WO2015135775A1 - Assemblage de cellules interconnectées en série, en particulier pour un système d'accumulation redox et procédé pour réaliser ledit assemblage de cellules - Google Patents

Assemblage de cellules interconnectées en série, en particulier pour un système d'accumulation redox et procédé pour réaliser ledit assemblage de cellules Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015135775A1
WO2015135775A1 PCT/EP2015/054239 EP2015054239W WO2015135775A1 WO 2015135775 A1 WO2015135775 A1 WO 2015135775A1 EP 2015054239 W EP2015054239 W EP 2015054239W WO 2015135775 A1 WO2015135775 A1 WO 2015135775A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrolyte
web
membrane
composite
plastic
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2015/054239
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Geisler
Original Assignee
Schmid Energy Systems Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schmid Energy Systems Gmbh filed Critical Schmid Energy Systems Gmbh
Publication of WO2015135775A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015135775A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
    • H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
    • H01M8/188—Regeneration by electrochemical means by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
    • H01M50/528—Fixed electrical connections, i.e. not intended for disconnection
    • H01M50/529—Intercell connections through partitions, e.g. in a battery casing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • a series-connected composite of cells especially for one
  • the invention relates to a series-connected composite of cells with a membrane and disposed on both sides of the membrane electrodes, which is completed on both sides in each case by a plastic wall and is sealed at the longitudinal edges.
  • a composite is particularly suitable for the production of redox flow storage systems.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing such a composite.
  • Redox flow batteries or redox flow storage systems are based on the principle that two electrolytes flow through the half-cells of an electrochemical cell and thereby change their oxidation state on the surface of the electrodes. The emitted or absorbed in the half-cell reactions electrons over an external circuit work. The circuit is closed by an ion-conductive separating layer or membrane, which ensures the charge balance between the two half-cells. To make larger units, a whole series of cells must be connected in series.
  • bipolar plates for interconnecting the cells is complex and increases the total resistance of the cell network.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a serially interconnected composite according to the type mentioned, which can be produced in a simple and cost-effective manner, and to provide a manufacturing method for producing such a composite, which is applicable on a large scale.
  • a method for producing a series-connected composite of cells with a membrane and arranged on both sides of the membrane electrodes which is completed on both sides in each case by a plastic wall and sealed at the longitudinal edges wherein the process is carried out in a roll-to-roll process comprising the steps of: a) providing tape-shaped electrode material for a first and a second belt-shaped electrode; b) providing band-shaped plastic material for a first and a second cell wall web and punching out marginal service holes at both edges of each cell wall panel; c) providing band-shaped material for an ion-conducting membrane web and pretreating the membrane web on selected lines in the transverse direction and at both edges in the longitudinal direction; d) merging a first cell wall track followed by a first cell wall track
  • the object of the invention is completely solved in this way.
  • the entire composite can be produced in a roll-to-roll process, which ensures a simple and cost-effective production and also high safety, that the composite produced in this way is also sufficiently sealed when it is in the operation of electrolytes, that is, by an anolyte and a catholyte, flows through.
  • the serial interconnection of the adjacent cells is ensured by the band-shaped electrodes which pass through adjacent cells and are densified in a fluid-tight manner between adjacent cells by the production method.
  • the resulting in step (f) trenches are sealed immediately after their production with plastic.
  • the electrodes in step (a) made of porous graphite material, in particular one or more layers of graphite paper, produced on the several longitudinally over the entire length extending metal strip, preferably copper strip, at certain intervals be applied to a surface, preferably non-adherently attached or soldered at certain points.
  • the graphite electrodes are electrically connected to well-conducting current collector strips and they are reliably protected from chemical attack by the electrolyte solution.
  • a protective strip of plastic on the release side facing surface is applied to the membrane at the predetermined locations at which later in step (f) the separation of the electrodes in the transverse direction, in each case a protective strip of plastic on the release side facing surface.
  • the separation of the electrodes at the predetermined locations can be done by a mechanical cutting or sawing method, such as by means of a cutting roller, or about by a laser cutting process.
  • plastic material for all plastic parts polypropylene or optionally polyethylene, wherein the plastic material is preferably free from plasticizer.
  • plastic material for closing the trenches is preferably polyethylene, which is pressed or injected into the trenches, expediently at elevated temperature, so that a sufficient flowability is given.
  • electrolytic supply lines are connected to the supply holes punched out in step (b), preferably by matching the electrolyte connection pieces accurately via the assigned Supply holes are placed at predetermined locations and welded to the surrounding surface of the cell wall web, preferably by mirror welding.
  • the parts to be joined are first brought to a certain distance from each other and then heated locally by an introduced heated metal plate, so that after removal of the metal plate, the relevant parts can be welded together under pressure.
  • a group of supply holes is connected to an electrolyte fitting connected to an electrolyte main lead using at least four main electrolyte leads, one main electrolyte lead for the anolyte supply and the catholyte supply, and one main electrolyte lead for each the Anolytabschreib and the catholyte discharge, which are connected to the associated cells of the composite each via a voltage reduction path.
  • the voltage reduction sections are each made by wrapping the respective electrolyte main line with a hose, with which the relevant electrolyte main line is connected to the associated electrolyte connection piece.
  • the electrolyte fittings are preferably made by injection molding, preferably polypropylene or polyethylene.
  • a membrane web is used, which is narrower than the cell wall webs, preferably narrower by about 5 to 15 mm, and which is preferably made of a modified PTFE film, in particular of a modified with perfluorosulfonic PTFE Foil.
  • the membrane web can be enclosed and integrated directly when connecting the various webs between the plastic webs, without the need for further steps are necessary.
  • the modified PTFE material used has proven to be particularly advantageous for a highly effective membrane.
  • the pretreatment of the membrane web is preferably carried out in step (c) by oxidation in an oxidation bath at the predetermined locations.
  • the membrane web for the oxidation of the longitudinal edges in step (c) suspended in the longitudinal direction and are immersed with two longitudinal edges in the oxidation bath with a predetermined depth.
  • the membrane web for oxidation in the transverse direction in step (c) between the upper and lower pulleys are hung zig-zag-shaped and are immersed in the oxidation bath at a predetermined immersion depth of preferably 5 to 10 mm, are advanced after treatment and are immersed in the next section until all the selected lines have been oxidized in the transverse direction.
  • oxidation bath for example, sodium can be used dissolved in ammonia.
  • a series-connected composite of cells produced by the method described above has a membrane web and electrode webs arranged on both sides of the membrane web, the composite being closed on both sides in each case by a continuous plastic cell wall web over its entire length, and which is sealed at the longitudinal edges by a connection of the two cell wall webs, wherein the serial interconnection is formed by continuous electrode tracks which are electrically alternately in the transverse direction on one side and the other at each (n) -th and each (n + 1) - th cell are interrupted.
  • Such a series-connected composite of cells preferably each has a group of supply holes on the cells, which are connected to an electrolyte fitting, which is connected to an electrolyte main line, wherein at least four electrolyte main lines are provided, one main electrolyte line for anolyte supply and the Katholytzuschreib and in each case an electrolyte main line for the Anolytabcht and Katholytabschreib, which are connected to the associated cells of the composite each via a voltage reduction path.
  • the voltage reduction sections are each formed by at least one winding of a hose around at least one main electrolyte line.
  • the voltage reduction sections are each formed by at least one winding of a hose around at least one main electrolyte line.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross section through an inventive composite of cells connected in series with one another
  • FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the composite according to FIG. 1 from above;
  • FIG 3 is a plan view of the membrane web after treatment in the oxidation bath.
  • FIG. 4 is a plan view of an electrode web in an enlarged view
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross section through the electrode web according to FIG. 4;
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the treatment of the membrane sheet in an oxidation bath in the transverse direction
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing the longitudinal treatment of the membrane sheet in an oxidation bath
  • Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the composite of FIG. 1, which is additionally provided with the hydraulic supply and
  • Fig. 1 an inventive composite is shown in cross-section and generally designated by the numeral 10.
  • the composite 10 comprises a plurality of anodic half cells 13 and cathodic half cells 15, which are connected in series via integrated electrode tracks 16, 17 with each other.
  • the anodic half cells 13 and the cathodic half cells 15 are separated by a membrane web 14, which runs in the middle of the composite 10.
  • On one side of the membrane web 14 runs parallel to a first electrode web 16 and again parallel to a first cell wall web 1 1, through which the composite is closed to the outside.
  • On the other side of the membrane web 14 extends a second electrode web 17 and in turn parallel to a second cell wall web 12, through which the composite 10 is completed on this side to the outside.
  • the first electrode track 16 and the second electrode track 17 run through in the longitudinal direction of the composite 10 and are alternately electrically separated from one another on the one side and on the other side by a trench 24 which is filled with an electrically insulating filler strip 26 , In this way, a composite interconnected in series 10, wherein the current flow, which is indicated by the arrows 28, once between the cathodic half-cell 15 and the anodic half-cell 13 through the membrane 14 therethrough, then over the first electrode web 16 into the next, reversely poled half-cell, then again through the membrane 14 passes through etc.
  • the anodic half cells 13 and the cathodic half cells 15 are in each case alternately on one side and on the other side of the composite 10.
  • the electrodes 16, 17, which consist of porous graphite material, run continuously through the cell walls between adjacent cells, which are each produced by insulating Einschmelzzonen 18.
  • the Einschmelzzonen 18 are each disposed on both sides of a trench 24 and separate the adjacent cells fluid-tight from each other.
  • the porous electrode material is in this case sealed fluid-tight by the melting process.
  • a protective strip 22 made of polyethylene is attached in each case, by means of which the opposite electrode web 16 or 17 is protected from injury during the subsequent separation process.
  • Each cell 13, 15 has at the edge side according to FIG. 2, a plurality of supply holes 20, through which a flow with an anolyte or a catholyte in operation is made possible.
  • FIG. 4 shows a plan view of the first electrode track 16 in an enlarged view from above.
  • one or more layers of graphite paper 34 having a total thickness of about 0.5 to 1.2 mm as shown in FIG. 5 are used.
  • two or more metal strips 36 of copper are first applied to individual points by means of polypropylene over the entire length of the electrode web 16 or fastened by means of a soldering process.
  • a plastic strip 37 made of polypropylene is applied, which covers the metal strip 36 laterally.
  • a complementary plastic strip 38 is applied on the opposite side of the graphite paper 34. Longitudinal edges on the graphite paper web 34 of a certain width remain free.
  • the plastic strips 37, 38 are melted at their edges in the graphite paper 34. The temperature is hereby initiated especially on the line where the plastic strip over the associated metal strip 36 protrude.
  • the copper strips 36 are fixed in a fluid-tight manner on the graphite paper 34.
  • it is ensured by a suitable adjustment of the roll temperature and the duration that the graphite paper 34 is not soaked with plastic where it is to come into electrical contact with the metal strip 36.
  • supply holes 20 are punched in groups of, for example, four adjacent supply holes.
  • the supply holes 20 thereby form groups whose first and last holes are separated from one another by distances which are greater than the distances between holes 20 of the same group.
  • the centerlines between two adjacent pit holes groups define the so-called cell period.
  • a modified PTFE film is used, for example, a PTFE film modified with perfluorosulfonic acid.
  • a PTFE film modified with perfluorosulfonic acid for example, the membrane film from the company Fumatech (BWT Group) can be used, which is sold under the name Fumatec 450. This is an anion conductor that blocks cations.
  • Fumatec 450 This is an anion conductor that blocks cations.
  • cation-conducting and anion-blocking films may also be used.
  • the membrane strip material is about 8 mm narrower than the strip material from which the cell wall webs 1 1, 12 are produced.
  • the membrane material is superficially oxidized, such as by treatment in a solution of sodium and ammonia.
  • the membrane web 14 is bent egg-shaped in FIG. 7 in the longitudinal direction and suspended over a roller 50, so that the two longitudinal edges of the membrane web 14 dip into the oxidation bath 42.
  • the immersion depth r 2 defines the width of the treatment zone.
  • the membrane web according to FIG. 6 is suspended on a frame, with a lower frame 44 with lower deflection rollers 48 and with an upper frame 46 with upper deflection rollers 47.
  • the membrane web 14 thus becomes zig-zag-shaped between the upper deflection rollers 47 and the lower pulleys 48 held.
  • the membrane web 14 is now immersed in the oxidation bath 42 with the immersion depth r- ⁇ so as to generate the oxidation regions in the transverse direction.
  • the membrane web 14 is moved out first by moving the two frames 44, 46 from the oxidation bath 42 and then moved in the direction of arrows 49 until the next treatment zones abut the lower deflection rollers 48. Then again a treatment by lowering into the oxidation bath 42 to the depth r- ⁇ . The entire process is repeated until the entire membrane web 14 is treated at the selected locations.
  • the so-called cell wedding takes place.
  • two outer cell wall webs 11, 12, a central membrane web 14 and the two electrode webs 16, 17 are brought together to form a so-called cell web.
  • material is combined by five roles, counting from top to bottom, the first cell wall web 1 1, a first equipped with current collectors electrode track 16, wherein the metal strips 36 are oriented upwards, the pretreated membrane web 14, the second electrode web 17, with the metal strips 36 oriented downwards, and finally a second cell wall track 12.
  • the cell wall webs 1 1, 12 are displaced relative to one another in such a way that the aforementioned protective strips 22 are offset in the transverse direction by one cell period, cf. FIG. 1.
  • the groups of the supply holes 20 of the first and second cell wall webs 1 1, 12 are aligned with each other.
  • the five webs are melted together by hot rolling.
  • the melting process takes place only at the longitudinal edges of the cell wall webs 1 1, 12, and over a width, which detects the membrane 14 and the electrode edges 16, 17 with.
  • the Einschmelzzonen 39, 40 used in FIG. 5.
  • the fusing operation is carried out everywhere between two adjacent cell periods to 1 to 3 mm apart, transverse in the film transverse direction lines centered around the center line between the supply holes groups, so that the aforementioned Einschmelzzonen 18 arise.
  • trenches 24 are filled, for example by a printing process, with electrically non-conductive material, preferably polypropylene, so that the filler strips 26 according to FIG. 1 result.
  • electrically non-conductive material preferably polypropylene
  • the supply holes are each provided with an electrolyte fitting 60 that is coupled to an electrolyte main via an associated tubing 62.
  • There are four tubular electrolyte main lines are provided, which are arranged on the two sides of the cell assembly 10. According to FIG. 8, an electrolyte main line 55 for supplying an anolyte and in parallel an electrolyte main line for supplying a catholyte run.
  • an electrolyte main line 57 for discharging the anolyte and parallel thereto an electrolyte main line 58 for discharging the catholyte.
  • Fig. 9 shows a perspective view of an electrolyte fitting 60 which is just cut in a plane passing through the transverse channel 68 cutting plane.
  • a connection opening 66 is provided, which runs over the transverse channel 68 inwardly and then opens into a longitudinal channel 70 which is open at the bottom.
  • the longitudinal channel 70 which is closed off by the part of the cell wall provided with the supply holes 20, together with the supply holes 20, causes the electrolyte to be fed uniformly across the cell width, and also to be uniformly discharged again from the half cell.
  • the respective electrolyte connection pieces 60 are suitably positioned on the respective surface of the cell wall web 1 1 or 12 and then welded by mirror welding.
  • connection with the associated electrolyte main lines 55, 56, 57, 58 then takes place via hose lines 62, which are connected between the connection openings 66 and the respective main electrolyte line 55, 56, 57, 58.
  • a voltage reduction path 64 is generated by a winding 64 around the respective main electrolyte line 55-58 with several turns, that is to say the greatest possible ohmic resistance between two half-cells which are at different potentials.
  • connections between the outputs of the voltage reduction section 64 and the electrolyte fittings 60 change in their course along the composite from above to below and behind, according to the alternating alternating polarity of the individual cells.
  • the end electrodes at the axial ends of the composite 10 are slightly longer than the other tracks that make up the composite. At these two ends copper terminals are attached over the entire width of the electrode tracks and then soldered. Cell wall webs can also be cut to length by being cut through approximately in the middle of the period and the electrode webs are cut loose at the longitudinal edges in order to make them accessible to contact with copper conductors.
  • the distance between adjacent metal bands 36, their cross-sectional area and their width is determined from the maximum of the ratio of the active, the electrolyte exposed electrode area proportional useful power and the ohmic (electronic) losses in the electrode material.
  • the format and the area of the individual cells may be approximately DIN A4, with the cell measuring 20 cm in the flow direction and 30 cm in the flow direction, for example. It falls about such a cell from about 1 bar of pressure. Larger surfaces are preferred as long as the electrolyte pressure in the system does not become too large for the necessary electrolyte flow, preferably not significantly greater than 1 bar.
  • the number of cells connected in series is preferably determined from the minimum of the system cost / system performance ratio.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour produire un assemblage (10) de cellules (13, 15) interconnectées en série, comportant une membrane (14) et des électrodes (16, 17) disposées de part et d'autre de la membrane, ledit assemblage étant fermé des deux côtés respectivement par une paroi en matière plastique (11, 12) et étant rendu étanche au niveau des bords des grands côtés. L'assemblage (10) dans son ensemble est réalisé dans le cadre d'un processus bobine-bobine à partir de cinq bandes individuelles.
PCT/EP2015/054239 2014-03-12 2015-03-02 Assemblage de cellules interconnectées en série, en particulier pour un système d'accumulation redox et procédé pour réaliser ledit assemblage de cellules WO2015135775A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014103286.1 2014-03-12
DE102014103286.1A DE102014103286B4 (de) 2014-03-12 2014-03-12 Seriell verschalteter Verbund aus Zellen, insbesondere für ein Redoxflow-Speichersystem, und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung

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WO2015135775A1 true WO2015135775A1 (fr) 2015-09-17

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WO (1) WO2015135775A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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US20180348525A1 (en) * 2016-08-31 2018-12-06 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Display device

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US5518836A (en) * 1995-01-13 1996-05-21 Mccullough; Francis P. Flexible carbon fiber, carbon fiber electrode and secondary energy storage devices
WO2002052665A1 (fr) * 2000-12-22 2002-07-04 Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh Procede pour la production d'electrodes, de composants, de demi-cellules et de cellules pour des convertisseurs d'energie electrochimiques
WO2007110397A1 (fr) * 2006-03-27 2007-10-04 Basf Se Procédé de fabrication d'une unité d'électrode membranaire pour pile à combustible
US20080081249A1 (en) * 2006-08-02 2008-04-03 Sony Corporation Battery pack
WO2010094657A1 (fr) * 2009-02-18 2010-08-26 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Procédé de stockage d'énergie électrique dans des liquides ioniques

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US7318972B2 (en) * 2001-09-07 2008-01-15 Itm Power Ltd. Hydrophilic polymers and their use in electrochemical cells
JP3951841B2 (ja) * 2002-07-19 2007-08-01 トヨタ自動車株式会社 燃料電池のシール構造とその製造方法
EP2514015B1 (fr) 2009-12-18 2015-06-17 United Technologies Corporation Batterie à flux avec un champ d'écoulement interdigité
WO2012032368A1 (fr) * 2010-09-07 2012-03-15 Krisada Kampanatsanyakorn Empilement de piles à flux redox à plusieurs étages composé de piles monopolaires possédant des interconnexions intercellulaires bipolaires latérales, étendues et juxtaposées sur chaque étage de l'empilement

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US5518836A (en) * 1995-01-13 1996-05-21 Mccullough; Francis P. Flexible carbon fiber, carbon fiber electrode and secondary energy storage devices
WO2002052665A1 (fr) * 2000-12-22 2002-07-04 Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh Procede pour la production d'electrodes, de composants, de demi-cellules et de cellules pour des convertisseurs d'energie electrochimiques
WO2007110397A1 (fr) * 2006-03-27 2007-10-04 Basf Se Procédé de fabrication d'une unité d'électrode membranaire pour pile à combustible
US20080081249A1 (en) * 2006-08-02 2008-04-03 Sony Corporation Battery pack
WO2010094657A1 (fr) * 2009-02-18 2010-08-26 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Procédé de stockage d'énergie électrique dans des liquides ioniques

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20180348525A1 (en) * 2016-08-31 2018-12-06 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Display device
US10838213B2 (en) * 2016-08-31 2020-11-17 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Display device
US11422377B2 (en) * 2016-08-31 2022-08-23 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Display device

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DE102014103286B4 (de) 2022-10-27

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