped material 1 in the region of the forming zone 12 with the bending mold 3 due to the advance of the rod-shaped material 1 in the feed direction 5 is now utilized to bring about the bending deformation of the rod-shaped material 1 according to the invention. Meets the rod-shaped material 1 perpendicular to the bending mold 3, so normal stresses 7 are caused in the cross section of the rod-shaped material 1, but not directly lead to a bending of the rod-shaped material 1. If, however, the impinging on the bending mold free end 27 of the rod-shaped material 1 as described below a little and selectively deflected from the feed direction 5, such as by pre-bending, so are next to the normal stresses 7 depending on Auftreffgeometrie the rod-shaped material 1 on the bending mold Also bending stresses 8 in cross-section of the rod-shaped material 1 caused that can be used to a change in shape of the rod-shaped material 1 in the form of a targeted bend. Now, as shown, the bending mold 3 is provided with the groove or riNenförmigen recess 9 and hits the rod-shaped material 1, the bending mold as described in this groove or riNenförmigen recess 9, the rod-shaped material 1 in a forming area, as in the figure 1 b indicated with the item number 11, bent and locates locally in the groove or groove-shaped recess 9 a. Due to the further advance of the rod-shaped material 1 in the feed direction 5 and the simultaneous relative movement between the guide device 2 and bending mold 3, another rod-shaped material 1 is bent directly following the bent portion 11 of the rod-shaped material 1, and the supplied rod-shaped material 1 is thus successively bent and transformed incrementally. If the geometry of the groove or groove-shaped depression 9 corresponds to the desired geometry of the bent geometry nen rod-shaped material 1 ^' , the result is by the shutdown of the groove or groove-shaped recess 9 with the rod-shaped material 1 ultimately the desired workpiece, the departure of the groove or grooved recess 9 by the advance of the rod-shaped material 1 in the feed direction 5 and simultaneous relative movement between the guide device 2 and bending mold 3 is defined.

The superimposed in the forming zone 11 normal stresses 7 and the bending stresses 8 lead to the local desired deformation of the rod-shaped material 1 in the deformed rod-shaped material V. A relief of the deformation of the rod-shaped material 1 can also be achieved in that the initial portion 27 of the rod-shaped Material 1 is held by a hold-down 10 in the groove or groove-shaped recess 9.

As described already with reference to FIG. 1a, this incremental procedure makes it possible to produce the desired geometry of a bent part with only slight preparation of the bending mold 3 from rod-shaped material 1 by successive, quasi-successive, and overall incremental forming of respectively smaller sections 11 of the rod-shaped material 1 manufacture, whereby the method is particularly suitable for small to be manufactured quantities of such bent parts that would not justify high tooling costs.

FIG. 2 a shows a modified embodiment of the device according to FIG. 1 b with additional application of a torsional load 14 to the bar-shaped material 1. This additional torsional load 14 in the direction of rotation 13 is applied to the bar-shaped material 1, for example, via a twisting device cooperating with the feed device 4 and leads to further stresses in the form of shear stresses 15 along the free length of the rod-shaped material 1. Such shear stresses 15 can be used to further favorably influence the deformation of the rod-shaped material 1 in the forming zone 11, since these shear stresses 15 contribute to a targeted and directed earlier flow of the rod-shaped material 1 in the forming zone 11. To simplify matters, the overall deformation is improved by the shear stresses 15. This positive influence of shear stresses 15 due to a rotation of the rod-shaped material 1 from FIGS. 2b and 3a and 3b, which in each case represent in a plan view a deformation of the rod-shaped material 1 to a planar contour which is remotely reminiscent of a pair of glasses, becomes particularly clear. According to these spectacle-like levels. Contour is in the bending mold 3 is also a spectacle groove-like or groove-shaped recess 9 incorporated into the bending mold 3, in which the deformed rod-shaped material X is inserted as described above. Now, if the rod-shaped material 1 formed along the direction of movement 16 quasi around the corner, so just directed in this direction of rotation 13 torsional load 14 of the rod-shaped material 1 can favorably influence the bending deformation in the forming zone 11 and each locally deformed rod-shaped material 1 bends figuratively spoken more willing around the corner. This contributes to the fact that due to such superimposed stress states in the local forming zone 1 1 of the rod-shaped material 1 even tight bends can be performed easily and reproducibly, even without causing large spring backs of the formed rod-shaped material 1. In FIGS. 3a and 3b, the deformation already shown in FIG. 2b is shown once again in two stages, once just before the corner (FIG. 3a) and once in the corner (FIG. 3b) with additionally applied torsional load.

FIG. 4 shows a modified embodiment of the device according to FIG. 1b with additional heating of the rod-shaped material 1 via a heating device 18 here in the form of an inductively operating heating coil, which is arranged shortly below the guide device 2 and through which a modified embodiment of the device according to FIG 1b passes with additional heating of the rod-shaped material 1 therethrough. Conceivable, in addition to an inductive heating and a conductive heating, heating with a gas flame or heating by means of laser. As a result, a temperature field 21 is formed in the bar-shaped material 1, the configuration of which is monitored, for example, by a pyrometer or the like. Temperature measuring device 17 and can be used to control and regulate the heating device 18.

By heating the rod-shaped material 1, the forming in the local forming zone 11 is further simplified, as this causes the yield point of the standard gen-shaped material 1 set down and the flow during the forming is facilitated.

After each local forming the deformed rod-shaped material 1 ^' sprayed about a spray nozzle 19 with a cooling spray, for example, from water or other coolant and the formed rod-shaped material 1 ^' thereby cooled or even tempered. This allows the material properties of the formed rod-shaped material 1 ^' continue to influence as desired.

FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of the device according to the invention according to FIG. 1a in a detail, in which an additional pivotal movement of the guide device 2 about an additional pivot axis (not shown) along the pivot direction 22 is possible. In this way, the rod-shaped material 1 can be inserted relative to the bending mold 3 or to the groove or groove 9 in the bending mold 3 at an angle in the groove or groove 9, which in particular for the initial insertion of the rod-shaped material 1 in the region of the beginning 27th of the rod-shaped material 1 is helpful. In this way, a targeted deflection of emerging from the guide device 2 rod-shaped material 1 can be achieved, whereby the deformed in the forming 11 rod-shaped material 1 ^' selectively inserted into the groove or groove 9 and then there with a hold-down 10 in the clamping direction 23 on the deformed rod-shaped material 1 ^'is pressed, can be secured. Also, such a pivoting 22 can be selectively used by, for example, one or more pivot axes in order to positively influence the deformation of the rod-shaped material 1 in the forming zone 11 when the groove or groove 9 in the bending mold 3. Due to the relative angular adjustment of the rod-shaped material 1, the geometric starting position during bending of the rod-shaped material 1 is already improved.

In FIG. 6, a different type of start of the bending deformation of the bar-shaped material 1 in the bending mold 3 is shown in a kind of stadia plan with two different times. In order to define the initial region 27 of the rod-shaped material 1 in the bending mold 3 and then from this starting point, the further transformation of the deformed rod-shaped material 1 ^' to begin, in the bending mold 3 a suitable for the initial region 27 of the rod-shaped material. 1 formed bore or recess 24 may be provided in the form of an insertion, in which the forward of the feed device 4 rod-shaped material 1 is inserted vertically by the feed movement in the feed direction 5. As soon as the starting region 27 has reached the bottom of the insertion opening 24, the relative movement between guide device 2 and bending mold 3 begins with the simultaneous deformation of the rod-shaped material 1 into the deformed rod-shaped material Y. However, this causes the starting region 27 to move in the direction of movement 16 Guide means 2 held and thus, the deformed rod-shaped material 1 ^'can insert into the groove or groove 9 of the bending mold 3. As a result, the need for a blank holder 10 can be circumvented.

In FIGS. 7a to 7c, the sequence of the method according to the invention on a more realistic three-dimensionally curved component is again represented in the form of a type of spectacle, the three-dimensionally curved bending form 3 with the grooves or grooves 9 being shown in FIG rod-shaped material 1 is to be inserted in the bending deformation according to the invention. In FIG. 7b, a later time of deformation to the spectacle-like curved component can be seen in a highly schematic manner, in which a portion of the deformed rod-shaped material 1 ^' can already be seen in the groove 9 of the bending mold 3 Bar-shaped material 1 from the guide device 2 exits on the underside and as already described above in the relative movement between the guide device 2 and bending mold 3 is placed in the groove or groove 9. In the figure 7c can be seen then that the deformed rod-shaped material 1 ^'is secured at certain points of the bending mold 3 by locally acting hold-10 in the groove or groove 9, so that in the along the groove or groove. 9 migratory forming zone 11 acting deformation forces can not affect the already formed rod-shaped material ^' approximately by restoring movements or the like negative.

FIGS. 8a and 8b show schematic examples of the design of movement mechanisms for carrying out the relative movement between the bending mold 3 known from FIG. 7 and the guide device 2 during the bending deformation of the rod-shaped material 1 into the reshaped configuration 1 ^' . provides. In FIG. 8a, a movement device with three pivot axes 28, for example in the form of a simple industrial robot, is indicated for this purpose as a movement device 6. Alternatively, the movements of the guide device 2 can be performed approximately by a three-axis arrangement of linear axes 28 such as in a gantry robot. Of course, all other combinations of axle arrangements are conceivable, and this depends mainly on the geometry of the component to be produced and thus on the geometry of the bending mold 3. FIG. 8c shows, as an alternative to the guidance of the rod-shaped material 1, a guide plate 25 with a continuous guide slot 26 whose contour corresponds to the contour of the groove 9 and the upper side of the bending mold 9 is arranged. When inserting the rod-shaped material 1, this can be supported in the guide slot 26 and therefore more accurately guided as described insert into the groove 9.

FIGS. 9a to 9c show examples of different possibilities of support and guidance of the rod-shaped material 1 during the bending deformation. Bending inside arranged support rollers 29, as shown in Figure 9a, just in the embodiment of the device according to the invention without feed device 4 can favor the flow of material of the bent rod-shaped material 1. The support roller 29 supports in this arrangement according to Figure 9a, the application of the rod-shaped material 1 in the groove 9 of the bending mold 3. In addition to inserting the reshaped rod-shaped material 1 in a groove or groove 9 of the bending mold 3 is also possible, the rod-shaped material 1 support only locally, as can be seen in Figures 9b and 9c. In this case, as indicated in FIG. 9b, a roller 29, which is fixed to the guide device 2 via a lever 30, is positioned relative to the guide device 2 in such a way that it replaces the region of the bending mold 3 involved in the forming process and is located on the roller Can support 9 transforming rod-shaped material 1. As a result, the support of the forming rod-shaped material 1 takes place only in the region of the free end 27 with respect to the fixed bending mold 3, but subsequently on the roller 29th

In contrast, in FIG. 9 c, the bending mold 3 is subdivided into different segments, preferably precisely in the regions in which large deformations of the deformed rod-shaped material 1 have to be produced. This is how the free end can be 27 of the rod-shaped material 1 are clamped in the region of the blank holder 10 as already described and are then bent along the bending line of the rod-shaped material 1 on supports 31 with suitably curved sections. These supports 31 replace or form at these curved portions of the deformed bar-shaped material 1 the bending shape.

A roller 29 can not only be used to support the rod-shaped material 1 in the region of the forming zone 12 according to FIG 9a, but can also be used directly to improve the deformation by the roller 29, which in turn via a lever 30 on the guide device is determined, exerts a force on the rod-shaped material 1 and thereby the rod-shaped material 1 in addition to the support and virtually on the opposite side of the bending mold 3 with formed. In this way, the rod-shaped material 1 can be additionally stabilized during the forming.

Part number list

- Bar-shaped material

- Management facility

- bending mold

- Feed device

- Feed direction

- Direction of movement of the guide device

- normal tension

- bending stress

- Groove or groove in bending form

- Stripper plate

- area of local forming

- In forming involved portion of the bending mold

- Direction torsional load

- torsional load

- shear stress

- Direction of movement of the guide device

- Temperature measuring device

- induction coil

- Spray nozzle

- spray mist

- Temperature field

- swivel angle

- clamping direction

- insertion opening

- Guide plate

- guide slot

- Initial area of the bar-shaped material

- Movement axes of the movement device

- Role

- Leverage

- In stock

Claims

claims

1. A method for producing bent wires, tubes, profiles or the like. From rod-shaped metallic materials (1), characterized in that the rod-shaped material (1) in a guide device (2) is moved, wherein the guide means (2) relative to a bending mold (3) is preferably three-dimensionally movably arranged and adjustable, and the moving rod-shaped material (1) after the passage of the guide means (2) between the relative to the bending mold (3) moving guide means (2) and matingly shaped sections ( 9) of the bending mold (3) is progressively bent or reshaped progressively along a bending line (16) such that the rod-shaped material (1) in its curved configuration (1 ^' ) at least partially adapts gradually to the bending mold (3) and / or transformed into the required workpiece geometry.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that due to the relative position and the relative movement between guide means (2) and at least individual portions (12) of the bending mold (3) a local force on the from the guide means (2) leaked rod-shaped material (1 ) generating a local deformation of the rod-shaped terials (1) and in total causes an incremental adjustment of the local shape of the rod-shaped material (1) to the desired workpiece geometry.

3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the rod-shaped material (1) via a preferably in front of the guide device (2) arranged feed device (4) is conveyed into the guide device (2).

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the deformation of the rod-shaped material (1) by an interference of compressive stresses (7) due to the advance of the rod-shaped material (1) or tensile stresses due to the train on the rod-shaped material (1) and / or bending stresses (8) due to the local interaction between rod-shaped material (1) and at least individual portions (12) of the bending mold (3).

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bending mold (3) matching the cross-sectional shape of the rod-shaped material to be bent (1) at least in sections a groove-like or groove-like recess (9), which corresponds in geometry to the workpiece geometry to be produced.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the groove-like or groove-like recess (9) according to the produced three-dimensional workpiece geometry also formed three-dimensionally and preferably dimensionally on the cross section of the deformed rod-shaped material (Γ) is tuned such that the groove-like or groove-like depression (9) receives and supports the deformed rod-shaped material (1 ^' ).

7. The method according to any one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the bending mold (3) and / or the groove-like recess (9) in sections or completely from discrete support points forming, mutually adjustable arranged individual elements is formed, with the reshaped rod-shaped material (1) interact.

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bending mold (3) from at least one matched to the movement of the guide device (2) moving, point or planar-like counter-holder is formed, which is formed with the rod-shaped material (1) interacts.

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that guide means (2) and bending mold (3) in the bending deformation of the rod-shaped material (1) relative to each other (16) relative to each other, preferably a relative displacement in up to three spatial directions (6) run and / or at least one further pivot axis (22) can be pivoted relative to each other.

10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rod-shaped material (1) during the passage of the guide means (2) of the feed device (4) is linearly advanced in the direction (5) on the bending mold (3).

11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rod-shaped material (1) pre-bent at the beginning of the bending and / or in the bending mold (3) is inserted.

12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rod-shaped material (1) at least at the beginning of the bending deformation and / or at certain points (10) of the bending mold (3) positive and / or non-positively in the bending mold (3) is held, preferably non-positively clamped or positively in receptacles (24) of the bending mold (3) is inserted.

13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the reshaped rod-shaped material (1) an additional torsional load (14) is applied by the guide between means (2) and bending mold (3) a further Umformungsbelastung, preferably in the form of Shear stresses (15) on the rod-shaped material (1) is brought, whereby preferably the springback of the deformed rod-shaped material (1) is minimized.

A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rod-shaped material (1) is heated prior to the bending deformation to influence the yield strength of the rod-shaped material (1) to facilitate the bending deformation.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the heating of the rod-shaped material (1) by a heating device (18) depending on the respective reshaped portion (11) of the rod-shaped material (1) and the formed workpiece with different temperature profile (15) ,

16. The method according to any one of claims 14 or 15, characterized in that the heating is carried out conductively and / or inductively and / or by gas heating and / or by means of laser beam.

17. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that the guide means (2) during the forming of the rod-shaped material (1) cooled (19) and / or the bent rod-shaped material (1) after bending in the bending mold ( 3) is cooled and / or tempered.

18. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that during processing of tubular rod-shaped material (1) a mandrel during the deformation of the rod-shaped material (1) is used.

19. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the groove-like recess (9) sections or continuously formed as machined, preferably milled groove (9) is preferably made on the same machine, preferably in the same clamping, on the the bending deformation of the rod-shaped material (1) takes place.

20. An apparatus for producing bent wires, tubes, profiles or the like. From rod-shaped metallic materials (1), characterized in that the device comprises a guide means (2), wherein the guide means (2) relative to a bending mold (3) preferably is arranged three-dimensionally movable and adjustable and the rod-shaped material (1) is continuously movable in the direction of the bending mold (3) such that the rod-shaped material (1) between the bending mold (3) and relative to the bending mold (3) moving guide means (2) incrementally progressively along its bending line (16) is bent or deformed locally such that the rod-shaped material (1) in its bent configuration gradually at least partially adapts to the bending mold (3) and / or in the required workpiece geometry reshapes.

21. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that the device has a preferably arranged in front of the guide means feed device (4) which advances the rod-shaped material (1) continuously in the direction of the bending mold (3).

22. Device according to one of claims 20 or 21, characterized in that the bending mold (3) matching the cross-sectional shape of the rod-shaped material to be bent (1) at least in sections a groove-like or groove-like, preferably machined produced, preferably milled recess (9), which corresponds to the workpiece geometry to be produced.

23. The apparatus according to claim 22, characterized in that the groove-like or groove-like recess (9) corresponding to the required three-dimensional workpiece geometry also formed three-dimensionally and / or dimensionally matched to the cross section of the deformed rod-shaped material (1) such that the groove-like or groove-like Recess (9) the deformed rod-shaped material (1) receives and supports.

24. Device according to one of claims 22 or 23, characterized in that the bending mold (3) and / or the groove-like depression (9) sections wise or continuously from discrete bases forming, mutually adjustable arranged individual elements is formed, which interact with the forming rod-shaped material (1).

25. Device according to one of claims 20 to 24, characterized in that the bending mold (3) from a suitable to the movement of the guide device (2) moving, point or area-like counter-holder (29, 31) is formed, with the Forming rod-shaped material (1) interacts.

26. Device according to one of claims 20 to 25, characterized in that the guide device (2) and bending mold (3) are mutually adjustable in such a way that they in the bending deformation of the rod-shaped material (1) relative to each other, preferably a relative displacement in up to perform three spatial directions (6) to each other and / or at least one further pivot axis (22) are pivotable relative to each other.

27. Device according to one of claims 20 to 26, characterized in that along the bending mold (3), the deformed geometry of the rod-shaped material (1) clamping down device (10) are arranged.

28. Device according to one of claims 20 to 27, characterized in that the feed device (4) has a roller-like or pincer-like feed.

29. Device according to one of claims 20 to 28, characterized in that the feed device (4) an additional Torsionsbelastung (14) on the rod-shaped material (1) applies, by the between guide means (2) and bending mold (3) a further deformation load , Preferably in the form of shear stresses (15) on the rod-shaped material (1) is applied.

A device according to any one of claims 20 to 29, characterized in that a heating means (18) heats the rod-shaped material (1) prior to bending forming to affect the yield strength of the rod-shaped material (1) to facilitate bending deformation.

31. The device according to claim 30, characterized in that the heating device (18) conducts conductive and / or inductive and / or by gas heating and / or by means of laser beam.

32. Device according to one of claims 20 to 31, characterized in that a mandrel during the forming of tubular rod-shaped material (1) supports the tubular rod-shaped material (1) inside.