WO2015123844A1 - Procédé d'estimation de rapport signal/bruit, dispositif d'estimation de rapport signal/bruit, programme informatique et support de stockage - Google Patents

Procédé d'estimation de rapport signal/bruit, dispositif d'estimation de rapport signal/bruit, programme informatique et support de stockage Download PDF

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WO2015123844A1
WO2015123844A1 PCT/CN2014/072322 CN2014072322W WO2015123844A1 WO 2015123844 A1 WO2015123844 A1 WO 2015123844A1 CN 2014072322 W CN2014072322 W CN 2014072322W WO 2015123844 A1 WO2015123844 A1 WO 2015123844A1
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Prior art keywords
snr
symbol sequence
region
estimation
symbols
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PCT/CN2014/072322
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English (en)
Inventor
Zhen Huang
Liang ZHUANG
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Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ)
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Priority to PCT/CN2014/072322 priority Critical patent/WO2015123844A1/fr
Publication of WO2015123844A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015123844A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/20—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received using signal quality detector
    • H04L1/206—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received using signal quality detector for modulated signals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of mobile communication technology, in particular to a signal-to-noise estimation method and a signal-to-noise estimation device used for a mobile communication system, a computer program and a storage medium.
  • SNR Signal-to-Noise ratio
  • the accuracy of the measurement result for the traditional SNR estimation method is closely associated with a real SNR and a modulation mode of a channel.
  • a real SNR of the channel is low or a high-order modulation mode (e.g., a 16 QAM mode or 64 QAM mode) is used, it will easily result in an error in a hard decision result, and as a result there will be an error in the SNR measurement result.
  • a high-order modulation mode e.g., a 16 QAM mode or 64 QAM mode
  • An object of embodiments herein is to provide an SNR estimation method, an SNR estimation device, a computer program and a storage medium, so as to improve the accuracy of an SNR measurement result.
  • embodiments herein provide an SNR estimation method used for a communication system in which the modulation is performed on the basis of a constellation diagram, comprising:
  • the first judgment result indicates that the first estimated SNR is greater than or equal to the first SNR estimation threshold, using the first estimated SNR as the current SNR estimation result, wherein, among the deleted symbols, a difference between distances from at least a part of the symbols to adjacent constellation points of the constellation diagram is less than a predetermined distance threshold.
  • the predetermined SNR estimation threshold is associated with a modulation mode, and the first SNR estimation threshold corresponding to a high-order modulation mode is greater than the first SNR estimation threshold corresponding to a low-order modulation mode.
  • the step of calculating the second estimated SNR as the measurement result to be output by using the modified symbol sequence comprises:
  • the outermost constellation points of the constellation diagram form a parallelogram region
  • the step of deleting the part of symbols from the original symbol sequence so as to obtain the modified symbol sequence comprises: deleting the symbols within a first region of the constellation diagram from the original symbol sequence so as to obtain the modified symbol sequence, wherein the first region is the parallelogram region of the constellation diagram.
  • the outermost constellation points of the constellation diagram form the parallelogram region
  • the step of deleting the part of symbols from the original symbol sequence so as to obtain the modified symbol sequence comprises: deleting the symbols within a second region of the constellation diagram from the original symbol sequence so as to obtain the modified symbol sequence, wherein the second region comprises a region delimited by straight lines where a pair of parallel edges of the parallelogram region are located and a region delimited by straight lines where the other pair of parallel edges of the parallelogram region are located.
  • the outermost constellation points of the constellation diagram form the parallelogram region
  • the step of deleting the part of symbols from the original symbol sequence so as to obtain the modified symbol sequence comprises:
  • the first estimated SNR is greater than the second SNR estimation threshold
  • the second SNR estimation threshold is less than the first SNR estimation threshold
  • the first region is the parallelogram region of the constellation diagram
  • the second region comprises the region delimited by the straight lines where a pair of parallel edges of the parallelogram region are located and the region delimited by the straight lines where the other pair of parallel edges of the
  • embodiments herein further provide an SNR estimation device used for a communication system in which the modulation is performed on the basis of a constellation diagram, comprising:
  • a first estimation module configured to calculate a first estimated SNR by using an original symbol sequence
  • a first judgment module configured to judge whether the first estimated SNR is less than a predetermined first SNR estimation threshold, so as to obtain a first judgment result
  • a modified estimation output module configured to, when the first judgment result indicates that the first estimated SNR is less than the first SNR estimation threshold, delete a number of symbols from the original symbol sequence to obtain a modified symbol sequence, and calculate a second estimated SNR as a current SNR estimation result by using the modified symbol sequence; and an output module configured to, when the first judgment result indicates that the first estimated SNR is greater than or equal to the first SNR estimation threshold, use the first estimated SNR as the current SNR estimation result,
  • a difference between distances from at least a part of the symbols to adjacent constellation points of the constellation diagram is less than a predetermined distance threshold.
  • the predetermined SNR estimation threshold is associated with a modulation mode, and the first SNR estimation threshold corresponding to a high-order modulation mode is greater than the first SNR estimation threshold corresponding to a low-order modulation mode.
  • the modified estimation output module is configured to calculate the second estimated SNR by:
  • the outermost constellation points of the constellation diagram form a parallelogram region
  • the modified estimation output module is configured to delete the symbols within a first region of the constellation diagram from the original symbol sequence so as to obtain the modified symbol sequence, wherein the first region is the parallelogram region of the constellation diagram.
  • the outermost constellation points of the constellation diagram form the parallelogram region
  • the modified estimation output module is configured to delete the symbols within a second region of the constellation diagram from the original symbol sequence so as to obtain the modified symbol sequence, wherein the second region comprises a region delimited by straight lines where a pair of parallel edges of the parallelogram region are located and a region delimited by straight lines where the other pair of parallel edges of the parallelogram region are located.
  • the outermost constellation points of the constellation diagram form the parallelogram region
  • the modified estimation output module is configured to, when the first estimated SNR is greater than the second SNR estimation threshold, delete the symbols within the first region of the constellation diagram from the original symbol sequence so as to obtain the modified symbol sequence, and otherwise delete the symbols within the second region of the constellation diagram from the original symbol sequence so as to obtain the modified symbol sequence, wherein the second SNR estimation threshold is less than the first SNR estimation threshold, the first region is the parallelogram region of the constellation diagram, and the second region comprises the region delimited by the straight lines where a pair of parallel edges of the parallelogram region are located and the region delimited by the straight lines where the other pair of parallel edges of the parallelogram region are located.
  • embodiments herein further provide a computer program consisting of instructions capable of being executed by a processor so as to implement the above-mentioned SNR estimation method.
  • embodiments herein further provide a storage medium storing therein the above-mentioned computer program.
  • the symbols that may most likely result in an error in the hard decision i.e., the symbols with a small difference between the distances to the adjacent constellation points
  • the hard decision and the SNR estimation are performed by using the remaining symbols, so as to improve the accuracy of the SNR estimation.
  • the possibility of an error in the hard decision for the remaining symbols will be remarkably reduced, and thereby the accuracy of the SNR estimation will be improved.
  • Fig.1 is a schematic view showing a position where the SNR measurement is performed in the prior art
  • Figs.2-3 are schematic views showing the distribution of symbols before the demodulation in a constellation diagram when the modulation is performed in a QPSK mode in a high-SN channel environment and a low-SNR channel environment, respectively;
  • FIGs.4, 5 and 6 are schematic views showing estimated SNRs of a channel at different actual SNRs when the modulation is performed in a QPSK mode, a 16 QAM mode and a 64QAM mode in a traditional method;
  • Fig- 7 is a flow chart of an SNR estimation method
  • Fig.8 is a schematic view showing the offset of the symbols in the constellation diagram
  • Figs.9-11 are schematic views showing a region where the deleted symbols are located in the case that the QPSK mode, the 16 QAM mode and the 64 QAM mode are used, respectively;
  • Fig.12 is another schematic view showing the region where the deleted symbols are located in the case that the 64 QAM mode is used;
  • Figs.13- 15 are schematic views showing a second region where the deleted symbols are located in the case that the QPSK mode, the 16QAM mode and the 64QAM mode are used, respectively;
  • Fig.16 is a schematic view showing an SNR estimation device.
  • Figs.17-21 are schematic views showing simulation results of the SNR estimation method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • the inventor upon a large number of experiments, finds that, in a traditional SNR estimation method, a difference between an estimated SNR and a real SNR is too big when the real SNR is less than a threshold, and the inaccuracy of the SNR estimation will lead to a decrease in the system performance.
  • Fig.2 is a schematic view showing the distribution of symbols before the demodulation in a constellation diagram when the modulation is performed in a QPSK mode in a high-SNR channel environment in the traditional SNR estimation method.
  • a relatively accurate hard decision result will be obtained, so an accurate estimated SNR (an SNR measurement value) will be calculated according to the hard decision result.
  • Fig.3 is a schematic view showing the distribution of the symbols before the demodulation in the constellation diagram when the modulation is performed in the QPSK mode in a low-SNR channel environment in the traditional SNR estimation method.
  • a number of symbols enter the other quadrants of the constellation diagram (a part of the symbols will enter the coverage of the other constellation points when a higher-order modulation mode is used), and this will result in an error in the hard decision result.
  • the erroneous hard decision result will lead to an error in the noise power calculation, and thereby the estimated SNR calculated on the basis of the erroneous noise power will be deviated from the real SNR.
  • Fig.4 shows the estimated SNR of a channel at different real SNRs when the modulation is performed in the QPSK mode in the traditional SNR estimation method. As shown in Fig.4, the smaller the real SNR of the channel, the more serious the estimated SNR being deviated from the real SNR.
  • Figs.5 and 6 show the estimated SNRs of the channel at different real
  • embodiments herein provide an SNR estimation method used for a communication system in which the modulation is performed on the basis of a constellation diagram, comprising:
  • Step 701 calculating a first estimated SNR by using an original symbol sequence;
  • Step 702 judging whether the first estimated SNR is less than a predetermined first SNR estimation threshold, so as to obtain a first judgment result;
  • Step 703 when the first judgment result indicates that the first estimated SNR is less than the first SNR estimation threshold, deleting a number of symbols from the original symbol sequence to obtain a modified symbol sequence, and calculating a second estimated SNR as a current SNR estimation result by using the modified symbol sequence;
  • Step 704 when the first judgment result indicates that the first estimated SNR is greater than or equal to the first SNR estimation threshold, using the first estimated SNR as the current SNR estimation result.
  • a difference between distances from at least a part of the symbols to adjacent constellation points of the constellation diagram is less than a predetermined distance threshold.
  • adjacent constellation points refer to any two constellation points without any other constellation point therebetween.
  • the predetermined SNR estimation threshold is associated with the modulation mode, and the first SNR estimation threshold corresponding to the high-order modulation mode is greater than the first SNR estimation threshold corresponding to the low-order modulation mode.
  • the terms "high-order modulation mode” and "low-order modulation mode” are relative to each other.
  • the first SNR estimation thresholds Tl are set with respect to the QPSK mode, the 16QAM mode and the 64QAM mode as follows:
  • the setting of the SNR estimation thresholds as mentioned above is merely a preferred one, and as compared with the prior art, the system performance will also be improved by setting the SNR estimation thresholds as the other values.
  • the regions within which the symbols are more likely to result in an error in the hard device will be described hereinafter by taking the constellation diagram in Fig.8 as an example. At this time, the constellation points within these regions will be deleted, and the symbols that are less likely to result in an error in the hard decision will be reserved, so as to improve the accuracy of the SN estimation.
  • the transmitting end to a constellation point A may be distributed, due to the noise or other causes, in a circle around the constellation point A and with a radius of R, it can be found that, at a receiving end, the symbol may be distributed at any possible positions such as Al -A4.
  • the symbol that should have been decided as A will be decided as B, C or D, and as a result, an error in the hard decision will occur.
  • the system may determine the offset of the symbol in the constellation diagram due to the noise as X, while in fact the offset of the symbol due to the noise is R, a value considerably greater than X.
  • the estimated SNR is too big.
  • the predetermined distance threshold is set as the distance between two constellation points, for example, in the symbols in a second quadrant, the symbol with a distance to the adjacent constellation point less than the predetermined threshold will certainly be more likely to result in an error in the hard decision than the symbol with a distance to the adjacent constellation point greater than the predetermined threshold.
  • the symbol within a region filled with dots i.e., the symbol with a difference between the distances to the constellation points A and B less than
  • the symbol within a region X i.e., the symbol with a difference between the distances to the constellation points A and B greater than R.
  • the symbols within the region filled with dots may be the symbols that should have been modulated to the constellation point A.
  • the symbols within a region Z filled with oblique lines may be the symbols that should have been modulated to the
  • the symbols within the region Z may be most likely to result in an error in the hard decision.
  • the outermost constellation points of the constellation diagram will form a parallelogram region (e.g., a square region in
  • the step of deleting a number of symbols from the original symbol sequence so as to obtain a modified symbol sequence comprises: deleting the symbols within a first region of the constellation diagram from the original symbol sequence so as to obtain the modified symbol sequence, wherein the first region is the parallelogram region of the constellation diagram.
  • Figs.9-11 are schematic views showing the parallelogram regions (the blank regions) where the deleted symbols are located in the QPSK mode, the 16QAM mode and the 64QAM mode respectively.
  • Figs.9-11 merely show one kind of the constellation diagrams, and the other constellation diagrams obtained by rotating the diagram as shown in Figs.9- 11 may also be applied to embodiments herein, e.g., the constellation diagram as shown in Fig.12.
  • the above deletion mode the symbols that will be more likely to result in an error in the hard decision will be removed.
  • the above deletion mode may be insufficient to ensure the accuracy of the SN estimation.
  • a second deletion mode is provided, so as to reduce the possibility of errors in the hard decision for the remaining symbols.
  • the step of deleting the part of symbols from the original symbol sequence so as to obtain the modified symbol sequence comprises: deleting the symbols within a second region of the constellation diagram from the original symbol sequence to obtain the modified symbol sequence, wherein the second region comprises a region delimited by straight lines where a pair of parallel edges of the parallelogram region are located, and a region delimited by straight lines where the other pair of parallel edges of the parallelogram region are located.
  • Figs.13-15 are schematic views showing the second region (the blank region) where the deleted symbols are located in the QPSK mode, the 16QAM mode and the 64QAM mode, respectively.
  • the second region comprises a region delimited by two horizontal, virtual lines and a region delimited by two vertical, virtual lines. These two regions overlap with each other, and in fact, the second region is a "union" of these two regions. Based on the above-mentioned descriptions, it can be found that, the remaining symbols within the four regions filled with oblique lines will be less likely to result in an error in the hard decision.
  • These two deletion modes provided in embodiments herein may be individually used in a communication system in any modulation mode, e.g., the QPSK mode, the 16QAM mode or the 64QAM mode.
  • deletion modes may be used in the same modulation mode in embodiments herein, so as to provide a more accurate SNR estimation result in the case that a certain requirement on the consistency is met.
  • the step of deleting the part of symbols from the original symbol sequence so as to obtain the modified symbol sequence comprises:
  • the first SN estimation thresholds Tl may be set with respect to the QPSK mode, the 16QAM mode and the 64QAM mode as follows:
  • the second SNR estimation threshold is set as lOdB with respect to the 16QAM mode, and as 12dB with respect to the 64QAM mode.
  • both the calculation of the first estimated SNR by using the original symbol sequence and the calculation of the second estimated SNR by using the modified symbol sequence may be carried out by performing the hard decision on the original symbol sequence/the modified symbol sequence to obtain a first symbol sequence, calculating the noise power according to the first symbol sequence, and calculating the estimated SNR according to the noise power.
  • the hard decision process in the QPSK mode is shown as follows:
  • the noise power NP is calculated according to S , i.e.,
  • NP ⁇ ( - ⁇ (
  • SNR 10 * logiSNR _ leaner) .
  • it is required to delete a number of symbols, and the deletion thereof may result in that a few symbols will participate in the SNR estimation, especially in such a high-order modulation mode as 64QAM. As a result, a statistical feature of the SNR estimation will be reduced, and a covariance of the SNR estimation result will be amplified.
  • the second estimated SNR obtained by the smoothing process may be calculated as follows:
  • SNR _ finalin represents a currently-calculated SNR estimation intermediate value for the n th frame
  • a(i) represents a smoothing filter coefficient with a value greater than 0, and a sum of all a(i) is 1.
  • a first estimation module configured to calculate a first estimated SNR based on an original symbol sequence output by joint detection
  • a first judgment module configured to judge whether the first estimated SNR is less than a predetermined first SNR estimation threshold, so as to obtain a first judgment result
  • a modified estimation output module configured to, when the first judgment result indicates that the first estimated SNR is less than the first SNR estimation threshold, delete a number of symbols from the original symbol sequence to obtain a modified symbol sequence, and calculate a second estimated SNR as a current SNR estimation result by using the modified symbol sequence;
  • an output module configured to, when the first judgment result indicates that the first estimated SNR is greater than or equal to the first SNR estimation threshold, use the first estimated SNR as the current SNR estimation result.
  • a difference between distances from at least a part of the symbols to adjacent constellation points of the constellation diagram is less than a predetermined distance threshold.
  • the first estimation module and the modified estimation output module are specifically configured to calculate the estimated SNR by: performing hard decision on the original symbol sequence/the modified symbol sequence, so as to obtain a first symbol sequence;
  • the predetermined SNR estimation threshold is associated with a modulation mode, and the first SNR estimation threshold corresponding to a high-order modulation mode is greater than the first SNR estimation threshold corresponding to a low-order modulation mode.
  • the modified estimation output module is configured to calculate the second estimated SNR by:
  • the outermost constellation points of the constellation diagram form a parallelogram region
  • the modified estimation output module is configured to delete the symbols within a first region of the constellation diagram from the original symbol sequence so as to obtain the modified symbol sequence, wherein the first region is the parallelogram region of the constellation diagram.
  • a modulation mode used by the communication system is a QPASK mode.
  • the outermost constellation points of the constellation diagram form the parallelogram region
  • the modified estimation output module is configured to delete the symbols within a second region of the constellation diagram from the original symbol sequence so as to obtain the modified symbol sequence, wherein the second region comprises a region delimited by straight lines where a pair of parallel edges of the parallelogram region are located and a region delimited by straight lines where the other pair of parallel edges of the parallelogram region are located.
  • the outermost constellation points of the constellation diagram form the parallelogram region
  • the modified estimation output module is configured to, when the first estimated SNR is greater than the second SNR estimation threshold, delete the symbols within the first region of the constellation diagram from the original symbol sequence so as to obtain the modified symbol sequence, and otherwise delete the symbols within the second region of the constellation diagram from the original symbol sequence so as to obtain the modified symbol sequence, wherein the second SNR estimation threshold is less than the first SNR estimation threshold, the first region is the parallelogram region of the constellation diagram, and the second region comprises the region delimited by straight lines where a pair of parallel edges of the parallelogram region are located and the region delimited by straight lines where the other pair of parallel edges of the parallelogram region are located.
  • a modulation mode used by the communication system is a 16QAM mode or a 64QAM mode.
  • the method of embodiments herein has the following advantages. In a low-SNR environment, it is able to select the more reliable symbols from the original symbol sequence for the subsequent calculation, and as compared with the prior art, the SNR estimation result obtained in embodiments herein is more reliable.
  • 16QAM mode or the 64QAM mode is transmitted at a transmitting end, the white Gaussian noise is added to the symbol, and then the SNR is estimated at a receiving end.
  • the first deletion mode is used to select the symbols
  • the second deletion mode is used to select the symbols.
  • the first deletion mode when the first estimated SNR is within a range from lOdB to 15dB, the first deletion mode is used to select the symbols, and when the first estimated SNR is less than lOdB, the second deletion mode is used to select the symbols.
  • the first deletion mode when the first estimated SNR is within a range from 12dB to 17dB, the first deletion mode is used to select the symbols, and when the first estimated SNR is less than 12dB, the second deletion mode is used to select the symbols.
  • the smoothing process may be performed by using the following equation:
  • the smoothing process is performed on the SNR estimation results of five subframes. Also, it may be performed on the SNR estimation results of two or more subframes, and the number of the subframes may be selected according to the practical need.
  • Figs.17-19 are schematic views showing the simulation results when one of the deletion modes is used individually to select the symbols.
  • a curve with dots which represents the real SNRs
  • a curve with inverted triangles which represents the estimated SNRs obtained after the SNR estimation is performed on the symbols selected by using the first deletion mode individually
  • a curve with regular triangles which represents the estimated SNRs obtained after the SNR estimation is performed on the symbols selected by using the second deletion mode individually
  • a curve with blocks which represents the estimated SNRs obtained by using the traditional SNR estimation method.
  • the method of embodiments herein can reduce the SNR estimation error.
  • a high-order modulation mode such as the 16QAM mode
  • the real SNR is OdB
  • an increase of more than 5dB in the accuracy will be achieved if any one of the deletion modes is used, and for the 64QAM mode, an increase of at least lOdB will be achieved.
  • Figs.20-21 are schematic views showing the simulation results when an appropriate deletion mode is selected according to the first estimated SNR so as to select the symbols.
  • Figs.20-21 correspond to the 16QAM mode and the 64QAM mode, respectively.
  • there are three curves i.e., a curve with dots, which represents the real SNRs, a curve with regular triangles, which represents the estimated SNRs obtained after the SNR estimation is performed on the symbols selected by using an appropriate deletion mode selected according to the first estimated SNR, and a curve with blocks, which represents the estimated SNRs obtained by using the traditional SNR estimation method.
  • the SNR estimation method of embodiments herein may be carried out via hardware and/or software, so it may be carried out by a processor such as a general purpose processor or a signal processor.
  • a computer program including a program code and stored in a computer-readable medium may be loaded into a computer and executed by the processor, so as to carry out the SNR estimation method.
  • Embodiments herein further provide a storage medium storing therein the above-mentioned computer program.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé d'estimation de rapport signal/bruit (SNR) utilisé pour un système de communication dans lequel la modulation est effectuée d'après un diagramme de constellation comprend les étapes consistant à : calculer un premier SNR estimé en utilisant une séquence de symboles originale ; lorsque le premier SNR estimé est inférieur à un premier seuil d'estimation de SNR, supprimer un certain nombre de symboles de la séquence de symboles originaux pour obtenir une séquence de symboles modifiée et calculer un deuxième SNR estimé en tant que résultat d'estimation de SNR courant en utilisant la séquence de symboles modifiée ; et lorsque le premier SNR estimé est supérieur ou égal au premier seuil d'estimation de SNR, utiliser le premier SNR estimé en tant que résultat d'estimation de SNR courant ; dans lequel procédé, parmi les symboles supprimés, une différence entre les distances entre au moins une partie des symboles et les points de constellation adjacents du diagramme de constellation est inférieure à un seuil de distance prédéterminé. Le procédé est capable d'améliorer la précision de l'estimation du SNR.
PCT/CN2014/072322 2014-02-20 2014-02-20 Procédé d'estimation de rapport signal/bruit, dispositif d'estimation de rapport signal/bruit, programme informatique et support de stockage WO2015123844A1 (fr)

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