WO2015122006A1 - Air-conditioning device for small vehicle - Google Patents

Air-conditioning device for small vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015122006A1
WO2015122006A1 PCT/JP2014/053607 JP2014053607W WO2015122006A1 WO 2015122006 A1 WO2015122006 A1 WO 2015122006A1 JP 2014053607 W JP2014053607 W JP 2014053607W WO 2015122006 A1 WO2015122006 A1 WO 2015122006A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cooling
storage material
cold storage
cold
small
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2014/053607
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
日出夫 鶴巻
隆之 森田
憲昭 澤出
明 山岸
厚志 北野
明和 泰道
Original Assignee
株式会社Ｆｏｍｍ
大同工業株式会社
日本特殊陶業株式会社
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Application filed by 株式会社Ｆｏｍｍ, 大同工業株式会社, 日本特殊陶業株式会社 filed Critical 株式会社Ｆｏｍｍ
Priority to PCT/JP2014/053607 priority Critical patent/WO2015122006A1/en
Publication of WO2015122006A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015122006A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
    • F25B21/02—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects using Peltier effect; using Nernst-Ettinghausen effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
    • B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
    • B60H1/00392—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00478—Air-conditioning devices using the Peltier effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00492—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices comprising regenerative heating or cooling means, e.g. heat accumulators
    • B60H1/005—Regenerative cooling means, e.g. cold accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/24—Storage receiver heat

Definitions

  • the cooling system enables cold storage while running the front air conditioner during traveling, and is composed of a method of solidifying the cold storage material in the cold storage pack sandwiched between the tubes of the finless evaporator. Consists of large, complex and large equipment. For this reason, the cooling system cannot be applied to a cooling device for a small vehicle such as the above-described ultra-small electric vehicle in terms of space and cost.
  • the present invention relates to a cooling device for a small vehicle that travels with a small power source, A cool storage material container (35) for storing the cool storage material; A cooling radiator (39) having a cooling fan (40);
  • the vehicle body (3) includes a blowout member (20) for blowing air passing through the cooling radiator toward the inside of the vehicle body by the cooling fan,
  • the cool storage material (36) stored in the cool storage material container (35) stored by a power source other than the power source for running and the refrigerant heat-exchanged in the cool storage material container are used as the cooling radiator (39).
  • the cooling device for a small vehicle is characterized in that the cool air that is circulated between the cooling air and the heat is exchanged with the refrigerant by the cooling radiator is blown out from the blowing member (20).
  • the cold storage material container is also replaced, and cold air can be blown into the vehicle body using the cold storage material stored in the replaced cold storage material container. Further, if necessary, the number of cold storage material containers mounted in the vehicle body can be increased to obtain a desired cooling time.
  • the cooling means is arranged in the vehicle body, and the cooling means is driven by the external power source while the vehicle is stopped, so that the complete cooling device can be arranged in the small vehicle.
  • the small power source that travels the small vehicle is an electric motor having a rated output of 15 [kW] or less
  • the electric motor battery (7) is provided in the small vehicle, and when the battery is charged, the cooling means (12a) is driven by the external power source to cool the cold storage material.
  • the cooling means when applied to a micro electric vehicle (mobility) having a rated output of 15 kW or less and charging a battery for an electric motor, the cooling means can be driven to store cold in the regenerator material. .
  • the cooling means is a thermoelectric conversion element such as a Peltier element (23).
  • the cooling means is a thermoelectric conversion element such as a Peltier element, it can be placed in a vehicle body with limited installation space due to its small size and light weight, and can be charged in a home garage at night. However, even if the cooling means is driven at that time, no noise is generated because the cooling means is a thermoelectric conversion element such as a Peltier element.
  • a heat exchange part (51) is arranged in the cold storage material container (35), In the case of the cold storage mode, the refrigerant is circulated between the cooling means (12a) and the heat exchange unit (51) to solidify the cold storage material, In the case of the cooling mode, the refrigerant is circulated between the cooling radiator (39) and the heat exchange part (51) to melt the cold storage material.
  • a common heat exchange unit is arranged in the cold storage material container, and in the cold storage mode, the refrigerant is circulated between the cooling means and the heat exchange unit. Since the refrigerant is circulated between the cold radiator and the heat exchanging section, the cool storage means can be easily solidified and melted with a simple device, and cold air can be efficiently obtained.
  • a plurality of the cold storage material containers (35) are arranged on the vehicle body (3), In the cold storage mode, the cooling means is driven to solidify the cold storage materials of the plurality of cold storage material containers, In the cooling mode, heat is sequentially exchanged between the cool storage materials of the plurality of cool storage material containers and the cooling radiator.
  • the solidified cold storage material is supplied to the cold storage material container (35).
  • the solidified regenerator material or the ice of the refrigerator in the home is supplied to the regenerator container in the vehicle body, which is obtained by the dedicated cooler device arranged in the charging stand or the like, without arranging the regenerator device in the vehicle body.
  • a cooling device for a small vehicle can be obtained with a simple device.
  • the cool storage material container is composed of a thermos bottle, it is possible to reduce the cool storage material from dissipating heat wastefully even when the cool storage material is in a cold storage state.
  • the small power vehicle for traveling on the small vehicle is small and has insufficient capacity to drive the cooling means. Even in this case, a cooling device can be provided.
  • the side view which shows the outline of the micro electric vehicle to which this invention is applied.
  • the perspective view which shows the front part of the vehicle by this Embodiment.
  • the end view which shows the front part of the vehicle of this Embodiment.
  • the exploded view which shows the air conditioner for small vehicles by this Embodiment.
  • a battery 7 such as a lithium ion battery or a sealed lead battery is mounted on the lower portion of the vehicle body 3.
  • a charger 9, a controller 10, a cooling device 12, and a steering handle 13 extending toward the driver's seat 6a are arranged.
  • the battery 7 is not limited to a rechargeable type, and may be a battery that is replaced by a stand or the like.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the front portion of the vehicle body as viewed obliquely from above.
  • the steering handle 13 is composed of a bar handle having grips 13a and 13b at both ends, and is arranged offset toward the right side toward the front.
  • the right handle 13a portion of the bar handle is provided with an output operation portion (accelerator operation portion) 15, and the left grip 13b portion is provided with operation portions such as a left / right flasher lamp, a horn and a headlight beam.
  • front and rear brake levers 16a and 16b are provided at the left and right grip portions.
  • a vehicle control unit (ECU) 17 is disposed at the center front portion of the handle 13, and a display device can be connected to the vehicle control unit.
  • ECU vehicle control unit
  • the charger 9 is arranged at the upper center of the front portion of the vehicle body 3, and the front portion of the charger 9 protrudes from the center of the vehicle body 3 to the outside and feeds power. 19 is provided.
  • the blowing member 20 of the cooling device 12 is disposed so as to protrude upward.
  • a controller 10 that controls the output of the in-wheel motor 2a is disposed on the left side of the charger 9 in front.
  • a power supply control unit (EPS / ECU) 21 and a cooling controller 22 such as an AC / DC converter are arranged below that, that is, on the lower left side of the front part of the vehicle body.
  • EPS / ECU power supply control unit
  • a cooling controller 22 such as an AC / DC converter
  • the cooling device 12 includes a cooling unit 12 a, a cool storage unit 12 b, and a cooling unit 12 c.
  • the cooling unit 12a includes a thermoelectric conversion element 23 (hereinafter, referred to as a Peltier element as a representative) such as a Peltier element that constitutes a cooling drive unit (cooling means).
  • the plate 25 is closely arranged.
  • a heat dissipation radiator 27 having a heat dissipation fan 26 is disposed adjacent to the heat dissipation plate 25, and the heat dissipation plate 25 and the heat dissipation radiator 27 are connected by a heat pipe 29 to generate heat from the heat generating surface of the Peltier element 23. Is transmitted to the heat radiating plate 25, further transmitted to the heat radiating radiator 27 by circulation of water in the heat pipe 29, and radiated to the atmosphere by the radiating fan 26.
  • the cold storage unit 12b has a cold storage container 35 made of a heat insulating material, and the cold storage material 36 is accommodated in the container.
  • a thermos bottle is used as the cold storage material container 35.
  • the cold storage material 36 may be water, in the case where the Peltier element 23 is used as a cooling means, the effect of the Peltier element is reduced when the temperature difference between the heat generation surface and the heat absorption surface increases. Then, as the cold storage material 36, a paraffinic cold storage material having a melting point of 16.5 [° C.] is used as the cold storage material 36. The temperature of the cold storage material 36 is detected by a temperature sensor 38.
  • the cooling unit 12c has a cooling radiator 39 arranged with the heat exchange surface horizontal, and a cooling fan 40 is arranged adjacent to the upper surface (or lower surface) of the cooling radiator 39. . It arrange
  • the hood 20 has a skirt portion 42 that expands on the lower side, and a cylindrical portion 43 that protrudes upward at a central portion of the skirt portion, and the cylindrical portion 43 is vertically moved as shown in FIGS.
  • the divided upper and lower cylindrical portions 43a and 43b are respectively provided with outlets 45a and 45b that are adjusted so as to face the occupants on the seat. As shown in FIGS.
  • the skirt portion 42 and the cooling fan 40 are surrounded by a covering plate 44, and the air by the cooling fan 40 passing through the cooling radiator 39 is substantially the same. The whole amount is led to the hood 20.
  • a large number of slits 46 formed radially in the skirt portion 42 may be formed.
  • a drain receiving member 47 is disposed below the cooling radiator 39 disposed in the horizontal direction so as to cover the horizontal area of the cooling radiator 39, and a vehicle body is disposed at the bottom of the drain receiving member 47. 3 is provided with a connecting port 47a connected to a drain pipe led outside. The temperature of the air that has passed through the cooling radiator 39 is detected by a temperature sensor 48.
  • the cooling radiator 39 is connected to heat radiation side and return side pipes 49a and 49b for circulating an antifreeze liquid as a refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant in the pipes 49a and 49b is circulated by a cooling pump 50.
  • the other end portions of the heat absorption side and return side pipes 31a and 31b and the cooling side and return side pipes 49a and 49b penetrate the lid 35a of the cold storage material container 35 and are led into the containers.
  • a common heat exchanging portion (tube and fin) 51 formed in a spiral shape.
  • the heat absorption side and cool side pipes 31 a and 49 a are connected to the lower part of the common heat exchange part 51, and the return side pipes 31 b and 49 b are connected to the upper part of the common heat exchange part 51. is doing. Therefore, the refrigerant in the heat absorption side pipes 31a and 31b and the refrigerant in the cool side pipes 49a and 49b are respectively heat-exchanged by the regenerator 36 and the heat exchange unit 51 filled and sealed in the container 35.
  • FIG. 5 shows an operation and display unit provided in a display device connected to the cooling device 12 or the vehicle control unit 17.
  • the operation and display unit 60 includes the push button switches 54, 52, and 53 for cold storage, cold storage, and cold air, and the respective display units 54a, 52a, and 53a that display their operation by lighting, and the completion of cold storage, during cold storage, and no cold storage.
  • Display units 55, 56, and 57 that display by lighting.
  • the micro electric vehicle 1 is connected to a power source for quotient (home) of 100 [V] or 200 [V] at the power supply port 19 in a state where it is stopped at a parking lot or the like,
  • the battery 9 rectifies and smoothes the direct current by the charger 9 and charges the battery 7.
  • the power of the commercial power supply is also supplied to the cooling controller 22 while the traveling battery 7 is being charged.
  • the Peltier element 23 that is the cooling unit 12a of the cooling device 12 is energized from the cooling controller 22 and supplied to the heat radiating fan 26 and the heat absorbing pump 32 to drive them. That is, the Peltier element 23 that is a cooling means is directly driven from a commercial power source that is a power source different from the traveling battery 7, and is therefore driven by a power source other than the traveling battery.
  • the cold storage mode is set and the display unit 54a is turned on to notify the driver that the cold storage mode is in effect. Accordingly, when the cooling is necessary in summer or the like, when the cold storage button switch 54 is pressed once and the cold storage mode is set, the cold storage mode is automatically activated when the traveling battery 7 is charged. Is completed, the cold storage mode is stopped, but the display unit 54a is kept in a lit state and is prepared for the next battery charging. When the cool storage button switch 54 is pressed again, the cool storage mode is released. Note that the cold storage mode may be stopped by operating the cold storage mode every time the cold storage switch 54 is pressed and completing the cold storage mode or pressing the switch again.
  • the cold heat of the endothermic surface of the Peltier element 23 is transferred to the endothermic radiator 30 through the endothermic plate 28 and further cooled by the refrigerant (antifreeze) in the pipes 31a and 31b circulated by the endothermic pump 32. It is transmitted to the cold storage material 36 in 35. That is, the refrigerant in the endothermic pipe 31a is sent to the endothermic radiator 30 by the endothermic pump 32, cooled by the endothermic radiator 30, and the cooled refrigerant exchanges heat in the container 35 through the return side pipe 31b. Sent to the unit 51.
  • the cooled refrigerant sent to the upper part of the heat exchange unit 51 exchanges heat with the cold storage material 36 in the container 35 while moving from the upper part to the lower part of the spiral heat exchange part 51.
  • the temperature is reduced, and the cold storage material is solidified and stored.
  • the temperature of the regenerator material is detected by a temperature sensor 38.
  • the temperature sensor detects a predetermined temperature for stabilization to the solidification temperature of the regenerator material 36
  • energization of the Peltier element 23 is stopped,
  • the drive of the endothermic pump 32 is stopped. Thereby, the cold storage mode is completed.
  • the heat dissipation fan 26 continues to be driven until the temperature of the heat dissipation plate 25 decreases to near the outside air temperature, and then stops.
  • the temperature sensor 38 detects that the cold storage material 36 has risen to a predetermined temperature based on the melting temperature in the cold insulation mode in which the cold insulation push button switch 52 is pressed, the power supply to the Peltier element 23 and the heat absorption pump 32, the heat radiation fan are detected.
  • the cold storage mode in which 26 is driven is automatically activated.
  • the cold storage mode in the cold storage mode maintains the operating state until the temperature sensor 38 detects a set temperature based on the solidification temperature of the cold storage material. Therefore, in the state in which the cold insulation mode is set, the cold storage material 36 is automatically held in a solidified state while the power supply port 19 is connected to the commercial power source (external power source).
  • the micro electric vehicle 1 is usually charged in the garage at home at night and stored at the same time (in summer).
  • the household power source is disconnected from the power supply port 19, and the in-wheel motor 2 a that is a driving power source is driven by the battery 7, so that the vehicle 1 travels.
  • the cool air button switch 53 When the driver presses the cool air button switch 53, the cooling device 12 is driven, and the display unit 53a is lit to indicate that the cooling mode is set. In this state, the cold storage completion display unit 55 is turned on to indicate that the cold storage state is in effect.
  • the cool air button switch 53 is pressed again, the cooling mode is canceled and the display unit 53a is also turned off.
  • the cooling battery 50 and the cooling fan 40 are driven based on the cooling controller 22 with the traveling battery 7 as a power source.
  • the refrigerant antioxidant (antifreeze) is sent from the heat exchange part 51 in contact with the cold storage material 36 in the solidified state in the container 35 to the cooling radiator 39 through the cooling pipe 49a. And it is circulated so as to return to the heat exchanging part 51 through the return side pipe 49b.
  • the refrigerant flows in a spiral shape from the top to the bottom in the heat exchanging portion 51, thereby exchanging heat with the cold storage material 36 in the container 35 and taking the heat of fusion of the cold storage material 36 and being cooled,
  • the cooled refrigerant exchanges heat with the air flowing by the cooling fan 40 in the cooling radiator 39, and cools the air to cool air.
  • the heat absorption pump 32 In the cooling mode, the heat absorption pump 32 is stopped and the refrigerant does not flow through the heat absorption side pipe 31a to the cooling unit 12a.
  • the connection time in the cooling mode is determined by the heat capacity of the cool storage material 36.
  • the required cold storage energy amount is 77 [Wh]
  • the required amount of paraffin-based cold storage material is About 1.3 [kg].
  • a cool storage material is water, it will be 1.0 [kg].
  • the cooling unit 12 a ′ and the cool storage unit 12 b are installed in the plurality of vehicle bodies 3 as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the plurality of cooling units 12a and 12a ' are simultaneously driven to cool (solidify) the cool storage material 36 in the container 35 of the cool storage unit 12b.
  • the cooling unit 12c uses the same blowing means (hood) 20, the cooling radiator 39, and the cooling fan 40, but the cooling and return side pipes 49a and 49b and the cooling pump 50 are provided for each cold storage material.
  • a plurality are provided so as to be guided to the container 35.
  • the cool storage material of the second (and third ...) container 35 is in a standby state, but the container 35 is made of a thermos bottle. There is little influence from outside air, and the cool storage material in the container 35 is kept in the cool storage (solidification) state for a long time.
  • the cooling unit 12a is not disposed in the vehicle body 3, and the cooling unit uses a dedicated cooling unit disposed near the charging stand or a domestic refrigerator. That is, a plurality of cool storage material containers 35 are prepared, and the cool storage material 36 in the cool storage material container 35 is stored (solidified) by a dedicated cooling means in a stand or a home cooling means.
  • the cooling means may use the above-described Peltier element or a compressor, and the power source may be a commercial power source, a private power source or an internal combustion engine.
  • the cool storage material container 35 having no cold storage in the vehicle body is replaced with the cold storage material container in the cold storage state in advance, and the heat exchange unit 51 is stored in the cold storage. Install it in the cool storage container.
  • the cooling unit 12a is not required in the vehicle body, and there is a space for that, so that it is easy to arrange a plurality of cold storage material containers 35 in the vehicle body. Moreover, it is suitable for the method of replacing
  • the regenerator material container 35 is a solidified regenerator material created by a dedicated refrigerating means or a refrigerator at the time of charging or starting use of the ultra-small automobile 1 using the one mounted in the vehicle body as it is,
  • the ice may be taken out and supplied into the cold storage material container 35.
  • the cooling of the inside of the vehicle is performed by the cold storage material supplied into the container 35 during the running and use of the micro-mini vehicle.
  • the cooling unit in this case can always use a commercial power source, it is not always necessary to use a Peltier element, and a compressor driven by an electric motor may be used.
  • a drain cock for discharging the melted cold storage material (water) is provided at the bottom of the cold storage material container 35.
  • a power source may be an electric motor of the maximum continuous rated output of 15 [kW] or less.
  • the present invention is not necessarily limited to an electric motor, and can be similarly applied to a vehicle using an internal combustion engine of 125 [cc] or less, and can be similarly applied to a small three-wheeled vehicle used in the Philippines and the like.
  • the present invention can be applied to a small automobile in which a power source is small and it is difficult to drive a cooling means such as a compressor.
  • Cooling device 1 Small vehicle (ultra-small electric vehicle) 2a Electric motor, In-wheel motor 3 Car body 7 Battery 12 Cooling device 12a Cooling unit (means) 12b Cold storage unit 12c Cooling unit 20 Blowout member (hood) 23 Thermoelectric conversion element (Peltier element) 31a, 31b Endothermic side, return side pipe 32 Endothermic pump 35 Cold storage container (cold container, thermos) 36 Cool storage material 39 Cooling radiator 40 Cooling fan 45a, 45b Outlet port 49a, 49b Cooling side, return side pipe 50 Cooling pump 51 Heat exchanger

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Devices That Are Associated With Refrigeration Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

An air-conditioning device to be provided to a small vehicle that has a power source that is for a very small electric vehicle or the like and has insufficient capacity to drive an air-conditioning device. An air-conditioning device (12) that has: a cold generating unit (12a) that has a Peltier element (23); a cold storing unit (12b) that has a cold storing material (36) that is contained in an insulating container (35); and a cold radiating unit (12c) that has a radiant cooling radiator (39). While a travel battery is being charged, the cold generating unit (12a) is driven and the cold storing material (36) is solidified. When a vehicle is in use, a coolant is circulated between the cold storing material (36) and the radiant cooling radiator (39), and cold air is blown out of a blowout member (20) by means of a radiant cooling fan (40).

Description

小型車両用冷房装置Air conditioner for small vehicles
　本発明は、超小型電気自動車等の小型車両用冷房装置に係り、詳しくは小型車両の走行用動力源を創冷手段の動力源として用いない冷房装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a cooling device for a small vehicle such as a micro electric vehicle, and more particularly to a cooling device that does not use a power source for traveling of the small vehicle as a power source of a cooling means.
　近時、定格出力８［ｋＷ］以下の小型の電気モータを用いた超小型電気自動車（モビリティ）が各種提案されている。該超小型電気自動車は、１人又は２人の近距離移動を目的としており、搭載する電気モータが小型であり、かつそのバッテリの容量も小さい。従って、該電気モータによりコンプレッサ等の創冷手段を駆動する冷房装置を配置することは困難であり、冷房装置を搭載した超小型電気自動車は存在しない。 Recently, various micro electric vehicles (mobility) using a small electric motor with a rated output of 8 [kW] or less have been proposed. The ultra-small electric vehicle is intended for short-distance movement by one or two people, the electric motor to be mounted is small, and the capacity of the battery is small. Therefore, it is difficult to arrange a cooling device that drives a cooling device such as a compressor by the electric motor, and there is no micro electric vehicle equipped with the cooling device.
　一方、トラックにあっては、排ガス、騒音対策として、停車時にエンジンを停止することが求められている。特に、ドライブインでの仮眠休憩時等、エアコンを作動するためにエンジンをアイドリングにした状態で長時間停車することがある。それを防止するため、走行中に蓄冷材を凍結させ、仮眠休憩時に蓄冷材の融解潜熱を利用してキャビン内を冷房することにより、エンジンを停止した状態で使用可能な冷房システム（蓄冷式ベッドルームクーラ）が開発されている（特許文献１、非特許文献１）。 On the other hand, trucks are required to stop the engine when the vehicle is stopped as a countermeasure against exhaust gas and noise. In particular, the vehicle may be stopped for a long time with the engine idling to operate the air conditioner, such as during a nap break during drive-in. In order to prevent this, the cool storage system is frozen while driving, and the cabin is cooled by using the latent heat of fusion of the cool storage material during a nap break, so that it can be used with the engine stopped (cool storage bed) A room cooler has been developed (Patent Document 1, Non-Patent Document 1).
特公平０６－０９４２５５号公報Japanese Patent Publication No. 06-094255
　上記冷房システムは、走行用エンジンを非駆動状態で冷房するものであるが、車両（トラック）の走行中に、エンジンで駆動されるフロントエアコンシステムを用いて蓄冷材を凍結させ、エンジン停止中に該蓄冷材の融解熱を利用して冷気をベッドルームに供給するものであり、上述した小型の電気モータ等の小規模の動力源を搭載した小型車両の冷房装置に適用することはできない。 The above cooling system cools the traveling engine in a non-driven state. While the vehicle (truck) is traveling, the cold storage material is frozen using the front air conditioner system driven by the engine, and the engine is stopped. The cooling heat is supplied to the bedroom using the heat of fusion of the cold storage material, and cannot be applied to a cooling device for a small vehicle equipped with a small-scale power source such as the above-described small electric motor.
　また、上記冷房システムは、走行中フロントエアコンをかけながら蓄冷を可能とするものであって、フィンレスエバポレータのチューブ間に挟み込まれた蓄冷パック内の蓄冷材を凝固させる方式からなり、設置スペースの大きな複雑で大掛かりな装置からなる。このため、該冷房システムは、スペース及びコストの面でも、上記超小型電気自動車等の小型車両用冷房装置に適用することはできない。 In addition, the cooling system enables cold storage while running the front air conditioner during traveling, and is composed of a method of solidifying the cold storage material in the cold storage pack sandwiched between the tubes of the finless evaporator. Consists of large, complex and large equipment. For this reason, the cooling system cannot be applied to a cooling device for a small vehicle such as the above-described ultra-small electric vehicle in terms of space and cost.
　そこで、本発明は、車両走行用の動力源を用いることなく、コンパクトで比較的安価な構成でもって運転者等に冷風を供給することができる小型車両用冷房装置を提供することを目的とするものである。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a cooling apparatus for a small vehicle that can supply cold air to a driver or the like with a compact and relatively inexpensive configuration without using a power source for traveling the vehicle. Is.
　本発明は、小型の動力源により走行する小型車両用冷房装置において、
　蓄冷材を収納する蓄冷材容器（３５）と、
　放冷ファン（４０）を有する放冷ラジエータ（３９）と、
　前記放冷ファンにより前記放冷ラジエータを通る空気を車体内に向けて吹き出す吹出し部材（２０）と、を車体（３）に備え、
　前記走行用の動力源以外の動力源により蓄冷された前記蓄冷材容器（３５）内の蓄冷材（３６）と該蓄冷材容器内にて熱交換される冷媒を、前記放冷ラジエータ（３９）との間で循環して、該放冷ラジエータで前記冷媒と熱交換された冷風を前記吹出し部材（２０）から吹き出すことを特徴とする小型車両用冷房装置にある。 The present invention relates to a cooling device for a small vehicle that travels with a small power source,
A cool storage material container (35) for storing the cool storage material;
A cooling radiator (39) having a cooling fan (40);
The vehicle body (3) includes a blowout member (20) for blowing air passing through the cooling radiator toward the inside of the vehicle body by the cooling fan,
The cool storage material (36) stored in the cool storage material container (35) stored by a power source other than the power source for running and the refrigerant heat-exchanged in the cool storage material container are used as the cooling radiator (39). The cooling device for a small vehicle is characterized in that the cool air that is circulated between the cooling air and the heat is exchanged with the refrigerant by the cooling radiator is blown out from the blowing member (20).
　これにより、走行用の動力源が小型で冷房装置の創冷手段を駆動することが困難な小型車両にあっても、前記動力源以外の動力源により冷却された蓄冷材容器内の蓄冷材を用いて、小型車両の走行、使用時に車体内に冷風を吹き出すので、簡単な装置でもって小型車両にも冷房装置を設けることができる。 Thereby, even in a small vehicle in which the driving power source is small and it is difficult to drive the cooling means of the cooling device, the cold storage material in the cold storage material container cooled by the power source other than the power source can be obtained. Since the cool air is blown into the vehicle body when the small vehicle is running and used, the air conditioner can be provided in the small vehicle with a simple device.
　前記蓄冷材容器（３５）を複数個用意しておき、前記車体（３）外において蓄冷した蓄冷材を収納した前記蓄冷材容器を、放冷した蓄冷材を収納した前記車体内の蓄冷材容器と交換して、前記蓄冷した蓄冷材を収納した前記蓄冷材容器を前記車体内に設置してなる。 A plurality of the cool storage material containers (35) are prepared, and the cool storage material container storing the cool storage material stored outside the vehicle body (3) is used as the cool storage material container in the vehicle body storing the cool storage material. In other words, the cold storage container that stores the cold storage material is installed in the vehicle body.
　これにより、例えば走行用バッテリの交換時に蓄冷材容器も交換して、該交換した蓄冷材容器の蓄冷された蓄冷材を用いて車体内に冷風を吹き出すことができる。また、必要に応じて、車体内に搭載する蓄冷材容器の数を増やして、所望の冷房時間を得ることができる。 Thereby, for example, when the battery for traveling is replaced, the cold storage material container is also replaced, and cold air can be blown into the vehicle body using the cold storage material stored in the replaced cold storage material container. Further, if necessary, the number of cold storage material containers mounted in the vehicle body can be increased to obtain a desired cooling time.
　前記蓄冷材（３６）との間で熱交換して、該蓄冷材に蓄冷する創冷手段（１２ａ）を前記車体（３）内に配置し、前記小型車両の停車中に前記創冷手段（１２ａ）を外部電源で駆動してなる。 A cooling means (12a) for exchanging heat with the cold storage material (36) and storing the cold storage material is disposed in the vehicle body (3), and the cold cooling means ( 12a) is driven by an external power source.
　これにより、創冷手段が車体内に配置され、車両の停車中に該創冷手段を外部電源で駆動するので、小型車両内に完結した冷房装置を配置することができる。 Thereby, the cooling means is arranged in the vehicle body, and the cooling means is driven by the external power source while the vehicle is stopped, so that the complete cooling device can be arranged in the small vehicle.
　前記小型車両を走行する前記小型の動力源が、定格出力１５［ｋＷ］以下の電気モータであり、
　該電気モータ用のバッテリ（７）を前記小型車両に備え、該バッテリを充電する際に、前記創冷手段（１２ａ）を前記外部電源で駆動して、前記蓄冷材に蓄冷してなる。 The small power source that travels the small vehicle is an electric motor having a rated output of 15 [kW] or less,
The electric motor battery (7) is provided in the small vehicle, and when the battery is charged, the cooling means (12a) is driven by the external power source to cool the cold storage material.
　これにより、定格出力１５［ｋＷ］以下の超小型電気自動車（モビリティ）に適用して、電気モータ用のバッテリを充電する際に、前記創冷手段を駆動して蓄冷材に蓄冷することができる。 Thereby, when applied to a micro electric vehicle (mobility) having a rated output of 15 kW or less and charging a battery for an electric motor, the cooling means can be driven to store cold in the regenerator material. .
　前記創冷手段が、ペルチェ素子（２３）等の熱電変換素子である。 The cooling means is a thermoelectric conversion element such as a Peltier element (23).
　これにより、創冷手段がペルチェ素子等の熱電変換素子であるので、小型、軽量のため設置スペースの限られた車体内に配置することが可能であり、また夜間に自宅車庫で充電することが多いが、その際に創冷手段を駆動しても、創冷手段がペルチェ素子等の熱電変換素子であるので、騒音を発生することはない。 As a result, since the cooling means is a thermoelectric conversion element such as a Peltier element, it can be placed in a vehicle body with limited installation space due to its small size and light weight, and can be charged in a home garage at night. However, even if the cooling means is driven at that time, no noise is generated because the cooling means is a thermoelectric conversion element such as a Peltier element.
　前記蓄冷材容器（３５）内に熱交換部（５１）を配置し、
　蓄冷モードの場合、前記創冷手段（１２ａ）と前記熱交換部（５１）との間に冷媒を循環して前記蓄冷材を凝固し、
　放冷モードの場合、前記放冷ラジエータ（３９）と前記熱交換部（５１）との間で冷媒を循環して前記蓄冷材を融解してなる。 A heat exchange part (51) is arranged in the cold storage material container (35),
In the case of the cold storage mode, the refrigerant is circulated between the cooling means (12a) and the heat exchange unit (51) to solidify the cold storage material,
In the case of the cooling mode, the refrigerant is circulated between the cooling radiator (39) and the heat exchange part (51) to melt the cold storage material.
　これにより、蓄冷材容器内に共通の熱交換部を配置し、蓄冷モードにあっては、創冷手段と上記熱交換部との間に冷媒を循環し、放冷モードにあっては、放冷ラジエータと上記熱交換部との間に冷媒を循環するので、簡単な装置でもって容易に蓄冷手段を凝固、融解して、効率的に冷風を得ることができる。 As a result, a common heat exchange unit is arranged in the cold storage material container, and in the cold storage mode, the refrigerant is circulated between the cooling means and the heat exchange unit. Since the refrigerant is circulated between the cold radiator and the heat exchanging section, the cool storage means can be easily solidified and melted with a simple device, and cold air can be efficiently obtained.
　前記蓄冷材容器（３５）を前記車体（３）に複数台配置し、
　前記蓄冷モードにあっては、前記創冷手段を駆動して前記複数の蓄冷材容器の蓄冷材を凝固し、
　前記放冷モードにあっては、前記複数の蓄冷材容器の蓄冷材と前記放冷ラジエータとの間で順次熱交換してなる。 A plurality of the cold storage material containers (35) are arranged on the vehicle body (3),
In the cold storage mode, the cooling means is driven to solidify the cold storage materials of the plurality of cold storage material containers,
In the cooling mode, heat is sequentially exchanged between the cool storage materials of the plurality of cool storage material containers and the cooling radiator.
　これにより、小型車両の連続する運転時間等による冷房時間の要求に応じて、蓄冷材容器の搭載台数を増やし、共通の放冷ラジエータとの間で順次蓄冷材容器の蓄冷材を用いて、必要に応じた冷房時間を得ることができる。 As a result, in response to demands for cooling time due to continuous operation time etc. of small vehicles, the number of mounted cool storage containers is increased, and the cool storage material in the cool storage containers is used in sequence with the common cooling radiator. The cooling time according to can be obtained.
　前記蓄冷材容器（３５）に、凝固した蓄冷材を供給してなる。 The solidified cold storage material is supplied to the cold storage material container (35).
　これにより、創冷手段を車体内に配置することなく、充電スタンド等に配置した専用の創冷手段に得られる凝固した蓄冷材又は家庭内の冷蔵庫の氷を車体内の蓄冷材容器に供給して、簡単な装置で小型車両用冷房装置を得ることができる。 As a result, the solidified regenerator material or the ice of the refrigerator in the home is supplied to the regenerator container in the vehicle body, which is obtained by the dedicated cooler device arranged in the charging stand or the like, without arranging the regenerator device in the vehicle body. Thus, a cooling device for a small vehicle can be obtained with a simple device.
　前記蓄冷材容器（３５）が、魔法瓶である。 The cold storage material container (35) is a thermos.
　これにより、蓄冷材容器が魔法瓶からなるので、蓄冷材が蓄冷した状態で待機していても、蓄冷材が無駄に放熱することを減少することができる。 Thereby, since the cool storage material container is composed of a thermos bottle, it is possible to reduce the cool storage material from dissipating heat wastefully even when the cool storage material is in a cold storage state.
　なお、カッコ内の符号は、図面と対照するためのものであるが、これにより請求の範囲の記載に何等影響を及ぼすものではない。 In addition, although the code | symbol in a parenthesis is for contrast with drawing, it does not have any influence on description of a claim by this.
　本発明によると、冷房装置の創冷手段の動力源として、小型車両走行用の動力源を用いないので、該走行用動力源が小型で上記創冷手段を駆動するには能力不足な小型車両にあっても、冷房装置を設けることが可能となる。 According to the present invention, since a power source for traveling on a small vehicle is not used as a power source for the cooling means of the cooling device, the small power vehicle for traveling on the small vehicle is small and has insufficient capacity to drive the cooling means. Even in this case, a cooling device can be provided.
本発明を適用した超小型電気自動車の概略を示す側面図。The side view which shows the outline of the micro electric vehicle to which this invention is applied. 本実施の形態による車両の前部分を示す斜視図。The perspective view which shows the front part of the vehicle by this Embodiment. 本実施の形態の車両の前部を示す端面図。The end view which shows the front part of the vehicle of this Embodiment. 本実施の形態による小型車両用冷房装置を示す分解図。The exploded view which shows the air conditioner for small vehicles by this Embodiment. 本実施の形態による冷房装置の操作、表示部を示す図。The figure which shows the operation and the display part of the air conditioner by this Embodiment.
本発明を実施するための形態Mode for carrying out the present invention
　以下、図面に沿って本発明の実施の形態について説明する。本発明を適用し得る超小型電気自動車１は、図１に示すように４個の車輪２で懸架される車体３を有しており、これら車輪２の少なくとも２輪は合計で定格出力８［ｋＷ］以下のインホイールモータ（走行用動力源）２ａを有している。車体３は、ドアを有するキャビン５を備えており、該キャビン５内には、シート６ａ，６ｂが前後に設けられている。なお、図１に示す概略図では、シート６ａ，６ｂを前後に配置したが、左右に配置してもよく、１個のシートでも子供用のシートでもよい。また、車体３の下部分には、リチウムイオン電池、密閉型鉛電池等のバッテリ７が搭載されている。車体３の前部には、充電器９、コントローラ１０及び冷房装置１２、そして運転席６ａに向けて延びるステアリングハンドル１３が配置されている。なお、バッテリ７は、充電式に限らず、スタンド等でバッテリを交換するものでもよい。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. A micro electric vehicle 1 to which the present invention can be applied has a vehicle body 3 suspended by four wheels 2 as shown in FIG. 1, and at least two of these wheels 2 have a total rated output of 8 [ kW] The following in-wheel motor (travel power source) 2a is included. The vehicle body 3 includes a cabin 5 having a door, and seats 6 a and 6 b are provided in the cabin 5 in the front-rear direction. In the schematic diagram shown in FIG. 1, the sheets 6 a and 6 b are arranged at the front and rear, but may be arranged at the left and right, and may be one sheet or a child seat. A battery 7 such as a lithium ion battery or a sealed lead battery is mounted on the lower portion of the vehicle body 3. In the front part of the vehicle body 3, a charger 9, a controller 10, a cooling device 12, and a steering handle 13 extending toward the driver's seat 6a are arranged. The battery 7 is not limited to a rechargeable type, and may be a battery that is replaced by a stand or the like.
　図２は、車体の前部分を斜め上方からみた斜視図である。ステアリングハンドル１３は、両端部にグリップ１３ａ，１３ｂを有するバーハンドルからなり、前方に向って右側にオフセットして配置されている。該バーハンドルの右グリップ１３ａ部分には出力操作部（アクセル操作部）１５が設けられ、左グリップ１３ｂ部分には左右フラッシャランプ、ホーン及び前照灯ビームの上下切換等の各操作部が設けられている。また、左右グリップ部分に前輪ブレーキ、後輪ブレーキ用のレバー１６ａ，１６ｂが設けられている。また、ハンドル１３の中央前部分には車両用制御部（ＥＣＵ）１７が配置されており、該車両用制御部に表示装置を接続し得る。 FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the front portion of the vehicle body as viewed obliquely from above. The steering handle 13 is composed of a bar handle having grips 13a and 13b at both ends, and is arranged offset toward the right side toward the front. The right handle 13a portion of the bar handle is provided with an output operation portion (accelerator operation portion) 15, and the left grip 13b portion is provided with operation portions such as a left / right flasher lamp, a horn and a headlight beam. ing. In addition, front and rear brake levers 16a and 16b are provided at the left and right grip portions. In addition, a vehicle control unit (ECU) 17 is disposed at the center front portion of the handle 13, and a display device can be connected to the vehicle control unit.
　図２及び図３に示すように、車体３の前部中央の上部には前記充電器９が配置されており、該充電器９の前方部分には車体３の中央から外部に突出して給電口１９が設けられている。上記充電器９の後方部分、即ち運転席６ａの前方の車体中央部分には、前記冷房装置１２の吹出し部材２０が上方に突出して配置されている。また、充電器９の前方に向って左側には、前記インホイールモータ２ａの出力を制御するコントローラ１０が配置されている。その下方、即ち車体前部の左側下方には電源用制御部（ＥＰＳ・ＥＣＵ）２１及びＡＣ／ＤＣコンバータ等の冷房用コントローラ２２が配置されている。 As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the charger 9 is arranged at the upper center of the front portion of the vehicle body 3, and the front portion of the charger 9 protrudes from the center of the vehicle body 3 to the outside and feeds power. 19 is provided. In the rear part of the charger 9, that is, the vehicle body center part in front of the driver's seat 6a, the blowing member 20 of the cooling device 12 is disposed so as to protrude upward. A controller 10 that controls the output of the in-wheel motor 2a is disposed on the left side of the charger 9 in front. A power supply control unit (EPS / ECU) 21 and a cooling controller 22 such as an AC / DC converter are arranged below that, that is, on the lower left side of the front part of the vehicle body.
　前記冷房装置１２は、図４に詳示するように、創冷部１２ａと、蓄冷部１２ｂと、放冷部１２ｃと、を備える。創冷部１２ａは、冷却駆動部（創冷手段）を構成するペルチェ素子等の熱電変換素子２３（以下代表としてペルチェ素子と表記する）を有しており、ペルチェ素子２３の発熱面には放熱プレート２５が密接して配置されている。該放熱プレート２５に隣接して放熱ファン２６を有する放熱ラジエータ２７が配置されており、放熱プレート２５と放熱ラジエータ２７との間はヒートパイプ２９で連結されて、ペルチェ素子２３の発熱面からの発熱は、上記放熱プレート２５に伝えられ、更にヒートパイプ２９の水の循環により放熱ラジエータ２７に伝えられ、放熱ファン２６により大気に放熱される。 As described in detail in FIG. 4, the cooling device 12 includes a cooling unit 12 a, a cool storage unit 12 b, and a cooling unit 12 c. The cooling unit 12a includes a thermoelectric conversion element 23 (hereinafter, referred to as a Peltier element as a representative) such as a Peltier element that constitutes a cooling drive unit (cooling means). The plate 25 is closely arranged. A heat dissipation radiator 27 having a heat dissipation fan 26 is disposed adjacent to the heat dissipation plate 25, and the heat dissipation plate 25 and the heat dissipation radiator 27 are connected by a heat pipe 29 to generate heat from the heat generating surface of the Peltier element 23. Is transmitted to the heat radiating plate 25, further transmitted to the heat radiating radiator 27 by circulation of water in the heat pipe 29, and radiated to the atmosphere by the radiating fan 26.
　ペルチェ素子２３の吸熱面には吸熱プレート２８が密接して配置されており、該吸熱プレート２８には吸熱ラジエータ３０が配置されている。該吸熱ラジエータ３０には、冷媒である不凍液を循環する吸熱側及び戻り側のパイプ３１ａ，３１ｂが接続されており、該パイプ３１ａ，３１ｂ内の冷媒は、吸熱ポンプ３２により循環される。ペルチェ素子２３の発熱面近傍にはサーモスタット３３が設けられており、該発熱面が所定温度以上高温になることを検知して、ペルチェ素子２３への電流を遮断する。これにより、ペルチェ素子２３等の創冷部１２ａの熱破壊が防止される。 An endothermic plate 28 is disposed in close contact with the endothermic surface of the Peltier element 23, and an endothermic radiator 30 is disposed on the endothermic plate 28. The endothermic radiator 30 is connected to heat absorption side and return side pipes 31 a and 31 b that circulate the antifreeze that is a refrigerant. The refrigerant in the pipes 31 a and 31 b is circulated by an endothermic pump 32. A thermostat 33 is provided in the vicinity of the heat generating surface of the Peltier element 23, and the current to the Peltier element 23 is interrupted by detecting that the heat generating surface is at a temperature higher than a predetermined temperature. Thereby, the thermal destruction of the cooling parts 12a, such as the Peltier element 23, is prevented.
　蓄冷部１２ｂは、断熱材からなる保冷容器３５を有しており、該容器内に蓄冷材３６が収納される。本実施の形態にあっては、上記蓄冷材容器３５として魔法瓶が用いられる。また、蓄冷材３６は、水でもよいが、創冷手段としてペルチェ素子２３を用いると、ペルチェ素子は、発熱面及び吸熱面の温度差が大きくなると効果が低下することに鑑み、本実施の形態では蓄冷材３６として融点１６．５［℃］のパラフィン系蓄冷材が用いられる。上記蓄冷材３６の温度は、温度センサ３８により検出される。 The cold storage unit 12b has a cold storage container 35 made of a heat insulating material, and the cold storage material 36 is accommodated in the container. In the present embodiment, a thermos bottle is used as the cold storage material container 35. Further, although the cold storage material 36 may be water, in the case where the Peltier element 23 is used as a cooling means, the effect of the Peltier element is reduced when the temperature difference between the heat generation surface and the heat absorption surface increases. Then, as the cold storage material 36, a paraffinic cold storage material having a melting point of 16.5 [° C.] is used. The temperature of the cold storage material 36 is detected by a temperature sensor 38.
　放冷部１２ｃは、熱交換面を水平にして配置された放冷ラジエータ３９を有しており、該放冷ラジエータ３９の上面（又は下面）に隣接して放冷ファン４０が配置されている。該放冷ファン４０の送風方向、即ち上方側には吹出し部材であるフード２０が被さるように配置されている。該フード２０は、下側が拡がるスカート部４２と、該スカート部の中央部分で上方に突出する円筒部４３とを有し、該円筒部４３は、図２、図３に示すように、上下に分割されて互いに回動し得、かつ該分割された上下円筒部４３ａ，４３ｂにそれぞれ座席上の乗員に向くように調節される吹出し口４５ａ，４５ｂが設けられている。また、図２、図３に示すように、スカート部４２と放冷ファン４０との間は、被い板４４により囲まれており、放冷ラジエータ３９を通る放冷ファン４０による空気は、略々全量フード２０に導かれる。また、上記スカート部４２に放射状にあけられた多数のスリット４６を形成してもよい。上記水平方向に配置された放冷ラジエータ３９の下方にはドレーン受け部材４７が上記放冷ラジエータ３９の水平方向面積をカバーするように配置されており、該ドレーン受け部材４７の最下部には車体３外に導かれるドレーンパイプに接続する連結口４７ａが設けられている。また、放冷ラジエータ３９を通過した空気の温度は、温度センサ４８により検出される。 The cooling unit 12c has a cooling radiator 39 arranged with the heat exchange surface horizontal, and a cooling fan 40 is arranged adjacent to the upper surface (or lower surface) of the cooling radiator 39. . It arrange | positions so that the food | hood 20 which is a blowing member may cover | cover the ventilation direction of this cooling fan 40, ie, an upper side. The hood 20 has a skirt portion 42 that expands on the lower side, and a cylindrical portion 43 that protrudes upward at a central portion of the skirt portion, and the cylindrical portion 43 is vertically moved as shown in FIGS. The divided upper and lower cylindrical portions 43a and 43b are respectively provided with outlets 45a and 45b that are adjusted so as to face the occupants on the seat. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the skirt portion 42 and the cooling fan 40 are surrounded by a covering plate 44, and the air by the cooling fan 40 passing through the cooling radiator 39 is substantially the same. The whole amount is led to the hood 20. In addition, a large number of slits 46 formed radially in the skirt portion 42 may be formed. A drain receiving member 47 is disposed below the cooling radiator 39 disposed in the horizontal direction so as to cover the horizontal area of the cooling radiator 39, and a vehicle body is disposed at the bottom of the drain receiving member 47. 3 is provided with a connecting port 47a connected to a drain pipe led outside. The temperature of the air that has passed through the cooling radiator 39 is detected by a temperature sensor 48.
　前記放冷ラジエータ３９には、冷媒である不凍液を循環する放熱側及び戻り側のパイプ４９ａ，４９ｂが接続されており、これらパイプ４９ａ，４９ｂ内の冷媒は、放冷ポンプ５０により循環される。前記吸熱側及び戻り側のパイプ３１ａ，３１ｂ、並びに上記放冷側及び戻り側のパイプ４９ａ，４９ｂのそれぞれ他端部は、前記蓄冷材容器３５の蓋３５ａを貫通して該容器内に導かれ、螺旋状に形成された共通の熱交換部（チューブ及びフィン）５１に接続される。即ち、上記吸熱側及び放冷側パイプ３１ａ及び４９ａは、それぞれ共通の熱交換部５１の下部に連結しており、それぞれの戻り側パイプ３１ｂ，４９ｂは上記共通の熱交換部５１の上部に連結している。従って、吸熱側のパイプ３１ａ，３１ｂの冷媒、並びに放冷側のパイプ４９ａ，４９ｂの冷媒は、容器３５内に充填、密閉された蓄冷材３６と熱交換部５１によりそれぞれ熱交換される。 The cooling radiator 39 is connected to heat radiation side and return side pipes 49a and 49b for circulating an antifreeze liquid as a refrigerant. The refrigerant in the pipes 49a and 49b is circulated by a cooling pump 50. The other end portions of the heat absorption side and return side pipes 31a and 31b and the cooling side and return side pipes 49a and 49b penetrate the lid 35a of the cold storage material container 35 and are led into the containers. , Connected to a common heat exchanging portion (tube and fin) 51 formed in a spiral shape. That is, the heat absorption side and cool side pipes 31 a and 49 a are connected to the lower part of the common heat exchange part 51, and the return side pipes 31 b and 49 b are connected to the upper part of the common heat exchange part 51. is doing. Therefore, the refrigerant in the heat absorption side pipes 31a and 31b and the refrigerant in the cool side pipes 49a and 49b are respectively heat-exchanged by the regenerator 36 and the heat exchange unit 51 filled and sealed in the container 35.
　ＡＣ／ＤＣコンバータ等の前記冷房用コントローラ２２は、走行用バッテリ７の充電時に、給電口１９から外部電源の一部の電力が供給されるか、又は異なる給電口からの外部電力が供給され、前記創冷手段１２ａであるペルチェ素子２３に配電すると共に、該ペルチェ素子２３、吸熱ポンプ３２及び放冷ポンプ５０等の冷房装置１２の各機器をコントロールする。なお、吸熱ポンプ３２及び放熱ファン２６は、ペルチェ素子２３と共に外部電源で駆動され、放冷ポンプ５０及び放冷ファン４０は、走行用バッテリ７で駆動されるように構成することが好ましい。 The cooling controller 22 such as an AC / DC converter is supplied with a part of the external power from the power supply port 19 when charging the battery 7 for traveling, or is supplied with external power from a different power supply port, While distributing electricity to the Peltier element 23 which is the said cooling means 12a, each apparatus of the air conditioners 12, such as this Peltier element 23, the heat absorption pump 32, and the cooling pump 50, is controlled. The heat absorption pump 32 and the heat radiating fan 26 are preferably driven by an external power source together with the Peltier element 23, and the cooling pump 50 and the cooling fan 40 are preferably driven by the traveling battery 7.
　図５は、冷房装置１２又は車両用制御部１７に接続される表示装置に設けられた操作、表示部を示す。操作、表示部６０は、蓄冷、保冷、冷風の各押しボタンスイッチ５４，５２，５３及びその作動中を点灯により表示する各表示部５４ａ，５２ａ，５３ａと、蓄冷完了、保冷中及び蓄冷無しを点灯により表示する表示部５５，５６，５７と、を有する。 FIG. 5 shows an operation and display unit provided in a display device connected to the cooling device 12 or the vehicle control unit 17. The operation and display unit 60 includes the push button switches 54, 52, and 53 for cold storage, cold storage, and cold air, and the respective display units 54a, 52a, and 53a that display their operation by lighting, and the completion of cold storage, during cold storage, and no cold storage. Display units 55, 56, and 57 that display by lighting.
　ついで、上記冷房装置１２を有する超小型電気自動車１の作動について説明する。超小型電気自動車１は、駐車場等に停止した状態で、給電口１９に１００［Ｖ］又は２００［Ｖ］の商（家庭）用電源を接続して、交流である商用電源の電流を、充電器９により直流に整流、平滑化してバッテリ７に充電される。蓄冷ボタンスイッチ５４を押した蓄冷モードにある場合、該走行用バッテリ７の充電中に、上記商用電源の電力は、冷房用コントローラ２２にも供給される。該冷房用コントローラ２２から冷房装置１２の創冷部１２ａであるペルチェ素子２３に通電されると共に、放熱ファン２６及び吸熱ポンプ３２に供給されて、これらを駆動する。即ち、創冷手段である上記ペルチェ素子２３は、走行用バッテリ７とは異なる動力源である商用電源から直接駆動され、従って走行用バッテリ以外の動力源で駆動される。 Next, the operation of the micro electric vehicle 1 having the cooling device 12 will be described. The micro electric vehicle 1 is connected to a power source for quotient (home) of 100 [V] or 200 [V] at the power supply port 19 in a state where it is stopped at a parking lot or the like, The battery 9 rectifies and smoothes the direct current by the charger 9 and charges the battery 7. When in the cold storage mode in which the cold storage button switch 54 is pressed, the power of the commercial power supply is also supplied to the cooling controller 22 while the traveling battery 7 is being charged. The Peltier element 23 that is the cooling unit 12a of the cooling device 12 is energized from the cooling controller 22 and supplied to the heat radiating fan 26 and the heat absorbing pump 32 to drive them. That is, the Peltier element 23 that is a cooling means is directly driven from a commercial power source that is a power source different from the traveling battery 7, and is therefore driven by a power source other than the traveling battery.
　上記蓄冷ボタンスイッチ５４は、１度押すと蓄冷モードに設定されると共にその表示部５４ａが点灯され、蓄冷モードにあることを運転者に知らせる。従って、夏期等で冷房が必要な状態にある場合、上記蓄冷ボタンスイッチ５４を１度押して蓄冷モードに設定されている場合、走行用バッテリ７の充電時に自動的に蓄冷モードが作動し、蓄冷モードが完了すると、蓄冷モードは停止するが、表示部５４ａは点灯した状態に保持され、次のバッテリ充電時に備える。蓄冷ボタンスイッチ５４を再度押すと、蓄冷モードが解放される。なお、蓄冷スイッチ５４を押す度に蓄冷モードを作動し、蓄冷モードが完了するか、再度該スイッチを押すと、蓄冷モードが停止するようにしてもよい。この場合蓄冷モードが作動中にのみ、表示部５４ａが点灯するようにして、走行用バッテリ充電時にも、表示部５４ａで確認して再度スイッチ５４を押す必要がある。ペルチェ素子２３は、上記通電により、吸熱面が冷却されると共に発熱面が発熱して高温となる。該高温となる発熱面の熱は、放熱プレート２５に伝導され、更にヒートパイプ２９を介して放熱ラジエータ２７に伝達され、放熱ファン２６により大気中に放出される。 When the cold storage button switch 54 is pressed once, the cold storage mode is set and the display unit 54a is turned on to notify the driver that the cold storage mode is in effect. Accordingly, when the cooling is necessary in summer or the like, when the cold storage button switch 54 is pressed once and the cold storage mode is set, the cold storage mode is automatically activated when the traveling battery 7 is charged. Is completed, the cold storage mode is stopped, but the display unit 54a is kept in a lit state and is prepared for the next battery charging. When the cool storage button switch 54 is pressed again, the cool storage mode is released. Note that the cold storage mode may be stopped by operating the cold storage mode every time the cold storage switch 54 is pressed and completing the cold storage mode or pressing the switch again. In this case, only when the cold storage mode is in operation, the display unit 54a is lit, and it is necessary to check the display unit 54a and press the switch 54 again when charging the battery for traveling. In the Peltier element 23, the heat absorption surface is cooled by the energization, and the heat generation surface generates heat and becomes high temperature. The heat of the heat generating surface that becomes high temperature is conducted to the heat radiating plate 25, further transmitted to the heat radiating radiator 27 through the heat pipe 29, and released to the atmosphere by the heat radiating fan 26.
　ペルチェ素子２３の低温となる吸熱面の冷熱は、吸熱プレート２８を介して吸熱ラジエータ３０に伝導され、更に吸熱ポンプ３２により循環されているパイプ３１ａ，３１ｂ内の冷媒（不凍液）を介して保冷容器３５内の蓄冷材３６に伝達される。即ち、吸熱側パイプ３１ａ内の冷媒は、吸熱ポンプ３２により吸熱ラジエータ３０に送られ、該吸熱ラジエータ３０で冷却され、該冷却された冷媒は、戻り側パイプ３１ｂを通って容器３５内の熱交換部５１に送られる。該熱交換部５１の上部に送られた上記冷却された冷媒は、螺旋状の熱交換部５１の上部から下部に移動する間に、容器３５内の蓄冷材３６と熱交換して蓄冷材３６を低温化し、蓄冷材を凝固して蓄冷する。 The cold heat of the endothermic surface of the Peltier element 23 is transferred to the endothermic radiator 30 through the endothermic plate 28 and further cooled by the refrigerant (antifreeze) in the pipes 31a and 31b circulated by the endothermic pump 32. It is transmitted to the cold storage material 36 in 35. That is, the refrigerant in the endothermic pipe 31a is sent to the endothermic radiator 30 by the endothermic pump 32, cooled by the endothermic radiator 30, and the cooled refrigerant exchanges heat in the container 35 through the return side pipe 31b. Sent to the unit 51. The cooled refrigerant sent to the upper part of the heat exchange unit 51 exchanges heat with the cold storage material 36 in the container 35 while moving from the upper part to the lower part of the spiral heat exchange part 51. The temperature is reduced, and the cold storage material is solidified and stored.
　蓄冷材の温度は、温度センサ３８により検出され、該温度センサが、上記蓄冷材３６の凝固温度に、安定化するための所定温度を検出すると、上記ペルチェ素子２３の通電が停止されると共に、吸熱ポンプ３２の駆動が停止される。これにより、蓄冷モードが完了する。なお、放熱ファン２６はペルチェ素子２３の通電停止後、放熱プレート２５の温度が外気温度近くに下がるまで駆動を続けて、その後停止する。 The temperature of the regenerator material is detected by a temperature sensor 38. When the temperature sensor detects a predetermined temperature for stabilization to the solidification temperature of the regenerator material 36, energization of the Peltier element 23 is stopped, The drive of the endothermic pump 32 is stopped. Thereby, the cold storage mode is completed. In addition, after the energization of the Peltier element 23 is stopped, the heat dissipation fan 26 continues to be driven until the temperature of the heat dissipation plate 25 decreases to near the outside air temperature, and then stops.
　上記蓄冷材の蓄冷が完了すると、蓄冷完了表示部５５が点灯することにより、冷房作動が可能な状態にあることは運転者に知らせる。上述した蓄冷モードにある場合、放冷ポンプ５０は停止しており、放冷部１２ｃへの冷媒の循環は停止されている。なお、蓄冷モードが完了すれば、自動的に保冷モードに入るようにしてもよい。 When the cold storage of the cold storage material is completed, the cold storage completion display section 55 is turned on to notify the driver that the cooling operation is possible. In the cold storage mode described above, the cooling pump 50 is stopped and the circulation of the refrigerant to the cooling unit 12c is stopped. Note that when the cold storage mode is completed, the cold storage mode may be automatically entered.
　保冷押しボタンスイッチ５２を押した保冷モードにある場合、蓄冷材３６がその融解温度に基づく所定温度に上昇したことを温度センサ３８により検出すると、ペルチェ素子２３への通電及び吸熱ポンプ３２、放熱ファン２６が駆動される上記蓄冷モードが自動的に作動する。該保冷モードによる蓄冷モードも、前記蓄冷モードと同様に、温度センサ３８が蓄冷材の凝固温度に基づく設定温度を検出するまで作動状態を保持する。従って、保冷モードが設定されている状態では、給電口１９が商用電源（外部電源）に接続している間は、蓄冷材３６は、自動的に凝固状態に保持される。 When the temperature sensor 38 detects that the cold storage material 36 has risen to a predetermined temperature based on the melting temperature in the cold insulation mode in which the cold insulation push button switch 52 is pressed, the power supply to the Peltier element 23 and the heat absorption pump 32, the heat radiation fan are detected. The cold storage mode in which 26 is driven is automatically activated. Similarly to the cold storage mode, the cold storage mode in the cold storage mode maintains the operating state until the temperature sensor 38 detects a set temperature based on the solidification temperature of the cold storage material. Therefore, in the state in which the cold insulation mode is set, the cold storage material 36 is automatically held in a solidified state while the power supply port 19 is connected to the commercial power source (external power source).
　上記保冷押しボタンスイッチ５２は、１度押すると保冷モードに保持されると共に、その表示部５２ａがスイッチが保冷モードにあることを表示する。従って、保冷押しボタンスイッチ５２により保冷モードにある場合、蓄冷材３６の温度を凝固温度以下に自動的に保持して、外部電源と接続中には、常に定格蓄冷量が維持される。該保冷モードにある場合、保冷表示部５６が点灯されて、保冷モードにあることを知らせる。 When the cold insulation push button switch 52 is pressed once, it is held in the cold insulation mode and its display section 52a displays that the switch is in the cold insulation mode. Therefore, when in the cold insulation mode by the cold insulation push button switch 52, the temperature of the cold storage material 36 is automatically kept below the solidification temperature, and the rated cold storage amount is always maintained while connected to the external power source. When in the cold insulation mode, the cold insulation display portion 56 is turned on to notify that the cold insulation mode is in effect.
　超小型電気自動車１は、通常、夜間自宅の車庫で充電され、同時に（夏場であっては）蓄冷される。該超小型電気自動車１の使用時、給電口１９から家庭用電源が外され、バッテリ７により走行用動力源であるインホイールモータ２ａが駆動されて、該自動車１は走行する。運転者が冷風ボタンスイッチ５３を押すと、冷房装置１２が駆動すると共に、その表示部５３ａが点灯して放冷モードであることが表示される。なお、この状態では、蓄冷完了表示部５５が点灯されて、蓄冷状態にあることが表示される。また、冷風ボタンスイッチ５３を再度押すと、放冷モードが解除され、その表示部５３ａも消灯する。 The micro electric vehicle 1 is usually charged in the garage at home at night and stored at the same time (in summer). When the micro electric vehicle 1 is used, the household power source is disconnected from the power supply port 19, and the in-wheel motor 2 a that is a driving power source is driven by the battery 7, so that the vehicle 1 travels. When the driver presses the cool air button switch 53, the cooling device 12 is driven, and the display unit 53a is lit to indicate that the cooling mode is set. In this state, the cold storage completion display unit 55 is turned on to indicate that the cold storage state is in effect. When the cool air button switch 53 is pressed again, the cooling mode is canceled and the display unit 53a is also turned off.
　上記放冷モードにあっては、走行用バッテリ７を電源として、冷房用コントローラ２２に基づき放冷ポンプ５０及び放冷ファン４０が駆動される。放冷ポンプ５０の駆動により、冷媒（不凍液）が、容器３５内の凝固状態にある蓄冷材３６に接している熱交換部５１から放冷側パイプ４９ａを通って放冷ラジエータ３９に送られ、そして戻り側パイプ４９ｂを通って熱交換部５１に戻るように循環される。この際、上記冷媒は、熱交換部５１を上方から下方に向けて螺旋状に流れることにより、容器３５内の蓄冷材３６と熱交換し、蓄冷材３６の融解熱を奪って冷却され、該冷却された冷媒が放冷ラジエータ３９において、放冷ファン４０により流れる空気と熱交換され、該空気を冷やして冷風とする。 In the cooling mode, the cooling battery 50 and the cooling fan 40 are driven based on the cooling controller 22 with the traveling battery 7 as a power source. By driving the cooling pump 50, the refrigerant (antifreeze) is sent from the heat exchange part 51 in contact with the cold storage material 36 in the solidified state in the container 35 to the cooling radiator 39 through the cooling pipe 49a. And it is circulated so as to return to the heat exchanging part 51 through the return side pipe 49b. At this time, the refrigerant flows in a spiral shape from the top to the bottom in the heat exchanging portion 51, thereby exchanging heat with the cold storage material 36 in the container 35 and taking the heat of fusion of the cold storage material 36 and being cooled, The cooled refrigerant exchanges heat with the air flowing by the cooling fan 40 in the cooling radiator 39, and cools the air to cool air.
　該放冷ラジエータ３９を通過した冷風は、被い板４４に導かれてその全量がフード（吹出し部材）２０のスカート部４２に集められて、円筒部４３に送られて吹出し口４５ａ，４５ｂから運転者等乗員に向けて吹き出される。円筒部４３は、上下に分割されて、吹出し口４５ａ，４５ｂの位置を調節することができる。この際、放冷ラジエータ３９を通過した空気の温度は、温度センサ４８に検出され、運転者等が設定した冷房温度になるように、冷房用コントローラ２２により放冷ポンプ５０の回転数が制御される。これにより、冷媒の流量、即ち容器３５内の蓄冷材３６から上記冷風に伝達する熱量を制御することにより、冷却温度を調節することが可能となる。 The cool air that has passed through the cooling radiator 39 is guided to the covering plate 44, and the entire amount thereof is collected in the skirt portion 42 of the hood (blowout member) 20, sent to the cylindrical portion 43, and from the blowout ports 45a and 45b. It is blown out toward passengers such as drivers. The cylindrical portion 43 is divided into upper and lower portions, and the positions of the outlets 45a and 45b can be adjusted. At this time, the temperature of the air that has passed through the cooling radiator 39 is detected by the temperature sensor 48, and the number of rotations of the cooling pump 50 is controlled by the cooling controller 22 so that the cooling temperature is set by the driver or the like. The Thereby, the cooling temperature can be adjusted by controlling the flow rate of the refrigerant, that is, the amount of heat transferred from the cold storage material 36 in the container 35 to the cold air.
　放冷ラジエータ３９での上記空気との熱交換により暖められた冷媒は、戻り側パイプ４９ｂを通って熱交換部５１に送られ、螺旋状の熱交換部５１を通る間に蓄冷材３６と熱交換される。容器３５内の蓄冷材３６は、該熱交換により徐々に融解されて昇温する。該容器３５内の蓄冷材３６の温度は、温度センサ３８により常に監視されており、該蓄冷材３６の温度が上記冷風とならない程度の所定設定温度に昇温すると、放冷モードが解除され、放冷ポンプ５０の駆動は停止され、かつ蓄冷無し表示部５７が点灯する。この際、放冷ファン４０は、そのまま回転を続けて、扇風機として空気を運転者に向けて送り続けていてもよい。該放冷ファン４０は、冷風押しボタンスイッチ５３を再度押すことにより切断され、その表示部５３ａが消灯する。なお、上記蓄冷材の昇温により放冷モードが解除されると、放冷ファン４０も同時に停止して、押しボタンスイッチ５３の表示部５３ａを消灯してもよい。 The refrigerant warmed by the heat exchange with the air in the cooling radiator 39 is sent to the heat exchanging part 51 through the return side pipe 49b, and is heated with the cold storage material 36 while passing through the spiral heat exchanging part 51. Exchanged. The cool storage material 36 in the container 35 is gradually melted by the heat exchange and heated up. The temperature of the regenerator material 36 in the container 35 is constantly monitored by a temperature sensor 38, and when the temperature of the regenerator material 36 is raised to a predetermined set temperature that does not become the cold air, the cooling mode is canceled, The drive of the cooling pump 50 is stopped and the no-storage storage display unit 57 is lit. At this time, the cooling fan 40 may continue to rotate and continue to send air toward the driver as a fan. The cooling fan 40 is disconnected by pressing the cold air push button switch 53 again, and the display portion 53a is turned off. In addition, when the cool-down mode is canceled by raising the temperature of the regenerator material, the cool-down fan 40 may be stopped simultaneously, and the display unit 53a of the push button switch 53 may be turned off.
　前記表示部５５，５７の蓄冷完了（吸熱完了）及び蓄冷無し（放冷完了）は、蓄冷材が融解又は凝固中である潜熱の特性に基づき、吸熱量あるいは放熱（冷）量が一定であるので、蓄冷材の温度変化が緩慢にあることを利用し、蓄冷材温度センサ３８の温度変化が緩慢から急激に変化する時点で、上記蓄冷完了（吸熱完了）又は蓄冷無し（放冷完了）と判断する。 Completion of cool storage (complete heat absorption) and no cool storage (cold cool completion) of the display units 55 and 57 are based on the characteristic of latent heat that the cool storage material is melting or solidifying, and the amount of heat absorption or heat dissipation (cold) is constant. Therefore, using the fact that the temperature change of the regenerator material is slow, when the temperature change of the regenerator temperature sensor 38 changes from slow to abrupt, the above-mentioned regenerator is complete (end of heat absorption) or no regenerator (cold is completed). to decide.
　上記放冷モードにあっては、吸熱ポンプ３２は、停止しており、冷媒が吸熱側パイプ３１ａを通って創冷部１２ａに流れることはない。上記放冷モードの接続時間は、蓄冷材３６の熱容量で決まる。気温３０［℃］を２５［℃］に冷房する場合、放冷ファン４０を１／２の間欠で１００分間送風すると、必要蓄冷エネルギー量は７７［Ｗｈ］となり、パラフィン系蓄冷材の必要量は、約１．３［ｋｇ］となる。なお、蓄冷材が水である場合、1.0［ｋｇ］となる。 In the cooling mode, the heat absorption pump 32 is stopped and the refrigerant does not flow through the heat absorption side pipe 31a to the cooling unit 12a. The connection time in the cooling mode is determined by the heat capacity of the cool storage material 36. When the temperature 30 [° C.] is cooled to 25 [° C.], if the cooling fan 40 is blown for 100 minutes in half intervals, the required cold storage energy amount is 77 [Wh], and the required amount of paraffin-based cold storage material is About 1.3 [kg]. In addition, when a cool storage material is water, it will be 1.0 [kg].
　冷房の駆動時間（放冷モード）を長くしたい場合、図４に示すように、創冷部１２ａ’及び蓄冷部１２ｂを複数台車体３内に設置する。走行用バッテリ７の充電時に、同時に複数の創冷部１２ａ，１２ａ’が駆動されて、それぞれ蓄冷部１２ｂの容器３５内の蓄冷材３６に蓄冷（凝固）する。放冷部１２ｃは、吹出し手段（フード）２０及び放冷ラジエータ３９及び放冷ファン４０は共通のものが用いられるが、放冷及び戻し側パイプ４９ａ，４９ｂ及び放冷ポンプ５０は、各蓄冷材容器３５に導かれるように複数個設けられる。 When it is desired to lengthen the cooling driving time (cooling mode), the cooling unit 12 a ′ and the cool storage unit 12 b are installed in the plurality of vehicle bodies 3 as shown in FIG. 4. At the time of charging the battery 7 for traveling, the plurality of cooling units 12a and 12a 'are simultaneously driven to cool (solidify) the cool storage material 36 in the container 35 of the cool storage unit 12b. The cooling unit 12c uses the same blowing means (hood) 20, the cooling radiator 39, and the cooling fan 40, but the cooling and return side pipes 49a and 49b and the cooling pump 50 are provided for each cold storage material. A plurality are provided so as to be guided to the container 35.
　放冷モードにあっては、最初（第１）の１個の放冷ポンプ５０が駆動されて、１個の容器３５の蓄冷材３６との間で共通の１個の放冷ラジエータ３９が熱交換されて、該第１の容器３５の蓄冷材３６が融解して所定設定温度になるまで、該容器の蓄冷材により冷房される。ついで、該容器の蓄冷材が冷房不能の温度になることを温度センサ３８により検出すると、第１の放冷ポンプ５０の駆動が停止されると共に、次の（第２の）放冷ポンプが駆動されて、第２の容器の蓄冷材に基づき放冷部１２ｃの冷風供給が継続される。これにより、複数台の蓄冷部１２ｂの分を順次連続して冷房状態を維持することができる。この際、第１の容器３５の蓄冷材により冷房されている間、第２（及び第３…）の容器３５の蓄冷材は待機状態にあるが、容器３５が魔法瓶からなるので、蓄冷材の外気からの影響が少なく、容器３５内の蓄冷材は、蓄冷（凝固）状態に長時間保持される。 In the cooling mode, the first (first) cooling pump 50 is driven, and one cooling radiator 39 common to the cool storage material 36 of one container 35 is heated. It is exchanged, and the cool storage material 36 of the first container 35 is cooled by the cool storage material of the container until it melts and reaches a predetermined set temperature. Next, when the temperature sensor 38 detects that the cool storage material in the container reaches a temperature that cannot be cooled, the driving of the first cooling pump 50 is stopped and the next (second) cooling pump is driven. Then, the cool air supply of the cooler 12c is continued based on the cool storage material of the second container. Thereby, the air-cooling state can be maintained successively for the plurality of cool storage units 12b. At this time, while being cooled by the cool storage material of the first container 35, the cool storage material of the second (and third ...) container 35 is in a standby state, but the container 35 is made of a thermos bottle. There is little influence from outside air, and the cool storage material in the container 35 is kept in the cool storage (solidification) state for a long time.
　なお、創冷部１２ａを１個車体内に配置し、蓄冷部１２ｂのみを複数台車体内に配置してもよい。この場合、１個の創冷部１２ａにより複数個の蓄冷部１２ｂに蓄冷し、複数の蓄冷部を順次連続して用い、長時間冷房状態を維持できる。 It should be noted that one cooling unit 12a may be arranged in the vehicle body, and only the cold storage unit 12b may be arranged in the plurality of vehicle bodies. In this case, a plurality of cool storage units 12b are stored by a single cooling unit 12a, and a plurality of cool storage units are sequentially used in succession to maintain a cooling state for a long time.
　また、他の実施の形態として、車体３に創冷部１２ａを配置せず、創冷部は、充電スタンド近傍に配置した専用の創冷部又は家庭内の冷蔵庫を利用する。即ち、蓄冷材容器３５を複数個用意しておき、該蓄冷材容器３５内の蓄冷材３６を、スタンドにおける専用の創冷手段又は家庭の創冷手段で蓄冷（凝固）しておく。創冷手段は、上述したペルチェ素子を用いるものでも、コンプレッサを用いるものでもよく、その動力源は、商用電源でも自家発電電源又は内燃エンジンでもよい。そして、超小型電気自動車１が、スタンド又はガレージに寄った際、車体内にある蓄冷無しの蓄冷材容器３５と上記予め蓄冷状態にある蓄冷材容器とを交換し、熱交換部５１を該蓄冷状態にある蓄冷材容器内に装着する。 Moreover, as another embodiment, the cooling unit 12a is not disposed in the vehicle body 3, and the cooling unit uses a dedicated cooling unit disposed near the charging stand or a domestic refrigerator. That is, a plurality of cool storage material containers 35 are prepared, and the cool storage material 36 in the cool storage material container 35 is stored (solidified) by a dedicated cooling means in a stand or a home cooling means. The cooling means may use the above-described Peltier element or a compressor, and the power source may be a commercial power source, a private power source or an internal combustion engine. When the micro electric vehicle 1 approaches a stand or a garage, the cool storage material container 35 having no cold storage in the vehicle body is replaced with the cold storage material container in the cold storage state in advance, and the heat exchange unit 51 is stored in the cold storage. Install it in the cool storage container.
　本実施の形態では、創冷部１２ａが車体内に不要となり、その分スペースに余裕があるので、複数の蓄冷材容器３５を車体内に配置することが容易となる。また、走行用バッテリをスタンドで充電済のバッテリと交換する方式に用いて好適であり、短時間にバッテリの交換と共に、上記蓄冷材容器の交換を行うことができる。 In the present embodiment, the cooling unit 12a is not required in the vehicle body, and there is a space for that, so that it is easy to arrange a plurality of cold storage material containers 35 in the vehicle body. Moreover, it is suitable for the method of replacing | exchanging the battery for driving | running | working with the battery charged with the stand, and replacement | exchange of the said cool storage material container can be performed with replacement | exchange of a battery in a short time.
　また、蓄冷材容器３５は、車体内に搭載されているものをそのまま用いて超小型自動車１の充電時、又は使用開始に際して、専用の創冷手段又は冷蔵庫で作成された凝固された蓄冷材、例えば氷を取り出して、蓄冷材容器３５内に供給するようにしてもよい。これにより、超小型自動車の走行、使用時、上記容器３５内に供給された蓄冷材により車内の冷房が行われる。この場合の創冷部は、商用電源を常時用いることができるので、必ずしもペルチェ素子を用いる必要はなく、電気モータで駆動されるコンプレッサを用いてもよい。またこの場合、蓄冷材容器３５の底部に、融解された蓄冷材（水）排出用のドレンコックが設けられる。 In addition, the regenerator material container 35 is a solidified regenerator material created by a dedicated refrigerating means or a refrigerator at the time of charging or starting use of the ultra-small automobile 1 using the one mounted in the vehicle body as it is, For example, the ice may be taken out and supplied into the cold storage material container 35. Thereby, the cooling of the inside of the vehicle is performed by the cold storage material supplied into the container 35 during the running and use of the micro-mini vehicle. Since the cooling unit in this case can always use a commercial power source, it is not always necessary to use a Peltier element, and a compressor driven by an electric motor may be used. In this case, a drain cock for discharging the melted cold storage material (water) is provided at the bottom of the cold storage material container 35.
　なお、上記実施の形態は、定格出力８［ｋＷ］以下の超小型電気自動車（超小型モビリティ）に適用して説明したが、動力源は、最大連続定格出力１５［ｋＷ］以下の電気モータでもよく、また必ずしも電気モータに限らず、１２５［ｃｃ］以下の内燃エンジンを用いるものにも同様に適用でき、またフィリピン等で用いられる小型の３輪乗合い自動車にも同様に適用可能である。要は、動力源が小型でコンプレッサ等の創冷手段を駆動することが困難な小型自動車に適用可能である。 In addition, although the said embodiment applied and demonstrated to the ultra-small electric vehicle (ultra-compact mobility) below the rated output of 8 [kW], a power source may be an electric motor of the maximum continuous rated output of 15 [kW] or less. In addition, the present invention is not necessarily limited to an electric motor, and can be similarly applied to a vehicle using an internal combustion engine of 125 [cc] or less, and can be similarly applied to a small three-wheeled vehicle used in the Philippines and the like. In short, the present invention can be applied to a small automobile in which a power source is small and it is difficult to drive a cooling means such as a compressor.
　本発明は、定格出力１５［ｋＷ］以下の超小型電気自動車等の、走行用動力源では冷房装置を駆動することが困難な小型車両に利用される冷房装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a cooling device used for a small vehicle in which it is difficult to drive the cooling device with a traveling power source such as a micro electric vehicle having a rated output of 15 [kW] or less.
　１　　小型車両（超小型電気自動車）
　２ａ　電気モータ、インホイールモータ
　３　　車体
　７　　バッテリ
１２　　冷房装置
１２ａ　創冷部（手段）
１２ｂ　蓄冷部
１２ｃ　放冷部
２０　　吹出し部材（フード）
２３　　熱電変換素子（ペルチェ素子）
３１ａ，３１ｂ　吸熱側、戻り側パイプ
３２　　吸熱ポンプ
３５　　蓄冷材容器（保冷容器、魔法瓶）
３６　　蓄冷材
３９　　放冷ラジエータ
４０　　放冷ファン
４５ａ，４５ｂ　吹出し口
４９ａ，４９ｂ　放冷側、戻り側パイプ
５０　　放冷ポンプ
５１　　熱交換部 1 Small vehicle (ultra-small electric vehicle)
2a Electric motor, In-wheel motor 3 Car body 7 Battery 12 Cooling device 12a Cooling unit (means)
12b Cold storage unit 12c Cooling unit 20 Blowout member (hood)
23 Thermoelectric conversion element (Peltier element)
31a, 31b Endothermic side, return side pipe 32 Endothermic pump 35 Cold storage container (cold container, thermos)
36 Cool storage material 39 Cooling radiator 40 Cooling fan 45a, 45b Outlet port 49a, 49b Cooling side, return side pipe 50 Cooling pump 51 Heat exchanger

Claims (9)

  1. 　小型の動力源により走行する小型車両用冷房装置において、
    　蓄冷材を収納する蓄冷材容器と、
    　放冷ファンを有する放冷ラジエータと、
    　前記放冷ファンにより前記放冷ラジエータを通る空気を車体内に向けて吹き出す吹出し部材と、を車体に備え、
    　前記走行用の動力源以外の動力源により蓄冷された前記蓄冷材容器内の蓄冷材と該蓄冷材容器内にて熱交換される冷媒を、前記放冷ラジエータとの間で循環して、該放冷ラジエータで前記冷媒と熱交換された冷風を前記吹出し部材から吹き出すことを特徴とする小型車両用冷房装置。     In a cooling system for a small vehicle that travels with a small power source,
    A cold storage material container for storing the cold storage material;
    A cooling radiator having a cooling fan;
    A blowout member that blows out air passing through the cooling radiator toward the inside of the vehicle body by the cooling fan;
    Circulating a regenerator material in the regenerator material container that is regenerated by a power source other than the power source for traveling and a refrigerant that exchanges heat in the regenerator material container between the cooler radiator, A cooling apparatus for a small vehicle, characterized in that cold air heat-exchanged with the refrigerant by a cooling radiator is blown out from the blowing member.
  2. 　前記蓄冷材容器を複数個用意しておき、前記車体外において蓄冷した蓄冷材を収納した前記蓄冷材容器を、放冷した蓄冷材を収納した前記車体内の蓄冷材容器と交換して、前記蓄冷した蓄冷材を収納した前記蓄冷材容器を前記車体内に設置してなる、
    　請求項１記載の小型車両用冷房装置。     A plurality of the cool storage material containers are prepared, the cool storage material container storing the cool storage material stored outside the vehicle body is replaced with the cool storage material container in the vehicle body storing the cool storage material, The cold storage material container that stores the cold storage material is stored in the vehicle body,
    The cooling device for a small vehicle according to claim 1.
  3. 　前記蓄冷材との間で熱交換して、該蓄冷材に蓄冷する創冷手段を前記車体内に配置し、前記小型車両の停車中に前記創冷手段を外部電源で駆動してなる、
    　請求項１記載の小型車両用冷房装置。     A heat generating means for exchanging heat with the cold storage material and storing the cold storage material in the cold storage material is disposed in the vehicle body, and the cold cooling means is driven by an external power source while the small vehicle is stopped.
    The cooling device for a small vehicle according to claim 1.
  4. 　前記小型車両を走行する前記小型の動力源が、定格出力１５［ｋＷ］以下の電気モータであり、
    　該電気モータ用のバッテリを前記小型車両に備え、該バッテリを充電する際に、前記創冷手段を前記外部電源で駆動して、前記蓄冷材に蓄冷してなる、
    　請求項３記載の小型車両用冷房装置。     The small power source that travels the small vehicle is an electric motor having a rated output of 15 [kW] or less,
    The battery for the electric motor is provided in the small vehicle, and when the battery is charged, the cooling means is driven by the external power source, and is stored in the cold storage material.
    The cooling device for a small vehicle according to claim 3.
  5. 　前記創冷手段が、熱電変換素子である、
    　請求項３又は４記載の小型車両用冷房装置。     The cooling means is a thermoelectric conversion element;
    The cooling device for a small vehicle according to claim 3 or 4.
  6. 　前記蓄冷材容器内に熱交換部を配置し、
    　蓄冷モードの場合、前記創冷手段と前記熱交換部との間に冷媒を循環して前記蓄冷材を凝固し、
    　放冷モードの場合、前記放冷ラジエータと前記熱交換部との間で冷媒を循環して前記蓄冷材を融解してなる、
    　請求項３ないし５のいずれか１項記載の小型車両用冷房装置。     A heat exchange part is arranged in the cold storage material container,
    In the case of the cold storage mode, the refrigerant is circulated between the cooling means and the heat exchange unit to solidify the cold storage material,
    In the case of the cooling mode, the refrigerant is circulated between the cooling radiator and the heat exchange unit to melt the cool storage material.
    The air conditioner for small vehicles according to any one of claims 3 to 5.
  7. 　前記蓄冷材容器を前記車体に複数台配置し、
    　前記蓄冷モードにあっては、前記創冷手段を駆動して前記複数の蓄冷材容器の蓄冷材を凝固し、
    　前記放冷モードにあっては、前記複数の蓄冷材容器の蓄冷材と前記放冷ラジエータとの間で順次熱交換してなる、
    　請求項６記載の小型車両用冷房装置。     A plurality of the cold storage material containers are arranged on the vehicle body,
    In the cold storage mode, the cooling means is driven to solidify the cold storage materials of the plurality of cold storage material containers,
    In the cooling mode, heat is sequentially exchanged between the cool storage material of the plurality of cool storage material containers and the cool radiator.
    The air conditioner for small vehicles according to claim 6.
  8. 　前記蓄冷材容器に、凝固した蓄冷材を供給してなる、
    　請求項１又は３ないし７のいずれか１項記載の小型車両用冷房装置。     Supplying the solidified cold storage material to the cold storage material container,
    The cooling device for a small vehicle according to claim 1 or any one of claims 3 to 7.
  9. 　前記蓄冷材容器が、魔法瓶である、
    　請求項１ないし７のいずれか１項記載の小型車両用冷房装置。     The cold storage container is a thermos;
    The air conditioner for small vehicles according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
PCT/JP2014/053607 2014-02-17 2014-02-17 Air-conditioning device for small vehicle WO2015122006A1 (en)

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