WO2015124365A1 - Dispositif de protection contre la foudre - Google Patents

Dispositif de protection contre la foudre Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015124365A1
WO2015124365A1 PCT/EP2015/051128 EP2015051128W WO2015124365A1 WO 2015124365 A1 WO2015124365 A1 WO 2015124365A1 EP 2015051128 W EP2015051128 W EP 2015051128W WO 2015124365 A1 WO2015124365 A1 WO 2015124365A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
protection device
lightning protection
pin
plate
receptor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2015/051128
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
John Nieuwenhuizen
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2015124365A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015124365A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G13/00—Installations of lightning conductors; Fastening thereof to supporting structure
    • H02G13/80—Discharge by conduction or dissipation, e.g. rods, arresters, spark gaps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/30—Lightning protection
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • Lightning Protection Device The invention describes a lightning protection device, a rotor blade and a wind turbine.
  • a lightning protection device may comprise a plurality of receptors at exposed locations of the wind turbines, in particular at the rotor blade ends, since a rotor blade is particularly endangered due to its length and its narrow shape.
  • a receptor is connected to a lightning current lead.
  • the receptor gives a defined impact point, and the lightning current is dissipated via the lead - for example, a lightning protection cable inside the rotor blade or along the leaf edges - via a grounding cable into the ground or seabed.
  • a lightning protection device provides the lightning current a defined and preferably low-impedance current path in the direction of the earth.
  • an electrically conductive receptor is attached to the outside of the front and / or rear of the rotor blade and bolted to an electrically conductive solid block in the blade interior.
  • the block is in turn connected to the lightning current lead.
  • the block is provided with a threaded bush, so that a receptor placed outside on the rotor blade can be screwed into the block through the outer wall of the rotor blade.
  • a lightning strike will usually strike the outer end of an exposed object - for example, the outer tip of a rotor blade.
  • the block must have a certain thickness in order to allow a stable screw connection with one or more receptors.
  • the known lightning protection devices therefore have
  • the block can be installed only where the sheet provides a sufficiently large cavity.
  • the larger the block the closer to the hub it must be installed. Accordingly, a receptor screwed to the block has a disadvantageously large distance from the thin tip of the blade, so that the protective effect of such a lightning protection device is not always guaranteed.
  • block and receptor must be produced from a corrosion-resistant, highly conductive material. Generally, such components are made of stainless steel. Due to the required block thickness, such a lightning protection device contributes significantly to the overall weight. Another disadvantage of the known lightning protection devices is that the preparation of one or more internal thread in the hard steel is very complex and correspondingly expensive.
  • the lightning protection device according to the invention for a rotor blade of a wind turbine comprises an electrically conductive plate for insertion inside the rotor blade and an electrically conductive pin guided through the plate, which has at least one outer end area provided with a first coupling element, and at least one with a second coupling element provided with electrically conductive receptor, wherein a receptor is coupled by means of first and second coupling elements outside of the rotor blade with the pin.
  • the lightning protection device can thus be manufactured comparatively cheap.
  • Another advantage of the lightning protection device according to the invention is that the plate thickness does not depend on a minimum depth of thread, since the plate does not have to be coupled directly to a receptor. Thus, the plate can be comparatively thin and advantageously be introduced far in the direction of the blade tip.
  • the rotor blade according to the invention comprises at least one such lightning protection device. At least one receptor can each be mounted on the front or rear side of the rotor blade.
  • An advantage of the rotor blade according to the invention is that the effectiveness of the lightning protection device is increased by the shortened proximity of the receptor to the blade tip and the life of the rotor blade can be correspondingly long. Also, the total weight and the cost of the rotor blade can be kept relatively low, since a massive block of heavy steel inside the blade does not need to be installed.
  • the wind turbine according to the invention comprises at least one such rotor blade.
  • three rotor blades are attached to the hub of a wind turbine.
  • the discharges from the rotor blades are connected to the hub.
  • an arrangement made of carbon fiber brushes or similar a forwarding of the lightning current in a ground line which leads for example through an outer wall of the nacelle and further through the tower in the direction of the bottom or seabed.
  • An advantage of the wind turbine according to the invention is that the lightning protection devices for the rotor blades are relatively cheap and at the same time have a high efficiency. Thus, the wind turbine is reliably protected from the consequences of lightning.
  • a receptor on the outside of the sheet is electrically connected to a lead in the blade interior, so that the lightning current can be conducted to the earth conductor.
  • the plate is electrically connected inside the blade with such a lightning arrester.
  • the Abieiter can be held between the plate and a suitable clamping element.
  • edges of the lightning protection device have a rounding, e.g. the plate is preferably made without sharp edges. Such rounded edges prevent the formation of a corona leader, i. a hot plasma channel, which could promote a discharge inside the leaf.
  • Coupling between a receptor and the stylus can be achieved in different ways.
  • the pen and receptor can be plugged together by a suitable plug connection or a suitable snap closure.
  • one of the two objects to be screwed is provided with an external thread, and the other is provided with an internal thread.
  • the pin could have an internal thread in the end region, and the receptor could be provided with a projecting screw.
  • the receptor can be in the pen
  • the pin has an outer thread at an outer end, while the receptor is equipped with a corresponding threaded bushing.
  • the receptor can be screwed onto the pin like a threaded nut.
  • the external thread must thus be worked only at the outer end of the pin.
  • the pin can be guided by the blade inside through the plate and an outer wall of the rotor blade.
  • the pin may be provided at the end remaining in the rotor blade with a head which is used on the plate when the receptor is screwed on the outside of the other pin end. In this embodiment, some space in the blade interior is needed to move the pen from inside to outside.
  • the pin is guided from outside the rotor blade through the receiving block.
  • the relatively flat receiving block can advantageously be accommodated deep in the blade interior in the direction of the blade tip.
  • the plate is embedded or introduced in the outermost end of the blade tip.
  • the rotor blade is - during or after completion - provided with appropriate through holes.
  • two simple circular through holes can be sawn on opposite rotor blade sides per pin or milled out.
  • the pin may have two outer end portions of sufficient length, ie, the pin may "overhang" upon insertion on both sides of the rotor blade, and then two receptors may be attached or screwed to these overhanging end portions.
  • the plate for the passage of the pin on a smooth fürgangsboh- tion is machined without thread.
  • the through-hole may be formed as a simple bore having a substantially circular cross section for receiving a corresponding cylindrical pin.
  • pin or through hole may have any but complementary shapes.
  • pin and through hole each have a substantially rectangular cross-section.
  • a washer is placed between the plate and the receptor. When screwing a receptor, the corresponding washer between the receptor and plate is squeezed.
  • a washer made of a deformable and highly conductive material is particularly preferred.
  • a washer made of aluminum can be manufactured.
  • through-hole and pin have a tapered shape.
  • the pin it is sufficient if this has a tapered shape in the area of the through hole.
  • the end portions may have a simple cylindrical shape. If a receptor is attached to one or both end regions of the pen under tension, for example by The tapered portion offers a beneficial counteracting effect, particularly when the receptor adjacent to the "narrow" end is attracted to a greater degree, thus allowing a tight fit between the stylus and the receptor (s).
  • the pin starting at one end, may have a tapered or tapered shape over most of its length, so that the pin is worked out as a 'cone' in this section.
  • the pin may have a cylindrical and externally threaded end portion for receiving a receptor.
  • the pin may be configured so that the broad tail (the 'bottom' of the cone) remains outside the rotor blade. Thus, this wide tail itself can serve as a receptor.
  • a thread can be worked clockwise or anti-clockwise. If the pin is provided with an external thread on both end areas, one can be left-handed and the other clockwise. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, however, the direction of rotation of the thread on both end pieces of the pin is the same. For example, a right-handed external thread is worked out at both ends. In this embodiment, each receptor provides the other with an advantageous counter-pull during tightening.
  • a lightning current can amount to several thousand amperes, and values of 300 kA - 400 kA can be exceeded.
  • a receptor is preferably prepared as a solid solid.
  • a receptor can be made as a block or thick slice.
  • a good-conducting, stainless metal is used, for. As stainless steel.
  • the plate is as solid as possible, to lead a high current as directly as possible to the derivative. Because the plate is relatively thin, an advantageous high mass is instead achieved by a larger area. In a particularly preferred variant of the invention, the plate has a maximum thickness of 3 - 5 mm. The width and thickness of the plate are determined by a required conductor cross-section. For example, a plate of copper preferably has one
  • the pin fulfills an important function as an electrical connection between receptor and plate, it should also have the highest possible mass.
  • a maximum length of the pen is z. T. determined by the leaf thickness in the receptor area and the strength of the receptors. Therefore, an advantageous high mass of the pin can be achieved by a suitable diameter. In a particularly preferred
  • the receptor has a diameter of about 20 - 30 mm to accommodate a pin with a diameter of 8 - 12 mm can.
  • Figure 1 shows an embodiment of an inventive
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of a plate of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of a pin of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of a receptor of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 5 shows another embodiment of a lightning protection device 1 according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a lightning protection device 1 according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a lightning protection device 1 according to the invention.
  • the lightning protection device 1 is installed in the rotor blade tip 21 of a rotor blade 2.
  • the main components of the lightning protection device 1 in this embodiment are an electrically conductive plate 10 housed inside the rotor blade 2, and two electrically conductive receptors 12 externally mounted on both sides of the rotor blade 2.
  • the pin 11 can be pushed from the outside through the plate 10.
  • the pin 11 has an external thread on both end regions 110, and a receptor 12 is screwed on each of the two end regions 110. Simply by tightening the receptors 12 creates an advantageous inward pulling force F, which pulls the receptors to the washers 13 and the washers 13 to the plate. This results in a reliable electrical connection between receptors 12 and plate 10th
  • Figure 2 shows a perspective view of the plate 10 of Figure 1.
  • the plate 10 is worked on a piece of a suitable metal.
  • the figure shows that the plate 10 is relatively wide and flat.
  • the plate 10 may have a thickness Si 0 of only 3.0 mm, so that the plate 10 far into the
  • Blade tip can be accommodated.
  • Plate is then determined based on the required conductor cross-section.
  • a plate 10 made of copper may have a conductor cross-section of 50 mm 2 , so that an appropriate sene width bio of about 18 mm could be chosen for this example.
  • a hole 100 or a through hole 100 is milled or drilled for the later recording of
  • the plate 10 is preferably made of a relatively 'soft' material, for. As aluminum or an aluminum alloy. Such a soft metal can be used, since the preparation of a thread on the through hole 100 is dispensed with. Rather, the through hole 100 may have a simple or smooth inner wall 101.
  • a lightning current lead 3 is clamped between the plate 10 and a terminal block 4 by means of screws 40. As a result, an advantageous transition between the plate 10 and lightning current 3 is guaranteed.
  • the lightning current lead 3 can be led over the length of the rotor blade in the direction of the hub.
  • the plate is made without sharp edges to prevent the formation of a 'corona leaders' inside the blade. A 'leader' can therefore arise only from the receptor 12, so that a lightning strike is conducted exclusively through the receptor 12 via the plate 10 to the lightning current discharge 3.
  • Figure 3 shows a perspective view of the pin 11 of Figure 1.
  • the pin 11 can be made in one piece of a suitable 'hard' metal, for. For example, be made of corrosion-resistant steel.
  • the pin 11 has an external thread 111. This can be worked out as left-handed or right-handed thread 111. As already mentioned, both threads preferably have the same rotation, z. B. the threads are clockwise in both cases.
  • the middle region 112-ie the area later in the rotor blade-the pin 11 can have a simple, smooth surface.
  • the diameter Du of the pin 11 is determined on the basis of a desired volume (eg in order to be able to guide a certain maximum lightning current) and a predetermined length (for example the distance between the opposite sheet outer sides in the region of the pin 11).
  • Figure 4 shows a perspective view of a receptor 12 of Figure 1. This can also be in one piece from a suitable 'hard' metal, for. B. made of corrosion-resistant steel.
  • the receptor may have a height H 12 of 10 - 30 mm.
  • the receptor 12 has a threaded bushing 120, with a thread 121 which has been worked out to the thread 111 at the end portion 110 of the pin 11.
  • the receptor 12 can be easily bolted to the pin 11. If both external threads 111 have the same rotation, two receptors 12 can simply be screwed onto the pin in the opposite direction. As a result, an advantageously high compression can be achieved, so that a long-lasting screw connection is formed.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a lightning protection device 1 according to the invention.
  • the figure shows a conically extending pin 11 'with a first, wide end region 113 and a second, narrow end region 110.
  • passage openings 213, 210 having different diameters are developed in the rotor blade 2.
  • the plate 10 has a conical passage 100 '.
  • the pin 11 ' can thus be pushed by one side of the rotor blade 2 through the plate 10.
  • the narrow end portion 110 is provided with an external thread 111 as described above, so that a receptor 12 can be screwed on, and a washer 13 between receptor 12 and plate ensures a satisfactory electrical contact.
  • the broad end portion 113 of the "wedge” is designed so that it projects slightly above the leaf surface, and thus serves as receptor 12 '
  • the conical fit of the wide end portion 113 and the passage 100' provides a counterforce when screwing, so that the pin 11 'is pressed in the central area against the side walls of the conical passage 110'
  • the resulting pressure ensures an advantageous electrical connection between receptors, pin 11 'and plate 10.
  • FIG. 6 shows a wind turbine 5 according to the invention with three rotor blades 2.
  • Each rotor blade 2 has a lightning protection device 1 according to the invention in the blade tip 21.
  • a lightning strike on a receptor 12 can thus be safely led to a lightning current dissipation in the blade interior, to then be passed through a ground line 30 through hub 50, nacelle 51 and tower 52 in the ground or seabed.
  • FIG. 7 shows a part of a lightning protection device according to the prior art.
  • a block 70 is installed in the interior of the blade and a receptor 71 is attached to the outside of the rotor blade 2.
  • the receptor 71 is provided with a threaded pin 72 which is screwed into a threaded bushing 73 of the block 70 in the blade interior.
  • a lightning current lead 3 is clamped between block 70 and leaf inner surface.
  • the block 70 must have sufficient mass to withstand the lightning current.
  • the block 70 must have sufficient for the preparation of the threaded bush 73 material thickness S 7 o in order to receive the threaded pin 72 satisfactorily.
  • This required material thickness S 70 in turn means that the block 70 - and consequently also the receptor 71 - must occupy a disadvantageous large distance d 7 to the blade tip 21.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif (1) de protection contre la foudre destiné à une pale de rotor (2) d'une éolienne (5), comprenant une plaque (10) électriquement conductrice destinée à être introduite dans l'espace intérieur (20) de la pale de rotor (2), une broche (11) électriquement conductrice qui est guidée à travers la plaque (10) et qui comporte au moins une zone d'extrémité (110) extérieure, pourvue d'un premier élément d'accouplement (111), et au moins un récepteur (12) électriquement conducteur, pourvu d'un second élément d'accouplement (121), un récepteur (12) étant accouplé au moyen d'un premier et d'un second élément d'accouplement (111, 121) à la broche (11). En outre, l'invention concerne une pale de rotor et une éolienne.
PCT/EP2015/051128 2014-02-18 2015-01-21 Dispositif de protection contre la foudre WO2015124365A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014202951.1A DE102014202951A1 (de) 2014-02-18 2014-02-18 Blitzschutzvorrichtung
DE102014202951.1 2014-02-18

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015124365A1 true WO2015124365A1 (fr) 2015-08-27

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2015/051128 WO2015124365A1 (fr) 2014-02-18 2015-01-21 Dispositif de protection contre la foudre

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DE (1) DE102014202951A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015124365A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USD803163S1 (en) 2016-05-13 2017-11-21 Erico International Corporation Tip receptor mount for lightning protection systems
US10344743B2 (en) 2016-05-13 2019-07-09 Erico International Corporation Lightning protection system and method for wind turbine blades
CN110307127A (zh) * 2019-08-21 2019-10-08 吉林重通成飞新材料股份公司 一种海上碳纤维风电叶片防雷系统
CN113323822A (zh) * 2021-07-16 2021-08-31 上海风雷盾科技有限公司 一种风电叶片的防雷装置
US11608815B2 (en) * 2018-11-20 2023-03-21 Lm Wind Power A/S Wind turbine blade lightning protection system

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3299617B1 (fr) 2016-09-27 2020-12-16 Nordex Energy GmbH Récepteur d'atmosphériques pour une pale de rotor d'éoliennes
JP6573923B2 (ja) 2017-02-10 2019-09-11 エムエイチアイ ヴェスタス オフショア ウィンド エー／エス 風力発電施設および風力発電施設の運転方法
DK3884156T3 (da) * 2018-11-20 2024-07-22 Lm Wind Power As Vindmøllevinge med lynbeskyttelsessystem
EP4019772A1 (fr) * 2020-12-23 2022-06-29 Polytech A/S Système de protection contre la foudre pour une éolienne

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005031158A2 (fr) * 2003-09-29 2005-04-07 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Pale d'aerogenerateur, aerogenerateur, methode permettant d'obtenir un moyen de recepteur de foudre destine a une pale d'aerogenerateur, et utilisation de cet aerogenerateur
US20120020791A1 (en) * 2010-07-23 2012-01-26 Matthew Flemming Receptor for wind turbine blade lightning protection
US20130149153A1 (en) * 2011-12-09 2013-06-13 Euros Entwicklungsgesellschaft Fur Windkraftanlagen Mbh Wind turbine blade
WO2013084370A1 (fr) * 2011-12-09 2013-06-13 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Pale de turbine éolienne pour une turbine éolienne

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7766620B2 (en) * 2007-02-08 2010-08-03 General Electricc Company Rotor blade with a lightning protection unit, wind energy system having the same and a method for constructing a rotor blade

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005031158A2 (fr) * 2003-09-29 2005-04-07 Vestas Wind Systems A/S Pale d'aerogenerateur, aerogenerateur, methode permettant d'obtenir un moyen de recepteur de foudre destine a une pale d'aerogenerateur, et utilisation de cet aerogenerateur
US20120020791A1 (en) * 2010-07-23 2012-01-26 Matthew Flemming Receptor for wind turbine blade lightning protection
US20130149153A1 (en) * 2011-12-09 2013-06-13 Euros Entwicklungsgesellschaft Fur Windkraftanlagen Mbh Wind turbine blade
WO2013084370A1 (fr) * 2011-12-09 2013-06-13 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Pale de turbine éolienne pour une turbine éolienne

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USD803163S1 (en) 2016-05-13 2017-11-21 Erico International Corporation Tip receptor mount for lightning protection systems
US10344743B2 (en) 2016-05-13 2019-07-09 Erico International Corporation Lightning protection system and method for wind turbine blades
USD881136S1 (en) 2016-05-13 2020-04-14 Erico International Corporation Tip receptor mount for lightning protection systems
US11078889B2 (en) 2016-05-13 2021-08-03 Erico International Corporation Lightning protection system and method for wind turbine blades
US11608815B2 (en) * 2018-11-20 2023-03-21 Lm Wind Power A/S Wind turbine blade lightning protection system
CN110307127A (zh) * 2019-08-21 2019-10-08 吉林重通成飞新材料股份公司 一种海上碳纤维风电叶片防雷系统
CN113323822A (zh) * 2021-07-16 2021-08-31 上海风雷盾科技有限公司 一种风电叶片的防雷装置

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