WO2015128379A1 - Kodierung und dekodierung eines niederfrequenten kanals in einem audiomultikanalsignal - Google Patents
Kodierung und dekodierung eines niederfrequenten kanals in einem audiomultikanalsignal Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015128379A1 WO2015128379A1 PCT/EP2015/053937 EP2015053937W WO2015128379A1 WO 2015128379 A1 WO2015128379 A1 WO 2015128379A1 EP 2015053937 W EP2015053937 W EP 2015053937W WO 2015128379 A1 WO2015128379 A1 WO 2015128379A1
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- channel
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- audio
- pass filter
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S3/00—Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic
- H04S3/02—Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic of the matrix type, i.e. in which input signals are combined algebraically, e.g. after having been phase shifted with respect to each other
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S2400/00—Details of stereophonic systems covered by H04S but not provided for in its groups
- H04S2400/03—Aspects of down-mixing multi-channel audio to configurations with lower numbers of playback channels, e.g. 7.1 -> 5.1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S2400/00—Details of stereophonic systems covered by H04S but not provided for in its groups
- H04S2400/07—Generation or adaptation of the Low Frequency Effect [LFE] channel, e.g. distribution or signal processing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS
- H04S3/00—Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic
- H04S3/008—Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic in which the audio signals are in digital form, i.e. employing more than two discrete digital channels
Definitions
- Audio multichannel signals and in particular three-dimensional audio signals, place high demands on the amount of data to be transmitted or stored, which must be reduced as efficiently as possible.
- General known devices or methods for such a data reduction are here parametric methods that extract spatial information, for example, from the known from the prior art Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and then as a permanent data stream, such as together with a mono or stereo signal as Downmixsignal, transfer.
- FFT Fast Fourier Transform
- Such an audio technology is known in particular with MPEG Surround and mathematically represents an adaptive filtering method.
- WO2009138205, WO2011009649, WO2011009650, WO2012032178 and WO2014 / 072513 disclose inverse coding (a solution to inverse problems with spatial audio signals) which calculates the division of the signal components between a left and a right channel from a mono signal on the basis of geometrical parameters .
- geometric parameters are, for example, the angle between a sound source and a main axis of a microphone and / or a fictitious opening angle of the microphone and / or a fictitious left opening angle of the microphone and / or a fictitious right opening angle and / or a directional characteristic of the microphone in question.
- These parameters can either be transmitted with the downmix signal or can be fixed depending on the parameters used in the downmix, or they can also be set as default values.
- the parameters can either be fixed or optimized for the corresponding signal. Thus can be achieve lower bit rates of multichannel signals at higher quality.
- WO2014 / 072513 proposes the combination of inverse coding with a correlation comparison, which results in surprisingly good results at very low bit rates, especially for signals of high order, such as NHK 22.2 or Auro 11.1.
- signals of high order such as NHK 22.2 or Auro 11.1.
- none of these methods takes into account an effective solution for compression of the low frequency channel in the downmix signal, such as LFE1 and LFE2 at NHK 22.2 or LFE at Auro 11.1.
- a low-frequency signal plays a special role in these systems, since no similar speakers exist, by means of which a compensation of the entire system can be made.
- the object of the invention to find an integration of the low-frequency signals in the downmix of multi-channel signals, which allows a good reproduction of the low-frequency channels in the upmix and causes no interference of the other channels of the upmix signal.
- This is achieved by the independent claims, in particular by filtering the frequency components of the low-frequency channel above a cut-off frequency, before mixing to other signals of the multi-channel signal or the downmix signal, solved.
- the low-frequency channel from the downmix signal is formed by applying a low-pass filter with the corresponding cutoff frequency to a channel or to a linear combination of a plurality of channels of the downmix signal or the upmix signal. It is a so-called bass management.
- Fig. 1 shows a NHK-22.2 arrangement
- Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of a
- Downmix device for a NHK-22.2 system which is transformed into an 8. O downmix signal (the comma separated channels are read as separate channels);
- Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of a
- Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of a
- Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of a
- Upmixing device for a 4th O downmix signal that is transformed into an Auro 11.1 upmix signal (the comma separated channels are read as separate channels);
- Fig. 6 shows an embodiment of the characteristic of a low-pass filter used
- Fig. 7 shows a further embodiment of a
- Downmix device for a multi-channel signal, which is transformed into a downmix signal
- Fig. 8 shows a further embodiment of a
- Downmix device for a multi-channel signal which is transformed into a downmix signal
- 9 shows a further exemplary embodiment of an upmixing device for a downmix signal, which is converted into a multichannel signal having a low-frequency channel; is transformed
- Fig. 10 shows a further embodiment of a
- Upmix device for a downmix signal in a
- Multi-channel signal is transformed with a low-frequency channel.
- Figure 1 shows a NHK-22.2 arrangement from which a variety of standards or commercially available audio formats for "audio surround sound" can be derived, but for the sake of consistency, the same nomenclature of the NHK-22.2 standard should always be used In the following, only channel positions are referred to, meaning the position of a speaker associated with the channel, and the positions in Fig. 1 are not intended to be exact or restrictive, but only to approximate the relative position of the speakers
- the NHK-22.2 system has three horizontal levels, referred to as the bottom layer, the middle layer, and the top layer, many other standards or audio formats marketed in the marketplace. Audio Surround Sound "have two - mostly the middle and the upper level - or three of these levels and are intended for all standards and in the Market represented audio formats as such. In the following, the individual channel positions of the NHK-22.2 system are briefly introduced.
- the middle level has the following channel positions (abbreviation in brackets): a front left channel (FL), a front central left channel (FLc), a front one central channel (FC), a front central right channel (FRc), a front right channel (FR), a laterally right channel (SiR), a rear right channel (BR), a rear central channel (BC), a rear left Channel (BL) and a left side channel (SiL).
- the upper level has the following channel positions (abbreviated in parentheses): a front left channel (TpFL), a front central channel (TpFC), a front right channel (TpFR), a laterally right channel (TpSiR), a rear right Channel (TpBR), a rear central channel positions (abbreviated in parentheses): a front left channel (TpFL), a front central channel (TpFC), a front right channel (TpFR), a laterally right channel (TpSiR), a rear right Channel (TpBR), a rear central channel positions (abbreviated in parentheses): a front left channel (TpFL), a front central channel (TpFC), a front right channel (TpFR), a laterally right channel (TpSiR), a rear right Channel (TpBR), a rear central channel positions (abbreviated in parentheses): a front left channel (TpFL), a front central channel (TpFC), a front right channel
- TpBC Traffic Control Channel
- TpBL back left channel
- TpSiL left side channel
- the lower level has the following channels (abbreviations in parentheses): a front left channel (BtFL), a front center channel (BtFC), a front right channel (BtFR).
- BtFL front left channel
- BtFC front center channel
- BtFR front right channel
- LFE1 / LFE L first or left low-frequency channel
- LFE2 / LFE R second or right low-frequency channel
- these methods and / or devices for upmixing are shown for particular channels of the NHK-22.2 system, these methods are not only for NHK-22.2 systems but for all standards and audio surround sound formats marketed on the market.
- a front right channel this is not limited to FR only, but also includes TpFR, FRc and BtFR, which are all front right channels unless it is out of context clearly that only the channel FR can be meant or not one of the other front right channels. This applies analogously to all other channels.
- the middle level has the following channel positions (abbreviated in parentheses): a front left channel (FL), a front central channel (FC), a front right channel (FR), a rear right channel (BR), a back left Channel (BL).
- FL front left channel
- FC front central channel
- FR front right channel
- BR rear right channel
- BL back left Channel
- the upper level has the following channel positions (abbreviated in parentheses): a front left channel (TpFL), a front central channel (TpFC), a front right channel (TpFR), a rear right channel (TpBR), a back left Channel (TpBL) and an upper central channel (TpC).
- TpFL front left channel
- TpFC front central channel
- TpFR front right channel
- TpBR rear right channel
- TpBL back left Channel
- TpC upper central channel
- LFE low-frequency channel
- Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of a downmixing device 10 for downmixing a multi-channel signal into a downmix signal having a reduced channel number, e.g. for a NHK-22.2 system, which is transformed into an 8.0 system.
- the downmixing device 10 has a downmixer 11, a left low-pass filter 12. L, a right lowpass filter 12. R, a left first amplifier 13. L, a left second amplifier
- L a left first adder 15.
- L a left second adder 16.
- L a right first amplifier 13.
- R a right second amplifier 14.
- R a right first adder
- the downmixer 11 is configured to convert a multi-channel signal having more than four channels into a downmix signal having at least one front left channel FL, a front right channel FR, a rear right channel BR and a rear left channel BL down.
- the downmixer 11 mixes the 22 channels of a NHK-22.2 system into a downmix signal with FL, FR, BR, BL, TpFL, TpFR, TpBR and TpBL.
- the channels TpFL, TpFR, TpBR, TpBL in the downmix signal are optional.
- the downmix channel could also contain only the four channels FL, FR, BR, BL.
- the downmix channel could also contain only the six channels FL, FR, BR, BL, TpFL, TpFR.
- the downmixer is optional, and the invention may also be used to integrate one or more low frequency channels of a multi-channel signal without otherwise down-mixing the multi-channel signal.
- multi-channel signals are down-mixed so that the down-mixed signals also correspond to certain channel positions and give a low-interference sound on the associated speakers.
- the left-hand low-pass filter 12 L is designed to filter out the signal components of the left-hand low-frequency channel LFE L lying above a cut-off frequency.
- the right-hand low-pass filter 12 R is designed to filter out the signal components of the right-hand low-frequency channel LFE R lying above a cut-off frequency.
- the same filter type is used for the left and right low pass filters.
- the cutoff frequency is equal to 120Hz (according to ITU-R Recommendation BS.775-3).
- the cutoff frequency is less than or equal to 120 Hz, in particular less than or equal to 100 Hz, in particular less than or equal to 90 Hz, in particular less than or equal to 80 Hz.
- the low-pass filter LPF has an infinite impulse response HR.
- the low-pass filter LPF decreases with at least -12dB per octave.
- the left first amplifier 13 L amplifies the low-pass filtered left low-frequency channel LFE L with a first factor A.
- the left second amplifier 14 L amplifies the low-pass filtered left low-frequency channel LFE L with a second factor B.
- the right first amplifier 13 R amplifies the low pass filtered right low frequency channel LFE R with the first factor A.
- the right second amplifier 14R amplifies the low pass filtered right low frequency channel LFE R with the second factor B.
- the first factor A is greater than the second factor B.
- the first factor A is preferably -9dB.
- the second factor B is preferably -12dB.
- the factors A and B are thus both preferably less than 1.
- the left first adder 15. L is adapted to mix the low-pass filtered left low-frequency channel LFE L multiplied by the first factor A to the rear left channel BL.
- the left second adder 16. L is configured to mix the low-pass filtered left low-frequency channel LFE L multiplied by the second factor B to the front left channel FL.
- the right first adder 15. R is adapted to mix the low-pass filtered right low-frequency channel LFE R multiplied by the first factor A to the rear right channel BR.
- the right second adder 16. R is adapted to mix the low pass filtered right low frequency channel LFE R multiplied by the second factor B to the front right channel FR.
- the weighted low-frequency signals behind the downmixer 11 on the Downmix signals FL, FR, BR, BL mixed.
- these weighted low-frequency signals may also be mixed in the downmixer 11 to an intermediate signal, or mixed directly onto a channel of the multi-channel signal which is mixed to the corresponding channel FL, FR, BR, BL.
- This formulation "mixing the low frequency channel to the downmix channel”, is intended to include all of these alternatives, and the fact that only the low frequency channel or low frequency channel frequency components are mixed into channels of the downmix signal reduces channel interference At the same time, the low-frequency signal components disturb less, since the human ear can not locate low-frequency components very poorly and in particular below 80 Hz, psycho-acoustically speaking, the fact that the right and left Low-frequency channel is mixed to respective right and left channels of the downmix signal, allowing so-called stereo LFEs, the two low-frequency channel information is therefore not mixed and thus remain where desired separately obtained Frequency channel or the low-frequency channels are mixed on four arranged around the listener channels FL, FR, BR, BL, it allows the difficult to locate low-frequency effects even when playing the downmix or when playing the upmix signal without bass management to hear harmoniously from all sides.
- FIG. 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of an upmixing device 20 for determining an upmix signal from a downmix signal, eg for an 8th O dowmix signal, which is transformed into an NHK 22.2 upmix signal with 22 channels and 2 low-frequency channels.
- the upmixing device 20 comprises an upmixer 21, a left low-pass filter 29. L, a right low-pass filter 29. R, a left first amplifier 22. L, a left second amplifier 23. L, a left adder 27. L, a central adder 28, a right first amplifier 22. R, a right second amplifier 23. R, a right adder 27. R, a central first amplifier 24, a central second amplifier 25, a central third amplifier 26 and a central fourth amplifier 27.
- the upmixer 21 is designed to determine a multichannel signal having more than four channels from a downmix signal having at least four channels.
- the upmixer 21 determines the 22 channels of a NHK-22.2 system from a downmix signal having the 8 channels FL, FR, BR, BL, TpFL, TpFR, TpBR and TpBL.
- the upmixer 21 is optional for the invention, and the low frequency channels could also be determined from a multi-channel signal without otherwise increasing the channel count.
- the left first amplifier 22 L respectively amplifies the channels BL, TpFL, TpSiL of the upmix signal with the first factor C.
- the left second amplifier 23 L amplifies the channel TpBL of the upmix signal with a second factor D.
- the right first amplifier 22 each amplifies the channels BR, TpFR, TpSiR of the upmix signal with the first factor C.
- the right second amplifier 23R respectively amplifies the channel TpBR of the upmix signal with a second factor D.
- the central first amplifier 24 amplifies the channels FC and BtFC of the Upmixsignals with the first factor C.
- the central second amplifier 25 amplifies each of the channels BC and TpFC of Upmixsignals with a third factor E.
- the central third amplifier 26 each amplifies the channel TpBC with a fourth factor F.
- the central fourth amplifier 27 amplifies each of the channel TpC with a fifth factor G.
- the factors C, D, E, F, GC>D>E>F> G In one embodiment, the factors C, D, E, F, G are all less than 1.
- C -3dB
- D -5dB
- E -6dB
- F -8dB
- G -9dB.
- the central adder 28 adds the outputs of the central first amplifier 24, the central second amplifier 25, the central third amplifier 26 and the central fourth amplifier 27.
- the central adder 28 thus outputs the following central intermediate signal SC:
- the left adder 27. L adds the channels FLc, FL, SiL and BtFL to the outputs of the left first amplifier 22 L and the left second amplifier 23. L and to the output SC of the central adder 28.
- the right adder 27. R adds the channels FRc, FR, SiR and BtFR to the outputs of the right first amplifier 22. R and the right second amplifier 23. R and to the output SC of the central adder 28.
- the right adder 27. R thus outputs the following right intermediate signal:
- the left-hand low-pass filter 29. L is designed to filter out the signal components of the left intermediate signal SL output by the left adder 27. L above a limit frequency. From the low-pass filtered left intermediate signal SL, the left low-frequency channel LFE L is now formed.
- the right-hand low-pass filter 29. R is designed to filter out the signal components of the right-hand intermediate signal SR, which are above a cut-off frequency, output by the right adder 27. R. From the low-pass filtered right intermediate signal SR, the right low-frequency channel LFE R is now formed.
- the same filter type is used for the left and right low pass filters.
- the same low-pass filter as in the downmix device 10 is used.
- the cutoff frequency is the same as in the downmix device 10. In one embodiment, the cutoff frequency is less than or equal to 120Hz, more preferably less than or equal to 100Hz, more preferably less than or equal to 90Hz, more preferably less than or equal to 80Hz Low pass filter shown, the cutoff frequency is 80Hz.
- the low pass filter LPF has an infinite impulse response (HR). Preferably, the low-pass filter LPF decreases with at least -12dB per octave.
- the recovered low frequency LFE channels are still processed with a low pass filter at the cutoff frequency ensures that there are no residuals in an area just above the cutoff frequency where the frequency components can be better located by the listeners. Thus, disharmonies between the original bass portions of the 22 channels and the two low frequency channels are avoided.
- Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of a downmixing device 30 for downmixing a multi-channel signal into a downmix signal having a reduced channel number, e.g. for an Auro 11.1 system that is transformed into a 4th O downmix signal.
- the downmix signal could also contain only the two channels FL, FR.
- the downmix signal could also contain more than the four channels shown.
- the downmix device 30 has a downmixer 31, a low-pass filter 32, a first adder 33 and a second adder 33.
- the downmixer 31 is configured to downsample a multi-channel signal having more than four channels into a downmix signal having at least a front left channel FL and a front right channel FR.
- the downmixer 31 mixes the middle layer of the 11 channels of an Auroll.1 system into a downmix signal with the channels FL, FR, BR and BL.
- the channels BL and BR in the downmix signal are optional in this embodiment.
- the downmixer 31 is also optional, and the invention may also be used to integrate one or more low frequency channels of a multi-channel signal without otherwise down-mixing the multi-channel signal.
- the low-pass filter 32 is designed to filter out the signal components of the low-frequency channel LFE lying above a cut-off frequency.
- the low-pass filter 32 is designed as in the embodiment 10.
- the first adder 33 is configured to apply the low-pass filtered low frequency channel LFE to the front right channel FR to mix.
- the second adder 34 is configured to mix the low pass filtered low frequency channel LFE to the front left channel FL.
- the low-pass filtered low-frequency signal LFE is preferably mixed downstream of the downmixer 31 onto the downmix signal channels FL and FR. Alternatively, however, these weighted low-frequency signals may also be mixed in the downmixer 11 to an intermediate signal, or mixed directly onto a channel of the multi-channel signal which is mixed to the corresponding channel FL and FR. This phrase, "the low frequency channel is mixed to the downmix channel," is intended to include all of these alternatives.
- Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of an upmixing device 40 for determining an upmix signal from a downmix signal, e.g. for a 4th O Dowmix signal transformed into an Auro 11.1 upmix signal.
- the upmixing device 40 has an up-mixer 41, an adder 42, an amplifier 43 and a low-pass filter 44.
- the upmixer 41 is designed to determine a multichannel signal having more than two channels from a downmix signal having at least two channels. In the example shown in FIG. 5, the upmixer 41 determines the 11 channels of an Auro 11.1 system from a downmix signal with the 4 channels FL, FR, BR and BL. However, the upmixer 41 is optional for the invention and the low frequency channels could also be determined from a multi-channel signal without otherwise increasing the channel count further.
- the adder 42 adds the channels FL, FC and FR of the upmix signal and the amplifier 43 multiplies the channels FL, FC and FR or their sum by the factor C.
- the factor C is equal to -3dB.
- the low-pass filter 44 is designed to filter out the signal components of the intermediate signal S lying above a cut-off frequency. From the low-pass filtered intermediate signal S, the low-frequency channel LFE is formed. In one embodiment, the same low-pass filter as in the downmix device 30 is used. In one embodiment, the cutoff frequency is the same as in the downmix device 30. In one embodiment, the cutoff frequency is less than or equal to 120 Hz, or preferably less than or equal to 100Hz, or preferably less than or equal to 90Hz. The cutoff frequency of the low pass filter, see above, can also be optimally at 80Hz.
- the downmix device determines whether the amplitudes of the LFE or the LFEs are below or above a threshold value. This binary information is determined at periodic intervals, eg all 64 samples, and transmitted with the downmix. If the amplitudes are below the threshold, the LFE or LFEs are not mixed downmixed, or not determined or output after the upmix. Otherwise, the LFE or LFEs are mixed to the downmix as described above or determined or output after the upmix.
- the Upmix device knows by the transmitted binary value whether for the last period an LFE or two LFEs or even no LFE needs to be determined or issued. Instead of downmixing this binary information, it may also be determined again in the upmixing device on the basis of the transmitted downmix signal or on the basis of the obtained upmix signal whether extraction of an LFE or two LFEs is necessary.
- FIG. 8 shows another embodiment of a downmixer / encoder.
- one or more channels for example the BtFC signal with a gain factor (for example, 3dB), an amplified or unamplified basic signal
- the fundamental signal for example the FC signal and / or the BtFC signal
- the LFE signal optionally on the basis of suitable amplification factors (for example a gain of -3 dB for all summed signals), and on the other hand High-pass filter (for example, an ideal IIR filter with subsequent all-pass correction, a stopping at -80dB at 120Hz or 100Hz or 90Hz or even 80Hz stopband and a beginning at 121Hz or 101Hz or 91Hz or 81Hz passband with OdB) fed.
- suitable amplification factors for example a gain of -3 dB for all summed signals
- High-pass filter for example, an ideal IIR filter with subsequent all-pass correction, a stopping at -80dB at 120Hz or 100Hz or 90Hz or even 80Hz stopband and a beginning at 121Hz or 101Hz or 91Hz or 81Hz passband with OdB
- the sum signal of LFE, basic signal and optionally further signals to a complementary low-pass filter for example, a complementary to the above high-pass filter IIR filter with all-pass correction and ending with a 120Hz or 100Hz or 90Hz or even 80Hz Passband with OdB and at 121Hz or 101Hz or 91Hz or 81Hz starting stop band with -80dB) supplied.
- a complementary low-pass filter for example, a complementary to the above high-pass filter IIR filter with all-pass correction and ending with a 120Hz or 100Hz or 90Hz or even 80Hz Passband with OdB and at 121Hz or 101Hz or 91Hz or 81Hz starting stop band with -80dB
- the respective output signal of the high-pass filter and low-pass filter is now added and, for example as transmit the basic signal or as a downmix with further channels from the encoder to the decoder together with the data pulse.
- Figures 9 to 11 show three embodiments of an upmixing device or a decoder.
- the decoder optionally a correlation comparison can take place in a first step.
- the basic signal is optionally fed together with other channels directly to a low-pass filter (ideally of the same type as described above).
- An element can be preceded or followed by this low-pass filter, so that it is determined in the downmix device whether the amplitudes of the LFE or of the LFEs are below or above a threshold value.
- This binary information is periodically spaced, e.g. all 64 samples, determined and transferred with the downmix. If the amplitudes are below the threshold, the LFE or LFEs are not mixed downmixed or upmixed or output.
- the LFE or LFEs are mixed to the downmix as described above or determined or output after the upmix.
- the upmix device knows, by the transmitted or determined binary value, whether an LFE or two LFEs or no LFE has to be determined or output for the last period.
- a correlation comparison can also be carried out on the resulting signal.
- the resulting signals may optionally be further processed, for example by a pseudo stereo method, such as by its special case of linear or non-linear inverse coding (for example, for the derivation of a BtFC), and are now output.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CH0369/14 | 2014-02-28 | ||
CH3692014 | 2014-02-28 | ||
CH7482014 | 2014-05-16 | ||
CH0748/14 | 2014-05-16 | ||
CH0993/14 | 2014-07-01 | ||
CH00993/14A CH709271A2 (de) | 2014-02-28 | 2014-07-01 | Kodierung und Dekodierung eines niederfrequenten Kanals in einem Audiomultikanalsignal. |
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WO2015128379A1 true WO2015128379A1 (de) | 2015-09-03 |
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PCT/EP2015/053937 WO2015128379A1 (de) | 2014-02-28 | 2015-02-25 | Kodierung und dekodierung eines niederfrequenten kanals in einem audiomultikanalsignal |
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Cited By (1)
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EP3937515A1 (de) | 2020-07-06 | 2022-01-12 | Clemens Par | Invarianzgesteuerter elektroakustischer übertrager |
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Cited By (2)
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EP3937515A1 (de) | 2020-07-06 | 2022-01-12 | Clemens Par | Invarianzgesteuerter elektroakustischer übertrager |
WO2022008092A1 (de) | 2020-07-06 | 2022-01-13 | Clemens Par | Invarianzgesteuerter elektroakustischer übertrager |
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