WO2015121880A1 - Prefabricated containment and protection structure usable for residential use - Google Patents

Prefabricated containment and protection structure usable for residential use Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015121880A1
WO2015121880A1 PCT/IT2014/000063 IT2014000063W WO2015121880A1 WO 2015121880 A1 WO2015121880 A1 WO 2015121880A1 IT 2014000063 W IT2014000063 W IT 2014000063W WO 2015121880 A1 WO2015121880 A1 WO 2015121880A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plate
containment structure
cavity
crosspieces
ribs
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IT2014/000063
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Angelo ARIENTI
Giampaolo MAGGI
Original Assignee
Nbc Shelter S.R.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nbc Shelter S.R.L. filed Critical Nbc Shelter S.R.L.
Publication of WO2015121880A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015121880A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/04—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against air-raid or other war-like actions
    • E04H9/10—Independent shelters; Arrangement of independent splinter-proof walls

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to the field of prefabricated structures comprising at least one cavity usable for residential use, i.e. at least partially hollow structures, sufficiently capacious to be able to act as residential units and whose obtainment at least partially occurs beforehand and at a different place with respect to the time and place of installation.
  • prefabricated structures comprising at least one cavity usable for residential use, i.e. at least partially hollow structures, sufficiently capacious to be able to act as residential units and whose obtainment at least partially occurs beforehand and at a different place with respect to the time and place of installation.
  • the present invention refers to a containment structure that acts, simultaneously and at least partially, as a structure to protect people and objects housable therein from attacks causable by means of the co-called "CBRN” weapons, i.e. of chemical and/or biological and/or radiological and/or nuclear type.
  • CBRN co-called chemical and/or biological and/or radiological and/or nuclear type.
  • Prefabricated containment structures usable for residential use and suitable for acting as a shelter from CBRN weapons are usually parallelepiped structures comprising at least one cavity delimited by a base, a roof and multiple lateral walls made of reinforced concrete conglomerate (commonly called "reinforced concrete").
  • reinforced concrete conglomerate commonly called "reinforced concrete”
  • Such residential units are generally fully prefabricated, i.e. they are assembled before transport to the place where they are intended to be used. This allows minimizing the activity required for the installation, but involves considerable disadvantages relative to the transport of the containment structure. Indeed, the latter being made of reinforced concrete conglomerate, it is extremely heavy and thus requires the use of transport means specifically conceived for such purpose.
  • the Italian industrial invention patent No. 1138840 owned by one of the two inventors, has as object a prefabricated containment structure usable for residential use and suitable to act as a shelter from CBRN, which solves the above-described problem.
  • the containment structure object of the aforesaid patent, has nearly parallelepiped form and comprises at least one cavity usable for residential use and delimited by walls made of steel.
  • each of the walls which delimit the cavity i.e. a base, a roof and four lateral walls, overall corresponding to the six faces of the parallelepiped
  • each of the walls which delimit the cavity comprises a steel plate provided, outside the cavity, with metal stiffening ribs integrally connected to a metal cage comprising bars and brackets suitable for acting as reinforcement for concrete conglomerate.
  • the installation of the containment structure comprises the steps of:
  • the walls of the containment structure thus become reinforced concrete conglomerate. Given that the concrete conglomerate is added to the containment structure only after the placement of the latter in the site of installation, the transport of the containment structure results much easier with respect to the fully prefabricated structures mentioned above.
  • the casting of concrete conglomerate is however carried out by using the walls and the bottom of the excavation as walls of a formwork. This prevents obtain- ing walls made of reinforced concrete conglomerate having a uniform and desired thickness.
  • the direct contact between the concrete conglomerate and the ground of the excavation facilitates the infiltration of water into the reinforced concrete conglomerate, thus compromising the durability thereof.
  • the direct contact between the concrete conglomerate and the ground of the excavation makes it extremely difficult to remove the containment structure when the use thereof is no longer necessary, and makes it extremely difficult to reuse the same.
  • the object of the present invention is to indicate a containment structure which, in addition to being easily transportable with respect to the fully prefabricated structure mentioned above, also allows overcoming the aforesaid drawbacks.
  • the subject of the present invention is a containment structure comprising a cavity usable for residential use and delimited by a base, a roof and at least one lateral wall,
  • the lateral wall comprising:
  • the lateral wall further comprises at least one second metal plate opposite the first plate, the first system of bars being interposed between the first and the second plate,
  • the first and the second plate being suitable for acting as a formwork so as to allow a casting of concrete conglomerate in a space comprised between the first and second plate, the first system of bars being suitable for acting as reinforcement of the concrete conglomerate when cast in said space.
  • first cage it is intended to identify said first system of bars.
  • the lateral walls of the containment structure can themselves act as a form work. Said lateral walls can therefore be filled with concrete conglomerate regardless of the possible burial of the containment structure.
  • the containment structure, subject of the present invention is capable of acting as a shelter against the CBRN weapons, even if it is not buried. Said burial is instead necessary for the installation of the containment structures of the prior art mentioned above since the casting of concrete conglomerate is carried out by using the sides and bottom of the excavation as walls of a formwork.
  • the second metal plate also acts as a shielding that prevents the infiltration of water into the reinforced concrete conglomerate present in the lateral walls of the containment structure, hence increasing the durability thereof.
  • the containment structure can act as a module of a modular containment system comprising multiple mutually connected containment structures, whose cavities are in communication with each other.
  • the containment structures can be horizontally or vertically fit next to each other without distinction.
  • the lateral wall comprises a second system of stiffening ribs integrally connected to the second plate.
  • the system of ribs is interposed between the first and the second plate.
  • the ribs system comprises a multiplicity of metal elements with elongated form indicated hereinafter with the expression "ribs”, each rib comprising a first longitudinal element integrally and transversely connected, at one edge thereof, to a second longitudinal element, each rib being opposite and integrally connected to the metal plate at the second longitudinal element.
  • the ribs are extended from the base to the roof of the containment structure.
  • the ribs are orthogonal to the base and to the roof.
  • the containment structure comprises a load-bearing structure including a multiplicity of upright beams which are extended from the base al roof of the containment structure.
  • a first group of uprights is integrally connected to the first plate.
  • a second group of uprights is integrally connected to the second plate.
  • the uprights are tubular elements having a polygonal cross section, by way of example rectangular or square.
  • the lateral wall is orthogonal to the base and to the roof
  • the uprights are orthogonal to the base and to the roof.
  • the uprights are interposed between the first and the second plate.
  • the ribs of said ribs system are extended transverse to the uprights, the ribs being interrupted at the intersection with the uprights.
  • the ribs which are extended from the base to the roof of the containment structure are interrupted at the intersection with the ribs which are extended transversely to the uprights.
  • the ribs comprise beams having T- shaped cross section.
  • the ribs comprise beams having L- shaped cross section.
  • the lateral wall comprises means for the mutual connection between the first and the second plate.
  • the mutual connection means comprise third longitudinal elements connected, at a first end, to the first longitudinal elements of the ribs, and at a second end, to the uprights opposite said first longitudinal elements.
  • the first cage is integrally connected to the third longitudinal elements.
  • the mutual connection means comprise fourth longitudinal elements connected to the first plate at a first end, and to the second plate at a second end.
  • the fourth longitudinal elements comprise beams having L-shaped cross section.
  • the fourth longitudinal elements are arranged orthogonal to the first and to the second plate.
  • the fourth longitudinal elements are arranged with the concavity of the L directed towards the base of the containment structure.
  • the first cage is integrally connected to the fourth longitudinal elements.
  • the base of the containment structure comprises:
  • the first corrugated sheet is integrally connected to the floor.
  • the base of the containment structure comprises a multiplicity of first crosspieces opposite the floor, the first crosspieces being on the opposite side of the floor with respect to the cavity.
  • the first crosspieces are integrally connected to the floor.
  • the first crosspieces are arranged transverse to the grooves of the first corrugated sheet.
  • the first crosspieces are arranged parallel to the grooves of the first corrugated sheet.
  • the first crosspieces are tubular elements having a polygonal cross section, by way of example rectangular or square.
  • the roof of the containment structure comprises:
  • the second system of bars being suitable for acting as reinforcement of concrete conglomerate cast on the ceiling, outside the cavity.
  • the second cage is integrally connected to the ceiling.
  • the second cage is integrally connected to the first cage.
  • the roof of the containment structure further comprises a multiplicity of second crosspieces opposite the ceiling, the second crosspieces being on the side opposite the ceiling with respect to the cavity.
  • the second crosspieces are integrally connected to the ceiling.
  • the second crosspieces are interposed between the ceiling and the second cage.
  • the second crosspieces comprise beams having a T-shaped cross section.
  • the second crosspieces are arranged so as to form a reticular structure.
  • the roof of the containment structure further comprises a second corrugated sheet opposite the ceiling, the second corrugated sheet being on the side opposite the ceiling with respect to the cavity.
  • the second corrugated sheet is integrally connected to the ceiling.
  • the second corrugated sheet is interposed between the ceiling and the second cage.
  • the containment structure comprises:
  • the concrete conglomerate when cast in said space, acting as a means for connecting the lateral wall to the bed.
  • FIG. 1 shows, in perspective view, a containment structure according to the present invention following a casting of concrete conglomerate at the lateral walls and the ceiling;
  • FIG. 2 shows, in perspective and schematic view, the containment structure di figure 1 before said casting of concrete conglomerate;
  • figure 3 shows, in front schematic view, a lateral wall of the containment structure of figure 1 before said casting of concrete conglomerate;
  • figure 4 shows the schematic right section of the containment structure of figure 1 , before said casting of concrete conglomerate;
  • figure 5 shows a first variant of the schematic right section of the containment structure of figure 1 before said casting of concrete conglomerate
  • FIG. 6 shows a second variant of the schematic front view of the containment structure di figure 1 before said casting of concrete conglomerate.
  • the containment structure acts as a structure of protection from attacks causable by means of CBRN weapons. It must be clear that the described structure is not limited to the aforesaid example but is employable as containment structure for housing people or objects for any purpose.
  • Figure 1 shows a containment structure 1, preferably rectangular parallelepiped, comprising a cavity 2 (visible in figures 2 and 4) delimited by a base 3, a roof 4, and four lateral walls 5, 6, 7 and 8 corresponding overall to the six faces of the parallelepiped.
  • the containment structure 1 is a shelter from the CBRN weapons, i.e. a structure capable of protecting people and objects lying inside the cavity 2 from the attacks causable by means of CBRN weapons.
  • the cavity 2 can be used for residential use and the containment structure 1 can be equipped with equipment and electrical, water and sanitary plants with which shelters from CBRN weapons are usually equipped. Given that such equipment and plants are of known type, they are not shown in the figures and, in the present description, their structure, function and mode of use are not illustrated.
  • the shelter 1 has the dimensions of a so-called "20-foot ISO container", i.e. it has a length preferably of 606 cm, a width of 244 cm and a height of 259 cm. This facilitates the transport thereof by means of common shipping, road and train means.
  • the shelter 1 is provided, at the lateral wall 5 (visible in perspective view in figure 1 ) with a door 9 and with a safety exit 10 by means of which it is possible to access the cavity 2.
  • Each lateral wall 5, 6, 7 and 8 comprises, at the face directed towards the outside of the shelter 1 , a multiplicity of preferably flat plates 11, mutually parallel and side-by-side with respect to each other.
  • Figures 2 to 4 show schematic views of the shelter 1 which allow illustrating the structure of its lateral walls 5, 6, 7 and 8, base 3 and roof 4.
  • the shelter 1 has a main load-bearing structure (partially visible in figure 2) comprising four uprights 15 and eight crosspieces 16 placed, overall, at the twelve edges of the rectangular parallelepiped.
  • the uprights 15 and the crosspieces 16 are metal tubular elements, preferably made of steel, with square cross section.
  • the square section has an external side of length comprised between 80 mm and 120 mm, and the walls of the tubular elements have a thickness comprised between 2 mm and 5 mm.
  • the lateral walls 5, 6, 7 and 8 preferably have the same structure that will be illustrated hereinbelow; in order to facilitate the exposition, reference is made to the lateral wall 7.
  • the lateral wall 7 comprises:
  • the plate 17 is preferably metallic, and still more preferably made of steel, and has a thickness preferably comprised between 2 mm and 5 mm.
  • the uprights 18 are extended from the ground to the roof 4 and act as a secondary load-bearing structure.
  • the uprights 18 are metal tubular elements, preferably made of steel, with square cross section.
  • the square section has an external side of length comprised between 30 mm and 100 mm, and the walls of the tubular elements have a thickness comprised between 2 mm and 5 mm.
  • the uprights 18 are welded, at one of the longitudinal faces thereof, to the plate 17;
  • the ribs 19 are metal beams, preferably made of steel, with T-shaped cross section.
  • the shank and the head of the T have a length comprised between 50 mm and 100 mm and have a thickness comprised between 2 mm and 5 mm.
  • the ribs 19 are welded, at the ends, to the uprights 18 and, along the longitudinal face thereof corresponding with the head of the T, to the plate 17.
  • the distance between two consecutive ribs 19 is preferably comprised between 50 cm and 100 cm;
  • the ribs 20 are metal beams, preferably made of steel, with T-shaped cross section.
  • the shank and the head of the T have a length comprised between 50 mm and 100 mm and have a thickness comprised between 2 mm and 5 mm.
  • the ribs 20 are welded, at the ends, to the ribs 19 and, along the longitudinal face thereof corresponding with the head of the T, to the plate 17.
  • the distance between two consecutive ribs 20 is preferably comprised between 10 cm and 20 cm.
  • the ribs 19 and 20 form a system of stiffening ribs for the plate 17;
  • a nearly parallelepiped cage 21 comprising bars and brackets, and suitable for acting as reinforcement for concrete conglomerate.
  • the cage 21 has a length and a width clearly greater than its thickness and is arranged parallel to the plate 17.
  • the bars and the brackets which compose the cage 21 are round, preferably metal, and still more preferably made of steel, with a cross section having a diameter preferably comprised between 8 mm and 25 mm;
  • the uprights 22 are extended from one of the crosspieces 16 to the other of the lateral wall 7 and also act as secondary load-bearing structure.
  • the uprights 22 are metal tubular elements, preferably made of steel, with square cross section.
  • the square section has an external side of length comprised between 30 mm and 100 mm, and the walls of the tubular elements have a thickness comprised between 2 mm and 5 mm.
  • the uprights 22 are welded, at the ends, to the crosspieces 16;
  • the ribs 23 are metal beams, preferably made of steel, with T-shaped cross section.
  • the shank and the head of the T have a length comprised between 50 mm and 100 mm and have a thickness comprised between 2 mm and 5 mm.
  • the ribs 23 are welded, at the ends, to the uprights 22. The distance between two consecutive ribs 23 is preferably comprised between 50 cm and 100 cm;
  • the ribs 24 are metal beams, preferably made of steel, with T-shaped cross section.
  • the shank and the head of the T have a length comprised between 50 mm and 100 mm and have a thickness comprised between 2 mm and 5 mm.
  • the ribs 24 are welded, at the ends, to the ribs 23.
  • the distance between two consecutive ribs 24 is preferably comprised between 10 cm and 20 cm;
  • the plates 11 are preferably metallic, and still more preferably made of steel, and have a thickness preferably comprised between 2 mm and 5 mm.
  • the plates 11 are welded, at the edges thereof, to the uprights 22 (along one of the longitudinal faces of the latter) and to the ribs 23 and 24 (along the longitudinal face of the latter corresponding with the head of the T).
  • the ribs 23 and 24 form a system of stiffening ribs for the plates 11.
  • the cage 21 is therefore interposed between the uprights 18 and the ribs 19 and 20, and the uprights 22 and the ribs 23 and 24.
  • the distance between the plates 17 and the plates 11 belonging same lateral wall is comprised between 20 cm and 50 cm.
  • the lateral wall 7 further comprises a multiplicity of longitudinal elements 25, preferably plates, acting as spacers between the plate 17 and the plates 11.
  • the spacers 25 are made of metal, preferably made of steel, and are welded, at one end, to the uprights 22 and, at the opposite end, to the ribs 20, along the longitudinal face of the latter corresponding to the shank of the T and at the intersection between the ribs 20 and the ribs 19.
  • the spacers 25 have a width comprised between 50 mm and 100 mm and have a thickness preferably comprised between 2 mm and 5 mm.
  • the distance between two consecutive spacers 25 is preferably comprised between 50 cm and 100 cm.
  • the spacers 25 traverse the cage 21 and preferably are integrally connected to the latter.
  • the base 3 comprises:
  • a preferably flat plate 30 (visible in figure 4), arranged orthogonal to the lateral walls 5, 6, 7 and 8.
  • the plate 30 acts as a floor of the shelter 1 , is preferably metallic, and still more preferably made of steel, and has a thickness preferably comprised between 2 mm and 5 mm.
  • the plate 30 is welded, along the edges thereof, to the plates 17 of the lateral walls 5, 6, 7 and 8;
  • the sheet 31 is made of metal, and still more preferably made of steel, has a thickness comprised between 1 mm and 3 mm and has a cross section having a thickness comprised between 60 and 120 mm.
  • the sheet 31 is welded, on the upper part in figure 4, to the plate 30, and along the edges thereof, to the plates 17 of the lateral walls 5, 6, 7 and 8;
  • the crosspieces 32 are preferably rectilinear crosspieces 32 (figure 2), mutually parallel and arranged parallel to the plate 30.
  • the crosspieces 32 traverse the sheet 31 transverse to the grooves thereof, so as to divide the sheet 31 into mutually coplanar multiple sheet portions.
  • the crosspieces 32 are thus interposed with said sheet portions 31 and are extended from the plate 17 of the lateral wall 5 to the plate 17 of the lateral wall 7.
  • the crosspieces 32 also act as secondary load-bearing structure.
  • the crosspieces 32 are metal tubular elements, preferably made of steel, with square cross section.
  • the square section has an external side of length comprised between 60 mm and 120 mm, and the walls of the tubular elements have a thickness comprised between 2 mm and 5 mm.
  • the crosspieces 32 are welded, on the upper part in figure 4, to the plate 30 and, at the ends, to the plates 17.
  • the roof 4 comprises:
  • a preferably flat plate 35 (visible in figure 4), arranged orthogonal to the lateral walls 5, 6, 7 and 8.
  • the plate 35 acts as a roof of the shelter 1 , is preferably metal, and still more preferably made of steel, and has a thickness preferably comprised between 2 mm and 5 mm.
  • the plate 35 is welded, along the edges thereof, to the plates 17 of the lateral walls 5, 6, 7 and 8;
  • the crosspieces 36 and 39 are metal beams, preferably lattice rods made of steel, or beams made of concrete conglomerate, and have a T-shaped cross section.
  • the shank and the head of the T have a thickness comprised between 60 mm and 200 mm.
  • the crosspieces 39 are connected to the uprights 18 along the lower longitudinal face thereof in figure 3.
  • the crosspieces 36 are connected, at the ends, to the crosspieces 39 and, along the lower longitudinal face thereof in figure 4 and corresponding to the head of the T, to the plate 35;
  • a nearly parallelepiped cage 37 comprising bars and brackets, and suitable for acting as reinforcement for concrete conglomerate.
  • the cage 37 has a length and a clearly greater width than its thickness and is arranged parallel to the plate 35.
  • the bars and the brackets that compose the cage are rod, preferably metal, and still more preferably made of steel, with a cross section having a diameter preferably comprised between 8 mm and 25 mm.
  • the cage 37 is preferably welded, along the edges thereof, to the edges, upper edges in figure 4, of the cages 21.
  • the roof 4 further comprises a multiplicity of longitudinal elements 38 acting as spacers between the cage 37 and the crosspieces 36.
  • the spacers 38 are made of metal, preferably made of steel, and are welded, at one end, orthogonal to the plate 35 and, at least at the opposite end, to the cage 37.
  • the space 40 present between the plates 17 and the plates 11 of the lateral walls 5, 6, 7 and 8 is tillable with concrete conglomerate 12, using said plates 11 and 17 as walls of a formwork.
  • the cages 21 are in such a manner embedded in the concrete conglomerate, which thus becomes reinforced concrete conglomerate.
  • the shelter 1 shown in figure 1 is obtained.
  • the concrete conglomerate is of baric type.
  • FIG. 5 shows, in right section, a schematic view of a shelter 50 that differs from the shelter 1 of figure 1 due to the presence of a foundation bed 51 made of concrete conglomerate settable on the ground.
  • the bed 51 has the shape of a plate having a thickness suitable for the load-bearing capacity of the ground on which it rests, and a length and a width greater than those of the base 3.
  • the bed 51 rests on a ground having a load- bearing capacity of 1 kg/cm 2 , it has a thickness comprised between 20 cm and 30 cm.
  • a multiplicity of U- shaped metal bars 52 with the base of the U embedded in the concrete conglomerate of the bed 51 and the two arms of the U arranged preferably orthogonal to the bed 51 and directed upward in the figure.
  • the bars 52 constitute a kind of third cage suitable for acting as a reinforcement for concrete conglomerate and they are arranged to delimit a rectangle nearly corresponding with the base 3. The latter rests on the bed 51 in a manner such that the bars 52 penetrate the space 40 in the lateral walls 5, 6, 7 and 8.
  • the bars 52 are rods, made of steel with a cross section having a diameter preferably comprised between 8 mm and 25 mm.
  • Figure 6 shows, in schematic front view, a schematic view of a shelter 60 which differs from the shelter 1 of figure 1 due to the following characteristics:
  • the base 3 of the containment structure 60 comprises a multiplicity of preferably rectilinear crosspieces 61 , mutually parallel and arranged parallel to the plate 30.
  • the crosspieces 61 traverse the sheet 31 parallel to the grooves thereof, so as to divide the sheet 31 into mutually coplanar multiple sheet portions.
  • the crosspieces 61 are then interposed with said sheet portions 31 and they are extended from the plate 17 of the lateral wall 6 to the plate 17 of the lateral wall 8.
  • the crosspieces 61 also act as secondary load-bearing structure.
  • the crosspieces 61 are metal tubular elements, preferably made of steel, with square cross section.
  • the square section has an external side of length comprised between 60 mm and 120 mm, and the walls of the tubular elements have a thickness comprised between 2 mm and 5 mm.
  • the crosspieces 61 are welded, on the upper part in figure 6, to the plate 30 and, at the ends, to the plates 17;
  • the roof 4 of the containment structure 60 comprises a corrugated sheet 62 preferably arranged parallel to the plate 35 and resting thereon.
  • the sheet 62 is made of metal, and still more preferably made of steel, has a thickness comprised between 1 mm and 3 mm and has a cross section having a thickness comprised between 60 and 120 mm.
  • the sheet 62 is welded, on the lower part in figure 6, to the plate 35, and along the edges thereof, to the plates 17 of the lateral walls 5, 6, 7 and 8.
  • the crosspieces 36 traverse the sheet 62 parallel and/or transverse with respect to the grooves thereof, so as to divide the sheet 62 into mutually coplanar multiple sheet portions.
  • the crosspieces 36 are then interposed with said sheet portions 62.
  • the lateral walls 5, 6, 7 and 8 comprise a multiplicity of longitudinal elements 63 acting as tie rods between the plate 17 and the plates 11.
  • the tie rods 63 are made of metal, preferably made of steel, and are welded at one end to the plate 17 and at the opposite end to the plate 11.
  • the tie rods 63 are beams having an L-shaped cross section, and they are arranged orthogonal to the plates 11 and 17 between which they are interposed, with the concavity of the L directed towards the base 3.
  • Each arm of the L has a width comprised between 10 mm and 50 mm and has a thickness preferably comprised between 2 mm and 5 mm.
  • the distance between two consecutive tie rods 63 is preferably comprised between 10 cm and 50 cm.
  • the tie rods 63 traverse the cage 21 and are preferably integrally connected to the latter.

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  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention refers to a containment structure (1) comprising a cavity (2) delimited by a base (3), a roof (4) and four lateral walls (5, 6, 7, 8). Each lateral wall comprises a first metal cage (21) suitable for acting as reinforcement for concrete conglomerate, enclosed between a metal plate adjacent to the cavity, and a multiplicity of metal plates and stiffening ribs placed at the external face of the lateral wall. The internal plates and the external plates are provided with ribs, both longitudinal and transverse, and they are integrally connected to uprights (15).

Description

Prefabricated containment and protection structure usable for residential use
Field of application of the invention
The present invention refers to the field of prefabricated structures comprising at least one cavity usable for residential use, i.e. at least partially hollow structures, sufficiently capacious to be able to act as residential units and whose obtainment at least partially occurs beforehand and at a different place with respect to the time and place of installation. In order to facilitate the exposition, hereinafter, with the expression "containment structure" reference will be made to a prefabricated structure of the aforesaid type.
More precisely, the present invention refers to a containment structure that acts, simultaneously and at least partially, as a structure to protect people and objects housable therein from attacks causable by means of the co-called "CBRN" weapons, i.e. of chemical and/or biological and/or radiological and/or nuclear type.
Review of the prior art
Prefabricated containment structures usable for residential use and suitable for acting as a shelter from CBRN weapons are usually parallelepiped structures comprising at least one cavity delimited by a base, a roof and multiple lateral walls made of reinforced concrete conglomerate (commonly called "reinforced concrete"). Such residential units are generally fully prefabricated, i.e. they are assembled before transport to the place where they are intended to be used. This allows minimizing the activity required for the installation, but involves considerable disadvantages relative to the transport of the containment structure. Indeed, the latter being made of reinforced concrete conglomerate, it is extremely heavy and thus requires the use of transport means specifically conceived for such purpose.
The Italian industrial invention patent No. 1138840, owned by one of the two inventors, has as object a prefabricated containment structure usable for residential use and suitable to act as a shelter from CBRN, which solves the above-described problem.
The containment structure, object of the aforesaid patent, has nearly parallelepiped form and comprises at least one cavity usable for residential use and delimited by walls made of steel. In particular, each of the walls which delimit the cavity (i.e. a base, a roof and four lateral walls, overall corresponding to the six faces of the parallelepiped) comprises a steel plate provided, outside the cavity, with metal stiffening ribs integrally connected to a metal cage comprising bars and brackets suitable for acting as reinforcement for concrete conglomerate.
The installation of the containment structure, subject of the aforesaid patent, comprises the steps of:
a) obtaining an excavation that is sufficiently wide to allow the complete burial of the containment structure;
b) placing the containment structure inside the excavation;
c) casting concrete conglomerate on the containment structure so as to completely embed the metal cages integrally connected to the ribs of the walls.
The walls of the containment structure thus become reinforced concrete conglomerate. Given that the concrete conglomerate is added to the containment structure only after the placement of the latter in the site of installation, the transport of the containment structure results much easier with respect to the fully prefabricated structures mentioned above.
The casting of concrete conglomerate is however carried out by using the walls and the bottom of the excavation as walls of a formwork. This prevents obtain- ing walls made of reinforced concrete conglomerate having a uniform and desired thickness. In addition, the direct contact between the concrete conglomerate and the ground of the excavation facilitates the infiltration of water into the reinforced concrete conglomerate, thus compromising the durability thereof. In addition, the direct contact between the concrete conglomerate and the ground of the excavation makes it extremely difficult to remove the containment structure when the use thereof is no longer necessary, and makes it extremely difficult to reuse the same.
Object of the invention
The object of the present invention is to indicate a containment structure which, in addition to being easily transportable with respect to the fully prefabricated structure mentioned above, also allows overcoming the aforesaid drawbacks. Summary of the invention
The subject of the present invention is a containment structure comprising a cavity usable for residential use and delimited by a base, a roof and at least one lateral wall,
the lateral wall comprising:
• at least one first metal plate;
• a first system of stiffening ribs integrally connected to the first plate;
· a first system of metal bars suitable for acting as reinforcement for concrete conglomerate, the first system of bars being on the side opposite the first plate with respect to the cavity,
wherein, according to the invention, the lateral wall further comprises at least one second metal plate opposite the first plate, the first system of bars being interposed between the first and the second plate,
the first and the second plate being suitable for acting as a formwork so as to allow a casting of concrete conglomerate in a space comprised between the first and second plate, the first system of bars being suitable for acting as reinforcement of the concrete conglomerate when cast in said space.
Hereinafter, with the expression "first cage" it is intended to identify said first system of bars.
Advantageously, due to the presence of the second plate, the lateral walls of the containment structure can themselves act as a form work. Said lateral walls can therefore be filled with concrete conglomerate regardless of the possible burial of the containment structure. In other words, the containment structure, subject of the present invention, is capable of acting as a shelter against the CBRN weapons, even if it is not buried. Said burial is instead necessary for the installation of the containment structures of the prior art mentioned above since the casting of concrete conglomerate is carried out by using the sides and bottom of the excavation as walls of a formwork.
In addition to that said, in the case in which the containment structure of the present invention is buried, given that there is no longer any direct contact between the concrete conglomerate and the ground, the removal of the containment structure results easier with respect to the abovementioned containment structures of the prior art. The second metal plate also acts as a shielding that prevents the infiltration of water into the reinforced concrete conglomerate present in the lateral walls of the containment structure, hence increasing the durability thereof.
Advantageously, the containment structure, subject of the invention, can act as a module of a modular containment system comprising multiple mutually connected containment structures, whose cavities are in communication with each other. The containment structures can be horizontally or vertically fit next to each other without distinction.
By way of example, it is possible to obtain a containment structure which acts as a residential module capable of housing four people. In such case, if there is the need to arrange a containment structure in which, by way of example, ten people can be housed, rather than obtaining only one containment structure "ad hoc" having the desired housing capacity, it is possible to arrange a modular containment system by combining three of the aforesaid residential modules. Further innovative characteristics of the present invention are described in the dependent claims.
According to one aspect of the invention, the lateral wall comprises a second system of stiffening ribs integrally connected to the second plate.
According to another aspect of the invention, the system of ribs is interposed between the first and the second plate.
According to another aspect of the invention, the ribs system comprises a multiplicity of metal elements with elongated form indicated hereinafter with the expression "ribs", each rib comprising a first longitudinal element integrally and transversely connected, at one edge thereof, to a second longitudinal element, each rib being opposite and integrally connected to the metal plate at the second longitudinal element.
According to another aspect of the invention, the ribs are extended from the base to the roof of the containment structure.
According to another aspect of the invention in which the base and the roof are mutually parallel and the lateral wall is orthogonal to the base and to the roof, the ribs are orthogonal to the base and to the roof.
According to another aspect of the invention, the containment structure comprises a load-bearing structure including a multiplicity of upright beams which are extended from the base al roof of the containment structure.
According to another aspect of the invention, a first group of uprights is integrally connected to the first plate.
According to another aspect of the invention, a second group of uprights is integrally connected to the second plate.
According to another aspect of the invention, the uprights are tubular elements having a polygonal cross section, by way of example rectangular or square.
According to another aspect of the invention in which the base and the roof are mutually parallel the lateral wall is orthogonal to the base and to the roof, the uprights are orthogonal to the base and to the roof.
According to another aspect of the invention, the uprights are interposed between the first and the second plate.
According to another aspect of the invention, the ribs of said ribs system are extended transverse to the uprights, the ribs being interrupted at the intersection with the uprights.
According to another aspect of the invention, the ribs which are extended from the base to the roof of the containment structure are interrupted at the intersection with the ribs which are extended transversely to the uprights. According to another aspect of the invention, the ribs comprise beams having T- shaped cross section.
According to another aspect of the invention, the ribs comprise beams having L- shaped cross section.
According to another aspect of the invention, the lateral wall comprises means for the mutual connection between the first and the second plate.
According to another aspect of the invention, the mutual connection means comprise third longitudinal elements connected, at a first end, to the first longitudinal elements of the ribs, and at a second end, to the uprights opposite said first longitudinal elements.
According to another aspect of the invention, the first cage is integrally connected to the third longitudinal elements.
According to another aspect of the invention, the mutual connection means comprise fourth longitudinal elements connected to the first plate at a first end, and to the second plate at a second end.
According to another aspect of the invention, the fourth longitudinal elements comprise beams having L-shaped cross section.
According to another aspect of the invention, the fourth longitudinal elements are arranged orthogonal to the first and to the second plate.
According to another aspect of the invention, the fourth longitudinal elements are arranged with the concavity of the L directed towards the base of the containment structure.
According to another aspect of the invention, the first cage is integrally connected to the fourth longitudinal elements.
According to another aspect of the invention, the base of the containment structure comprises:
• at least one third plate indicated hereinafter with the expression "floor";
• at least one first corrugated sheet opposite the floor, the first corrugated sheet being on the opposite side of the floor with respect to the cavity.
According to another aspect of the invention, the first corrugated sheet is integrally connected to the floor.
According to another aspect of the invention, the base of the containment structure comprises a multiplicity of first crosspieces opposite the floor, the first crosspieces being on the opposite side of the floor with respect to the cavity. According to another aspect of the invention, the first crosspieces are integrally connected to the floor.
According to another aspect of the invention, the first crosspieces are arranged transverse to the grooves of the first corrugated sheet.
According to another aspect of the invention, the first crosspieces are arranged parallel to the grooves of the first corrugated sheet.
According to another aspect of the invention, the first crosspieces are tubular elements having a polygonal cross section, by way of example rectangular or square.
According to another aspect of the invention, the roof of the containment structure comprises:
• at least one fourth plate indicated hereinafter with the expression "ceiling"; · a second system of metal bars lying on the opposite side of the ceiling with respect to the cavity,
the second system of bars being suitable for acting as reinforcement of concrete conglomerate cast on the ceiling, outside the cavity.
Hereinafter, with the expression "second cage" it is intended to identify said second system of bars.
According to another aspect of the invention, the second cage is integrally connected to the ceiling.
According to another aspect of the invention, the second cage is integrally connected to the first cage.
According to another aspect of the invention, the roof of the containment structure further comprises a multiplicity of second crosspieces opposite the ceiling, the second crosspieces being on the side opposite the ceiling with respect to the cavity.
According to another aspect of the invention, the second crosspieces are integrally connected to the ceiling.
According to another aspect of the invention, the second crosspieces are interposed between the ceiling and the second cage. According to another aspect of the invention, the second crosspieces comprise beams having a T-shaped cross section.
According to another aspect of the invention, the second crosspieces are arranged so as to form a reticular structure.
According to another aspect of the invention, the roof of the containment structure further comprises a second corrugated sheet opposite the ceiling, the second corrugated sheet being on the side opposite the ceiling with respect to the cavity.
According to another aspect of the invention, the second corrugated sheet is integrally connected to the ceiling.
According to another aspect of the invention, the second corrugated sheet is interposed between the ceiling and the second cage.
According to another aspect of the invention, the containment structure comprises:
· at least one foundation bed settable on the ground and including concrete conglomerate, said base being settable on said bed;
• a third system of metal bars integrally connected to the bed at least at a first end, and at least partially insertable starting from a second end opposite the first end, in said space comprised between the first and the second plate of the lateral wall when the base rests on the bed,
the concrete conglomerate, when cast in said space, acting as a means for connecting the lateral wall to the bed.
Hereinbelow in the present description, the expression "foundation bed" will be more briefly identified as a plate.
Brief description of the figures
Further objects and advantages of the present invention will be clearer from the following detailed description of an embodiment thereof and by the enclosed drawings, given as a merely exemplifying and non-limiting example, in which:
- figure 1 shows, in perspective view, a containment structure according to the present invention following a casting of concrete conglomerate at the lateral walls and the ceiling;
- figure 2 shows, in perspective and schematic view, the containment structure di figure 1 before said casting of concrete conglomerate;
- figure 3 shows, in front schematic view, a lateral wall of the containment structure of figure 1 before said casting of concrete conglomerate;
- figure 4 shows the schematic right section of the containment structure of figure 1 , before said casting of concrete conglomerate;
- figure 5 shows a first variant of the schematic right section of the containment structure of figure 1 before said casting of concrete conglomerate;
- figure 6 shows a second variant of the schematic front view of the containment structure di figure 1 before said casting of concrete conglomerate.
Detailed description of some preferred embodiments of the invention
In the present description, in order to facilitate the exposition, reference is only made to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in which the containment structure acts as a structure of protection from attacks causable by means of CBRN weapons. It must be clear that the described structure is not limited to the aforesaid example but is employable as containment structure for housing people or objects for any purpose.
Hereinafter, a figure can be illustrated also with reference to elements not expressly indicated in that figure but in other figures. The scale and proportions of the various depicted elements do not necessarily correspond to actual scale and proportions.
Figure 1 shows a containment structure 1, preferably rectangular parallelepiped, comprising a cavity 2 (visible in figures 2 and 4) delimited by a base 3, a roof 4, and four lateral walls 5, 6, 7 and 8 corresponding overall to the six faces of the parallelepiped. The containment structure 1 is a shelter from the CBRN weapons, i.e. a structure capable of protecting people and objects lying inside the cavity 2 from the attacks causable by means of CBRN weapons. For such purpose, the cavity 2 can be used for residential use and the containment structure 1 can be equipped with equipment and electrical, water and sanitary plants with which shelters from CBRN weapons are usually equipped. Given that such equipment and plants are of known type, they are not shown in the figures and, in the present description, their structure, function and mode of use are not illustrated.
In order to facilitate the exposition, hereinafter reference will be made to the containment structure 1 by using the expression "shelter".
By way of example, the shelter 1 has the dimensions of a so-called "20-foot ISO container", i.e. it has a length preferably of 606 cm, a width of 244 cm and a height of 259 cm. This facilitates the transport thereof by means of common shipping, road and train means.
The shelter 1 is provided, at the lateral wall 5 (visible in perspective view in figure 1 ) with a door 9 and with a safety exit 10 by means of which it is possible to access the cavity 2. Each lateral wall 5, 6, 7 and 8 comprises, at the face directed towards the outside of the shelter 1 , a multiplicity of preferably flat plates 11, mutually parallel and side-by-side with respect to each other. At the roof 4, it is possible to observe the presence of concrete conglomerate 12.
Figures 2 to 4 show schematic views of the shelter 1 which allow illustrating the structure of its lateral walls 5, 6, 7 and 8, base 3 and roof 4.
The shelter 1 has a main load-bearing structure (partially visible in figure 2) comprising four uprights 15 and eight crosspieces 16 placed, overall, at the twelve edges of the rectangular parallelepiped. By way of example, the uprights 15 and the crosspieces 16 are metal tubular elements, preferably made of steel, with square cross section. Preferably, the square section has an external side of length comprised between 80 mm and 120 mm, and the walls of the tubular elements have a thickness comprised between 2 mm and 5 mm.
The lateral walls 5, 6, 7 and 8 preferably have the same structure that will be illustrated hereinbelow; in order to facilitate the exposition, reference is made to the lateral wall 7.
Starting from the cavity 2 and proceeding towards the outside of the shelter 1 , the lateral wall 7 comprises:
• a preferably flat plate 17 arranged orthogonal to the base 3 and to the roof 4 of the shelter 1. The plate 17 is preferably metallic, and still more preferably made of steel, and has a thickness preferably comprised between 2 mm and 5 mm. a multiplicity of preferably rectilinear uprights 18, arranged orthogonal to the base 3 and to the roof 4 of the shelter . The uprights 18 are extended from the ground to the roof 4 and act as a secondary load-bearing structure. By way of example, the uprights 18 are metal tubular elements, preferably made of steel, with square cross section. Preferably, the square section has an external side of length comprised between 30 mm and 100 mm, and the walls of the tubular elements have a thickness comprised between 2 mm and 5 mm. The uprights 18 are welded, at one of the longitudinal faces thereof, to the plate 17;
a multiplicity of preferably rectilinear ribs 19, interposed between the uprights 18 and preferably orthogonal thereto. By way of example, the ribs 19 are metal beams, preferably made of steel, with T-shaped cross section. Preferably, the shank and the head of the T have a length comprised between 50 mm and 100 mm and have a thickness comprised between 2 mm and 5 mm. The ribs 19 are welded, at the ends, to the uprights 18 and, along the longitudinal face thereof corresponding with the head of the T, to the plate 17. The distance between two consecutive ribs 19 is preferably comprised between 50 cm and 100 cm;
a multiplicity of preferably rectilinear ribs 20, interposed between the ribs 19 and preferably orthogonal thereto. By way of example, analogous to the ribs 19, the ribs 20 are metal beams, preferably made of steel, with T-shaped cross section. Preferably, the shank and the head of the T have a length comprised between 50 mm and 100 mm and have a thickness comprised between 2 mm and 5 mm. The ribs 20 are welded, at the ends, to the ribs 19 and, along the longitudinal face thereof corresponding with the head of the T, to the plate 17. The distance between two consecutive ribs 20 is preferably comprised between 10 cm and 20 cm. The ribs 19 and 20 form a system of stiffening ribs for the plate 17;
a nearly parallelepiped cage 21 comprising bars and brackets, and suitable for acting as reinforcement for concrete conglomerate. The cage 21 has a length and a width clearly greater than its thickness and is arranged parallel to the plate 17. By way of example, the bars and the brackets which compose the cage 21 are round, preferably metal, and still more preferably made of steel, with a cross section having a diameter preferably comprised between 8 mm and 25 mm;
a multiplicity of preferably rectilinear uprights 22, arranged orthogonal to the base 3 and to the roof 4 of the shelter 1. The uprights 22 are extended from one of the crosspieces 16 to the other of the lateral wall 7 and also act as secondary load-bearing structure. By way of example, the uprights 22 are metal tubular elements, preferably made of steel, with square cross section. Preferably, the square section has an external side of length comprised between 30 mm and 100 mm, and the walls of the tubular elements have a thickness comprised between 2 mm and 5 mm. The uprights 22 are welded, at the ends, to the crosspieces 16;
a multiplicity of preferably rectilinear ribs 23, interposed between the uprights 22 and preferably orthogonal thereto. By way of example, the ribs 23 are metal beams, preferably made of steel, with T-shaped cross section. Preferably, the shank and the head of the T have a length comprised between 50 mm and 100 mm and have a thickness comprised between 2 mm and 5 mm. The ribs 23 are welded, at the ends, to the uprights 22. The distance between two consecutive ribs 23 is preferably comprised between 50 cm and 100 cm;
a multiplicity of preferably rectilinear ribs 24, interposed between the ribs 23 and preferably orthogonal thereto. By way of example, analogous to the ribs 23, the ribs 24 are metal beams, preferably made of steel, with T-shaped cross section. Preferably, the shank and the head of the T have a length comprised between 50 mm and 100 mm and have a thickness comprised between 2 mm and 5 mm. The ribs 24 are welded, at the ends, to the ribs 23. The distance between two consecutive ribs 24 is preferably comprised between 10 cm and 20 cm;
said multiplicity of preferably rectangular plates 11 , arranged orthogonal to the base 3 and to the roof 4 of the shelter 1. The plates 11 are preferably metallic, and still more preferably made of steel, and have a thickness preferably comprised between 2 mm and 5 mm. The plates 11 are welded, at the edges thereof, to the uprights 22 (along one of the longitudinal faces of the latter) and to the ribs 23 and 24 (along the longitudinal face of the latter corresponding with the head of the T). The ribs 23 and 24 form a system of stiffening ribs for the plates 11.
The cage 21 is therefore interposed between the uprights 18 and the ribs 19 and 20, and the uprights 22 and the ribs 23 and 24. By way of example, the distance between the plates 17 and the plates 11 belonging same lateral wall is comprised between 20 cm and 50 cm.
The lateral wall 7 further comprises a multiplicity of longitudinal elements 25, preferably plates, acting as spacers between the plate 17 and the plates 11. By way of example, the spacers 25 are made of metal, preferably made of steel, and are welded, at one end, to the uprights 22 and, at the opposite end, to the ribs 20, along the longitudinal face of the latter corresponding to the shank of the T and at the intersection between the ribs 20 and the ribs 19. Preferably, the spacers 25 have a width comprised between 50 mm and 100 mm and have a thickness preferably comprised between 2 mm and 5 mm. The distance between two consecutive spacers 25 is preferably comprised between 50 cm and 100 cm. The spacers 25 traverse the cage 21 and preferably are integrally connected to the latter.
Starting from the cavity 2 and proceeding towards the outside of the shelter 1, the base 3 comprises:
• a preferably flat plate 30 (visible in figure 4), arranged orthogonal to the lateral walls 5, 6, 7 and 8. The plate 30 acts as a floor of the shelter 1 , is preferably metallic, and still more preferably made of steel, and has a thickness preferably comprised between 2 mm and 5 mm. The plate 30 is welded, along the edges thereof, to the plates 17 of the lateral walls 5, 6, 7 and 8;
• a corrugated sheet 31, preferably arranged parallel to the plate 30. Preferably, the sheet 31 is made of metal, and still more preferably made of steel, has a thickness comprised between 1 mm and 3 mm and has a cross section having a thickness comprised between 60 and 120 mm. The sheet 31 is welded, on the upper part in figure 4, to the plate 30, and along the edges thereof, to the plates 17 of the lateral walls 5, 6, 7 and 8;
• a multiplicity of preferably rectilinear crosspieces 32 (figure 2), mutually parallel and arranged parallel to the plate 30. The crosspieces 32 traverse the sheet 31 transverse to the grooves thereof, so as to divide the sheet 31 into mutually coplanar multiple sheet portions. The crosspieces 32 are thus interposed with said sheet portions 31 and are extended from the plate 17 of the lateral wall 5 to the plate 17 of the lateral wall 7. The crosspieces 32 also act as secondary load-bearing structure. By way of example, the crosspieces 32 are metal tubular elements, preferably made of steel, with square cross section. Preferably, the square section has an external side of length comprised between 60 mm and 120 mm, and the walls of the tubular elements have a thickness comprised between 2 mm and 5 mm. The crosspieces 32 are welded, on the upper part in figure 4, to the plate 30 and, at the ends, to the plates 17.
Starting from the cavity 2 and proceeding towards the outside of the shelter 1 , the roof 4 comprises:
• a preferably flat plate 35 (visible in figure 4), arranged orthogonal to the lateral walls 5, 6, 7 and 8. The plate 35 acts as a roof of the shelter 1 , is preferably metal, and still more preferably made of steel, and has a thickness preferably comprised between 2 mm and 5 mm. The plate 35 is welded, along the edges thereof, to the plates 17 of the lateral walls 5, 6, 7 and 8;
• a multiplicity of preferably rectilinear crosspieces 36, mutually parallel and arranged parallel to the plate 35 and orthogonal to the lateral walls 5 and 7. The crosspieces 36 rest, at the ends, on further crosspieces 39 (visible in figure 3) arranged preferably orthogonal to the crosspieces 36 and supported by the uprights 18. The crosspieces 36 and 39 also act as secondary load- bearing structure. By way of example, the crosspieces 36 and 39 are metal beams, preferably lattice rods made of steel, or beams made of concrete conglomerate, and have a T-shaped cross section. Preferably, the shank and the head of the T have a thickness comprised between 60 mm and 200 mm. The crosspieces 39 are connected to the uprights 18 along the lower longitudinal face thereof in figure 3. The crosspieces 36 are connected, at the ends, to the crosspieces 39 and, along the lower longitudinal face thereof in figure 4 and corresponding to the head of the T, to the plate 35;
• a nearly parallelepiped cage 37 comprising bars and brackets, and suitable for acting as reinforcement for concrete conglomerate. The cage 37 has a length and a clearly greater width than its thickness and is arranged parallel to the plate 35. By way of example, the bars and the brackets that compose the cage are rod, preferably metal, and still more preferably made of steel, with a cross section having a diameter preferably comprised between 8 mm and 25 mm. The cage 37 is preferably welded, along the edges thereof, to the edges, upper edges in figure 4, of the cages 21.
The roof 4 further comprises a multiplicity of longitudinal elements 38 acting as spacers between the cage 37 and the crosspieces 36. By way of example, the spacers 38 are made of metal, preferably made of steel, and are welded, at one end, orthogonal to the plate 35 and, at least at the opposite end, to the cage 37. The space 40 present between the plates 17 and the plates 11 of the lateral walls 5, 6, 7 and 8 is tillable with concrete conglomerate 12, using said plates 11 and 17 as walls of a formwork. The cages 21 are in such a manner embedded in the concrete conglomerate, which thus becomes reinforced concrete conglomerate.
Analogously, by means of a subsequent casting of concrete conglomerate 12, it is possible to fill the space 41 of the roof 4 above the crosspieces 36, by using the plates 11 as walls of a formwork. The cage 37 is in such a manner embedded in the concrete conglomerate, which thus becomes reinforced concrete conglomerate.
Following the two castings of concrete conglomerate 12, the shelter 1 shown in figure 1 is obtained. By way of example, the concrete conglomerate is of baric type.
Until the castings of concrete conglomerate 12 are carried out, the top of the roof 4 can be closed by resting, on the cage 37, a cover 42 made of wood, by way of example. The cover 42 prevents the access to the spaces 40 and 41. Figure 5 shows, in right section, a schematic view of a shelter 50 that differs from the shelter 1 of figure 1 due to the presence of a foundation bed 51 made of concrete conglomerate settable on the ground. Preferably, the bed 51 has the shape of a plate having a thickness suitable for the load-bearing capacity of the ground on which it rests, and a length and a width greater than those of the base 3. By way of example, if the bed 51 rests on a ground having a load- bearing capacity of 1 kg/cm2, it has a thickness comprised between 20 cm and 30 cm. With reference to figure 5, it is also possible to note a multiplicity of U- shaped metal bars 52, with the base of the U embedded in the concrete conglomerate of the bed 51 and the two arms of the U arranged preferably orthogonal to the bed 51 and directed upward in the figure. The bars 52 constitute a kind of third cage suitable for acting as a reinforcement for concrete conglomerate and they are arranged to delimit a rectangle nearly corresponding with the base 3. The latter rests on the bed 51 in a manner such that the bars 52 penetrate the space 40 in the lateral walls 5, 6, 7 and 8. When the concrete conglomerate 12 is cast in the space 40, it comes to connect the bed 51 to the lateral walls 5, 6, 7 and 8. By way of example, the bars 52 are rods, made of steel with a cross section having a diameter preferably comprised between 8 mm and 25 mm.
Figure 6 shows, in schematic front view, a schematic view of a shelter 60 which differs from the shelter 1 of figure 1 due to the following characteristics:
· in place of the crosspieces 32 or in addition thereto, the base 3 of the containment structure 60 comprises a multiplicity of preferably rectilinear crosspieces 61 , mutually parallel and arranged parallel to the plate 30. The crosspieces 61 traverse the sheet 31 parallel to the grooves thereof, so as to divide the sheet 31 into mutually coplanar multiple sheet portions. The crosspieces 61 are then interposed with said sheet portions 31 and they are extended from the plate 17 of the lateral wall 6 to the plate 17 of the lateral wall 8. The crosspieces 61 also act as secondary load-bearing structure. By way of example, the crosspieces 61 are metal tubular elements, preferably made of steel, with square cross section. Preferably, the square section has an external side of length comprised between 60 mm and 120 mm, and the walls of the tubular elements have a thickness comprised between 2 mm and 5 mm. The crosspieces 61 are welded, on the upper part in figure 6, to the plate 30 and, at the ends, to the plates 17;
• in place of the crosspieces 36 or in addition thereto, the roof 4 of the containment structure 60 comprises a corrugated sheet 62 preferably arranged parallel to the plate 35 and resting thereon. Preferably, the sheet 62 is made of metal, and still more preferably made of steel, has a thickness comprised between 1 mm and 3 mm and has a cross section having a thickness comprised between 60 and 120 mm. The sheet 62 is welded, on the lower part in figure 6, to the plate 35, and along the edges thereof, to the plates 17 of the lateral walls 5, 6, 7 and 8.
When present, the crosspieces 36 traverse the sheet 62 parallel and/or transverse with respect to the grooves thereof, so as to divide the sheet 62 into mutually coplanar multiple sheet portions. The crosspieces 36 are then interposed with said sheet portions 62.
• in place of the spacers 25 or in addition thereto, the lateral walls 5, 6, 7 and 8 comprise a multiplicity of longitudinal elements 63 acting as tie rods between the plate 17 and the plates 11. By way of example, the tie rods 63 are made of metal, preferably made of steel, and are welded at one end to the plate 17 and at the opposite end to the plate 11. Preferably, the tie rods 63 are beams having an L-shaped cross section, and they are arranged orthogonal to the plates 11 and 17 between which they are interposed, with the concavity of the L directed towards the base 3. Each arm of the L has a width comprised between 10 mm and 50 mm and has a thickness preferably comprised between 2 mm and 5 mm. The distance between two consecutive tie rods 63 is preferably comprised between 10 cm and 50 cm. The tie rods 63 traverse the cage 21 and are preferably integrally connected to the latter.
On the basis of the description provided for a preferred embodiment, it is obvious that some changes can be introduced by the man skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.

Claims

C L A I M S
1. Containment structure (1 , 50, 60) comprising a cavity (2) delimited by a base (3), a roof (4) and at least one lateral wall (5, 6, 7, 8),
said lateral wall (5, 6, 7, 8) comprising:
· at least one first metal plate (17);
• a first system of stiffening ribs (19, 20) integrally connected to said first plate (17);
• a first metal cage (21) suitable to act as a reinforcement for concrete conglomerate, said first cage (21 ) being on the side opposite said first plate (17) with respect to said cavity (2),
said containment structure (1 , 50) being characterized in that said lateral wall (5, 6, 7, 8) comprises at least one second metal plate (11) opposite said first plate (17), said first cage (21) being interposed between said first and second plate (17, 11 ),
said first and second plate (17, 11) being suitable to act as a formwork so as to allow a concrete conglomerate casting (12) in a space (40) comprised between said first and second plate (17, 11 ), said cage (21 ) being suitable to act as a reinforcement of said concrete conglomerate (12) when cast in said space (40).
2. Containment structure (1 , 50, 60) according to claim 1 , characterized in that said lateral wall (5, 6, 7, 8) comprises a second system of stiffening ribs (23, 24) integrally connected with said second plate (11 ).
3. Containment structure (1 , 50, 60) according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one system of stiffening ribs belonging to the group comprising said first and second system of stiffening ribs (19, 20, 23, 24), comprises a multiplicity of ribs (19, 20, 23, 24), each rib comprising a first longitudinal element integrally and transversely connected, at one edge thereof, to a second longitudinal element, each rib being opposite and integrally connected to said plate (17, 11) at said second longitudinal element.
4. Containment structure (1 , 50, 60) according to claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises a load-bearing structure (18, 22) including a multiplicity of upright beams (15, 18, 22) which are extended from said base (3) to said roof (4).
5. Containment structure (1 , 50, 60) according to claim 4, characterized in that a first group of said uprights (15, 18) is integrally connected to said first plate (17).
6. Containment structure (1 , 50, 60) according to claim 4, characterized in that a second group of said uprights (22) is integrally connected to said second plate (11).
7. Containment structure (1 , 50, 60) according to claim 1 , characterized in that said base (3) comprises:
· a floor (30);
• at least one first corrugated sheet (31 ) opposite said floor (30), said first corrugated sheet (31) being on the opposite side of said floor (30) with respect to said cavity (2).
8. Containment structure (1 , 50, 60) according to claim 7, characterized in that said base (3) comprises a multiplicity of first crosspieces (32, 61 ) opposite said floor (30), said first crosspieces (32, 61) being on the opposite side of said floor (30) with respect to said cavity (2).
9. Containment structure (1 , 50, 60) according to claim 1 , characterized in that said roof (4) comprises:
· a ceiling (35);
• a second metal cage (37) lying on the opposite side of said ceiling (35) with respect to said cavity (2),
said second cage (37) being suitable for acting as reinforcement of concrete conglomerate (12) cast on said ceiling (35), outside said cavity (2).
10. Containment structure (1 , 50) according to claim 9, characterized in that said roof (4) comprises a multiplicity of second crosspieces (36) opposite said ceiling (35), said second crosspieces (36) being on the opposite side of said ceiling (35) with respect to said cavity (2).
11. Containment structure (60) according to claim 1 , characterized in that said roof (4) comprises a second corrugated sheet (62) opposite said ceiling
(35), said second corrugated sheet (62) being on the opposite side of said ceiling (35) with respect to said cavity (2).
12. Containment structure (50) according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises:
• a foundation bed (51) settable on the ground and including concrete conglomerate, said base (3) being settable on said bed (51 );
· a third metal cage (52) integrally connected to said bed (5 ) at least at a first end, and at least partially insertable starting from a second end opposite said first end, in said space (40) comprised between said first and second plate ( 7, 11 ) when said base (3) rests on said bed (51 ), said concrete conglomerate (12), when cast in said space (40) comprised between said first and second plate (17, 11), acting as means for connecting said lateral wall (5, 6, 7, 8) to said bed (51).
PCT/IT2014/000063 2014-02-14 2014-03-03 Prefabricated containment and protection structure usable for residential use WO2015121880A1 (en)

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ITMI2014A000217 2014-02-14

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DE3508865A1 (en) * 1985-03-13 1986-09-18 Jürgen Dipl.-Ing. 6607 Quierschied Unterländer Shelters comprising a structural steel/trapezoidal profiled sheet-metal composite system of the modular construction principle
DE202007013130U1 (en) * 2007-09-20 2008-02-14 Redschlag, Oliver NBC protective device

Cited By (1)

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EP4033052A1 (en) * 2021-01-20 2022-07-27 Container Living Holding ApS A residential housing unit formed as an iso container

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