WO2015131411A1 - 电子打击乐器及其非接触式传感器和信号检测方法 - Google Patents

电子打击乐器及其非接触式传感器和信号检测方法 Download PDF

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WO2015131411A1
WO2015131411A1 PCT/CN2014/073374 CN2014073374W WO2015131411A1 WO 2015131411 A1 WO2015131411 A1 WO 2015131411A1 CN 2014073374 W CN2014073374 W CN 2014073374W WO 2015131411 A1 WO2015131411 A1 WO 2015131411A1
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signal
electric field
circuit
alternating electric
oscillating
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PCT/CN2014/073374
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English (en)
French (fr)
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曹少堃
钟曦
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深圳市海星王科技有限公司
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Priority to DE112014003706.0T priority Critical patent/DE112014003706B4/de
Publication of WO2015131411A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015131411A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/0033—Recording/reproducing or transmission of music for electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/0041—Recording/reproducing or transmission of music for electrophonic musical instruments in coded form
    • G10H1/0058—Transmission between separate instruments or between individual components of a musical system
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H1/00—Details of electrophonic musical instruments
    • G10H1/02—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos
    • G10H1/04—Means for controlling the tone frequencies, e.g. attack or decay; Means for producing special musical effects, e.g. vibratos or glissandos by additional modulation
    • G10H1/043—Continuous modulation
    • G10H1/045—Continuous modulation by electromechanical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H3/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means
    • G10H3/12—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument
    • G10H3/22—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument using electromechanically actuated vibrators with pick-up means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2230/00—General physical, ergonomic or hardware implementation of electrophonic musical tools or instruments, e.g. shape or architecture
    • G10H2230/005—Device type or category
    • G10H2230/015—PDA [personal digital assistant] or palmtop computing devices used for musical purposes, e.g. portable music players, tablet computers, e-readers or smart phones in which mobile telephony functions need not be used

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of electronic percussion instruments, and more particularly to an electronic percussion instrument and its non-contact sensor and signal detecting method.
  • Electronic percussion instruments such as electronic drums, need to convert the mechanical signal generated by the blow into an electrical signal through a transducer (sensor).
  • the sound source is used to convert the signal into a desired sound, which can be heard through the speaker or earphone. the sound of.
  • Conventional electronic percussion instruments usually use the following two methods to realize signal conversion: one is to use a piezoelectric sensor with piezoelectric ceramic as the core component as a vibration detecting component, which directly or indirectly contacts the striking surface of the instrument to vibrate The signal is converted into an electrical signal and transmitted to a subsequent circuit for processing.
  • the other is a capacitive sensor comprising two corresponding conductive electrodes, wherein one conductive electrode is mounted on the back side of the vibrating surface (the striking surface), and the other conductive electrode is fixed on an insulating block, each conducting The electrodes are respectively connected with wires for energization.
  • the two conductive electrodes are energized to charge a certain amount of charge therebetween, and when the vibration surface vibrates due to the striking, a change in capacitance is caused, and the vibration signal generated by the vibration surface is detected by the change in the capacitance.
  • both of the above sensors have the following disadvantages: 1. Inconvenient installation; 2. Poor anti-interference performance; 3. Since the sensors need to directly or indirectly contact the vibrating surface of the instrument to make measurements, the contact will inevitably affect the instrument. The vibration performance affects the uniformity of the hitting feel and vibration detection.
  • a technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a non-contact sensor with convenient installation and good anti-interference performance, and the non-contact sensor is used for converting a vibration signal generated by a surface to be tested into an electrical signal, which is realized.
  • the signal detection has good uniformity.
  • Another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an electronic percussion instrument having a non-contact type sensor which has good uniformity in signal detection by the electronic percussion instrument.
  • Still another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a signal detecting method for an electronic percussion instrument, which has good uniformity in signal detection.
  • the present invention provides a non-contact sensor, comprising: an oscillating circuit for generating an oscillating signal; and a transmitting end for transmitting the oscillating signal to generate an alternating electric field,
  • the measuring surface is placed in the alternating electric field to perturb the alternating electric field;
  • a receiving end is used to couple the alternating electric field to obtain a modulated signal;
  • a demodulating circuit is used for demodulating the a modulation signal at the receiving end; and an interface circuit for outputting the signal demodulated by the demodulation circuit.
  • the oscillating circuit, the demodulating circuit and the interface circuit are all disposed on a circuit board, and the circuit board protrudes from the two plates, and the two plates respectively form the transmitting end and the receiving end.
  • the two plates are parallel to each other and have a center distance of 1 mm to 100 mm.
  • the present invention also provides an electronic percussion instrument comprising a grounded conductive striking surface and a non-contact sensor, the non-contact sensor being located below the conductive striking surface to conduct a conductive striking surface
  • the generated vibration signal is converted into an electrical signal
  • the non-contact sensor includes: an oscillation circuit for generating an oscillation signal; and a transmitting end for transmitting the oscillation signal to generate an alternating electric field, the conductive
  • the striking surface is placed in the alternating electric field to perturb the alternating electric field; a receiving end is configured to couple the alternating electric field to obtain a modulated signal; and a demodulating circuit is configured to demodulate the receiving from the receiving a modulated signal at the end; and an interface circuit for outputting the signal demodulated by the demodulation circuit.
  • the conductive striking surface is supported on a casing, the casing being a conductive casing or a casing with a conductive shielding layer, and the non-contact sensor is disposed in the casing.
  • the oscillating circuit, the demodulating circuit and the interface circuit are all disposed on a circuit board, and the circuit board protrudes from the two plates, and the two plates respectively form the transmitting end and the receiving end.
  • the two plates are parallel to each other and have a center distance of 1 mm to 100 mm.
  • the amplitude of the modulated signal is proportional to the distance between the conductive face and the contactless sensor.
  • the present invention further provides a signal detecting method for an electronic percussion instrument, the electronic percussion instrument comprising a grounded conductive striking surface, the signal detecting method comprising the steps of: (a) providing an oscillating signal; (b) using a transmitting end to emit the oscillating signal to generate an alternating electric field, the conductive striking surface being located in the alternating electric field; (c) being subjected to the alternating electric field by the conductive striking Disturbing; (d) employing a receiving end to couple the alternating electric field to obtain a modulated signal; and (e) demodulating the modulated signal using a demodulating circuit.
  • the oscillating signal is provided as a sine wave signal, a triangular wave signal or a square wave signal having a frequency greater than 2 kHz.
  • the electronic percussion instrument realizes the detection of the musical instrument striking signal by a non-contact sensor, and the oscillating circuit on the sensor generates an oscillating signal of a fixed frequency and transmits through the transmitting end to generate an alternating
  • the electric field and the vibration strike have an influence on the distribution of the electric field
  • the receiving end obtains a modulated signal by coupling the alternating electric field, and the signal is obtained by amplification, demodulation, etc., to obtain the electric power corresponding to the vibration generated by the striking surface. signal.
  • the above carrier modulation method can distinguish the useful signal from the background noise from the spectrum, greatly improving the signal to noise ratio and having better anti-interference.
  • the non-contact sensor does not need to be in contact with the striking surface of the instrument, it does not affect the vibration performance of the instrument itself, and the uniformity of the vibration detection can be greatly improved.
  • the present invention is designed to be implemented by a face other than the sensor, which greatly simplifies the circuit structure of the sensor, reduces the size, and reduces the cost.
  • the signal detection method based on the above modulation and demodulation method can realize signal detection of an electronic percussion instrument with high precision, anti-interference, and low cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of an electronic percussion instrument of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a non-contact sensor in the electronic percussion instrument shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a circuit block diagram of the electronic percussion instrument shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 4 is a detailed circuit block diagram of the modulation circuit shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a signal detecting method for an electronic percussion instrument according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 6a is a waveform diagram of the carrier detection of the conductive striking surface in the detection of the signal detecting method of the electronic percussion instrument of the present invention.
  • Figure 6b is a waveform diagram of the signal demodulated as shown in Figure 6a.
  • Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of an electronic percussion instrument provided by the present invention, which will be described below with reference to the electronic drum 10 shown in Fig. 1.
  • the electronic drum 10 includes a housing 110, a striking surface 120, and a non-contact sensor 130.
  • the striking surface 120 is fixed and supported on the outer casing 110 by a connecting member 140.
  • the striking surface 120 is covered with a conductive mesh material to form a conductive striking surface 120 and grounded.
  • the face 120 has a certain dielectric property, the presence of which affects the spatial electric field distribution.
  • the outer casing 110 is made of a conductive material or a composite material with a conductive shielding layer to form a shielding cavity 150.
  • the non-contact sensor 130 is disposed in the shielding cavity 150 to expose the conductive surface 120.
  • the generated vibration signal is converted into an electrical signal. Since the entire cavity is shielded, the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal detection can be greatly improved and the interference of the instrument to the outside can be greatly improved during the operation of the sensor 130.
  • the non-contact sensor 130 of the present invention includes a circuit board 130a on which an oscillating circuit 131, a transmitting end 132, a receiving end 133, a demodulating circuit 134, and an interface circuit 135 are disposed.
  • the oscillating circuit 131 is an LC oscillating circuit for generating an oscillating signal.
  • the oscillating circuit 131 is coupled to the transmitting end 132 to apply an oscillating signal to the transmitting end 132.
  • the circuit board 130a protrudes from two substantially rectangular plate-like structures, and the two plates are covered with a metal layer to respectively form the transmitting end 132 and the receiving end 133.
  • the two plates are parallel to each other and are spaced apart from each other by a certain distance.
  • the center distance D1 of the two plates ranges from 1 mm to 100 mm. In the preferred embodiment, the center distance D1 is 30 mm to ensure that the transmitting end 132 and the receiving end 133 have a good coupling strength.
  • the transmitting end 132 is configured to emit an oscillating signal to generate an alternating electric field E below the conductive striking surface 120.
  • the vibration signal generated by the vibrating striking surface 120 (i.e., the amplitude generated by the striking surface) will disturb the alternating electric field E.
  • the receiving end 133 generates an amplitude modulated modulated signal by coupling the disturbed alternating electric field E, wherein the amplitude of the modulated signal is proportional to the distance D2 between the striking face 120 and the sensor 130.
  • the demodulation circuit 134 is for demodulating a modulated signal from the receiving end 133.
  • the demodulation circuit 134 includes a low noise preamplifier circuit 134a, a narrowband filter 134b, a detector circuit 134c, and a low frequency amplifier circuit 134d.
  • the low noise preamplifier circuit 134a is for amplifying the modulated signal from the receiving end 133 and introducing as little noise as possible; the narrowband filter 134b is for attenuating noise outside the carrier frequency band to improve the signal of the signal.
  • the noise detecting circuit 134c is configured to extract an envelope signal of the modulated signal, which may be implemented by a diode or a triode; the low frequency amplifying circuit 134d is configured to transmit an envelope signal (corresponding to the vibration signal generated by the conductive striking surface 120) )amplification.
  • the interface circuit 135 includes a power interface, a ground interface, and an output interface for respectively connecting a power supply, grounding, and outputting a signal demodulated by the demodulation circuit 134.
  • the interface circuit 135 can be connected to an external circuit in a USB interface.
  • the present invention also provides a signal detecting method for an electronic percussion instrument.
  • the above-described electronic percussion instrument is taken as an example to illustrate a specific implementation manner of the method.
  • the detection method of some embodiments includes the following steps:
  • an oscillating signal is provided (step S1), which is provided by the oscillating circuit 131 on the sensor 130.
  • the oscillating signal provided by some embodiments may be implemented by using a sine wave signal with a frequency greater than 2 kHz, a triangular wave, a square wave, etc., in order to save cost and improve anti-interference ability, some embodiments preferentially select a sine with a frequency of 1.78 MHz. Wave signal.
  • the selection of the high-frequency oscillating signal is advantageous for distinguishing the useful signal from the background noise from the spectrum, and greatly improving the signal-to-noise ratio.
  • a transmitting end 132 is used to transmit the oscillating signal to generate an alternating electric field E (step S2), wherein the transmitting end 132 is implemented by the emitter plate of the sensor 130, and the oscillating signal is transmitted through the emitter plate to generate an alternating Electric field E.
  • the alternating electric field E is disturbed by the conductive striking surface 120 (step S3). Since the conductive surface 120 has a certain dielectric property, its presence affects the distribution of the spatial electric field. When the face 120 vibrates, the distance between the face 120 and the sensor 130 changes, thereby causing disturbance to the alternating electric field E, which finally achieves amplitude modulation of the carrier signal (oscillation signal), as shown in FIG. 6a. As shown, the curve C1 is the vibration signal generated by the striking surface, and C2 is the modulated carrier signal.
  • a receiving end 133 is used to couple the alternating electric field E to obtain a modulated signal (step S4).
  • the receiving end 133 is realized by the receiving plate of the sensor 130. Since the alternating electric field E is disturbed by the conductive striking surface 120, the receiving end 133 is coupled to the alternating electric field E to obtain a modulated signal, and the modulation obtained by the receiving end 133 is obtained.
  • the amplitude of the signal is proportional to the distance between the striking face 120 and the sensor 130, that is, as the striking face 120 moves downward, the signal amplitude becomes smaller, and as the striking face 120 moves upward, the signal amplitude becomes larger.
  • the modulated signal is demodulated by a demodulation circuit 134 (step S5).
  • the receiving terminal 133 transmits the received modulated signal to the demodulating circuit 134 for signal processing.
  • the modulation signal is sequentially processed as follows: signal amplification is performed and noise is introduced as much as possible, noise outside the carrier frequency band is attenuated to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal, and the envelope of the modulated signal is extracted, and finally The envelope signal is amplified.
  • the vibration signal generated by the conductive surface 120 will be converted into a corresponding electrical signal, as shown by the curve C3 in Fig. 6b.
  • the electronic percussion instrument realizes the detection of the vibration signal of the instrument through a non-contact sensor, and the oscillation circuit on the sensor generates an oscillation signal of a fixed frequency and emits through the transmitting end to generate an alternating electric field, and the vibration
  • the receiving end obtains a modulated signal by coupling the alternating electric field, and the signal is amplified, demodulated, etc., to obtain an electrical signal corresponding to the vibration generated by the striking surface.
  • the above carrier modulation method can distinguish the useful signal from the background noise from the spectrum, greatly improving the signal to noise ratio and having better anti-interference.
  • the non-contact sensor does not need to be in contact with the striking surface of the instrument, it does not affect the vibration performance of the instrument itself, and the uniformity of the vibration detection can be greatly improved.
  • the non-contact sensor of the present invention since the non-contact sensor of the present invention only designs the oscillating circuit, the transmitting end, the receiving end and the demodulating circuit on one circuit board, the carrier modulation is realized by the striking surface outside the sensor, which simplifies the circuit of the sensor. Structure, reduce volume and reduce cost.
  • the signal detection method based on the above modulation and demodulation method can realize signal detection of an electronic percussion instrument with high precision, anti-interference, and low cost.

Abstract

一种电子打击乐器及其非接触式传感器（130）和信号检测方法，该电子打击乐器包括一接地的导电打击面（120）及一非接触式传感器（130），该非接触式传感器（130）包括一振荡电路（131），用于产生一振荡信号；一发射端（132），用于发射所述振荡信号而产生一交变电场，所述打击面（120）置于交变电场中对交变电场进行扰动；一接收端（133），用于耦合交变电场而得到一调制信号；一解调电路（134），用于解调来自接收端（133）的调制信号；以及一接口电路（135），用于输出解调后的信号。该电子打击乐器所使用的传感器（130）无需与乐器的打击面（120）接触，不会影响乐器自身的振动性能，可大幅度提高振动检测的均匀性。由于该乐器是采用打击面（120）来实现载波调制，简化了传感器（130）的电路结构、降低成本且提高抗干扰性能。

Description

电子打击乐器及其非接触式传感器和信号检测方法
技术领域
本发明涉及电子打击乐器的技术领域，更具体地涉及一种电子打击乐器及其非接触式传感器和信号检测方法。
背景技术
电子打击乐器，例如电子鼓，需要通过转换器（传感器）将打击产生的机械信号转换为电信号然而拾入音源，音源将信号转换成所需音色，再通过音箱或耳机变为人耳能听到的声音。
传统的电子打击乐器通常采用如下两种方式来实现信号转换：一种是采用以压电陶瓷为核心元件的压电传感器作为振动检测元件，其直接或间接接触于乐器的打击面，以将振动信号转换成电信号而传送至后续电路进行处理。另一种是电容式传感器，其包括两个相对应的导电电极，其中，一导电电极安装于振动面（打击面）的背面，而另一导电电极则固定于一绝缘块上，每一导电电极分别连接有通电用的导线。两导电电极通电以使两者之间充以一定电荷，振动面因打击而振动时，造成电容量的变化，从而利用电容量的变化来检测振动面所产生的振动信号。
然而，上述两种传感器均存在以下缺点：1.安装不便；2.抗干扰性能较差；3.由于传感器均需直接或间接地接触到乐器的振动面才能进行测量，而接触必然会影响乐器的振动性能，影响打击手感和振动检测的均匀性。
鉴于此，有必要提供一种可解决上述缺陷的电子打击乐器及其非接触式传感器和信号检测方法。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的一个技术问题是提供一种方便安装、抗干扰性能较好的非接触式传感器，该非接触式传感器用于将待测面所产生的振动信号转换成电信号，其所实现的信号检测具有良好的均匀性。
本发明所要解决的另一个技术问题是提供一种具有非接触式传感器的电子打击乐器，该电子打击乐器所实现的信号检测具有良好的均匀性。
本发明所要解决的再一个技术问题是提供一种电子打击乐器的信号检测方法，该信号检测方法所实现的信号检测具有良好的均匀性。
为了解决上述问题，本发明提供一种非接触式传感器，其包括：一振荡电路，用于产生一振荡信号；一发射端，用于发射所述振荡信号而产生一交变电场，所述待测面置于所述交变电场中对所述交变电场进行扰动；一接收端，其用于耦合所述交变电场而得到一调制信号；一解调电路，用于解调来自所述接收端的调制信号；以及一接口电路，用于输出经解调电路解调后的信号。
优选地，所述振荡电路、解调电路及接口电路均设置在一电路板上，所述电路板上凸伸出两极板，两所述极板分别构成所述发射端和接收端。
优选地，两所述极板相互平行且其中心距离为1mm-100mm。
为了解决上述问题，本发明还提供一种电子打击乐器，其包括一接地的导电打击面及一非接触式传感器，所述非接触式传感器位于所述导电打击面的下方以将导电打击面所产生的振动信号转换成电信号，所述非接触式传感器包括有：一振荡电路，用于产生一振荡信号；一发射端，用于发射所述振荡信号而产生一交变电场，所述导电打击面置于所述交变电场中对所述交变电场进行扰动；一接收端，用于耦合所述交变电场而得到一调制信号；一解调电路，用于解调来自所述接收端的调制信号；以及一接口电路，用于输出经解调电路解调后的信号。
优选地，所述导电打击面撑展在一外壳上，所述外壳为导电外壳或带有导电屏蔽层的外壳，所述非接触式传感器置于所述外壳内。
优选地，所述振荡电路、解调电路及接口电路均设置在一电路板上，所述电路板上凸伸出两极板，两所述极板分别构成所述发射端和接收端。
优选地，两所述极板相互平行且其中心距离为1mm-100mm。
优选地，所述调制信号的幅度正比于所述导电打击面与所述非接触式传感器之间的距离。
为了解决上述问题，本发明还提供一种电子打击乐器的信号检测方法，所述电子打击乐器包括一接地的导电打击面，所述信号检测方法包括以下步骤：（a）、提供一振荡信号；（b）、采用一发射端来发射所述振荡信号以产生一交变电场，所述导电打击面位于该交变电场中;（c）、由所述导电打击面对所述交变电场进行扰动；（d）、采用一接收端来耦合所述交变电场而得到一调制信号；以及（e）、采用一解调电路对所述调制信号进行解调。
优选地，在所述步骤（a）中，所提供的振荡信号为频率大于2KHz的正弦波信号、三角波信号或方波信号。
与现有技术相比，本发明所提供的电子打击乐器通过一非接触式传感器来实现乐器打击信号的检测，传感器上的振荡电路产生固定频率的振荡信号并通过发射端来发射以产生交变电场，振动的打击面对电场的分布产生影响，接收端通过耦合交变电场来得到一调制信号，此信号通过放大、解调等处理，即可得到与打击面所产生的振动相对应的电信号。上述载波调制方式，可从频谱上将有用信号与背景噪声区分开来，大大提高了信噪比，具有较好的抗干扰性。而且由于该非接触式传感器无需与乐器的打击面接触，因此不会影响乐器自身的振动性能，可大幅度提高振动检测的均匀性。此外，本发明由于将载波调制设计为由传感器之外的打击面来实现，大大简化了传感器的电路结构、减小体积且降低成本。基于上述调制和解调方式的信号检测方法可高精度、抗干扰且低成本地实现电子打击乐器的信号检测。
通过以下的描述并结合附图，本发明将变得更加清晰，这些附图用于解释本发明的实施例。
附图说明
图1为本发明电子打击乐器一实施例的结构示意图。
图2为图1所示电子打击乐器中非接触式传感器的结构示意图。
图3为图1所示电子打击乐器的电路原理框图。
图4为图3所示调制电路的具体电路框图。
图5为本发明电子打击乐器的信号检测方法一实施例的流程图。
图6a为本发明电子打击乐器的信号检测方法检测中经过导电打击面的载波调制后所产生的波形图。
图6b为图6a所示信号解调后的波形图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，附图中类似的组件标号代表类似的组件。显然，以下将描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
图1展示了本发明所提供的电子打击乐器的一实施例，下面以图1所示的电子鼓10进行说明。参照图1，所述电子鼓10包括外壳110、打击面120以及非接触式传感器130。在某些实施例中，所述打击面120通过连接件140固定并撑展在外壳110上，所述打击面120上铺设有导电网状材料而形成导电打击面120并且进行接地，该导电打击面120具有一定的介电特性，其存在会影响空间电场分布。优选地，所述外壳110采用导电材料或带有导电屏蔽层的复合材料制成而形成一屏蔽腔体150，所述非接触式传感器130置于该屏蔽腔体150内以将导电打击面120所产生的振动信号转换成电信号。由于整个腔体内部是屏蔽的，在传感器130工作过程中，可以大大地提高信号检测的信噪比以及减少乐器对外界的干扰。
参照图2和图3，本发明的非接触式传感器130包括一电路板130a，所述电路板上设置有振荡电路131、发射端132、接收端133、解调电路134及接口电路135。
在某些实施例中，所述振荡电路131为LC振荡电路，其用于产生一振荡信号。所述振荡电路131与所述发射端132相连以向发射端132施加振荡信号。
在某些实施例中，电路板130a上凸伸出两大致呈矩形片状结构的极板，两极板上覆盖有金属层而分别构成所述发射端132和接收端133。两所述极板相互平行且两者之间相互间隔某一距离。具体地，两极板的中心距离D1的取值范围为1mm-100mm。在本优选实施例中，该中心距离D1取值30mm以保证发射端132和接收端133具有较好的耦合强度。如图1和图2所示，所述发射端132用于发射振荡信号而在导电打击面120的下方产生一交变电场E。在导电打击面120受到外力而产生振动时，其所产生的振动信号（也即打击面所产生的振幅）将会对交变电场E产生扰动。所述接收端133通过耦合受扰动后的交变电场E来产生一经过幅度调制的调制信号，其中，调制信号的幅度正比于打击面120与传感器130之间的距离D2。当打击面120向下移动时，D2的值变小，信号幅度变小；当打击面120向上移动时，D2的值变大，信号幅度变大。
所述解调电路134用于解调来自所述接收端133的调制信号。在某些实施例中，所述解调电路134包括一低噪声前置放大电路134a、一窄带滤波器134b、一检波电路134c及一低频放大电路134d。其中，所述低噪声前置放大电路134a用于将来自接收端133的调制信号放大并尽可能引入更少的噪声；所述窄带滤波器134b用于衰减载波频段以外的噪声以提高信号的信噪比，所述检波电路134c用于提取调制信号的包络信号，其可由二极管或三极管来实现；所述低频放大电路134d用于将包络信号（对应于导电打击面120所产生的振动信号）放大。
所述接口电路135包括一电源接口、接地接口及输出接口以分别用于连接供电电源、进行接地以及输出经解调电路134解调后的信号。在某些实施例中，该接口电路135可以USB接口的方式与外部电路进行连接。
同时，本发明还提供一种电子打击乐器的信号检测方法，下面以上述电子打击乐器为例来说明该方法的具体实现方式。参照图5，某些实施例的检测方法包括以下步骤：
首先，提供一振荡信号（步骤S1），该振荡信号由传感器130上的振荡电路131来提供。某些实施例所提供的振荡信号可采用频率大于2KHz的正弦波信号、三角波、方波等波形信号来实现，为了节约成本且提高抗干扰能力，某些实施例优先选择频率为1.78MHz的正弦波信号。选用该高频率的振荡信号有利于从频谱上将有用信号与背景噪声区分开来，大大提高信噪比。
采用一发射端132来发射所述振荡信号以产生一交变电场E（步骤S2），其中，发射端132由传感器130的发射极板来实现，振荡信号通过发射极板来发射以产生交变电场E。
由导电打击面120对所述交变电场E进行扰动（步骤S3）。由于导电打击面120存在一定的介电特性，其存在会影响空间电场的分布。当打击面120振动时，其与传感器130之间的距离会产生变化，从而对所在的交变电场E产生扰动，该扰动过程最终实现了对载波信号（振荡信号）的幅度调制，如图6a所示，其中曲线C1为打击面所产生的振动信号，C2为经过调制后的载波信号。
采用一接收端133来耦合所述交变电场E，从而得到一调制信号（步骤S4）。接收端133由传感器130的接收极板来实现，由于交变电场E受到了导电打击面120的扰动，接收端133耦合于交变电场E则可得到一调制信号，接收端133所得到的调制信号的幅度正比于打击面120与传感器130之间的距离，也即，当打击面120向下移动时，信号幅度变小，当打击面120向上移动时，信号幅度变大。
采用一解调电路134对所述调制信号进行解调（步骤S5）。接收端133将所接收到的调制信号发送到解调电路134进行信号处理。在该解调电路134中，将依次对调制信号进行如下处理：进行信号放大并尽可能避免引入噪声、衰减载波频段以外的噪声以提高信号的信噪比、提取调制信号的包络，最后将包络信号进行放大。经过上述解调电路134的处理，导电打击面120所产生的振动信号将被转换为相应的电信号，如图6b中的曲线C3所示。
如上所述，本发明所提供的电子打击乐器通过一非接触式传感器来实现乐器振动信号的检测，传感器上的振荡电路产生固定频率的振荡信号并通过发射端来发射以产生交变电场，振动的打击面对电场的分布产生影响，接收端通过耦合交变电场来得到一调制信号，此信号通过放大、解调等处理，即可得到与打击面所产生的振动相对应的电信号。上述载波调制方式，可从频谱上将有用信号与背景噪声区分开来，大大提高了信噪比，具有较好的抗干扰性。而且由于该非接触式传感器无需与乐器的打击面接触，因此不会影响乐器自身的振动性能，可大幅度提高振动检测的均匀性。此外，由于本发明的非接触式传感器仅将振荡电路、发射端、接收端及解调电路设计在一块电路板上，而载波调制则由传感器之外的打击面来实现，简化了传感器的电路结构、减小体积且降低成本。基于上述调制和解调方式的信号检测方法可高精度、抗干扰且低成本地实现电子打击乐器的信号检测。
以上结合最佳实施例对本发明进行了描述，但本发明并不局限于以上揭示的实施例，而应当涵盖各种根据本发明的本质进行的修改、等效组合。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种非接触式传感器，用于将待测面所产生的振动信号转换成电信号，其特征在于，所述非接触式传感器包括：
    一振荡电路，用于产生一振荡信号；
    一发射端，用于发射所述振荡信号而产生一交变电场，所述待测面置于所述交变电场中对所述交变电场进行扰动；
    一接收端，用于耦合所述交变电场而得到一调制信号；
    一解调电路，用于解调来自所述接收端的调制信号；以及
    一接口电路，用于输出经解调电路解调后的信号。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的非接触式传感器，其特征在于：所述振荡电路、解调电路及接口电路均设置在一电路板上，所述电路板上凸伸出两极板，两所述极板分别构成所述发射端和接收端。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的非接触式传感器，其特征在于：两所述极板相互平行且其中心距离为1mm-100mm。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的非接触式传感器，其特征在于：所述振荡信号采用频率大于2KHz的正弦波信号、三角波信号或方波信号。
  5. 一种电子打击乐器，其特征在于：包括一接地的导电打击面及一非接触式传感器，所述非接触式传感器位于所述导电打击面的下方以将导电打击面所产生的振动信号转换成电信号，所述非接触式传感器包括：
    一振荡电路，用于产生一振荡信号；
    一发射端，用于发射所述振荡信号而产生一交变电场，所述导电打击面置于所述交变电场中而对所述交变电场进行扰动；
    一接收端，用于耦合所述交变电场而得到一调制信号；
    一解调电路，用于解调来自所述接收端的调制信号；以及
    一接口电路，用于输出经解调电路解调后的信号。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的电子打击乐器，其特征在于：所述导电打击面撑展在一外壳上，所述外壳为导电外壳或带有导电屏蔽层的外壳，所述非接触式传感器置于所述外壳内。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的电子打击乐器，其特征在于：所述振荡电路、解调电路及接口电路均设置在一电路板上，所述电路板上凸伸出两极板，两所述极板分别构成所述发射端和接收端。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的电子打击乐器，其特征在于：两所述极板相互平行且其中心距离为1mm-100mm。
  9. 如权利要求5所述的电子打击乐器，其特征在于：所述调制信号的幅度正比于所述导电打击面与所述非接触式传感器之间的距离。
  10. 如权利要求5所述的电子打击乐器，其特征在于：所述振荡信号采用频率大于2KHz的正弦波信号、三角波信号或方波信号。
  11. 一种电子打击乐器的信号检测方法，所述电子打击乐器包括一接地的导电打击面，其特征在于，所述信号检测方法包括以下步骤：
    （a）、提供一振荡信号；
    （b）、采用一发射端来发射所述振荡信号以产生一交变电场，所述导电打击面位于该交变电场中;
    （c）、由所述导电打击面对所述交变电场进行扰动；
    （d）、采用一接收端来耦合所述交变电场而得到一调制信号；以及
    （e）、采用一解调电路对所述调制信号进行解调。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的信号检测方法，其特征在于：在所述步骤（a）中，所提供的振荡信号为频率大于2KHz的正弦波信号、三角波信号或方波信号。
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