WO2015128131A1 - System for converting wind power into electrical power incorporating a compressed air storage means - Google Patents

System for converting wind power into electrical power incorporating a compressed air storage means Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015128131A1
WO2015128131A1 PCT/EP2015/051358 EP2015051358W WO2015128131A1 WO 2015128131 A1 WO2015128131 A1 WO 2015128131A1 EP 2015051358 W EP2015051358 W EP 2015051358W WO 2015128131 A1 WO2015128131 A1 WO 2015128131A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
energy
compressed air
wind turbine
converting
heat
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PCT/EP2015/051358
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
David Teixeira
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IFP Energies Nouvelles
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Publication of WO2015128131A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015128131A1/en

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/10Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
    • F03D9/17Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing energy in pressurised fluids
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D13/00Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
    • F03D13/20Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors
    • F03D13/25Arrangements for mounting or supporting wind motors; Masts or towers for wind motors specially adapted for offshore installation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03DWIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/28Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being a pump or a compressor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00Components
    • F05B2240/20Rotors
    • F05B2240/21Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00Components
    • F05B2240/90Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/93Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a structure floating on a liquid surface
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00Components
    • F05B2240/90Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/95Mounting on supporting structures or systems offshore
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05BINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00Function
    • F05B2260/20Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
    • F05B2260/207Heat transfer, e.g. cooling using a phase changing mass, e.g. heat absorbing by melting or boiling
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/727Offshore wind turbines
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of renewable energies and more particularly to an integrated system for converting and storing the energy produced by wind turbines.
  • a wind turbine makes it possible to transform the kinetic energy of the wind into electrical or mechanical energy.
  • Wind turbines are classified in two main categories: horizontal axis wind turbines and vertical axis wind turbines, the axis designating the axis of the rotating part of the wind turbine.
  • a horizontal axis wind turbine typically consists of:
  • a mast for placing a rotor at a height sufficient to allow its movement or to place the rotor at a height allowing it to be driven by a wind stronger and more regular than at ground level;
  • a nacelle mounted at the top of the mast, housing mechanical components, pneumatic, some electrical and electronic components, necessary for the operation of the machine.
  • the nacelle can turn to steer the machine in the right direction;
  • a rotor attached to the nacelle, comprising several blades (usually three) and the nose of the wind turbine.
  • the rotor is driven by the wind energy, it is connected by a mechanical shaft directly or indirectly (via a gearbox system and mechanical shaft) to an electric machine (electric generator ...) which converts the energy collected in electrical energy;
  • a transmission consisting of two axes (mechanical shaft of the rotor and mechanical shaft of the electric machine) connected by a transmission (gearbox).
  • a vertical axis wind turbine typically consists of:
  • the blades are integral with the rotating shaft so as to transmit the movement to the shaft, the shaft assembly, blades and support arms of the blades constitute the rotor;
  • a vertical axis wind turbine does not need to be facing the wind.
  • wind turbines provide energy in a discontinuous manner, whereas electrical energy may be useless at the moment the wind turbines are in operation and necessary when they are stationary. This is why means for storing energy produced by wind turbines have been developed.
  • CAES compressed air storage
  • the invention relates to a system for converting wind energy into electrical energy, the system incorporating means for converting and storing energy in the form of compressed air.
  • the means for converting and storing energy comprise compressors connected to the wind turbine, means for storing heat and means for storing compressed air, and turbines connected to an electric generator. .
  • the invention provides an integrated system for storing the maximum energy.
  • the invention relates to a system for converting wind power into electrical energy comprising at least one wind turbine, means for converting and storing energy and at least one electric generator.
  • Said energy conversion and storage means comprise:
  • said wind turbine is a vertical axis wind turbine, said compression means being connected to the rotor of said wind turbine.
  • said compression means are connected to said rotor by means of a gearbox or a gearbox.
  • said heat exchange and storage means are disposed between said compression means.
  • said energy conversion and storage means comprise a number of expansion means greater than or equal to the number of compression means
  • said expansion means are mounted on the same shaft and drive a single electric generator.
  • said detent means drives a plurality of electric generators.
  • said heat exchange and storage means comprises phase change materials.
  • said compression means are mounted on the same shaft.
  • the invention relates to a floating support comprising the energy conversion system according to the invention. Said conversion and heat storage means are placed at least partially in a float.
  • said heat conversion and storage means serve as ballast for said float.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a wind energy conversion system with a vertical axis offshore wind turbine according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the invention relates to a system for converting wind energy into electrical energy.
  • the conversion system comprises a wind turbine, means for converting and storing energy and at least one electric generator.
  • the energy conversion and storage means allow the storage and the discharge (destocking) of the energy in a pneumatic form and in the form of heat.
  • the means for converting and storing energy make it possible to convert the mechanical energy coming from the wind turbine into pneumatic energy and to conserve this pneumatic energy as well as the heat generated.
  • the conversion and storage means convert the stored energy (pneumatic and heat) into mechanical energy for at least one electric generator for conversion into electrical energy.
  • the energy conversion and storage means are of the advanced adiabatic CAES type (AACAES of the English “advance adiabatic compressed air energy storage”).
  • the means for converting and storing the energy comprise: compression means, heat exchange and storage means, at least one compressed air tank, expansion means.
  • the compression means preferably compressors, are driven by the wind turbine, directly or by means of a gearbox or a gearbox. Ways compression are staged and compress the air by successive steps.
  • the compression means are mounted on the same shaft which is driven by the wind turbine, the rotation shaft can be the hub of the compressors.
  • the compression means may have the same compression ratio or different compression ratios.
  • the heat exchange and storage means make it possible to recover and store the heat due to the compression of the air and to supply this heat to the compressed air before passing through the expansion means.
  • the heat exchange and storage means can be introduced between each compression stage, in order to store the heat resulting from the compression.
  • Heat storage can be achieved using phase change materials (PCMs) or a mixture of MCP with a fluid, including for example paraffins.
  • the compressed air reservoir is used to store the compressed air by the compression means and cooled by the heat exchange and storage means. Thus, the air is stored at high pressure and at room temperature.
  • the expansion means preferably turbines, are driven by the compressed air contained in the compressed air tank.
  • the compressed air is heated by means of exchange and storage of heat.
  • the turbines drive at least one electric generator to provide electrical energy at the desired time.
  • the compressed air is heated between each stage of expansion of the air, which allows for a relaxation of a hot compressed gas to obtain a better energy conversion (more efficient).
  • the stored heat is also used to generate electrical energy, which limits the energy losses due to conversions.
  • the turbines are mounted on the same shaft and drive a single electric generator.
  • the system for converting and storing energy preferably comprises a number of expansion means at least equal to the number of compression means.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates, without limitation, an embodiment of a conversion system according to the invention.
  • This conversion system is an offshore system, intended to be used at sea. For this, the wind turbine is disposed on a float 12.
  • the wind turbine is a vertical axis wind turbine comprising a shaft 1, support arms 2 (also called by the English term “strut”), and vertical blades 3.
  • the rotor of the wind turbine is connected to the means for converting and storing the energy, which allows a transmission direct and simplified editing.
  • the float 12 includes within it means for converting and storing energy.
  • the means for converting and storing the energy consist of two compression stages 4 and 5, two heat reservoirs 6 and 7, two expansion stages 9 and 10 and a storage compressed air 1 1.
  • the compressor 4 is a low pressure compressor
  • the compressor 5 a high pressure compressor
  • the turbine 9 a high pressure turbine
  • the turbine 10 a low pressure turbine.
  • the compressors 4 and 5 are mounted on the same shaft directly on the rotor 1 of the wind turbine and the turbines 9 and 10 are mounted on the same shaft directly on the shaft of the electric generator 1 January.
  • the flow of air is represented by arrows, the arrows formed by a continuous line COM relate to compression, and the arrows formed by a dashed line DET concern the trigger.
  • the air taken off the float is first compressed by the low pressure compressor 4 (driven by the rotor 1), then passes into the first heat exchange and storage means 6 in order to capture the heat from the compression.
  • the air thus compressed and cooled is compressed in the high-pressure compressor 5 (driven by the rotor 1), then passes into the second exchange and storage means 7 in order to capture the heat resulting from the compression.
  • the compressed air and cooled substantially to room temperature is stored at high pressure in the compressed air tank 8.
  • the stored compressed air is discharged from the tank 8 for the generation of electricity.
  • the compressed air is heated in the second heat exchange and storage means 7, then passes into the high-pressure turbine 9 (driving the electric generator 1 1).
  • the expanded and cooled air is heated by the first heat exchange and storage means 6.
  • the heated air passes through the low pressure turbine 10 (driving the electric generator 1 1 ).
  • the air is then rejected outside the float 12.
  • the conversion system may be an offshore system or a land conversion system.
  • the means for converting and storing the energy can be buried or disposed on the surface of the earth.
  • the wind turbine is a wind turbine with a horizontal axis.
  • the rotor of the wind turbine can be connected to the means for converting and storing the energy by means of a transmission, in particular by an angle gear.
  • the wind turbine may be a multi-turbine turbine, for example as described in patent applications FR 2954475 and FR 2954415.
  • the means for converting and storing the energy may be outside the float, for example on a platform.
  • the energy conversion and storage means may comprise a plurality of compressed air tanks.
  • the compressed air tank or tanks may be introduced into the float, or disposed outside the float, for example on a platform.
  • the means of relaxation can each lead to an electric generator or be distributed over several shafts, each shaft driving an electric generator.
  • the heat storage vector may replace part of the ballast of the float. Under these conditions, its position must be optimized in order to best perform its role of ballast.
  • the number of compression means and expansion means can be between 2 and 10.
  • FIG. 1 An embodiment is presented according to FIG. 1 adapted to a 5 MW wind turbine. It is assumed that the wind turbine runs 3100 hours per year, equivalent to full power. It produces 15500 MWh per year. In this example, it is desired to inject electricity on the power grid during peak periods two hours in the morning and two hours in the evening. Taking into account the efficiency of the system, this corresponds to a storage of about 15 MWh.

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for converting wind power into electrical power, the system incorporating means for converting and storing power in the form of compressed air (8). According to the invention, the power conversion and storage means comprise compressors (4, 5) connected to the wind turbine, heat storage means (6, 7) and compressed-air storage means (8), and turbines (9, 10) which are connected to an electric generator (11).

Description

SYSTEME DE CONVERSION D'ENERGIE EOLIENNE EN ENERGIE ELECTRIQUE INTEGRANT UN MOYEN DE STOCKAGE D'AIR COMPRIME  SYSTEM FOR CONVERTING WIND ENERGY IN ELECTRIC ENERGY INCORPORATING COMPRESSED AIR STORAGE MEANS
La présente invention concerne le domaine des énergies renouvelables et plus particulièrement un système intégré de conversion et de stockage de l'énergie produite par des éoliennes. The present invention relates to the field of renewable energies and more particularly to an integrated system for converting and storing the energy produced by wind turbines.
Depuis le début des années 1990, l'énergie éolienne a connu un regain d'intérêt, en particulier dans l'Union Européenne où le taux de croissance annuel est d'environ 20 %. Cette croissance est attribuée à la possibilité inhérente de production d'électricité sans émissions de dioxyde de carbone. Afin de soutenir cette croissance, le rendement des éoliennes doit continuer à être amélioré. La perspective d'augmentation de production d'énergie éolienne nécessite le développement d'outils de production efficaces, d'outils de contrôle avancé pour améliorer les performances des machines, et de moyens de gestion de l'énergie.  Since the early 1990s, there has been renewed interest in wind energy, particularly in the European Union where the annual growth rate is around 20%. This growth is attributed to the inherent possibility of producing electricity without carbon dioxide emissions. To support this growth, wind turbine performance must continue to improve. The prospect of increasing wind energy production requires the development of efficient production tools, advanced control tools to improve machine performance, and energy management capabilities.
Une éolienne permet de transformer l'énergie cinétique du vent en énergie électrique ou mécanique. Les éoliennes sont classées essentiellement en deux catégories : les éoliennes à axe horizontal et les éoliennes à axe vertical, l'axe désignant l'axe de la partie tournante de l'éolienne.  A wind turbine makes it possible to transform the kinetic energy of the wind into electrical or mechanical energy. Wind turbines are classified in two main categories: horizontal axis wind turbines and vertical axis wind turbines, the axis designating the axis of the rotating part of the wind turbine.
Pour la conversion du vent en énergie électrique, une éolienne à axe horizontal se compose classiquement des éléments suivants :  For the conversion of wind into electrical energy, a horizontal axis wind turbine typically consists of:
- un mât permettant de placer un rotor à une hauteur suffisante pour permettre son mouvement ou de placer ce rotor à une hauteur lui permettant d'être entraîné par un vent plus fort et régulier qu'au niveau du sol ;  - a mast for placing a rotor at a height sufficient to allow its movement or to place the rotor at a height allowing it to be driven by a wind stronger and more regular than at ground level;
- une nacelle montée au sommet du mât, abritant des composants mécaniques, pneumatiques, certains composants électriques et électroniques, nécessaires au fonctionnement de la machine. La nacelle peut tourner pour orienter la machine dans la bonne direction ;  - a nacelle mounted at the top of the mast, housing mechanical components, pneumatic, some electrical and electronic components, necessary for the operation of the machine. The nacelle can turn to steer the machine in the right direction;
- un rotor, fixé à la nacelle, comprenant plusieurs pales (en général trois) et le nez de l'éolienne. Le rotor est entraîné par l'énergie du vent, il est relié par un arbre mécanique directement ou indirectement (via un système de boite de vitesse et d'arbre mécanique) à une machine électrique (générateur électrique...) qui convertit l'énergie recueillie en énergie électrique ;  - A rotor, attached to the nacelle, comprising several blades (usually three) and the nose of the wind turbine. The rotor is driven by the wind energy, it is connected by a mechanical shaft directly or indirectly (via a gearbox system and mechanical shaft) to an electric machine (electric generator ...) which converts the energy collected in electrical energy;
- une transmission, composée de deux axes (arbre mécanique du rotor et arbre mécanique de la machine électrique) reliés par une transmission (boite de vitesse). Pour la conversion du vent en énergie électrique, une éolienne à axe vertical se compose classiquement des éléments suivants : - A transmission, consisting of two axes (mechanical shaft of the rotor and mechanical shaft of the electric machine) connected by a transmission (gearbox). For the conversion of wind into electrical energy, a vertical axis wind turbine typically consists of:
- un arbre tournant vertical ;  - a vertical rotating shaft;
- de pales verticales entraînées par le vent, les pales sont solidaires de l'arbre tournant de manière à transmettre le mouvement à l'arbre, l'ensemble arbre, pales et bras de support des pales constituent le rotor ;  vertical blades driven by the wind, the blades are integral with the rotating shaft so as to transmit the movement to the shaft, the shaft assembly, blades and support arms of the blades constitute the rotor;
- une transmission ; et  - a transmission; and
- une machine électrique (génératrice électrique...) et des équipements de puissance qui convertissent l'énergie de rotation du rotor en énergie électrique.  - an electric machine (electric generator ...) and power equipment that convert the rotational energy of the rotor into electrical energy.
Une éolienne à axe vertical ne nécessite pas d'être orienté face au vent.  A vertical axis wind turbine does not need to be facing the wind.
La principale problématique des éoliennes est qu'elles fournissent de l'énergie de manière discontinue, alors que l'énergie électrique peut être inutile à l'instant où les éoliennes sont en fonctionnement et nécessaire lorsqu'elles sont à l'arrêt. C'est pourquoi, des moyens pour stocker de l'énergie produite par les éoliennes ont été développés. The main problem with wind turbines is that they provide energy in a discontinuous manner, whereas electrical energy may be useless at the moment the wind turbines are in operation and necessary when they are stationary. This is why means for storing energy produced by wind turbines have been developed.
La solution la plus souvent envisagée est le stockage de l'énergie électrique sous forme de batterie électrique. Toutefois, cette solution ne présente pas un rendement suffisant, est onéreuse, lourde, encombrante, notamment pour les systèmes embarqués sur les éoliennes marines (offshore).  The solution most often considered is the storage of electrical energy in the form of an electric battery. However, this solution does not have a sufficient yield, is expensive, heavy, cumbersome, especially for embedded systems on offshore (offshore) wind turbines.
Une autre solution envisagée est l'utilisation de stockage d'air comprimé (CAES de l'anglais « compressed air energy storage ») : pour le stockage, l'énergie électrique produite entraîne des compresseurs d'air, et pour le déstockage, l'air comprimé entraîne des turbines reliées à une génératrice électrique. Le rendement de cette solution n'est pas optimal car une partie de l'énergie de l'air comprimé se retrouve sous forme de chaleur qui n'est pas utilisée, en outre cette solution nécessite une première génératrice électrique avant le stockage pour entraîner les compresseurs. Par exemple, la demande de brevet DE 102010035393 A1 décrit une turbine adaptée au stockage d'air comprimé CAES.  Another solution considered is the use of compressed air storage (CAES): for storage, the electrical energy produced drives air compressors, and for destocking, Compressed air drives turbines connected to an electric generator. The efficiency of this solution is not optimal because a portion of the energy of the compressed air is in the form of heat that is not used, moreover this solution requires a first electric generator before storage to drive the compressors. For example, the patent application DE 102010035393 A1 describes a turbine adapted to the storage of compressed air CAES.
De plus, actuellement, les éoliennes et les moyens de stockage de l'énergie étant développés indépendamment l'un de l'autre, aucune réalisation actuelle ne prévoit une solution intégrée comprenant un couplage entre l'éolienne et les moyens de stockage de l'énergie. L'invention concerne un système de conversion d'énergie éolienne en énergie électrique, le système intégrant des moyens de conversion et de stockage d'énergie sous forme d'air comprimé. Selon l'invention, les moyens de conversion et de stockage d'énergie comprennent des compresseurs reliés à l'éolienne, des moyens de stockage de la chaleur et des moyens de stockage de l'air comprimé, et des turbines reliées à une génératrice électrique. Ainsi, l'invention propose un système intégré, permettant de stocker le maximum d'énergie. In addition, currently, the wind turbines and the energy storage means being developed independently of one another, no current embodiment provides an integrated solution comprising a coupling between the wind turbine and the storage means of the energy. The invention relates to a system for converting wind energy into electrical energy, the system incorporating means for converting and storing energy in the form of compressed air. According to the invention, the means for converting and storing energy comprise compressors connected to the wind turbine, means for storing heat and means for storing compressed air, and turbines connected to an electric generator. . Thus, the invention provides an integrated system for storing the maximum energy.
Le système selon l'invention The system according to the invention
L'invention concerne un système de conversion d'énergie éolienne en énergie électrique comprenant au moins une éolienne, des moyens de conversion et de stockage d'énergie et au moins une génératrice électrique. Lesdits moyens de conversion et de stockage d'énergie comprennent :  The invention relates to a system for converting wind power into electrical energy comprising at least one wind turbine, means for converting and storing energy and at least one electric generator. Said energy conversion and storage means comprise:
- une pluralité de moyens de compression d'air entraînés par ladite éolienne, - au moins un moyen d'échange et de stockage de la chaleur de l'air comprimé, a plurality of air compression means driven by said wind turbine, at least one means for exchanging and storing the heat of the compressed air,
- au moins un réservoir de l'air comprimé par lesdits moyens de compression, et at least one reservoir of compressed air by said compression means, and
- une pluralité de moyens de détente entraînés par l'air comprimé en sortie dudit réservoir, l'air comprimé étant chauffé par lesdits moyens d'échange et de stockage de la chaleur, et lesdits moyens de détente étant reliés à ladite génératrice électrique.  a plurality of expansion means driven by the compressed air at the outlet of said tank, the compressed air being heated by said heat exchange and storage means, and said expansion means being connected to said electric generator.
Selon l'invention, ladite éolienne est une éolienne à axe vertical, lesdits moyens de compression étant reliés au rotor de ladite éolienne.  According to the invention, said wind turbine is a vertical axis wind turbine, said compression means being connected to the rotor of said wind turbine.
Avantageusement, lesdits moyens de compression sont reliés audit rotor au moyen d'un réducteur ou d'une boîte de vitesse.  Advantageously, said compression means are connected to said rotor by means of a gearbox or a gearbox.
De préférence, lesdits moyens d'échange et de stockage de la chaleur sont disposés entre lesdits moyens de compression.  Preferably, said heat exchange and storage means are disposed between said compression means.
De manière avantageuse, lesdits moyens de conversion et de stockage d'énergie comprennent un nombre de moyens de détente supérieur ou égal au nombre de moyens de compression  Advantageously, said energy conversion and storage means comprise a number of expansion means greater than or equal to the number of compression means
Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, lesdits moyens de détente sont montés sur le même arbre et entraînent une seule génératrice électrique.  According to one embodiment of the invention, said expansion means are mounted on the same shaft and drive a single electric generator.
Alternativement, lesdits moyens de détente entraînent une pluralité de génératrices électriques.  Alternatively, said detent means drives a plurality of electric generators.
Selon un aspect de l'invention, ledit moyen d'échange et de stockage de chaleur comprend des matériaux à changement de phase. Selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention, lesdits moyens de compression sont montés sur le même arbre. According to one aspect of the invention, said heat exchange and storage means comprises phase change materials. According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, said compression means are mounted on the same shaft.
En outre, l'invention concerne un support flottant comprenant le système de conversion de l'énergie selon l'invention. Lesdits moyens de conversion et de stockage de la chaleur sont placés au moins partiellement dans un flotteur. In addition, the invention relates to a floating support comprising the energy conversion system according to the invention. Said conversion and heat storage means are placed at least partially in a float.
Avantageusement, lesdits moyens de conversion et de stockage de la chaleur sert de ballast pour ledit flotteur.  Advantageously, said heat conversion and storage means serve as ballast for said float.
Présentation succincte des figures Brief presentation of the figures
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages du procédé selon l'invention, apparaîtront à la lecture de la description ci-après d'exemples non limitatifs de réalisations, en se référant à la figure annexée et décrite ci-après.  Other features and advantages of the method according to the invention will appear on reading the following description of nonlimiting examples of embodiments, with reference to the appended figure and described below.
La figure 1 illustre un système de conversion d'énergie éolienne avec une éolienne offshore à axe vertical selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention.  Figure 1 illustrates a wind energy conversion system with a vertical axis offshore wind turbine according to one embodiment of the invention.
Description détaillée de l'invention Detailed description of the invention
L'invention concerne un système de conversion d'énergie éolienne en énergie électrique. Selon l'invention, le système de conversion comprend une éolienne, des moyens de conversion et de stockage d'énergie et au moins une génératrice électrique. Les moyens de conversion et de stockage d'énergie permettent le stockage et la décharge (déstockage) de l'énergie sous une forme pneumatique et sous forme de chaleur. Lors du stockage de l'énergie, les moyens de conversion et de stockage de l'énergie permettent de convertir l'énergie mécanique en provenance de l'éolienne en énergie pneumatique et de conserver cette énergie pneumatique ainsi que la chaleur générée. Lors de la décharge de l'énergie, les moyens de conversion et de stockage convertissent l'énergie stockée (pneumatique et chaleur) en énergie mécanique destinée à au moins une génératrice électrique pour la conversion en énergie électrique.  The invention relates to a system for converting wind energy into electrical energy. According to the invention, the conversion system comprises a wind turbine, means for converting and storing energy and at least one electric generator. The energy conversion and storage means allow the storage and the discharge (destocking) of the energy in a pneumatic form and in the form of heat. During energy storage, the means for converting and storing energy make it possible to convert the mechanical energy coming from the wind turbine into pneumatic energy and to conserve this pneumatic energy as well as the heat generated. During the discharge of the energy, the conversion and storage means convert the stored energy (pneumatic and heat) into mechanical energy for at least one electric generator for conversion into electrical energy.
Avantageusement, les moyens de conversion et de stockage de l'énergie sont du type CAES adiabatique avancé (AACAES de l'anglais « advance adiabatic compressed air energy storage »). Dans ce cas, les moyens de conversion et de stockage de l'énergie comprennent : des moyens de compression, des moyens d'échange et de stockage de la chaleur, au moins un réservoir d'air comprimé, des moyens de détente.  Advantageously, the energy conversion and storage means are of the advanced adiabatic CAES type (AACAES of the English "advance adiabatic compressed air energy storage"). In this case, the means for converting and storing the energy comprise: compression means, heat exchange and storage means, at least one compressed air tank, expansion means.
Les moyens de compression, de préférence des compresseurs, sont entraînés par l'éolienne, directement ou au moyen d'un réducteur ou d'une boîte de vitesse. Les moyens de compression sont étagés et compriment l'air par des étapes successives. De manière avantageuse, les moyens de compression sont montés sur un même arbre qui est entraîné par l'éolienne, l'arbre de rotation pouvant être le moyeu des compresseurs. Les moyens de compression peuvent avoir le même rapport de compression ou des rapports de compression différents. The compression means, preferably compressors, are driven by the wind turbine, directly or by means of a gearbox or a gearbox. Ways compression are staged and compress the air by successive steps. Advantageously, the compression means are mounted on the same shaft which is driven by the wind turbine, the rotation shaft can be the hub of the compressors. The compression means may have the same compression ratio or different compression ratios.
Les moyens d'échange et de stockage de la chaleur permettent de récupérer et stocker la chaleur due à la compression de l'air et de fournir cette chaleur à l'air comprimé avant le passage dans les moyens de détente. Les moyens d'échange et de stockage de la chaleur peuvent être introduits entre chaque étage de compression, afin de stocker la chaleur issue de la compression. Le stockage de la chaleur peut être réalisé à l'aide de matériaux à changement de phase (MCP) ou à l'aide d'un mélange de MCP avec un fluide, comprenant par exemple des paraffines.  The heat exchange and storage means make it possible to recover and store the heat due to the compression of the air and to supply this heat to the compressed air before passing through the expansion means. The heat exchange and storage means can be introduced between each compression stage, in order to store the heat resulting from the compression. Heat storage can be achieved using phase change materials (PCMs) or a mixture of MCP with a fluid, including for example paraffins.
Le réservoir d'air comprimé permet de stocker l'air comprimé par les moyens de compression et refroidi par les moyens d'échange et de stockage de la chaleur. Ainsi, l'air est stocké à haute pression et à température ambiante.  The compressed air reservoir is used to store the compressed air by the compression means and cooled by the heat exchange and storage means. Thus, the air is stored at high pressure and at room temperature.
Les moyens de détente, de préférence des turbines, sont entraînés par l'air comprimé contenu dans le réservoir d'air comprimé. Préalablement, l'air comprimé est réchauffé par les moyens d'échange et de stockage de la chaleur. Les turbines entraînent au moins une génératrice électrique afin de fournir de l'énergie électrique au moment souhaité. Avantageusement, l'air comprimé est chauffé entre chaque étage de détente de l'air, ce qui permet de réaliser une détente d'un gaz comprimé chaud afin d'obtenir une meilleure conversion énergétique (plus efficace). Ainsi, la chaleur stockée est utilisée également pour générer de l'énergie électrique, ce qui permet de limiter les pertes énergétiques dues aux conversions. De préférence, les turbines sont montées sur un même arbre et entraînent une seule génératrice électrique. Le système de conversion et de stockage de l'énergie comporte de préférence un nombre de moyens de détente au minimum égal au nombre de moyens de compression.  The expansion means, preferably turbines, are driven by the compressed air contained in the compressed air tank. Beforehand, the compressed air is heated by means of exchange and storage of heat. The turbines drive at least one electric generator to provide electrical energy at the desired time. Advantageously, the compressed air is heated between each stage of expansion of the air, which allows for a relaxation of a hot compressed gas to obtain a better energy conversion (more efficient). Thus, the stored heat is also used to generate electrical energy, which limits the energy losses due to conversions. Preferably, the turbines are mounted on the same shaft and drive a single electric generator. The system for converting and storing energy preferably comprises a number of expansion means at least equal to the number of compression means.
Ainsi, grâce au système de conversion de l'énergie selon l'invention, on peut lisser la production électrique d'une éolienne. Par exemple, une éolienne fournissant 5 MW pendant 3100 h/an peut fournir 2,5 MW pendant 6200 h/an ou on peut concentrer la production d'énergie électrique pendant les heures de pointes afin de pallier aux consommations importantes. Le système selon l'invention permet également de réaliser des économies sur la connexion électrique, car la puissance maximale à transporter est plus faible. De plus, le système de conversion selon l'invention ne nécessite pas une conversion immédiate de l'énergie mécanique en énergie électrique. La figure 1 illustre, de manière non limitative, un mode de réalisation d'un système de conversion selon l'invention. Ce système de conversion est un système offshore, destiné à être utilisé en mer. Pour cela, l'éolienne est disposée sur un flotteur 12. Selon le mode de réalisation illustré, l'éolienne est une éolienne à axe vertical comprenant un arbre 1 , des bras de support 2 (également appelés par le terme anglais « strut »), et des pales verticales 3. Ainsi, le rotor de l'éolienne est relié aux moyens de conversion et de stockage de l'énergie, ce qui permet une transmission directe et un montage simplifié. Thus, thanks to the energy conversion system according to the invention, it is possible to smooth the electric production of a wind turbine. For example, a wind turbine supplying 5 MW for 3100 h / year can provide 2.5 MW for 6200 h / year or we can concentrate the production of electrical energy during peak hours to overcome significant consumption. The system according to the invention also allows savings on the electrical connection because the maximum power to be transported is lower. In addition, the conversion system according to the invention does not require an immediate conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy. Figure 1 illustrates, without limitation, an embodiment of a conversion system according to the invention. This conversion system is an offshore system, intended to be used at sea. For this, the wind turbine is disposed on a float 12. According to the illustrated embodiment, the wind turbine is a vertical axis wind turbine comprising a shaft 1, support arms 2 (also called by the English term "strut"), and vertical blades 3. Thus, the rotor of the wind turbine is connected to the means for converting and storing the energy, which allows a transmission direct and simplified editing.
Tel qu'illustré, le flotteur 12 comprend en son sein les moyens de conversion et de stockage de l'énergie. Cette solution permet de réduire l'encombrement du système offshore de conversion de l'énergie. Pour cet exemple de réalisation, les moyens de conversion et de stockage de l'énergie sont constitués de deux étages de compression 4 et 5, de deux réservoirs de chaleur 6 et 7, de deux étages de détente 9 et 10 et d'un stockage d'air comprimé 1 1 . Dans ce cas, le compresseur 4 est un compresseur basse pression, le compresseur 5 un compresseur haute pression, la turbine 9 une turbine haute pression et la turbine 10 une turbine basse pression. Les compresseurs 4 et 5 sont montés sur un même arbre directement sur le rotor 1 de l'éolienne et les turbines 9 et 10 sont montées sur un même arbre directement sur l'arbre de la génératrice électrique 1 1 .  As illustrated, the float 12 includes within it means for converting and storing energy. This solution reduces the size of the offshore energy conversion system. For this exemplary embodiment, the means for converting and storing the energy consist of two compression stages 4 and 5, two heat reservoirs 6 and 7, two expansion stages 9 and 10 and a storage compressed air 1 1. In this case, the compressor 4 is a low pressure compressor, the compressor 5 a high pressure compressor, the turbine 9 a high pressure turbine and the turbine 10 a low pressure turbine. The compressors 4 and 5 are mounted on the same shaft directly on the rotor 1 of the wind turbine and the turbines 9 and 10 are mounted on the same shaft directly on the shaft of the electric generator 1 January.
Sur cette figure, la circulation de l'air est représenté par des flèches, les flèches formées d'un trait continu COM concernent la compression, et les flèches formées d'un trait pointillé DET concernent la détente. L'air prélevé en dehors du flotteur est d'abord comprimé par le compresseur basse pression 4 (entraîné par le rotor 1 ), puis passe dans le premier moyen d'échange et de stockage de la chaleur 6 afin de capter la chaleur issue de la compression. L'air ainsi comprimé et refroidi est comprimé dans le compresseur haute pression 5 (entraîné par le rotor 1 ), puis passe dans le deuxième moyen d'échange et de stockage 7 afin de capter la chaleur issue de la compression. L'air comprimé et refroidi sensiblement à la température ambiante est stocké à haute pression dans le réservoir d'air comprimé 8.  In this figure, the flow of air is represented by arrows, the arrows formed by a continuous line COM relate to compression, and the arrows formed by a dashed line DET concern the trigger. The air taken off the float is first compressed by the low pressure compressor 4 (driven by the rotor 1), then passes into the first heat exchange and storage means 6 in order to capture the heat from the compression. The air thus compressed and cooled is compressed in the high-pressure compressor 5 (driven by the rotor 1), then passes into the second exchange and storage means 7 in order to capture the heat resulting from the compression. The compressed air and cooled substantially to room temperature is stored at high pressure in the compressed air tank 8.
Lors d'une demande en électricité, ou lorsqu'un opérateur le souhaite, l'air comprimé stocké est déchargé du réservoir 8 pour la génération d'électricité. Pour cela, en sortie du réservoir 8 , l'air comprimé est réchauffé dans le deuxième moyen d'échange et de stockage de la chaleur 7, puis passe dans la turbine haute pression 9 (entraînant la génératrice électrique 1 1 ). En sortie de la turbine haute pression, l'air détendu et refroidi est réchauffé par le premier moyen d'échange et de stockage de la chaleur 6. L'air ainsi réchauffé passe dans la turbine basse pression 10 (entraînant la génératrice électrique 1 1 ). L'air est ensuite rejeté à l'extérieur du flotteur 12.  When an electricity demand, or when an operator wishes, the stored compressed air is discharged from the tank 8 for the generation of electricity. For this, at the outlet of the tank 8, the compressed air is heated in the second heat exchange and storage means 7, then passes into the high-pressure turbine 9 (driving the electric generator 1 1). At the output of the high pressure turbine, the expanded and cooled air is heated by the first heat exchange and storage means 6. The heated air passes through the low pressure turbine 10 (driving the electric generator 1 1 ). The air is then rejected outside the float 12.
Variantes de réalisation Les variantes de réalisation décrites ci-dessous peuvent être prises seules ou en combinaison avec l'exemple de réalisation de la figure 1 ou avec les autres variantes de réalisation décrites dans la présente demande. Variations of realization The embodiments described below may be taken alone or in combination with the embodiment of FIG. 1 or with the other embodiments described in the present application.
Le système de conversion peut être un système offshore ou un système de conversion terrestre. Dans ce deuxième cas, les moyens de conversion et de stockage de l'énergie peuvent être enfouis ou disposés à la surface de la terre.  The conversion system may be an offshore system or a land conversion system. In this second case, the means for converting and storing the energy can be buried or disposed on the surface of the earth.
Selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention, l'éolienne est une éolienne à axe horizontal. Dans ce cas, le rotor de l'éolienne peut être reliée aux moyens de conversion et de stockage de l'énergie au moyen d'une transmission, notamment par un renvoi d'angle. Alternativement, l'éolienne peut être une éolienne multi-turbines, par exemple telle que décrite dans les demandes de brevet FR 2954475 et FR 2954415.  According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the wind turbine is a wind turbine with a horizontal axis. In this case, the rotor of the wind turbine can be connected to the means for converting and storing the energy by means of a transmission, in particular by an angle gear. Alternatively, the wind turbine may be a multi-turbine turbine, for example as described in patent applications FR 2954475 and FR 2954415.
Dans le cas d'un système de conversion offshore, les moyens de conversion et de stockage de l'énergie peuvent être à l'extérieur du flotteur, par exemple sur une plateforme.  In the case of an offshore conversion system, the means for converting and storing the energy may be outside the float, for example on a platform.
Les moyens de conversion et de stockage de l'énergie peuvent comprendre une pluralité de réservoirs d'air comprimé.  The energy conversion and storage means may comprise a plurality of compressed air tanks.
Dans le cas d'un système de conversion offshore, le ou les réservoirs d'air comprimé peuvent être introduits au sein du flotteur, ou disposées à l'extérieur du flotteur, par exemple sur une plateforme.  In the case of an offshore conversion system, the compressed air tank or tanks may be introduced into the float, or disposed outside the float, for example on a platform.
Les moyens de détente peuvent entraîner chacun une génératrice électrique ou être répartis sur plusieurs arbres, chaque arbre entraînant une génératrice électrique.  The means of relaxation can each lead to an electric generator or be distributed over several shafts, each shaft driving an electric generator.
Dans le cas d'un système de conversion offshore, le vecteur de stockage de chaleur peut remplacer une partie du ballast du flotteur. Dans ces conditions, sa position doit être optimisée afin de réaliser au mieux son rôle de ballast.  In the case of an offshore conversion system, the heat storage vector may replace part of the ballast of the float. Under these conditions, its position must be optimized in order to best perform its role of ballast.
Le nombre de moyens de compression et de moyens de détente peut être compris entre 2 et 10.  The number of compression means and expansion means can be between 2 and 10.
Exemple de réalisation Example of realization
On présente un exemple de réalisation selon la figure 1 adapté à une éolienne de 5 MW. On suppose que l'éolienne fonctionne 3100 h par an en équivalant pleine puissance. Elle produit ainsi 15500 MWh par an. Dans cet exemple, on souhaite injecter l'électricité sur le réseau électrique pendant les périodes de pointes deux heures le matin et deux heures le soir. En tenant compte du rendement du système, cela correspond à un stockage d'environ 15 MWh.  An embodiment is presented according to FIG. 1 adapted to a 5 MW wind turbine. It is assumed that the wind turbine runs 3100 hours per year, equivalent to full power. It produces 15500 MWh per year. In this example, it is desired to inject electricity on the power grid during peak periods two hours in the morning and two hours in the evening. Taking into account the efficiency of the system, this corresponds to a storage of about 15 MWh.
Caractéristiques du système AACAES AACAES System Features
• Rendement global : 68 %  • Overall performance: 68%
• Rendement du compresseur : 87 % • Rendement des turbines : 90 % • Compressor efficiency: 87% • Turbine efficiency: 90%
• Nombre d'étage de compression : 5 étages  • Number of compression stage: 5 floors
• Nombre d'étage de détentes : 5 étages  • Number of stages of relaxation: 5 floors
• Taux de compression / détente : 3  • Compression / relaxation ratio: 3
• Pression de stockage : 243 bars  • Storage pressure: 243 bar
• Pression en entrée turbine : 196 bars  • Turbine inlet pressure: 196 bar
• Volume de stockage d'air pressurisé: 1300 m3 • Pressurized air storage volume: 1300 m 3
• Température en entrée turbine : 1 15 °C  • Turbine inlet temperature: 1 15 ° C
• Chaleur de changement de phase des MCP : 144MJ/m3 = 40 kWh/m3 • MCP phase change heat: 144MJ / m3 = 40 kWh / m3
• Énergie thermique = Énergie stockée = 15 MWh • Thermal energy = Stored energy = 15 MWh
• Volume de stockage actif : 375 m3 • Active storage volume: 375 m 3
• Volume de stockage total : 1 125 m3 (fraction volumique de MCP = 1/3) • Total storage volume: 1,125 m 3 (volume fraction of MCP = 1/3)
Caractéristique du Flotteur Characteristic of the Float
• Cylindre : rayon 13 m, hauteur 20,5 m  • Cylinder: radius 13 m, height 20,5 m
• Mase : ~ 8500 tonnes  • Mase: ~ 8500 tons
Dimensions des réservoirs (tore a section rectangulaire) : Tank dimensions (torus with rectangular section):
• Stockage d'air  • Air storage
o hauteur : 4 m  o height: 4 m
o rayon interne : 6,4 m  o internal radius: 6.4 m
o rayon externe : 12 m  o outer radius: 12 m
• Stockage de la chaleur  • Heat storage
o hauteur : 4 m  o height: 4 m
o rayon interne : 7,4 m  o internal radius: 7.4 m
o rayon externe : 12 m  o outer radius: 12 m

Claims

Revendications claims
1 ) Système de conversion d'énergie éolienne en énergie électrique comprenant au moins une éolienne, des moyens de conversion et de stockage d'énergie et au moins une génératrice électrique (1 1 ), caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de conversion et de stockage d'énergie comprennent :  1) system for converting wind energy into electrical energy comprising at least one wind turbine, means for converting and storing energy and at least one electric generator (1 1), characterized in that said conversion and storage means of energy include:
- une pluralité de moyens de compression (4, 5) d'air entraînés par ladite éolienne,  a plurality of air compression means (4, 5) driven by said wind turbine,
- au moins un moyen (6, 7) d'échange et de stockage de la chaleur de l'air comprimé,  at least one means (6, 7) for exchanging and storing the heat of the compressed air,
- au moins un réservoir (8) de l'air comprimé par lesdits moyens de compression, et  at least one reservoir (8) of compressed air by said compression means, and
- une pluralité de moyens de détente (9, 10) entraînés par l'air comprimé en sortie dudit réservoir (8), l'air comprimé étant chauffé par lesdits moyens d'échange et de stockage de la chaleur (6, 7), et lesdits moyens de détente (9, 10) étant reliés à ladite génératrice électrique (1 1 ).  a plurality of expansion means (9, 10) driven by the compressed air at the outlet of said tank (8), the compressed air being heated by said heat exchange and storage means (6, 7), and said expansion means (9, 10) being connected to said electric generator (1 1).
2) Système selon la revendication 1 , dans lequel ladite éolienne est une éolienne à axe vertical, lesdits moyens de compression (4, 5) étant reliés au rotor (1 ) de ladite éolienne. 3) Système selon la revendication 2, dans lequel lesdits moyens de compression (4, 5) sont reliés audit rotor (1 ) au moyen d'un réducteur ou d'une boîte de vitesse. 2) System according to claim 1, wherein said wind turbine is a vertical axis wind turbine, said compression means (4, 5) being connected to the rotor (1) of said wind turbine. 3) System according to claim 2, wherein said compression means (4, 5) are connected to said rotor (1) by means of a gearbox or a gearbox.
4) Système selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel lesdits moyens d'échange et de stockage de la chaleur (6, 7) sont disposés entre lesdits moyens de compression (4, 5). 4) System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said means for exchange and heat storage (6, 7) are disposed between said compression means (4, 5).
5) Système selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel lesdits moyens de conversion et de stockage d'énergie comprennent un nombre de moyens de détente (9, 10) supérieur ou égal au nombre de moyens de compression (4, 5). 5) System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said means for converting and storing energy comprise a number of expansion means (9, 10) greater than or equal to the number of compression means (4, 5).
6) Système selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel lesdits moyens de détente (9, 10) sont montés sur le même arbre et entraînent une seule génératrice électrique (1 1 ). 7) Système selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel lesdits moyens de détente (9, 10) entraînent une pluralité de génératrices électriques (1 1 ). 8) Système selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit moyen d'échange et de stockage de chaleur (6, 7) comprend des matériaux à changement de phase. 6) System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said expansion means (9, 10) are mounted on the same shaft and drive a single electric generator (1 1). 7) System according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said expansion means (9, 10) drive a plurality of electric generators (1 1). 8) System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said means for exchange and heat storage (6, 7) comprises phase change materials.
9) Système selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel lesdits moyens de compression (4, 5) sont montés sur le même arbre. 9) System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said compression means (4, 5) are mounted on the same shaft.
10) Support flottant comprenant le système de conversion de l'énergie selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de conversion et de stockage de la chaleur sont placés au moins partiellement dans un flotteur (12). 10) Floating support comprising the energy conversion system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said means for converting and storing the heat are placed at least partially in a float (12).
1 1 ) Support flottant selon la revendication 10, dans lequel lesdits moyens de conversion et de stockage de la chaleur sert de ballast pour ledit flotteur (12). 1 1) Floating support according to claim 10, wherein said means for converting and storing heat serves as ballast for said float (12).
PCT/EP2015/051358 2014-02-28 2015-01-23 System for converting wind power into electrical power incorporating a compressed air storage means WO2015128131A1 (en)

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FR1451654A FR3018100B1 (en) 2014-02-28 2014-02-28 SYSTEM FOR CONVERTING WIND ENERGY IN ELECTRIC ENERGY INCORPORATING COMPRESSED AIR STORAGE MEANS

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