WO2015129285A1 - 直噴ガソリンエンジンの制御装置 - Google Patents
直噴ガソリンエンジンの制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015129285A1 WO2015129285A1 PCT/JP2015/001079 JP2015001079W WO2015129285A1 WO 2015129285 A1 WO2015129285 A1 WO 2015129285A1 JP 2015001079 W JP2015001079 W JP 2015001079W WO 2015129285 A1 WO2015129285 A1 WO 2015129285A1
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- Prior art keywords
- injection
- fuel
- injector
- combustion chamber
- gasoline engine
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- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 275
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D35/00—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02D35/02—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions
- F02D35/023—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions by determining the cylinder pressure
- F02D35/024—Controlling engines, dependent on conditions exterior or interior to engines, not otherwise provided for on interior conditions by determining the cylinder pressure using an estimation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
- F02D41/2096—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils for controlling piezoelectric injectors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/3011—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion
- F02D41/3017—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion characterised by the mode(s) being used
- F02D41/3023—Controlling fuel injection according to or using specific or several modes of combustion characterised by the mode(s) being used a mode being the stratified charge spark-ignited mode
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
- F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
- F02D41/401—Controlling injection timing
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
- F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
- F02D41/402—Multiple injections
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
- F02M45/12—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship providing a continuous cyclic delivery with variable pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/0603—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
- F02M61/08—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series the valves opening in direction of fuel flow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
- F02M61/1806—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for characterised by the arrangement of discharge orifices, e.g. orientation or size
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/02—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
- F02B23/06—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
- F02B23/0603—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston at least part of the interior volume or the wall of the combustion space being made of material different from the surrounding piston part, e.g. combustion space formed within a ceramic part fixed to a metal piston head
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
- F02B23/08—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
- F02B23/10—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition with separate admission of air and fuel into cylinder
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
- F02D2041/389—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type for injecting directly into the cylinder
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2250/00—Engine control related to specific problems or objectives
- F02D2250/11—Oil dilution, i.e. prevention thereof or special controls according thereto
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
Definitions
- the technology disclosed here relates to a control device for a direct injection gasoline engine.
- the first fuel injection is performed during the intake stroke or the compression stroke to form a lean air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber, and then during the compression stroke A second fuel injection is performed to form a rich mixture in the combustion chamber.
- Patent Document 2 describes an externally opened injector that injects fuel into a combustion chamber of an engine.
- the effective sectional area of the nozzle port through which fuel is injected changes by changing the lift amount of the valve body.
- Patent Document 3 describes a VCO (Valve Covered Orifice) nozzle type injector.
- the VCO nozzle type injector is configured so that the needle valve is directly seated on the seat portion where the nozzle opening is opened and the nozzle opening is closed, and according to the lift amount of the needle valve, The size of the cavitation region generated on the inner peripheral surface changes.
- the effective sectional area of the nozzle port changes according to the lift amount of the needle valve, as in the case of the externally opened injector.
- Patent Document 4 in an engine provided with an outer valve-opening injector that is arranged on the cylinder central axis and injects fuel in a cone shape, the fuel is injected into the cylinder at the later stage of the compression stroke, and combustion is performed. It describes that an air-fuel mixture layer and a surrounding gas layer (a gas layer containing fresh air) are formed in the room. In the engine described in Patent Document 4, cooling loss is reduced by causing the surrounding gas layer to function as a heat insulating layer during combustion of the air-fuel mixture forming the air-fuel mixture layer.
- the fuel spray injected into the combustion chamber is affected by the environment in the combustion chamber. That is, even if fuel is injected in the same injection mode, the concentration distribution, shape, and the like of the air-fuel mixture formed in the combustion chamber vary depending on the environment in the combustion chamber.
- the technology disclosed herein has been made in view of such a point, and its purpose is to suppress changes in the air-fuel mixture caused by environmental changes in the combustion chamber.
- the technology disclosed here is directed to a control device for a direct injection gasoline engine.
- This control device for a direct injection gasoline engine has a piston provided in a cylinder, an engine main body in which a combustion chamber is defined by the cylinder and the piston, and fuel containing at least gasoline in the combustion chamber via an injection port.
- a control unit that controls the injection mode of the injector at least in the second half of the compression stroke, and the injector has parameters for adjusting the spread of the fuel spray. Then, the control unit predicts the pressure state of the combustion chamber, and when the predicted pressure of the combustion chamber is high, the parameter is set to the fuel spray even when the combustion injection amount is the same as when the pressure is low. Adjust so that the spread of
- the control unit may adjust the parameter so that the spread of the fuel spray becomes larger as the predicted pressure of the combustion chamber becomes higher even with the same fuel injection amount.
- the latter half of the compression stroke means the latter half when the compression stroke is divided into two equal parts, the first half and the second half.
- the injector can adjust the spread of the fuel spray by adjusting the parameters.
- the parameter for adjusting the spread of the fuel spray is, for example, the effective cross-sectional area of the nozzle hole or the injection interval in the case of multistage injection.
- the parameter is adjusted such that the spread of the fuel spray increases as the in-cylinder pressure increases. Thereby, it is suppressed that fuel spray shrinks due to an increase in in-cylinder pressure. That is, it becomes easy to form a desired air-fuel mixture by eliminating the influence of fluctuations in the cylinder pressure as much as possible.
- the parameter is an effective sectional area of the nozzle
- the control unit is configured so that when the predicted pressure of the combustion chamber is high, the nozzle has the same combustion injection amount than when the pressure is low.
- the effective cross-sectional area may be increased.
- the spread of fuel spray can be adjusted by adjusting the effective area of the nozzle. Specifically, when the effective sectional area of the nozzle hole changes, the particle size of the fuel spray injected from the nozzle hole changes. When the particle size of the fuel spray changes, the momentum of the fuel spray changes. When the momentum of the fuel spray changes, the scattering distance of the fuel spray changes and the spread of the fuel spray changes. Specifically, the larger the effective cross-sectional area of the nozzle hole, the larger the particle size of the fuel spray and the greater the spread of the fuel spray.
- the parameter is an injection interval when multistage injection is performed, and the control unit performs multistage injection at least in the latter half of the compression stroke, and when the predicted pressure of the combustion chamber is high or low Alternatively, the injection interval may be increased even with the same combustion injection amount.
- a plurality of fuel injections are intermittently performed, and the spread of the fuel spray can be adjusted by adjusting the injection interval at that time.
- a region where a negative pressure is generated in the vicinity of the central axis of the fuel injection occurs due to the Coanda effect.
- the size of the negative pressure region changes according to the injection interval. Specifically, when the injection interval is large, the pressure in the negative pressure region can be recovered before the next fuel is injected, so the negative pressure region becomes smaller. When the negative pressure region is small, the fuel spray is not attracted to the negative pressure so much and is easily diffused.
- the injection interval when the injection interval is small, the fuel is injected one after another, so that the negative pressure in the negative pressure region is maintained and the negative pressure region becomes larger.
- the negative pressure region is large, the fuel spray is attracted to the negative pressure and the spread is suppressed. That is, as the injection interval is larger, the fuel spray is more easily spread, and as the injection interval is smaller, the spread of the fuel spray is suppressed.
- the effective cross-sectional area of the nozzle hole also affects the sensitivity of the fuel spray from the negative pressure region.
- the particle size of the fuel spray is small, so that the fuel spray is easily affected by the negative pressure region. That is, the fuel spray having a small particle size is easily attracted to the negative pressure region and is easily decelerated by the negative pressure region. Therefore, the spread of fuel spray can be suppressed by reducing the effective sectional area of the nozzle hole.
- the spread of the fuel spray can be adjusted according to the in-cylinder pressure.
- the parameter is an effective cross-sectional area of the nozzle and an injection interval in the case of performing multistage injection, and the control unit performs multistage injection at least in the latter half of the compression stroke and predicts the combustion chamber.
- the control unit performs multistage injection at least in the latter half of the compression stroke and predicts the combustion chamber.
- the spread of the fuel spray increases as the effective cross-sectional area of the nozzle increases.
- the spread of fuel spray increases as the injection interval increases. For this reason, as the in-cylinder pressure increases, the effective sectional area of the injection hole is increased and / or the injection interval is increased, thereby suppressing the reduction of fuel spray due to the increase in the in-cylinder pressure. As a result, fluctuations in the concentration distribution and shape of the air-fuel mixture due to fluctuations in the in-cylinder pressure can be suppressed.
- the injector includes a nozzle body in which the nozzle hole is formed and a valve body that opens and closes the nozzle hole, and an effective cross-sectional area of the nozzle hole changes according to a lift amount of the valve body, and the valve body
- the effective sectional area of the jet term may be increased as the lift amount of the valve increases.
- the effective sectional area of the nozzle can be adjusted by adjusting the lift amount of the valve body, and consequently the particle size of the fuel spray can be changed.
- control device for a direct injection gasoline engine has a piston provided in a cylinder, an engine main body in which a combustion chamber is defined by the cylinder and the piston, and fuel containing at least gasoline in the combustion chamber via an injection port. And a control unit that controls the injection mode of the injector at least in the second half of the compression stroke, and the injector has parameters for adjusting the spread of the fuel spray. Then, the control unit adjusts the parameter so that the spread of the fuel spray becomes smaller as the fuel injection timing is earlier, corresponding to the fuel injection timing by the injector in the latter half of the compression stroke.
- the in-cylinder pressure is greatly influenced by the fuel injection timing in the latter half of the compression stroke, and even if the fuel injection amount is almost the same at the same engine load, for example, when the engine speed is high, the fuel vaporization time (ignition delay) Therefore, the fuel injection start time tends to be advanced, and the in-cylinder pressure at the start of fuel injection is low, and the fuel spray tends to spread.
- the parameter for adjusting the spread of the fuel spray is set so that the spread of the fuel spray becomes smaller as the fuel injection timing is earlier corresponding to the fuel injection timing by the injector.
- the parameter is an effective sectional area of the nozzle, and the control unit reduces the effective sectional area of the nozzle when the fuel injection timing by the injector in the latter half of the compression stroke is early compared to when it is late. You may do it.
- control unit forms a gas layer of fresh air and / or burned gas between the wall surface defining the combustion chamber and the mixture layer when the mixture in the mixture layer ignites.
- fuel may be injected in the latter half of the compression stroke by the injector.
- the surrounding gas layer functions as a heat insulating layer interposed between the air-fuel mixture layer and the wall surface that defines the combustion chamber, and is cooled. Loss can be greatly reduced.
- the wall surface of the combustion chamber may be an inner wall surface of a concave cavity formed on the crown surface of the piston.
- the fuel spray injected from the injector forms an air-fuel mixture layer in the concave cavity space having a volume, so that the gas is surely interposed between the inner wall surface of the cavity and the air-fuel mixture layer. A layer is formed and cooling losses can be greatly reduced.
- the change of the air-fuel mixture due to the environmental change in the combustion chamber can be suppressed.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a direct injection gasoline engine.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the internal configuration of the injector.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an engine operation map.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view conceptually showing the shape of the air-fuel mixture layer formed in the combustion chamber.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the spreading direction of the fuel spray injected from the injector.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the fuel injection interval.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the lift amount of the outer valve-open injector.
- FIG. 8A is a conceptual diagram showing the spread of fuel spray when the fuel injection interval is long
- FIG. 8B is a conceptual diagram showing the spread of fuel spray when the fuel injection interval is short.
- FIG. 9A is a conceptual diagram showing the spread of fuel spray when the lift amount of the injector is small
- FIG. 9B is a conceptual diagram showing the spread of fuel spray when the lift amount of the injector is large
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a change in the in-cylinder pressure with respect to the crank angle.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a change in the lift amount with respect to the in-cylinder pressure.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a change in the injection interval with respect to the in-cylinder pressure.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an injection mode when the load is low.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an injection mode when the load is high.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view showing an internal configuration of an injector according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a change in the in-cylinder pressure with respect to the crank angle.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a change in the lift amount with respect to the in-cylinder pressure.
- FIG. 16 shows (A) the shape of the air-fuel mixture layer when the in-cylinder pressure is relatively high, and (B) the injection mode at that time.
- FIG. 17 shows (A) the shape of the air-fuel mixture layer when the in-cylinder pressure is relatively low, and (B) the injection mode at that time.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a direct injection engine 1 (hereinafter simply referred to as the engine 1).
- the engine 1 includes various actuators associated with the engine body, various sensors, and an engine controller 100 that controls the actuators based on signals from the sensors.
- the engine 1 is mounted on a vehicle such as an automobile, and its output shaft is connected to a drive wheel via a transmission (not shown). The vehicle is propelled by the output of the engine 1 being transmitted to the drive wheels.
- the engine body of the engine 1 includes a cylinder block 12 and a cylinder head 13 mounted thereon, and a plurality of cylinders 11 are formed in the cylinder block 12 (in FIG. 1). , Only one cylinder 11 is shown). Although not shown, a water jacket through which cooling water flows is formed inside the cylinder block 12 and the cylinder head 13.
- the fuel of the engine 1 is gasoline in the present embodiment, but it may be gasoline containing bioethanol or the like, and may be any fuel as long as it is at least liquid fuel containing gasoline.
- a piston 15 is slidably inserted.
- the piston 15 divides the combustion chamber 17 together with the cylinder 11 and the cylinder head 13.
- the combustion chamber 17 is a so-called pent roof type, and its ceiling surface (that is, the lower surface of the cylinder head 13) has a triangular roof shape composed of two inclined surfaces on the intake side and the exhaust side.
- the crown surface of the piston 15 has a convex shape corresponding to the ceiling surface, and a concave cavity (concave portion) 15a is formed at the center of the crown surface.
- the shape of the ceiling surface and the crown surface of the piston 15 may be any shape as long as a high geometric compression ratio described later is realized.
- both the ceiling surface and the crown surface of the piston 15 may be configured by surfaces perpendicular to the central axis of the cylinder 11, and the ceiling surface is triangular as described above.
- the crown surface of the piston 15 may be configured by a surface perpendicular to the central axis of the cylinder 11.
- two intake ports 18 are formed in the cylinder head 13 for each cylinder 11, each of which is a lower surface of the cylinder head 13 (that is, an inclined surface on the intake side on the ceiling surface of the combustion chamber 17). Opening to communicate with the combustion chamber 17.
- two exhaust ports 19 are formed in the cylinder head 13 for each cylinder 11, and each opens to the lower surface of the cylinder head 13 (that is, the inclined surface on the exhaust side of the ceiling surface of the combustion chamber 17). 17 communicates.
- the intake port 18 is connected to an intake passage (not shown) through which fresh air introduced into the cylinder 11 flows.
- a throttle valve 20 for adjusting the intake flow rate is interposed in the intake passage, and the opening degree of the throttle valve 20 is adjusted in response to a control signal from the engine controller 100.
- the exhaust port 19 is connected to an exhaust passage (not shown) through which burned gas (that is, exhaust gas) from each cylinder 11 flows.
- an exhaust gas purification system having one or more catalytic converters is disposed in the exhaust passage.
- the catalytic converter includes a three-way catalyst.
- the cylinder head 13 is provided with an intake valve 21 and an exhaust valve 22 so that the intake port 18 and the exhaust port 19 can be shut off (closed) from the combustion chamber 17, respectively.
- the intake valve 21 is driven by an intake valve drive mechanism
- the exhaust valve 22 is driven by an exhaust valve drive mechanism.
- the intake valve 21 and the exhaust valve 22 reciprocate at a predetermined timing to open and close the intake port 18 and the exhaust port 19, respectively, and perform gas exchange in the cylinder 11.
- the intake valve drive mechanism and the exhaust valve drive mechanism each have an intake camshaft and an exhaust camshaft that are drivingly connected to the crankshaft. These camshafts are synchronized with the rotation of the crankshaft. Rotate.
- At least the intake valve drive mechanism includes a hydraulic, electric, or mechanical phase variable mechanism (Variable Valve Timing: VVT) 23 capable of continuously changing the phase of the intake camshaft within a predetermined angle range. It consists of A variable lift mechanism (CVVL (Continuous Variable Valve Lift)) capable of continuously changing the valve lift amount may be provided together with the VVT 23.
- VVT hydraulic, electric, or mechanical phase variable mechanism
- CVVL Continuous Variable Valve Lift
- a spark plug 31 is disposed on the cylinder head 13.
- the spark plug 31 is attached and fixed to the cylinder head 13 by a known structure such as a screw.
- the spark plug 31 is attached and fixed in a state inclined to the exhaust side with respect to the central axis of the cylinder 11, and the tip thereof faces the ceiling of the combustion chamber 17.
- the tip of the spark plug 31 is located in the vicinity of a nozzle port 41 of an injector 33 described later.
- the arrangement of the spark plug 31 is not limited to this.
- the ignition plug 31 is a plasma ignition type plug, and the ignition system 32 includes a plasma generation circuit.
- the spark plug 31 generates plasma by discharge by the ignition system 32 and injects the plasma into the cylinder from the tip of the spark plug 31 to ignite the fuel.
- the ignition system 32 receives a control signal from the engine controller 100 and energizes the ignition plug 31 to generate plasma at a desired ignition timing.
- the spark plug 31 is not limited to a plasma ignition type plug, but may be a spark ignition type plug that is commonly used.
- an injector 33 that directly injects fuel into the cylinder (that is, in the combustion chamber 17) is disposed.
- the injector 33 is fixedly attached to the cylinder head 13 with a known structure such as using a bracket.
- the tip of the injector 33 faces the center of the ceiling of the combustion chamber 17.
- the injector 33 has an outer valve-opening type having a nozzle body 40 in which a nozzle port 41 for injecting fuel into the cylinder 11 is formed, and an outer valve 42 for opening and closing the nozzle port 41. It is an injector.
- the injector 33 injects fuel in a direction that is inclined with respect to a predetermined central axis S and spreads radially outward from the central axis S, and can adjust the effective sectional area of the nozzle port 41. It is configured.
- the nozzle port 41 is an example of a nozzle hole
- the outer opening valve 42 is an example of a valve body.
- the nozzle body 40 is a tubular member extending along the central axis S, and the fuel circulates inside the nozzle body 40.
- the opening edge of the nozzle port 41 is formed in a tapered shape whose diameter increases toward the tip side at the tip portion of the nozzle body 40.
- the proximal end of the nozzle body 40 is connected to a case 45 in which a piezo element 44 is disposed.
- the outer opening valve 42 includes a valve main body 42 a and a connecting portion 42 b that is connected from the valve main body 42 a through the nozzle main body 40 to the piezo element 44.
- the valve body 42 a is exposed to the outside from the nozzle body 40 at the tip of the nozzle body 40.
- the injector 33 is arranged such that the center axis S coincides with the center axis X of the cylinder 11 (that is, the cylinder center axis X) and the nozzle port 41 faces the ceiling of the combustion chamber 17.
- the piezoelectric element 44 opens the nozzle port 41 by pressing the outer opening valve 42 in the direction of the central axis and lifting it from the opening edge of the nozzle port 41 of the nozzle body 40 by deformation due to application of voltage.
- the fuel is injected in a direction that is inclined with respect to the central axis S from the nozzle opening 41 and spreads in a radial direction centering on the central axis S.
- the fuel is injected in a cone shape (specifically, a hollow cone shape) around the central axis S.
- the taper angle of the cone is 90 ° to 100 ° (the taper angle of the hollow portion inside the hollow cone is about 70 °).
- the piezo element 44 When the application of voltage to the piezo element 44 is stopped, the piezo element 44 returns to the original state, and the outer opening valve 42 closes the nozzle port 41 again. At this time, the compression coil spring 46 disposed around the connecting portion 42 b in the case 45 facilitates the return of the piezo element 44.
- the larger the lift amount the larger the opening degree (that is, the effective sectional area) of the nozzle port 41 and the larger the particle size of the fuel spray injected from the nozzle port 41 into the cylinder.
- the smaller the lift amount the smaller the opening of the nozzle port 41 and the smaller the particle size of the fuel spray injected from the nozzle port 41 into the cylinder.
- the response of the piezo element 44 is fast, and, for example, about 20 multistage injections are possible in one cycle.
- the means for driving the outer valve 42 is not limited to the piezo element 44.
- the fuel supply system 34 includes an electric circuit for driving the outer opening valve 42 (piezo element 44) and a fuel supply system for supplying fuel to the injector 33.
- the engine controller 100 outputs an injection signal having a voltage corresponding to the lift amount to the electric circuit at a predetermined timing, thereby operating the piezo element 44 and the outer valve 42 via the electric circuit, A desired amount of fuel is injected into the cylinder.
- the injection signal is not output (that is, when the voltage of the injection signal is 0)
- the nozzle opening 41 is closed by the outer opening valve.
- the operation of the piezo element 44 is controlled by the injection signal from the engine controller 100.
- the engine controller 100 controls the operation of the piezo element 44 to control the fuel injection from the nozzle port 41 of the injector 33 and the lift amount during the fuel injection.
- the fuel supply system is provided with a high-pressure fuel pump (not shown) and a common rail, and the high-pressure fuel pump pumps the fuel supplied from the fuel tank via the low-pressure fuel pump to the common rail.
- the pumped fuel is stored at a predetermined fuel pressure.
- the fuel stored in the common rail is injected from the nozzle port 41 by operating the injector 33 (that is, the outer opening valve 42 is lifted).
- the engine controller 100 is a controller based on a well-known microcomputer, and includes a central processing unit (CPU) that executes a program, a memory that is configured by, for example, RAM and ROM, and stores a program and data, And an input / output (I / O) bus for inputting and outputting signals.
- the engine controller 100 is an example of a control unit.
- the engine controller 100 includes at least a signal related to the intake air flow from the air flow sensor 71, a crank angle pulse signal from the crank angle sensor 72, an accelerator opening signal from the accelerator opening sensor 73 that detects the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal, And the vehicle speed signal from the vehicle speed sensor 74 is received, respectively. Based on these input signals, the engine controller 100 calculates control parameters of the engine 1, such as a desired throttle opening signal, fuel injection pulse, ignition signal, valve phase angle signal, and the like. Then, the engine controller 100 converts these signals into a throttle valve 20 (more precisely, a throttle actuator that moves the throttle valve 20), a fuel supply system 34 (more precisely, the above electric circuit), an ignition system 32, and Output to VVT23 or the like.
- a throttle valve 20 more precisely, a throttle actuator that moves the throttle valve 20
- a fuel supply system 34 more precisely, the above electric circuit
- an ignition system 32 and Output to VVT23 or the like.
- the engine 1 is provided with an EGR passage that connects the intake passage and the exhaust passage, and includes an EGR system that recirculates a part of the exhaust gas to the intake air.
- the engine controller 100 adjusts the exhaust gas recirculation amount through the EGR system according to the operating state of the engine 1.
- the geometric compression ratio ⁇ of the engine 1 is 15 or more and 40 or less.
- the combustion chamber 17 includes a wall surface of the cylinder 11, a crown surface of the piston 15, a lower surface (that is, a ceiling surface) of the cylinder head 13, and valve heads of the intake valve 21 and the exhaust valve 22. And a surface.
- the heat insulation layer 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 is provided in each of these surfaces, and the combustion chamber 17 is thermally insulated.
- the heat insulating layer may be denoted by a symbol “6”.
- the heat insulation layer 6 may be provided on all of these section screens, or may be provided on a part of these section screens.
- the heat insulating layer 61 on the cylinder wall surface is provided at a position above the piston ring 14 in a state where the piston 15 is located at the top dead center. 14 is configured not to slide.
- the heat insulating layer 61 on the cylinder wall surface is not limited to this configuration, and the heat insulating layer 61 may be provided over the entire stroke or a part of the stroke of the piston 15 by extending the heat insulating layer 61 downward.
- a heat insulating layer may be provided on the port wall surface near the opening on the ceiling surface side of the combustion chamber 17 in the intake port 18 and the exhaust port 19, although it is not the wall surface that directly partitions the combustion chamber 17. Note that the thickness of each of the heat insulating layers 61 to 65 shown in FIG. 1 does not indicate the actual thickness, but is merely an example, and does not indicate the magnitude relationship of the thickness of the heat insulating layer on each surface.
- the heat insulation structure of the combustion chamber 17 will be described in more detail.
- the heat insulating structure of the combustion chamber 17 is constituted by the heat insulating layers 61 to 65 provided on the respective screens that define the combustion chamber 17, and these heat insulating layers 61 to 65 are the combustion gas in the combustion chamber 17. Therefore, the heat conductivity is set to be lower than that of the metal base material constituting the combustion chamber 17.
- the heat insulating layer 61 provided on the wall surface of the cylinder 11 the cylinder block 12 is the base material
- the heat insulating layer 62 provided on the crown surface of the piston 15 the base material.
- the cylinder head 13 is a base material, and for the heat insulating layers 64 and 65 provided on the valve head surfaces of the intake valve 21 and the exhaust valve 22, respectively, the intake valve 21 and the exhaust valve 22 are provided.
- the base materials are aluminum alloy or cast iron for the cylinder block 12, cylinder head 13 and piston 15, and heat-resistant steel or cast iron for the intake valve 21 and exhaust valve 22.
- the heat insulating layer 6 preferably has a volume specific heat smaller than that of the base material in order to reduce cooling loss. That is, the gas temperature in the combustion chamber 17 varies with the progress of the combustion cycle, but in a conventional engine that does not have the heat insulation structure of the combustion chamber 17, the cooling water flows in a water jacket formed in the cylinder head or cylinder block. Thus, the temperature of the surface defining the combustion chamber 17 is maintained substantially constant regardless of the progress of the combustion cycle.
- cooling loss heat transfer coefficient ⁇ heat transfer area ⁇ (gas temperature ⁇ zone screen temperature), so the greater the difference between the gas temperature and the wall surface temperature, the lower the cooling loss.
- the loss will increase.
- the temperature of the section screen of the combustion chamber 17 is maintained substantially constant by cooling water, It is unavoidable that the temperature difference increases with fluctuation. Therefore, it is preferable to reduce the heat capacity of the heat insulating layer 6 so that the temperature of the section screen of the combustion chamber 17 changes following the fluctuation of the gas temperature in the combustion chamber 17.
- the heat insulating layer 6 may be formed, for example, by coating a ceramic material such as ZrO 2 on the base material by plasma spraying.
- the ceramic material may contain a number of pores. If it does in this way, the thermal conductivity and volume specific heat of the heat insulation layer 6 can be made lower.
- a port liner 181 made of aluminum titanate having an extremely low thermal conductivity, excellent heat insulation, and excellent heat resistance is integrated with the cylinder head 13.
- a heat insulating layer is provided in the intake port 18 by casting.
- the geometric compression ratio ⁇ is set to 15 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 40 as described above.
- the illustrated thermal efficiency of the engine (more precisely, the engine having no combustion chamber insulation structure) peaks at a predetermined geometric compression ratio ⁇ (for example, about 15), and the geometric compression ratio ⁇ is more than that.
- the illustrated thermal efficiency does not increase, and conversely, the illustrated thermal efficiency decreases. This is because, when the geometric compression ratio is increased while the fuel amount and the intake air amount are kept constant, the higher the compression ratio, the higher the combustion pressure and the combustion temperature. As described above, the combustion pressure and the combustion temperature are increased because the cooling loss is increased.
- the heat insulating structure of the combustion chamber 17 is combined so that the illustrated thermal efficiency is increased at a high geometric compression ratio ⁇ . That is, the heat loss of the combustion chamber 17 is reduced to reduce the cooling loss, thereby increasing the indicated thermal efficiency.
- the engine 1 greatly improves the illustrated thermal efficiency by adopting a configuration that reduces both the cooling loss and the exhaust loss.
- a heat insulating layer is formed in the cylinder (in the combustion chamber 17) by a heat insulating gas layer (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a gas layer).
- a heat insulating gas layer hereinafter sometimes referred to as a gas layer.
- FIG. 3 illustrates an operation map when the engine 1 is warm.
- the engine 1 is basically configured to burn the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber 17 by compression self-ignition over the entire operation region.
- a heat insulating layer made of a gas layer is formed in the combustion chamber 17 in a low load region lower than a predetermined load and a medium load region where the load is higher than the low load region.
- a heat insulation layer is formed in the combustion chamber 17 by a gas layer, thereby reducing cooling loss and improving thermal efficiency. Plan.
- the low load region and the medium load region respectively correspond to the low region and the medium region when the engine load region is divided into three regions of low, medium, and high (for example, divided into three equal parts). May be defined.
- the middle load region may be a region of a predetermined load or less (for example, 70% load or less) with respect to the fully open load, for example.
- FIG. 4 conceptually shows the shape of the air-fuel mixture layer formed in the combustion chamber 17 in the low load and medium load regions.
- the formation of a heat insulating layer by a gas layer in the combustion chamber 17 means that an air-fuel mixture layer G1 is formed at the center of the combustion chamber 17 and a gas layer G2 containing fresh air is formed around it as shown in FIG. Is to form.
- the gas layer G2 may be only fresh air, and may contain burned gas (that is, EGR gas) in addition to fresh air. As will be described later, it is allowed that a small amount of fuel is mixed in the gas layer G2 as long as the gas layer G2 serves as a heat insulating layer.
- the air-fuel mixture layer G1 and gas layer G2 in the fuel chamber can be visualized by a schlieren method or a method of optically reading fuel spray by mixing silicon oil into the fuel. Then, the equivalence ratio ⁇ can be obtained based on the visualized fuel spray, and the gas mixture layer G1 and the gas layer G2 can be discriminated. For example, the air-fuel mixture layer G1 and the gas layer G2 can be discriminated based on the luminance corresponding to the predetermined equivalent ratio ⁇ .
- the heat transfer area with the surrounding gas layer G2 is reduced during combustion, and the gas mixture layer G1.
- the gas layer G2 between the cylinder 11 and the wall surface of the cylinder 11 prevents the flame of the gas mixture layer G1 from contacting the wall surface of the cylinder 11 and the inner wall 15b of the cavity 15a, and the gas layer G2 itself becomes a heat insulating layer.
- the release of heat from the wall surface of the cylinder 11 and the inner wall 15b of the cavity 15a can be suppressed. As a result, the cooling loss can be greatly reduced.
- the engine controller 100 is configured so that the gas mixture layer G1 is formed in the center of the combustion chamber 17 and the gas layer G2 is formed around the gas mixture layer G1 in the period from the latter half of the compression stroke to the initial stage of the expansion stroke.
- An injection signal is output to the electric circuit of the fuel supply system 34 in order to inject fuel into the cylinder 11 from the nozzle port 41 of the injector 33.
- the second half of the compression stroke is the second half when the compression stroke is divided into two regions, for example, the first half and the second half (for example, divided into two equal parts).
- the initial stage of the expansion stroke is an initial stage when the expansion stroke is divided into three regions (for example, three equal parts) of the initial stage, the middle period, and the final stage.
- the gas layer G2 around the gas mixture layer G1 is not reliably formed.
- the engine 1 has a high geometric compression ratio, and accordingly, the volume of the combustion chamber (that is, the space in the cylinder when the piston is located at the compression top dead center) is small. Therefore, in the engine 1, when the fuel spray spreads in the direction of the central axis X of the cylinder 11, the air-fuel mixture layer G1 easily touches the crown surface of the piston 15 including the inner wall 15b of the cavity 15a.
- the engine 1 is provided in the combustion chamber 17 in order to reliably form the air-fuel mixture layer G1 in the center of the combustion chamber 17 and the surrounding gas layer G2 even in the middle load region where the fuel injection amount increases.
- the shape of the air-fuel mixture layer G1 to be formed is controlled. Specifically, as shown by the white arrow in FIG. 4, when the fuel injection amount increases, the fuel spray spreads outward in the radial direction intersecting the central axis X of the cylinder 11. As a result, it is possible to prevent the mixture layer G1 from touching the crown surface of the piston 15 including the inner wall 15b of the cavity 15a while suppressing the length of the mixture layer G1 in the direction of the central axis X from being increased.
- the air-fuel mixture layer G1 By expanding the air-fuel mixture layer G1 outward in the radial direction, which has a more space than the direction of the central axis X, the air-fuel mixture layer G1 is also prevented from touching the inner wall of the cylinder 11.
- the shape of the air-fuel mixture layer G1 formed in the combustion chamber 17 is controlled when the length in the central axis direction of the air-fuel mixture layer G1 formed in the combustion chamber 17 is L and the width in the radial direction is W.
- the ratio (L / W) between the length L and the width W is adjusted.
- the fuel injection amount is increased while keeping the L / W ratio at a predetermined value or more. When it increases, the L / W ratio is reduced.
- the engine 1 adjusts the fuel injection interval (see FIG. 6) and the lift amount (see FIG. 7) by the injector 33, respectively.
- the interval between fuel injections is defined as the interval from the end of fuel injection to the start of the next fuel injection, as conceptually shown in FIG.
- the injector 33 has a high response and can perform about 20 multistage injections within 1 to 2 msec.
- the lift amount of the injector 33 is proportional to the fuel injection opening area. As described above, the larger the lift amount, the more the injection opening area (that is, the effective disconnection of the nozzle port 41). Area) increases, and the smaller the lift amount, the smaller the injection opening area.
- FIG. 8 shows a fuel spray when the fuel injection interval is lengthened (FIG. (A)) and when the injection interval is shortened (FIG. (B)) while the lift amount of the injector 33 is made constant.
- FIG. 8 shows the difference in the spread of The fuel spray injected in a hollow cone shape from the injector 33 flows in the combustion chamber 17 at a high speed. Therefore, a negative pressure region is generated along the central axis S of the injector 33 inside the hollow cone due to the Coanda effect.
- the pressure in the negative pressure region recovers between the fuel injection and the next fuel injection, so the negative pressure region becomes smaller.
- the fuel injection interval is short, fuel injection is repeated without leaving a gap, so that pressure recovery in the negative pressure region is suppressed. As a result, the negative pressure region becomes large as shown in FIG.
- the fuel spray is attracted to this negative pressure. Since the negative pressure region is formed on the center side in the radial direction around the central axis S, when the negative pressure region is relatively large, as shown in FIG. 8B, the fuel spray expands in the radial direction. Is suppressed. On the other hand, when the negative pressure region is relatively small, as shown in FIG. 8 (A), the fuel spray is not attracted so much, and thus tends to spread in the radial direction. That is, if the fuel injection interval of the injector 33 is shortened, the radial spread of the fuel spray can be suppressed. On the other hand, if the injection interval is increased, the radial spread of the fuel spray is promoted. Is possible.
- FIG. 9 shows a fuel spray when the lift amount of the injector 33 is reduced (FIG. (A)) and the lift amount is increased (FIG. (B)) while the fuel injection interval is made constant.
- the difference in the spread of In this case, since the injection interval is the same, the negative pressure region in the combustion chamber 17 is the same, but the particle size of the fuel spray is different due to the difference in the lift amount. That is, when the lift amount of the injector 33 is reduced, the particle size of the fuel spray is also reduced, so that the momentum of the fuel spray is reduced. For this reason, the fuel spray is easily attracted to the center side in the radial direction by the negative pressure, and the outward spreading in the radial direction is suppressed as shown in FIG.
- the lift amount of the injector 33 when the lift amount of the injector 33 is increased, the particle size of the fuel spray increases, so the momentum of the fuel spray increases. For this reason, the fuel spray is less likely to be attracted to the negative pressure and easily spreads outward in the radial direction as shown in FIG. 9B. That is, if the lift amount of the injector 33 is increased, the spread of the fuel spray in the radial direction can be promoted. On the other hand, if the lift amount is decreased, the spread of the fuel spray in the radial direction can be suppressed. become.
- the scattering distance in the traveling direction becomes long. Furthermore, the fuel spray having a large particle size is not easily decelerated due to the influence of the negative pressure region, and this also increases the scattering distance. On the other hand, since the fuel spray with a small particle size has a small momentum, the scattering distance in the traveling direction becomes short. Further, the fuel spray having a small particle size is easily decelerated under the influence of the negative pressure region, and this also shortens the scattering distance.
- the spread of the fuel spray can be controlled independently in two directions, ie, the radial direction and the traveling direction. Therefore, in this engine 1, the lift amount is relatively small and the injection interval is relatively small, and the first injection group including a plurality of fuel injections having a relatively large lift amount and a relatively large injection interval.
- the shape of the air-fuel mixture layer G1 is controlled in combination with the second injection group including a plurality of fuel injections.
- multi-stage injection that performs fuel injection a plurality of times is executed.
- the multistage injection means intermittent fuel injection in which the fuel injection interval (interval from the end of fuel injection to the start of the next fuel injection) is 0.5 ms or less.
- the first injection group includes a predetermined number of fuel injections in which the lift amount of the injector 33 is larger than that of the second injection group and the fuel injection interval is larger than that of the second injection group.
- the negative pressure region becomes smaller.
- the momentum of the fuel spray is increased by increasing the lift amount to increase the particle size of the fuel spray.
- a fuel spray is formed in which the scattering distance in the traveling direction is relatively long and spread in the radial direction.
- the second injection group includes a predetermined number of fuel injections in which the lift amount of the injector 33 is smaller than that of the first injection group and the fuel injection interval is smaller than that of the first injection group.
- the negative pressure region is expanded.
- the momentum of the fuel spray is reduced by reducing the lift amount and the particle size of the fuel spray. As a result, a fuel spray is formed in which the scattering distance in the traveling direction is relatively short and the spread in the radial direction is suppressed.
- the engine controller 100 changes the ratio of the first injection group and the second injection group according to the operating state of the engine 1 to control the air-fuel mixture layer G1 to a shape according to the operating state of the engine 1. Yes.
- As a basic principle by increasing the proportion of the first injection group, an air-fuel mixture layer G1 spreading outward in the radial direction is formed, while by increasing the proportion of the second injection group, the radial direction An air-fuel mixture layer G1 that is prevented from spreading outward is formed.
- the first injection group is omitted and only the second injection group is executed, or only one fuel injection is included in the first injection group, and the second injection is performed thereafter.
- the second injection group is omitted and only the first injection group is executed, or when the fuel injection included in the second injection group is only once and the first injection group is used.
- the second injection group may be executed after the first injection group, or the first injection group may be executed after the second injection group.
- the engine controller 100 controls the injection mode more finely according to the operating state of the engine 1 on the premise of the above-described multi-stage injection.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a change in the in-cylinder pressure with respect to the crank angle.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a change in the lift amount with respect to the in-cylinder pressure.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a change in the injection interval with respect to the in-cylinder pressure.
- the engine controller 100 determines the lift amount and the injection interval of the injector 33 in the multistage injection when the operating state of the engine 1 is included in the low load and medium load regions shown in FIG. Adjust according to (in-cylinder pressure).
- In-cylinder pressure varies depending on the operating conditions.
- the in-cylinder pressure changes according to the engine load.
- the engine controller 100 adjusts the intake charge amount to an amount corresponding to the fuel amount by delaying the closing timing of the intake valve 21 from the bottom dead center according to the engine load. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 10, when the engine load increases, the intake charge amount increases, and as a result, the in-cylinder pressure during the compression stroke rises as a whole.
- the intake charge amount decreases, and the in-cylinder pressure during the compression stroke decreases overall.
- the engine controller 100 obtains the in-cylinder pressure based on the opening degree of the throttle valve 20, the closing timing of the intake valve 21, the crank angle, and the like, and changes the injection mode of the injector 33 according to the obtained in-cylinder pressure as follows. Adjust as follows.
- the engine controller 100 adjusts the injection mode of the injector 33 so that the spread of the fuel spray increases as the in-cylinder pressure increases. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 11, the engine controller 100 increases the lift amount as the in-cylinder pressure increases. In addition, as shown in FIG. 12, the engine controller 100 increases the injection interval as the cylinder pressure increases. That is, the lift amount and the injection interval are parameters that the injector 33 has for adjusting the spread of the fuel spray.
- the cylinder pressure here is a typical cylinder pressure for each combustion cycle.
- the engine controller 100 adjusts the lift amount and the injection interval as described above according to the in-cylinder pressure at the injection start timing in each combustion cycle.
- the lift amount and the injection interval are adjusted according to the in-cylinder pressure at any point in time can be arbitrarily set.
- the in-cylinder pressure at the injection end time instead of the injection start time may be employed, or the in-cylinder pressure at the compression top dead center may be employed.
- the in-cylinder pressure at any time point may be adopted as long as it is possible to determine the ease of spreading of the fuel spray in the combustion chamber 17.
- the lift amount is increased linearly with the cylinder pressure.
- the increase amount of the injection interval is decreased as the in-cylinder pressure increases. Further, when the in-cylinder pressure is high, the amount of fuel is large, and the fuel injection period is long. In addition, if the injection interval is increased, the injection period is further increased. Therefore, the increase in the injection interval is decreased as the in-cylinder pressure is increased, thereby preventing an increase in the injection period when the fuel amount is large. As a result, it is possible to inject a necessary amount of fuel within a limited period of the latter half of the compression stroke by a predetermined time for causing self-ignition combustion at an appropriate time.
- FIGS. FIG. 13 shows an injection mode when the in-cylinder pressure is relatively low
- FIG. 14 shows an injection mode when the in-cylinder pressure is relatively high.
- the engine controller 100 executes the first injection group 8 and the second injection group 9.
- the engine controller 100 increases the lift amount and the injection interval in the first injection group 8 and the lift amount and the injection interval in the second injection group 9 as compared with the low load region as the in-cylinder pressure increases.
- the lift amount the fuel spray is easily scattered and the fuel spray is easily spread.
- the negative pressure region is reduced, and this also facilitates the fuel spray to spread.
- the cylinder pressure is high, so the actual fuel spray does not spread as much as the adjustment amount of the lift amount and the injection interval. That is, the in-cylinder environment in which the fuel spray is difficult to spread is offset by the injection mode in which the fuel spray is likely to spread. Thereby, it becomes easy to form a desired air-fuel mixture.
- the air-fuel mixture layer G1 in the center of the combustion chamber 17 is formed, and the surrounding gas layer G2 is formed.
- the air-fuel mixture layer G1 tends to be small.
- the air-fuel mixture layer G1 becomes small, a portion where the fuel is locally rich is likely to occur, and the possibility of premature ignition increases.
- the fuel spray that is, the spread of the air-fuel mixture layer G1 can be made larger than when the in-cylinder pressure is low, or can be made the same level as when the in-cylinder pressure is low. Thereby, premature ignition can be suppressed.
- the fuel injection timing when the engine load changes, the fuel injection timing also changes. For example, in a relatively low load operation region where combustion noise does not matter (that is, a region where the pressure increase rate dP / d ⁇ during combustion is relatively small), the fuel injection start timing is advanced as the fuel amount increases. Is done. This is because it is necessary to ensure that an appropriate ignition delay time is ensured and that necessary fuel is completely injected by a predetermined time for causing self-ignition combustion at an appropriate time.
- the occurrence timing of self-ignition combustion is retarded to increase the pressure increase rate dP /
- the start timing of fuel injection is retarded.
- the in-cylinder pressure during the compression stroke changes according to the crank angle. Therefore, when the fuel injection timing changes, the in-cylinder pressure also changes during fuel injection and when fuel spray is scattered. To do. For example, even if the fuel injection is performed in the latter half of the compression stroke, the in-cylinder pressure is greatly different between injecting fuel at the beginning of the latter half of the compression stroke and injecting fuel at the end of the compression stroke.
- the engine controller 100 not only adjusts the lift amount and the injection interval according to the representative in-cylinder pressure for each combustion cycle, but also sets the lift amount and the injection interval according to the change in the fuel injection timing. Adjust further. That is, when the fuel injection timing is advanced and fuel is injected from a time when the in-cylinder pressure is relatively low, the lift amount and the injection interval are adjusted to be small. On the other hand, when the fuel injection timing is retarded and fuel is injected when the in-cylinder pressure is relatively high, the lift amount and the injection interval are adjusted to be larger.
- the engine 1 has the piston 15 provided in the cylinder 11, the engine body in which the combustion chamber 17 is partitioned by the cylinder 11 and the piston 15, and the fuel including at least gasoline at the combustion chamber. 17, an injector 33 that injects through the nozzle port 41, and an engine controller 100 that controls the injection mode of the injector 33 by causing the injector 33 to perform fuel injection at least in the latter half of the compression stroke.
- Has a parameter for adjusting the spread of the fuel spray and the engine controller 100 adjusts the parameter so that the spread of the fuel spray increases as the pressure in the combustion chamber 17 increases.
- the engine 1 includes a piston 15 provided in a cylinder 11, and an engine main body in which a combustion chamber 17 is defined by the cylinder 11 and the piston 15, and a fuel containing at least gasoline at the combustion chamber. 17, an injector 33 that injects through the nozzle port 41, and an engine controller 100 that controls the injection mode of the injector 33 by causing the injector 33 to perform fuel injection at least in the latter half of the compression stroke.
- an injector 33 that injects through the nozzle port 41
- an engine controller 100 that controls the injection mode of the injector 33 by causing the injector 33 to perform fuel injection at least in the latter half of the compression stroke.
- the engine controller 100 performs the effective cross-sectional area of the nozzle port 41 and multistage injection according to the pressure of the combustion chamber 17. In this case, at least one of the injection intervals is adjusted.
- the engine controller 100 increases the effective sectional area of the nozzle port 41 and / or increases the injection interval when performing multistage injection as the pressure in the combustion chamber 17 increases.
- the injection mode of the injector 33 is adjusted so that the fuel spray is more likely to spread as the pressure in the combustion chamber 17 becomes higher and the fuel spray is more difficult to spread. Thereby, reduction of fuel spray due to an increase in in-cylinder pressure can be suppressed, and a desired air-fuel mixture can be formed.
- the following embodiment may be configured as follows.
- adjusting the lift amount and the injection interval according to the in-cylinder pressure is not limited to the low load and medium load regions. In other operation regions, the lift amount and the injection interval may be adjusted according to the in-cylinder pressure.
- the easiness of spreading the fuel spray is adjusted by adjusting both the lift amount and the injection interval, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the ease of spreading the fuel spray may be adjusted by adjusting only one of the lift amount and the injection interval.
- ⁇ Parameters for adjusting the spread of fuel spray are not limited to lift amount and injection interval.
- the ease of spreading the fuel spray may be adjusted by adjusting the fuel pressure.
- the fuel pressure By increasing the fuel pressure, the kinetic energy of the fuel spray is increased, so that the fuel spray is easily spread.
- the range of change of the shape of the air-fuel mixture layer can be further expanded by combining the lift amount, the injection interval, and the fuel pressure. That is, when the lift amount of the injector 33 is increased by increasing the fuel pressure, the kinetic energy of the fuel spray becomes larger, and when the fuel injection interval is reduced, the degree of negative pressure increases and the negative pressure region becomes larger. Expand more. As a result, the change width of the shape of the air-fuel mixture layer is further expanded.
- the shape of the air-fuel mixture layer G1 formed when the lift amount and the injection interval are increased in accordance with the increase in the in-cylinder pressure is not necessarily limited as long as the lift amount and the injection interval are not adjusted.
- the cylinder pressure need not be larger than when the in-cylinder pressure is low.
- the adjustment of the lift amount and the injection interval based on the in-cylinder pressure is performed uniformly for the entire fuel injection in each combustion cycle.
- the lift amount and the injection interval may be partially adjusted for a series of fuel injections in each combustion cycle. For example, among the series of fuel injections in each combustion cycle, the lift amount and the injection interval at the portion where the in-cylinder pressure is low may be reduced, and the lift amount and the injection interval at the portion where the in-cylinder pressure is high may be increased.
- the fuel is injected in the latter half of the compression stroke in the low load and medium load regions, but is not limited to this.
- the fuel injection may be started before the second half of the compression stroke, or the fuel injection may be continued beyond the compression top dead center.
- the fuel is injected by the multistage injection of the first injection group 8 and the second injection group 9, but is not limited to this injection mode.
- first injection group 8 or the second injection group 9 may be used, or batch injection may be performed as shown in FIGS.
- FIG. 16 and 17 show the lift amount of the injector 33 when the in-cylinder pressure is different due to the difference in the closing timing of the intake valve 21.
- FIG. 16 showing a relatively high in-cylinder pressure the lift amount is large
- FIG. 17 showing a relatively low in-cylinder pressure the lift amount is small, but an air-fuel mixture layer formed in the combustion chamber 17 The size of does not change.
- the fuel injection amount is also substantially the same. This is because when the in-cylinder pressure is high, the fuel spray is difficult to fly and receives a large resistance, so that the amount of fuel ejected from the injector 33 is also reduced.
- the configuration of the injector is not limited to the above embodiment. As long as the effective cross-sectional area of the nozzle can be changed, any injector can be employed.
- a VCO (Valve Covered Orifice) nozzle type injector 233 as shown in FIG. 15 may be used.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view showing the internal configuration of the injector 233.
- the injector 233 includes a nozzle body 240 in which a nozzle port 241 that injects fuel into the cylinder 11 is formed, and a needle valve 242 that opens and closes the nozzle port 241.
- the nozzle body 240 is a tubular member extending along a predetermined central axis S, and the fuel circulates therein.
- the tip of the nozzle body 240 is formed in a conical shape.
- a mortar-shaped sheet portion 243 is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the tip portion of the nozzle body 240.
- a plurality of nozzle openings 241 are formed through the tip of the nozzle body 240. One end of the nozzle port 241 opens into the sheet portion 243.
- a plurality of nozzle ports 241 are arranged around the central axis S at equal intervals.
- the tip end portion of the needle valve 242 is formed in a conical shape and is seated on the seat portion 243 of the nozzle body 240.
- the nozzle port 241 is closed when the needle valve 242 is seated on the seat portion 243.
- the nozzle port 241 is an example of an injection port, and the needle valve 242 is an example of a valve body.
- the needle valve 242 is driven by a piezo element in the same manner as the injector 33.
- a gap through which fuel can flow is formed between the seat portion 243 and the needle valve 242, and the fuel flowing through this gap passes through the nozzle port 241. Injected outside the nozzle body 240.
- the degree of cavitation (for example, the size of a region where cavitation occurs) varies according to the gap between the needle valve 242 and the seat portion 243, that is, the lift amount of the needle valve 242. Specifically, when the lift amount of the needle valve 242 is small and the gap between the needle valve 242 and the seat portion 243 is small, the region where cavitation occurs also becomes large. On the other hand, when the lift amount of the needle valve 242 is large and the gap between the needle valve 242 and the seat portion 243 is large, the region where cavitation occurs is also small.
- the effective sectional area of the nozzle port 241 is small.
- the effective cross-sectional area of the nozzle port 241 increases. That is, the smaller the lift amount of the needle valve 242, the smaller the effective sectional area of the nozzle port 241. The larger the lift amount of the needle valve 242, the larger the effective sectional area of the nozzle port 241.
- the heat insulation structure of the combustion chamber 17 and the intake port 18 is adopted.
- the technique disclosed herein is also applied to an engine that does not employ the heat insulation structure of the combustion chamber 17 and the intake port 18. be able to.
- the engine 1 performs combustion by compression self-ignition over the entire operation region, but is not limited thereto.
- a configuration in which combustion is performed by ignition with an ignition plug may be used, or a configuration in which compression self-ignition and ignition are selectively used according to an operation region may be used.
- the technology disclosed herein is useful for a control device for a direct injection gasoline engine.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
この構成によれば、上記インジェクタから噴射された燃料噴霧は、ボリュームを有する凹状のキャビティ空間で混合気層が形成されるため、キャビティの内壁面と混合気層との間に、確実に上記ガス層が形成され、冷却損出を大幅に低減させることができる。
以上のように、本出願において開示する技術の例示として、上記実施形態を説明した。しかしながら、本開示における技術は、これに限定されず、適宜、変更、置き換え、付加、省略などを行った実施の形態にも適用可能である。また、上記実施形態で説明した各構成要素を組み合わせて、新たな実施の形態とすることも可能である。また、添付図面および詳細な説明に記載された構成要素の中には、課題解決のために必須な構成要素だけでなく、上記技術を例示するために、課題解決のためには必須でない構成要素も含まれ得る。そのため、それらの必須ではない構成要素が添付図面や詳細な説明に記載されていることをもって、直ちに、それらの必須ではない構成要素が必須であるとの認定をするべきではない。
11 シリンダ(気筒)
15 ピストン
15a キャビティ
15b 内壁
17 燃焼室
33 インジェクタ
40 ノズル本体
41 ノズル口(噴口)
42 外開弁(弁体)
100 エンジン制御器(制御部)
233 インジェクタ
241 ノズル口(噴口)
242 ニードル弁(弁体)
S 中心軸
X 中心軸
Claims (10)
- 気筒内に設けられたピストンを有し、該気筒及び該ピストンによって燃焼室が区画されるエンジン本体と、
少なくともガソリンを含む燃料を上記燃焼室内に噴口を介して噴射するインジェクタと、
少なくとも圧縮行程後半に上記インジェクタに燃料噴射を行わせ、該インジェクタの噴射態様を制御する制御部とを備え、
上記インジェクタは、燃料噴霧の広がりを調整するためのパラメータを有し、
上記制御部は、上記燃焼室の圧力状態を予測すると共に、予測した上記燃焼室の圧力が高いときは、低いときよりも、同一の燃焼噴射量であっても、上記パラメータを燃料噴霧の広がりが大きくなるように調整する直噴ガソリンエンジンの制御装置。 - 請求項1に記載の直噴ガソリンエンジンの制御装置において、
上記制御部は、同一の燃料噴射量であっても、予測した上記燃焼室の圧力が高くなるほど、上記パラメータを燃料噴霧の広がりが大きくなる方へ調整する直噴ガソリンエンジンの制御装置。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の直噴ガソリンエンジンの制御装置において、
上記パラメータは、上記噴口の有効断面積であって、
上記制御部は、予測した上記燃焼室の圧力が高いときは、低いときよりも、同一の燃焼噴射量であっても、上記噴口の有効断面積を大きくする直噴ガソリンエンジンの制御装置。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の直噴ガソリンエンジンの制御装置において、
上記パラメータは、多段噴射を行う場合の噴射間隔であって、
上記制御部は、少なくとも圧縮行程後半において多段噴射を行わせ、且つ、予測した上記燃焼室の圧力が高いときは、低いときよりも、同一の燃焼噴射量であっても、上記噴射間隔を大きくする直噴ガソリンエンジンの制御装置。 - 請求項1又は2に記載の直噴ガソリンエンジンの制御装置において、
上記パラメータは、上記噴口の有効断面積及び多段噴射を行う場合の噴射間隔であって、
上記制御部は、少なくとも圧縮行程後半において多段噴射を行わせ、且つ、予測した上記燃焼室の圧力が高いときは、低いときよりも、同一の燃焼噴射量であっても、上記噴項の有効断面積と上記噴射間隔とを共に大きくする直噴ガソリンエンジンの制御装置。 - 請求項3に記載の直噴ガソリンエンジンの制御装置において、
上記インジェクタは、上記噴口が形成されたノズル本体と、該噴口を開閉する弁体とを有し、該弁体のリフト量に応じて該噴口の有効断面積が変化し、該弁体のリフト量が大きいほど該噴項の有効断面積が大きくなるように構成されている直噴ガソリンエンジンの制御装置。 - 気筒内に設けられたピストンを有し、該気筒及び該ピストンによって燃焼室が区画されるエンジン本体と、
少なくともガソリンを含む燃料を上記燃焼室内に噴口を介して噴射するインジェクタと、
少なくとも圧縮行程後半に上記インジェクタに燃料噴射を行わせ、該インジェクタの噴射態様を制御する制御部とを備え、
上記インジェクタは、燃料噴霧の広がりを調整するためのパラメータを有し、
上記制御部は、上記圧縮行程後半での上記インジェクタによる燃料噴射時期に対応して、燃料噴射時期が早いほど、上記パラメータを燃料噴霧の広がりが小さくなるように調整する直噴ガソリンエンジンの制御装置。 - 請求項7に記載の直噴ガソリンエンジンの制御装置において、
上記パラメータは、上記噴口の有効断面積であって、
上記制御部は、上記圧縮行程後半での上記インジェクタによる燃料噴射時期が早いときには、遅いときに対して、上記噴口の有効断面積を小さくする直噴ガソリンエンジンの制御装置。 - 請求項1~8の何れか1つに記載の直噴ガソリンエンジンの制御装置において、
上記制御部は、上記混合気層の混合気が着火する時点において、上記燃焼室を区画する壁面と上記混合気層との間に新気及び/又は既燃ガスのガス層が形成されるように、圧縮行程後半において上記インジェクタに燃料噴射を行わせる直噴ガソリンエンジンの制御装置。 - 請求項9に記載の直噴ガソリンエンジンの制御装置において、
上記燃焼室の壁面は、上記ピストンの冠面に形成された凹状のキャビティの内周面である直噴ガソリンエンジンの制御装置。
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DE112015001015.7T DE112015001015B4 (de) | 2014-02-28 | 2015-03-02 | Vorrichtung zum Steuern eines Benzin-Direkteinspritzmotors |
US15/119,594 US9816445B2 (en) | 2014-02-28 | 2015-03-02 | Device for controlling direct-injection gasoline engine |
CN201580009648.8A CN106030079B (zh) | 2014-02-28 | 2015-03-02 | 直喷式汽油发动机的控制装置 |
JP2016505080A JP6172375B2 (ja) | 2014-02-28 | 2015-03-02 | 直噴ガソリンエンジンの制御装置 |
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JP6203159B2 (ja) * | 2014-10-27 | 2017-09-27 | 株式会社Soken | 燃料噴射装置 |
JP6172190B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-23 | 2017-08-02 | マツダ株式会社 | 直噴エンジンの燃料噴射制御装置 |
JP6172189B2 (ja) * | 2015-03-23 | 2017-08-02 | マツダ株式会社 | 直噴エンジンの燃料噴射制御装置 |
DE102017111262A1 (de) * | 2017-05-23 | 2018-11-29 | Man Truck & Bus Ag | Wärmeisoliertes Lufteinlasssystem für einen Verbrennungsmotor |
US10907567B2 (en) * | 2018-01-03 | 2021-02-02 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | System and method for operating a fuel injector |
JP2021173214A (ja) * | 2020-04-24 | 2021-11-01 | マツダ株式会社 | エンジンの燃焼室構造 |
JP2021173213A (ja) * | 2020-04-24 | 2021-11-01 | マツダ株式会社 | エンジンの燃焼室構造 |
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US9816445B2 (en) | 2017-11-14 |
US20170058793A1 (en) | 2017-03-02 |
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