WO2015132100A1 - Système et procédé de contrôle non destructif de soudures par fusion de métal sur des tubes à paroi mince - Google Patents

Système et procédé de contrôle non destructif de soudures par fusion de métal sur des tubes à paroi mince Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015132100A1
WO2015132100A1 PCT/EP2015/053867 EP2015053867W WO2015132100A1 WO 2015132100 A1 WO2015132100 A1 WO 2015132100A1 EP 2015053867 W EP2015053867 W EP 2015053867W WO 2015132100 A1 WO2015132100 A1 WO 2015132100A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sound waves
adjusting body
tested
blind holes
thin
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2015/053867
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Frank Uhlemann
Susanne Hillmann
David M. Schiller-Bechert
Zsolt Bor
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Ing.-Büro Prüfdienst Uhlemann
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., Ing.-Büro Prüfdienst Uhlemann filed Critical Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V.
Priority to EP15708150.6A priority Critical patent/EP3114472A1/fr
Publication of WO2015132100A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015132100A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/043—Analysing solids in the interior, e.g. by shear waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
    • G01N29/11—Analysing solids by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/26—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor
    • G01N29/262—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor by electronic orientation or focusing, e.g. with phased arrays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/26—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor
    • G01N29/265—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor by moving the sensor relative to a stationary material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
    • G01N29/30—Arrangements for calibrating or comparing, e.g. with standard objects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/4409—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison
    • G01N29/4427—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison with stored values, e.g. threshold values
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/023—Solids
    • G01N2291/0234—Metals, e.g. steel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/044—Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/056—Angular incidence, angular propagation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/10—Number of transducers
    • G01N2291/106—Number of transducers one or more transducer arrays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
    • G01N2291/263—Surfaces
    • G01N2291/2634—Surfaces cylindrical from outside
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
    • G01N2291/267—Welds
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
    • G01N2291/267—Welds
    • G01N2291/2675—Seam, butt welding

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system and a method for the non-destructive testing of molten metal welded joints on thin-walled pipes. It is intended for use in the testing of pipes with nominal wall thicknesses up to a maximum of 10 mm or preferably up to a maximum of 6 mm.
  • At least one probe for emission and detection of sound waves and at least one adjusting body which is made of a material which is the same or a material having at least approximately the same acoustic properties, as the respective thin-walled tube to be tested.
  • the dimensions and the diameter of the adjusting body are equal to those of the respective pipe to be tested.
  • a plurality of blind holes each having different length / depth are formed starting from its opening to its bottom in the adjusting body.
  • the blind holes in the adjusting body should be aligned in this case, that the central longitudinal axis of the blind holes is aligned at the same angle as the surfaces of the tubes which have been welded together.
  • welded joints are formed on thin-walled tubes as a V-weld. Accordingly, the end surfaces of the two pipes to be welded together have to be welded together at an angle prior to welding.
  • the central longitudinal axis of the blind bores should be oriented at an angle which is the complementary angle to 90 ° in which the end faces of the pipe ends to be welded are aligned, so that the central longitudinal axis of the blind bores may be at an angle ⁇ with respect to the surface of the blind Adjusting be coupled by the sound waves in the adjusting body, be aligned, and sound waves are then coupled with the same angle ⁇ in the adjusting body.
  • test head different ultrasonic probes can be used. In the simplest case, this may be a probe as a single ultrasonic transducer, can be emitted and detected with the sound waves. It should in any case be designed for a transit time detection of the sound waves, as is customary in the case of the test heads which can be used in the invention.
  • phased array sensors For carrying out the test, known per se known phased array sensors can be used, which simplify the test and can significantly shorten the time required for this.
  • Phased array sensors have a number of elements that can be used to emit and detect sound waves. Often these elements are present in a row and / or column arrangement on such a sensor. By appropriate control of the elements, sound waves with different and thereby still changing angles and possibly also at different times can be emitted.
  • Particularly advantageous is the possibility of sound wave emitting and detecting elements of a phased array sensor in several groups and thereby the individual groups each individually independently to be able to operate. Even so sound waves can be coupled at different positions in the material of a pipe to be tested or an adjusting body and thereby the angle of incidence of the sound waves are changed, which at least comes very close to a pivoting movement. Accordingly, the reflected back sound waves also from changing direction with corresponding angles to their detection on elements of the phased array sensor.
  • an error / defect can be detected and displayed as exceeding or falling below a predefinable threshold.
  • the individual measurement signals can be corrected using apertures, thresholds, comparison lines, depth compensation curves or similar tools, which will be discussed later.
  • a test of a pipe and an adjustment is carried out with at least one test head.
  • the test head With the test head, sound waves are transmitted at several positions and with different sound levels
  • the sound waves are directed to the weld of the pipe and during adjustment on bottoms of blind holes.
  • the reflected back sound waves are detected with the probe and with the / the detected Meßsignalamplitude (s), a comparison is performed on exceeding or falling below a predetermined threshold for detecting an error / defect.
  • Sound waves in the material of the pipe back takes place, by a corresponding, sound path-dependent amplification of measurement signals that have been detected with sound waves.
  • Sound wave emitting and detecting elements of a phased array sensor should be grouped into at least two groups, and the
  • Groups can be operated independently of each other. In this case, sound waves can be emitted by a group and then the sound waves reflected in the material of a pipe or adjusting body can be detected, while one or more other group (s) is / are inactive.
  • An essential part of the system is at least one adjustment body, which must be made individually for the respective test task. It serves to adjust the sensitivity of the test system.
  • An adjusting body is produced from a material which produces the same or a material with at least approximately the same acoustic properties as the respective pipe to be tested and with at least the same dimensions as external diameter and nominal wall thickness.
  • the material of the adjusting body are several blind holes each with different length and depth, starting from the opening of the blind holes to the bottom formed.
  • Flat bottom bores in which the bottom surface is oriented perpendicular to the inner walls of the blind hole and is designed as a flat surface are particularly preferred.
  • the Justier Sciences should be at least as long that the flat-bottomed holes can be introduced with sufficient distance from the bottom or the wall of the adjusting body or pipe end, and the sound waves emitting and detecting probe parallel to the central longitudinal axis of the Justier analysess can be moved so that all Blind holes can be sounded at least even after 3 deflections / reflections on a wall of the adjusting body.
  • the blind holes should be inserted from one side at an angle adapted to the seam preparation.
  • the central longitudinal axis of the blind holes should therefore be oriented at an angle corresponding to the complementary angle to 90 ° of the angle in which the welded together surfaces / edges of the tube ends welded to a pipe.
  • the center of the bore bottom should be arranged when using three blind holes in an adjustment in different depths of the pipe to be tested.
  • depths of J4, 3 and% of the nominal wall thickness of the respective pipe to be tested are favorable.
  • Depth, diameter and The angle of inclination of the blind holes should be kept within narrow, specified tolerances of nominal values.
  • blind bores with a semispherical bottom can also be formed in an adjusting body. These must be much larger in diameter with the same sensitivity than flat-bottomed holes. Therefore, they can only be used with large wall thicknesses and must be separately validated if their sensitivity differs in relation to flat-bottomed holes.
  • blind holes with semi-spherical bottom should not be the center of the hemisphere, but the lowest point in the appropriate depth in the material of the adjusting be arranged.
  • the lowest point at J4 3 and% of the nominal wall thickness of each pipe to be tested should be arranged.
  • An adjustment body has to be manufactured especially for the respective application and is used to check the overall system for functionality and to adjust the sensitivity at regular intervals.
  • Justier Sciences should be made of a thin-walled tube with the same material or a material with comparable acoustic properties and the same dimensions with outer diameter and wall thickness, as the respective pipe to be tested.
  • the length of the tube that forms the adjustment body should be at least so large that the complete test head holder and possibly its guide can be attached to it.
  • At least one bore extending vertically through a pipe wall can be introduced with a fixed diameter and thus a control body for the system according to the invention can be made available.
  • These holes should be (s) as centrally as possible on the Be arranged control body forming tube and the circumferential position, be marked for positioning of the probe holder.
  • phased array sensors allow spatially offset, independent sector scans to be performed with varying angles of emitted sound waves with a probe.
  • the individual ultrasonic wave emitting and detecting elements of a phased array sensor can be divided into at least two groups, which are spatially separated, and operated separately. Thus, for a 32 element phased array sensor, these elements can be divided into two groups, with the first group comprising elements 1-16 and the second group comprising elements 17-32.
  • these groups can be operated on a thin-walled pipe or an adjusting body so that they complete a sector swing which is at least the angular range of 90 ° minus the angle of the
  • each point of the weld can be scanned with the sound waves emitted by the two groups of elements and thus hit from at least two different angles.
  • the division of the elements of a phased array sensor into several groups means that several sound entry points can be used without axially displacing the test head, as a result of which the region of interest of the weld to be tested starts several times from different positions and with different angles of the sound beam is met, and so the coverage of the irradiated weld can be increased, which leads to an improvement in the test accuracy.
  • the test specimens can be the same as can be used in a phased array arrangement. These can then also be operated in TOFD mode.
  • a check of the coupling of the sound waves in the pipe to be tested or the adjusting body should be performed.
  • an additional group of elements of a phased array sensor can be used.
  • all elements of a probe can be used and emitted with them sound waves perpendicular to the surface of the tube or Justier stresses.
  • a back wall measuring signal (sound waves reflected from an opposite wall of the pipe) can be selected, which is easily differentiable from other measuring signals.
  • This measurement signal can be set to 80% of the screen height and a registration threshold of 40% screen height.
  • a depth compensation curve can be created for each group and each angle on the respective adjustment body.
  • the bottoms of the blind holes can be recorded with different sound paths, for example after reflection of the sound beam on a pipe wall and also after 2 reflections of the sound beam on a pipe wall.
  • three blind holes As a rule, the entire sound path area for testing on thin-walled tubes with the mentioned nominal wall thickness can be covered.
  • Elements of a test head for their detection back and compensated for the resulting different attenuation of the measured signals are compensated by measuring signal values of sound waves that have traveled a long way and therefore have been more attenuated, amplified accordingly or a corresponding increase in measured value can be performed.
  • a depth compensation curve can be used for each angle of the
  • Weld seam can be achieved.
  • Optimal defect detection can be achieved in welding seams in that the emitted sound wave bundle strikes the weld seam flank perpendicularly, since binding defects can usually arise just at the weld seam flank.
  • all positions of the weld seam should be scanned / irradiated in at least four different angles. As a result, sufficient redundancy can be achieved.
  • the weld form and center line should be set on the device.
  • a device / probe holder can be used, which ensures a constant distance of the probes to the weld, as well as each other, as well as a uniform coupling and has a displacement sensor.
  • the control body according to claim 8 can be used to control the optimal and uniform adjustment and coupling of the probes and the symmetrical alignment of the probe system at the weld.
  • the vertical bore of all probes is sounded, and both Meßsignalamplitude and sound paths (transit time) must be the same size in the symmetrically arranged probes within narrow limits. This test should be repeated periodically to ensure that the test can be carried out properly over a longer period of time.
  • the device / probe holder is attached to the pipe to be tested so that the weld is located exactly in the middle between the two probes and the distance of the probes to the weld center corresponds to a predetermined value.
  • the device / probe holder or a single test head can be moved 360 ° around the pipe under test or along the entire length of a weld. After that, the image created by means of the acquired measuring signals can be frozen and the coupling of the one or both test heads to a created C-image can be checked. If docking control indicates proper coupling throughout the scan, the data that A-images must contain at each point in the C-scan can be stored and evaluated.
  • comparison lines or fixed thresholds
  • comparison line method is on a comparison body recorded a comparison line and performed an echo height evaluation.
  • the comparison line is used to evaluate the measurement signals.
  • comparison reflectors for example, transverse bores, through-holes, flat-bottomed holes, edges, grooves, rear walls, half-spherical bores, etc. can be used.
  • Fixed thresholds are sound path range-dependent apertures that are set to a defined echo height.
  • a gain increase or decrease of the measurement signals can be specified.
  • the size of the measurement signal amplitudes and the depth position that can be taken from the A-images, the depth extent that can be taken from the sector image and a circumferential extent, which are taken from the C-image can be used.
  • the evaluation of the displayed measurement results can be done within the weld geometry.
  • an indication of the weld geometry in the sector image of the ultrasonic measurement signal can be used.
  • a very good adjustment of the positioning of the device / probe holder to the weld center in close tolerances is conducive.
  • longitudinal defects elongated defects / defects which lie in the axial direction of the tube
  • longitudinal defects can be detected particularly well.
  • the commonly used X-ray examination can be completely replaced by the ultrasonic inspection.
  • an avoidance of unnecessary radiation exposure to humans and the environment By simplifying the test method while providing sufficient detection accuracy, a saving of personnel costs compared to X-ray inspection can be achieved and the inspection and fault times of systems, eg in power plants, can be considerably shortened.
  • the test periods are also easier to plan.
  • the technology used is more cost-effective than with X-ray equipment.
  • the invention can be particularly advantageous for the testing of corresponding pipes in power plants, petrochemical plant construction, o.ä. be used.
  • Figure 1 shows three schematic sectional views through an adjusting body, each with a blind hole and a side view;
  • Figure 2 shows a detail of a sectional view of an adjusting body with a flat bottom hole
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view schematically the angle assignment
  • Test head insonification angle, flank weld preparation, weld seam, and position adjustment reflector
  • Figure 4 shows an example of a control body with through hole.
  • the three sectional views of an adjusting body 1 shown in FIG. 1 clearly show that three blind holes 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 are distributed over the circumference of the pipe, for example on a tubular adjusting body 1 in the pipe wall.
  • the blind hole 2.1 in this example is the shortest and has a length / depth that% of the nominal wall thickness of a pipe to be tested for the Justier stresses 1 is formed is, has.
  • the blind hole 2.2 has a length / depth
  • the blind hole 2.3 has a length / depth that corresponds to% of the nominal wall thickness.
  • the bottoms of the blind holes are thus arranged at different distances to the surface of the adjusting body 1, on which at least one test head not shown on the surface at which the openings of the blind holes 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 can be placed.
  • the adjusting body 1 is made of the same material as a pipe to be tested. It also has the same wall thickness and the same outside diameter as this tube to be tested.
  • a blind hole 2 is formed as a flat bottom hole in the material of an adjusting body 1 at an angle of 60 ° to the surface inclined.
  • the central longitudinal axis of the blind hole 2 is shown as a dash-dot line.
  • the bottom of the blind bore 2 is inclined at an angle of 30 ° with respect to the surface of the adjusting body 1. This angle corresponds to the angle at which the surfaces of the tubes that have been welded together have been chamfered during weld preparation.
  • the sound waves reflected back from the bottom of the blind hole 2 are used.
  • a vertical bore 4.1 is introduced at a remote location from the flat-bottomed holes or in an additional tube as a control body 4, which has a diameter of 1mm.
  • a weld 5 which is not formed on the adjusting body 1, but on the pipe to be tested, shown.
  • the test uses 2 phased array probes 3, each with 32 elements. These are each divided into 3 groups:
  • Group 1 sector swing between 50 ° and 70 ° (in 1 ° increments) with elements 1-16
  • Group 2 sector swing between 50 ° and 70 ° (in 1 ° increments) with elements 17-32
  • the probes 3 are installed in the probe holder, which is adapted to the outer diameter of 31.8 mm.
  • the distance between the probes 3 is set defined and made the control of the test system on the vertical bore of the control body 4.
  • the echo height (amplitude of the measurement signal) of the bore 4.1 with the comparable groups of both probes 3 must be almost the same as the indicated sound path.
  • the test head holder is placed around the weld to be tested around and centered.
  • the test heads 3 are guided once 360 ° around the pipe with the holder and recorded the data. If the coupling check (respectively group 3 of the test head) does not deliver any indication, the recording will be saved and can later be changed to any
  • a control body 4 with a bore 4.1 formed perpendicular to the surface is shown in FIG.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de contrôle non destructif de soudures par fusion de métal sur des tubes à paroi mince d'une épaisseur de paroi maximale de 6 mm. Ledit système comprend au moins une sonde, servant à émettre et détecter des ondes acoustiques, et au moins un élément de réglage qui est réalisé à partir d'une matière qui est la même matière, ou une matière ayant au moins approximativement les mêmes propriétés acoustiques, que celle du tube respectif à contrôler. Les dimensions et les diamètres/épaisseurs de l'élément de réglage sont au moins approximativement égaux à ceux du tuyau respectif à contrôler. Dans l'élément de réglage sont formés plusieurs trous borgnes qui ont chacun une longueur/profondeur différente de leur ouverture jusqu'à leur fond.
PCT/EP2015/053867 2014-03-03 2015-02-25 Système et procédé de contrôle non destructif de soudures par fusion de métal sur des tubes à paroi mince WO2015132100A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15708150.6A EP3114472A1 (fr) 2014-03-03 2015-02-25 Système et procédé de contrôle non destructif de soudures par fusion de métal sur des tubes à paroi mince

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14157473.1 2014-03-03
EP14157473.1A EP2916129A1 (fr) 2014-03-03 2014-03-03 Système et procédé de contrôle non destructif de raccords soudés par fusion de métal sur des tubes à parois minces

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015132100A1 true WO2015132100A1 (fr) 2015-09-11

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US (1) US20160139081A2 (fr)
EP (2) EP2916129A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015132100A1 (fr)

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WO2019127457A1 (fr) * 2017-12-29 2019-07-04 山东电力建设第一工程公司 Bloc d'essai de référence polyvalent permettant un essai ultrasonore de réseau à commande de phase de tube de petit diamètre
WO2019127458A1 (fr) * 2017-12-29 2019-07-04 山东电力建设第一工程公司 Groupe de blocs d'essai de vérification de capacité d'essai ultrasonore de réseau à commande de phase et son procédé d'utilisation
CN110441405B (zh) * 2019-07-26 2022-03-11 大唐东北电力试验研究院有限公司 高温蒸汽管道疏水管孔附近热疲劳裂纹检测对比试块
CN113125566B (zh) * 2020-01-15 2023-01-31 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 一种孔边径向分层对比试块
CN114487132A (zh) * 2022-01-28 2022-05-13 洛阳Lyc轴承有限公司 一种高铁轴承套圈用的超声相控阵检测对比试块

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