WO2015120983A1 - Method and system for producing biomethane - Google Patents

Method and system for producing biomethane Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015120983A1
WO2015120983A1 PCT/EP2015/000297 EP2015000297W WO2015120983A1 WO 2015120983 A1 WO2015120983 A1 WO 2015120983A1 EP 2015000297 W EP2015000297 W EP 2015000297W WO 2015120983 A1 WO2015120983 A1 WO 2015120983A1
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supplied
methanation unit
biogas
gasification
water
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PCT/EP2015/000297
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German (de)
French (fr)
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Michael Niederbacher
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Michael Niederbacher
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/06—Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by C10G, C10K3/02 or C10K3/04
    • C10L3/08—Production of synthetic natural gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
    • C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
    • C12M43/00—Combinations of bioreactors or fermenters with other apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
    • C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
    • C01B2203/062—Hydrocarbon production, e.g. Fischer-Tropsch process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
    • C10J2300/1656—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
    • C10J2300/1662—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals to methane (SNG)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1671—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with the production of electricity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
    • C10J2300/1684—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with electrolysis of water
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing biomethane according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a system for producing biomethane according to the preamble of claim 16.
  • biogas by fermentation or biological gasification of biomass or organic waste in biogas plants.
  • the biogas produced by means of a biological gasification is regularly emitted on site in CHPs, the power thus generated is then fed into a power grid.
  • the raw gas produced by means of the thermal or biological gasification can also, after appropriate treatment and purification, as biomethane in a gas network, for example in a natural gas network, are fed or used for example as biofuel.
  • a large part of this biomethane fed into the gas network is then used, for example, in combined heat and power plants (CHP) to generate electricity and heat.
  • CHP combined heat and power plants
  • a problem which thus regularly occurs in the production of biomethane based on synthesis gas and / or biogas is that the raw gas produced during thermal as well as biological gasification is contaminated to a considerable extent in addition to the actual methane (CH 4 ) and further gas components.
  • the biogas produced by fermentation or biological gasification in addition to other impurities such as ammonia (NH 3 ), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), a very large carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) share, while that formed during the thermal gasification Synthesis gas in addition to the methane also significant amounts of nitrogen (N 2 , only in the gasification with air as an oxidant), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) and water (H 2 0).
  • the synthesis gas often also has traces of ammonia (NH 3 ) and tar.
  • the raw gas formed in the biogas plant or in the gasification device must be relatively expensive processed or purified prior to its supply to the gas network in order to obtain the purity required for feeding into the gas network, based on methane (CH 4 ).
  • the cleaning effort required for this also requires a considerable amount of electrical energy, for example, the use of gas, electrostatic precipitators, etc., which ultimately has a negative impact on the overall life cycle assessment of such Biomethange wall or has a negative impact on the overall efficiency of such biomethane production.
  • the inventive method further comprises an electrolysis device in which the electrolysis device supplied water is split by electric current into hydrogen and oxygen, wherein the means of Electrolysis generated hydrogen is at least partially supplied to the methanation unit.
  • the inventive method further comprises a biogas plant, in which by biogasification or fermentation of biologically vergasbaren or fermentable substances, in particular of biomass and / or organic waste, in at least one fermenter of the biogas plant containing at least or especially methane and carbon dioxide biogas is generated, which (without previous C0 2 separation) is at least partially supplied to the methanation unit to provide there for the Sabatier- needed carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) available.
  • a biogas plant in which by biogasification or fermentation of biologically vergasbaren or fermentable substances, in particular of biomass and / or organic waste, in at least one fermenter of the biogas plant containing at least or especially methane and carbon dioxide biogas is generated, which (without previous C0 2 separation) is at least partially supplied to the methanation unit to provide there for the Sabatier- needed carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) available.
  • the method according to the invention comprises a gasification device in which by thermal gasification of thermally gasifiable substances, in particular biomass and / or organic waste, by means of a gasification and / or oxidizing agent, for example air, oxygen or water vapor, in at least one reactor of the gasification device a synthesis gas containing inter alia or at least carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methane is generated, which is supplied at least in part to the methanation unit in order to provide carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide required therefor for the sabbing reactions.
  • a gasification device in which by thermal gasification of thermally gasifiable substances, in particular biomass and / or organic waste, by means of a gasification and / or oxidizing agent, for example air, oxygen or water vapor, in at least one reactor of the gasification device a synthesis gas containing inter alia or at least carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methane is generated, which is supplied at least in part to the methanation unit in order to provide carbon monoxid
  • the biomethane thus formed in the methanation unit can then be supplied with the required purity of a defined utilization and / or storage device, in particular a gas storage and / or a gas network, preferably a public gas network.
  • the use of a methanation unit in a simple and functionally reliable manner becomes possible ensures that the raw gas produced by the thermal gasification device and by the biogas plant is cleaned or processed so that it has a quality that can be fed as biomethane readily in the gas network.
  • the biomethane thus produced can be used, for example, by combustion in a gas power plant for power generation, which then can also be used indirectly via the power grid to operate the electrolysis device.
  • the energy expenditure in operating the electrolysis device can be reduced advantageously, which helps to significantly increase the efficiency for generating biomethane.
  • biomass is gassed or fermented, and this term is to be understood explicitly comprehensively, that is to say, for example, in the broad sense meaning phyto- and / or zoomasse as well as resulting derivatives, by-products, residues and wastes is.
  • this applies in particular to the waste fractions of waste wood, compostable waste from households, vegetable and animal wastes from the agricultural, forestry and fish industries as well as waste from the production and use of food and beverages.
  • renewable raw materials Natural raw materials (NawaRo) represent a relevant biomass group.
  • Another significant advantage of the method according to the invention is that the water obtained during the methanation in the methanation unit optionally also in turn the Electrolysis can be supplied to split off the hydrogen from this water, which is then required in the methanation for methanation. Even with this particularly preferred embodiment, thus, the efficiency of the process control according to the invention can be significantly increased again.
  • the electrolysis device is supplied with a defined amount of fresh water.
  • the water obtained in the gasification device and / or in the biogas plant in particular condensed water, can also be supplied at least in part to the electrolysis device.
  • the biogas plant may, for example, have at least one hydrolysis stage designed or designed specifically for producing hydrogen, in which the hydrogen (H 2 ) is produced.
  • the hydrogen can also be produced in the course of "normal" hydrolysis in a fermenter of the biogas plant and withdrawn therefrom, in particular in connection with a biogas plant which has a drying device, for example a drying device for drying fermentation residues, it may be advantageous to supply the water obtained in the drying device at least partially to the electrolysis device Utilization of the valuable substances occurring within the system in the context of the biomethane production according to the invention.
  • the amount of water supplied to the electrolysis device is, preferably by means of a control and / or regulating device, dependent on that in the methanation unit specified and the electrolysis device supplied amount of water specified.
  • a control and / or regulating device dependent on that in the methanation unit specified and the electrolysis device supplied amount of water specified.
  • at least one control and / or regulating device is provided, by means of which the material flows to the individual plants, components, etc. are controlled in dependence on defined operating parameters and / or be managed.
  • the water formed in the methanation unit at least in part to the at least one fermenter of the biogas plant or, alternatively or additionally, to feed it to the gasification device at least in part, preferably in heated form as water vapor.
  • the steam then serves as a gasification and / or oxidizing agent of the gasification device, for example.
  • the reactions occurring in the methanation unit are strongly exothermic reactions.
  • at least part of the biogas produced in the biogas plant and / or at least part of the synthesis gas produced in the gasification device can of course also be supplied to at least one cogeneration plant in which electricity is generated. This power can then be fed into a power grid, for example.
  • Particularly effective and advantageous in terms of the overall efficiency is an embodiment in which the generated power is at least partly also supplied to the electrolysis device which requires electrical energy in order to split the water into hydrogen and oxygen.
  • the carbon dioxide-containing biogas obtained in the biogas plant and the synthesis gas obtained in the gasification device can, in principle, be supplied independently and separately from one another to the methanation unit at predetermined times and in a predetermined amount. In principle, however, it is also possible to combine at least part of the biogas fed to the methanation unit with at least part of the synthesis gas fed to the methanization unit upstream of the methanation unit and to mix what is expediently done in a mixing device, so that then the methanation unit is a mixture of the two gases is supplied. This has the advantage that the methanation unit can then be supplied with a substantially homogeneous homogeneous gas mixture, which has an advantageous effect on the course of the reaction in the methanation unit.
  • the synthesis gas produced in the gasification device is preferably fed to the methanation unit continuously and without intermediate storage.
  • the reason for this is, in particular, that storage of the synthesis gas is relatively expensive on the one hand and that the reactor of the gasification device is relatively simple in terms of the gas yield by means of a control and / or regulating device can be controlled or regulated, that is, the gas yield and thus the gas outlet by means of a control and / or regulating device relatively well and easily throttled or increased.
  • the latter is more difficult in a biogas plant, while here, however, the resulting biogas can be stored relatively easily.
  • the biogas plant preferably has a gas storage in which the methanation unit supplied carbon dioxide-containing biogas is temporarily stored and then withdrawn by means of a control and / or regulating device, if necessary.
  • a structure is provided by means of which the gas management for supplying gas to the methanation unit is easy to accomplish.
  • a part of the carbon dioxide-containing biogas which can not be fed to the methanation unit is fed to a treatment device in which the carbon dioxide is separated from the biogas, the separated carbon dioxide being fed to the methanation unit.
  • a treatment device in which the carbon dioxide is separated from the biogas, the separated carbon dioxide being fed to the methanation unit.
  • the separated carbon dioxide need not simply be discarded, but can advantageously be fed to the methanation unit, in which the carbon dioxide is required as starting material for the sabatizing reactions taking place there.
  • At least part of the oxygen produced in the electrolysis device is supplied to the gasification device.
  • the single figure shows schematically a flow diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention for the production of biomethane.
  • This device 1 comprises, on the one hand, a gasification device 2 in which by at least or among other carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide by thermal gasification of, for example, biomass (as defined above) by means of a gasification and / or oxidizing agent in at least one reactor of the gasification device (C0 2 ), hydrogen (H 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ) containing synthesis gas is generated.
  • a portion of this synthesis gas 3 is, controlled or regulated via a control and / or regulating device, not shown here, supplied at predetermined times and in a predetermined amount of a methanation unit 4.
  • Another part of this synthesis gas 5 produced in the gasification device 2 is supplied here by way of example to a CHP 6.
  • the device 1 according to the invention for producing biomethane comprises a biogas plant 7 in which by at least or especially methane and carbon dioxide containing by biological gasification or fermentation of biomass (as defined above) in at least one fermenter of the biogas plant 7 Biogas is generated.
  • the Biogas plant 7 can also have, for example, at least one specifically designed for hydrogen production or trained hydrolysis in which hydrogen (H 2 ) is generated, which then forms part of the biogas 8. In principle, however, this hydrogen can also be generated in the course of the "normal" hydrolysis in a fermenter of the biogas plant 7.
  • a part of this biogas 8, which preferably also contains hydrogen, is again fed or controlled from the biogas plant 7 to the methanation unit 4. Another part This biogas 9 is supplied here by way of example to another CHP 10.
  • CHP 11 As shown schematically in FIG. 1 and dashed by the CHP 11, but also only a single CHP 11 may be present, by means of which a mixture of synthesis gas 5 and biogas 9 is burned. This has the advantage that the engine of the CHP can be driven more stable and thus the efficiency is higher, because pure synthesis gas has a strong tendency to knock or tends to flash back. Likewise, this CHP 11 could also be provided in addition to the CHPs 6 and 10.
  • the electricity generated in the CHPs will then be fed into a, preferably public, power grid 12.
  • Power is then withdrawn from the power grid 12 (reference numeral 19) and supplied to an electrolyzer 14, which requires power to split water 15 supplied to the electrolyzer 14 by the electric current into hydrogen H 2 and oxygen O 2 , wherein, as shown in FIG 1, the hydrogen produced by means of the electrolyzer 14 is at least partially supplied to the methanation unit 4.
  • the material flows are again controlled or regulated by means of one or the previously mentioned control and / or regulating device.
  • at least a portion of the oxygen O 2 generated in the electrolyzer 14 may be supplied to the gasifier 2, in which the oxygen may then function as an oxidant.
  • an optionally overshooting part of the generated hydrogen 17 can also be supplied to a, for example public, gas network 18.
  • the synthesis gas 3 coming from the gasification device 2 and the biogas 8 coming from the biogas plant 7 can in principle, as shown in FIG. 1, be supplied separately and independently of one another to the methanation unit 4.
  • these two gas streams can also be fed upstream of the methanation unit 4 to a mixing device 20, in which the two gas streams are then mixed with one another and supplied to the methanation unit 4 as gas mixture.
  • the water formed in the methanation 4 may alternatively or additionally but also, as indicated by the arrows 22 and 23, the gasification device 2 and / or the biogas plant 7 are supplied.
  • the supply of water 15 from the methanation unit 4 to the electrolysis device 14 may also be provided to supply the electrolysis device 14 fresh water 24.
  • the amount and the time or the duration of the current, water and hydrogen streams are controlled or regulated by means of the control and / or regulating device.
  • condensation water 37 from the gasification device 2 or from the biogas plant 7 could be supplied at least in part to the electrolysis device 14.
  • the water management that is, the supply of fresh water and / or product water from the methanation unit 4 and / or in a drying device of the Biogas plant accumulating water 26 and / or condensate 37 from the gasification device 2 to the electrolysis device 14 are controlled by means of a control and / or regulating device, in dependence on the respective predetermined operating parameters.
  • part of the carbon dioxide-containing biogas 8 produced in the biogas plant can be supplied to a treatment device 27, for example a gas scrubber, in which the carbon dioxide is separated off.
  • This separated carbon dioxide can then optionally be supplied to the methanation unit 4, for example (reference numeral 28).
  • the methanation unit 4 for example (reference numeral 28).
  • the carbon dioxide is then used as starting material in the methanation of hydrogen, while the thus purified biogas 29 can then be supplied to the public gas network 18 as biomethane.
  • gas can also be taken from the gas network 18 and fed to a gas-fired power station 30 in which power 31 is then generated, which is supplied to the power grid 12.
  • gas-fired power station 30 in which power 31 is then generated, which is supplied to the power grid 12.
  • biomethane 21 produced in the methanation unit 4 directly or at least partially to the gas power plant 30.
  • the power grid 12 of wind turbines 32 and 33 of electricity generated by solar panels 33 can be supplied.
  • the waste heat 34 available in the methanation unit 4 on account of the strongly exothermic reactions can then be supplied, for example, to the gasification device 2 and / or the biogas plant 7, as is further illustrated schematically in FIG. (Heat supply 35, 36).
  • Heat supply 35, 36 the advantage over a classic biogas treatment is mainly that the carbon dioxide is not separated and thus lost, but is further processed and the entire produced biogas in the form of methane are ultimately fed into the high gas purity requiring gas network 18 can.
  • the advantage in connection with gasification devices 2 is that the resulting lean gas is upgraded and can also be fed into the gas network 18.
  • the material flows themselves are made by means of pipelines laid between the individual plant components.
  • For power supply power lines are provided.
  • Actuating or control signals can be transmitted functionally as well as by means of cables.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a method and to a system for producing biomethane, comprising a methanation unit (4) in which carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen are converted into methane and water. Furthermore, according to the invention, there is an electrolysis apparatus (14) in which water supplied to the electrolysis apparatus (14) is split by electrical current into hydrogen and oxygen, wherein the hydrogen produced by means of the electrolysis apparatus (14) is at least partially supplied to the methanation unit (4). The invention further relates to a biogas plant (7) in which a biogas containing at least methane and carbon dioxide is produced in at least one fermenter of the biogas plant (7) by fermentation of fermentable substances and is at least partially supplied to the methanation unit (4). The invention further relates to a gasification apparatus (2) in which a synthetic gas containing at least carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and methane is produced by means of a gasification means and/or oxidation means in at least one reactor of the gasification apparatus (2) by gasification of gasifiable substances and which is at least partially supplied to the methanation unit (4), wherein the biomethane formed in the methanation unit (4) is supplied to a recovery and/or storage apparatus, in particular a gas storage tank and/or a gas network.

Description

Beschreibung Verfahren und Anlage zum Erzeugen von Biomethan  Description Method and plant for producing biomethane
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Biomethan nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 sowie eine Anlage zur Erzeugung von Biomethan nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 16. The invention relates to a method for producing biomethane according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a system for producing biomethane according to the preamble of claim 16.
Es ist allgemein bekannt, zum Beispiel Biomasse und/oder Abfälle in Vergasungseinrichtungen mittels eines Vergasungs- und/oder Oxidationsmittels (zum Beispiel Luft, Sauerstoff oder Wasserdampf) thermisch zu vergasen. Das im Rahmen einer derartigen thermischen Vergasung erzeugte Gas bezeichnet man oftmals als„Holzgas", als Synthesegas, als Syngas oder kurz als SNG (die Abkürzung SNG steht für den englischen Begriff: Synthetic Natural Gas). Nachfolgend wird für das durch thermische Vergasung erzeugte Gas der Einfachheit halber stets der Begriff Synthesegas verwendet. It is well known, for example, to thermally gas biomass and / or waste in gasification facilities by means of a gasification and / or oxidant (for example air, oxygen or water vapor). The gas produced in the course of such a thermal gasification is often referred to as "wood gas", as synthesis gas, as syngas or short as SNG (the abbreviation SNG stands for the English term: synthetic natural gas.) The following is for the gas generated by thermal gasification For the sake of simplicity, the term synthesis gas has always been used.
Des Weiteren ist es allgemein bekannt, Biogas durch Vergärung bzw. biologische Vergasung von Biomasse bzw. organischen Abfällen in Biogasanlagen zu erzeugen. Furthermore, it is generally known to produce biogas by fermentation or biological gasification of biomass or organic waste in biogas plants.
Insbesondere das mittels einer biologischen Vergasung erzeugte Biogas wird regelmäßig vor Ort in BHKWs verströmt, wobei der so erzeugte Strom dann in ein Stromnetz eingespeist wird. In particular, the biogas produced by means of a biological gasification is regularly emitted on site in CHPs, the power thus generated is then fed into a power grid.
BESTÄTIGUNGSKOPIE Das mittels der thermischen bzw. biologischen Vergasung erzeugte Rohgas kann aber auch, nach einer entsprechenden Aufbereitung und Reinigung, als Biomethan in ein Gasnetz, zum Beispiel in ein Erdgasnetz, eingespeist werden oder zum Beispiel auch als Biokraftstoff verwendet werden. Ein Großteil dieses in das Gasnetz eingespeisten Biomethans wird dann zum Beispiel in Blockheizkraftwerken (BHKW) zur Strom- und Wärmeerzeugung genutzt. CONFIRMATION COPY However, the raw gas produced by means of the thermal or biological gasification can also, after appropriate treatment and purification, as biomethane in a gas network, for example in a natural gas network, are fed or used for example as biofuel. A large part of this biomethane fed into the gas network is then used, for example, in combined heat and power plants (CHP) to generate electricity and heat.
Ein Problem, das bei der Biomethanerzeugung auf der Basis von Synthesegas und/oder Biogas somit regelmäßig auftritt, ist, dass das bei der thermischen als auch bei der biologischen Vergasung entstehende Rohgas neben dem eigentlichen Methan (CH4) noch in einem erheblichen Maße verunreinigt ist und weitere Gasbestandteile aufweist. So weist das durch Vergärung bzw. biologische Vergasung erzeugte Biogas neben anderen Verunreinigungen, wie zum Beispiel Ammoniak (NH3), Schwefelwasserstoff (H2S), einen sehr großen Kohlendioxid (C02)-Anteil auf, während das bei der thermischen Vergasung gebildete Synthesegas neben dem Methan auch noch erhebliche Mengen an Stickstoff (N2; nur bei der Vergasung mit Luft als Oxidationsmittel), Kohlenmonoxid (CO), Wasserstoff (H2), Kohlendioxid (C02) und Wasser (H20) aufweist. Zudem weist das Synthesegas oftmals auch Spuren von Ammoniak (NH3) und Teer auf. A problem which thus regularly occurs in the production of biomethane based on synthesis gas and / or biogas is that the raw gas produced during thermal as well as biological gasification is contaminated to a considerable extent in addition to the actual methane (CH 4 ) and further gas components. Thus, the biogas produced by fermentation or biological gasification, in addition to other impurities such as ammonia (NH 3 ), hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), a very large carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) share, while that formed during the thermal gasification Synthesis gas in addition to the methane also significant amounts of nitrogen (N 2 , only in the gasification with air as an oxidant), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H 2 ), carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) and water (H 2 0). In addition, the synthesis gas often also has traces of ammonia (NH 3 ) and tar.
Dementsprechend muss das in der Biogasanlage bzw. in der Vergasungseinrichtung gebildete Rohgas vor dessen Zuführung zum Gasnetz relativ aufwendig aufbereitet bzw. gereinigt werden, um den für die Einspeisung in das Gasnetz erforderlichen Reinheitsgrad, bezogen auf Methan (CH4), zu erhalten. Der hierfür erforderliche Reinigungsaufwand erfordert darüber hinaus einen erheblichen Aufwand an elektrischer Energie, zum Beispiel den Einsatz von Gas, Elektrofiltern etc., was sich letztendlich auch negativ auf die gesamte Ökobilanz einer derartigen Biomethangewinnung bzw. negativ auf den Gesamtwirkungsgrad einer derartigen Biomethanerzeugung auswirkt. Accordingly, the raw gas formed in the biogas plant or in the gasification device must be relatively expensive processed or purified prior to its supply to the gas network in order to obtain the purity required for feeding into the gas network, based on methane (CH 4 ). The cleaning effort required for this also requires a considerable amount of electrical energy, for example, the use of gas, electrostatic precipitators, etc., which ultimately has a negative impact on the overall life cycle assessment of such Biomethangegewinn or has a negative impact on the overall efficiency of such biomethane production.
Es ist daher Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Biomethan zur Verfügung zu stellen, mittels dem bzw. mittels der insbesondere der apparative und energetische Aufwand bei der Erzeugung von Biomethan, insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Einspeisung in ein Gasnetz, auf Ressourcen schonende Weise erzielt werden kann. It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a method and a device for producing biomethane, by means of which or by means of which, in particular, the apparatus and energy expenditure in the production of biomethane, in particular with regard to the feed into a gas network, can be achieved in a resource-conserving manner.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst mit den Merkmalen der unabhängigen Patentansprüche. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen hierzu sind Gegenstand der darauf rückbezogenen Unteransprüche. Gemäß Patentanspruch 1 wird ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Biomethan vorgeschlagen, bei dem eine Methanisierungseinheit vorgesehen ist, in der Kohlenstoffdioxid, Kohlenmonoxid und Wasserstoff gemäß der nachstehenden Reaktionsgleichungen in Methan und Wasser umgewandelt werden: C02 + 4 H2 -> 2 H20 + CH4 This object is achieved with the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments thereof are the subject of the dependent claims. According to claim 1, a method for the production of biomethane is proposed in which a methanation unit is provided, are converted in the carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen according to the following reaction equations in methane and water: C0 2 + 4 H 2 -> 2 H 2 0 + CH 4
CO + 3 H2 -> H20 + CH4 CO + 3 H 2 -> H 2 O + CH 4
Diese auch Sabatier-Reaktionen genannten Reaktionsgleichungen zeigen, wie Kohlenmonoxid und Kohlendioxid unter Anwesenheit von Wasserstoff zu Methan und Wasser (als Nebenprodukt) umgewandelt werden. These reaction equations, also called Sabatier reactions, show how carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide are converted to methane and water (by-product) in the presence of hydrogen.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren umfasst weiter eine Elektrolyseeinrichtung, in der der Elektrolyseeinrichtung zugeführtes Wasser durch elektrischen Strom in Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff gespalten wird, wobei der mittels der Elektrolyseeinrichtung erzeugte Wasserstoff wenigstens zum Teil der Methanisierungseinheit zugeführt wird. The inventive method further comprises an electrolysis device in which the electrolysis device supplied water is split by electric current into hydrogen and oxygen, wherein the means of Electrolysis generated hydrogen is at least partially supplied to the methanation unit.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren umfasst weiter eine Biogasanlage, in der durch biologische Vergasung bzw. Vergärung von biologisch vergasbaren bzw. vergärbaren Stoffen, insbesondere von Biomasse und/oder organischen Abfällen, in wenigstens einem Fermenter der Biogasanlage ein wenigstens bzw. vor allem Methan und Kohlendioxid enthaltendes Biogas erzeugt wird, das (ohne vorherige C02-Abtrennung) wenigstens zum Teil der Methanisierungseinheit zugeführt wird, um dort das für die Sabatier- Reaktionen benötigte Kohlendioxid (C02) zur Verfügung zu stellen. The inventive method further comprises a biogas plant, in which by biogasification or fermentation of biologically vergasbaren or fermentable substances, in particular of biomass and / or organic waste, in at least one fermenter of the biogas plant containing at least or especially methane and carbon dioxide biogas is generated, which (without previous C0 2 separation) is at least partially supplied to the methanation unit to provide there for the Sabatier- needed carbon dioxide (C0 2 ) available.
Ferner umfasst die erfindungsgemäße Verfahrensführung eine Vergasungseinrichtung, in der durch thermische Vergasung von thermisch vergasbaren Stoffen, insbesondere von Biomasse und/oder organischen Abfällen, mittels eines Vergasungs- und/oder Oxidationsmittels, zum Beispiel Luft, Sauerstoff oder Wasserdampf, in wenigstens einem Reaktor der Vergasungseinrichtung ein unter anderem bzw. wenigstens Kohlenmonoxid, Wasserstoff, Kohlendioxid und Methan enthaltendes Synthesegas erzeugt wird, das wenigstens zum Teil der Methanisierungseinheit zugeführt wird, um dort für die Sabatier-Reaktionen erforderlichen Edukte Kohlenmonoxid und Kohlendioxid zur Verfügung zu stellen. Furthermore, the method according to the invention comprises a gasification device in which by thermal gasification of thermally gasifiable substances, in particular biomass and / or organic waste, by means of a gasification and / or oxidizing agent, for example air, oxygen or water vapor, in at least one reactor of the gasification device a synthesis gas containing inter alia or at least carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methane is generated, which is supplied at least in part to the methanation unit in order to provide carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide required therefor for the sabbing reactions.
Das so in der Methanisierungseinheit gebildete Biomethan, kann dann mit der erforderlichen Reinheit einer definierten Verwertungs- und/oder Speichereinrichtung, insbesondere einem Gasspeicher und/oder einem Gasnetz, bevorzugt einem öffentlichen Gasnetz, zugeführt werden. The biomethane thus formed in the methanation unit, can then be supplied with the required purity of a defined utilization and / or storage device, in particular a gas storage and / or a gas network, preferably a public gas network.
Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung wird somit lediglich durch den Einsatz einer Methanisierungseinheit auf einfache und funktionssichere Weise sichergestellt, dass das von der thermischen Vergasungseinrichtung und von der Biogasanlage erzeugte Rohgas so gereinigt bzw. aufbereitet wird, dass dieses eine Qualität aufweist, das als Biomethan ohne Weiteres in das Gasnetz eingespeist werden kann. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung kann somit der apparatetechnische Aufwand zur Aufbereitung des von der Vergasungseinrichtung bzw. von der Biogasanlage erzeugten Rohgases deutlich reduziert und verringert werden. Thus, with the solution according to the invention, the use of a methanation unit in a simple and functionally reliable manner becomes possible ensures that the raw gas produced by the thermal gasification device and by the biogas plant is cleaned or processed so that it has a quality that can be fed as biomethane readily in the gas network. Thus, with the solution according to the invention, it is possible to significantly reduce and reduce the apparatus-related expense for the treatment of the raw gas produced by the gasification device or by the biogas plant.
Das so erzeugte Biomethan kann zum Beispiel durch Verbrennung in einem Gaskraftwerk zur Stromerzeugung genutzt werden, welcher Strom dann auch wiederum mittelbar über das Stromnetz zum Betreiben der Elektrolyseeinrichtung verwendet werden kann. Dadurch lässt sich der energetische Aufwand beim Betreiben der Elektrolyseeinrichtung vorteilhaft reduzieren, was hilft, den Wirkungsgrad zum Erzeugen von Biomethan deutlich zu erhöhen. The biomethane thus produced can be used, for example, by combustion in a gas power plant for power generation, which then can also be used indirectly via the power grid to operate the electrolysis device. As a result, the energy expenditure in operating the electrolysis device can be reduced advantageously, which helps to significantly increase the efficiency for generating biomethane.
Vergast bzw. vergärt wird hier in erster Linie Biomasse, wobei dieser Begriff ausdrücklich umfassend zu verstehen ist, das heißt zum Beispiel dergestalt, dass darunter im weiteren Sinne Phyto- und/oder Zoomasse sowie daraus resultierende Folge-, Nebenprodukte, Rückstände und Abfälle zu verstehen ist. Im abfallwirtschaftlichen Zusammenhang betrifft dies insbesondere die Abfallfraktionen Altholz, kompostierbare Abfälle aus Haushalten, pflanzliche und tierische Abfälle aus der Land-, Forst- und Fischwirtschaft sowie Abfälle aus der Produktion und Verwendung von Nahrungs- und Genussmitteln. Außerhalb der Abfallwirtschaft stellen die nachwachsenden Rohstoffe (NawaRo) eine relevante Biomassegruppe dar. In this case, biomass is gassed or fermented, and this term is to be understood explicitly comprehensively, that is to say, for example, in the broad sense meaning phyto- and / or zoomasse as well as resulting derivatives, by-products, residues and wastes is. In the waste management context, this applies in particular to the waste fractions of waste wood, compostable waste from households, vegetable and animal wastes from the agricultural, forestry and fish industries as well as waste from the production and use of food and beverages. Outside of waste management, renewable raw materials (NawaRo) represent a relevant biomass group.
Ein weiterer wesentlicher Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrensführung liegt darin, dass das im Rahmen der Methanisierung in der Methanisierungs- einheit anfallende Wasser gegebenenfalls auch wiederum der Elektrolyseeinrichtung zugeführt werden kann, um von diesem Wasser den Wasserstoff abzuspalten, der dann in der Methanisierungseinheit zur Methanisierung benötigt wird. Auch mit dieser besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsvariante lässt sich somit der Wirkungsgrad der erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrensführung nochmals wesentlich erhöhen. Another significant advantage of the method according to the invention is that the water obtained during the methanation in the methanation unit optionally also in turn the Electrolysis can be supplied to split off the hydrogen from this water, which is then required in the methanation for methanation. Even with this particularly preferred embodiment, thus, the efficiency of the process control according to the invention can be significantly increased again.
Je nach den vorherrschenden Betriebsbedingungen kann aber selbstverständlich, alternativ oder zusätzlich, vorgesehen sein, dass der Elektrolyseeinrichtung eine definierte Menge an Frischwasser zugeführt wird. However, depending on the prevailing operating conditions, it may of course be provided, alternatively or additionally, that the electrolysis device is supplied with a defined amount of fresh water.
Zusätzlich oder alternativ kann auch das in der Vergasungseinrichtung und/oder in der Biogasanlage anfallende Wasser, insbesondere Kondenswasser, wenigstens zum Teil der Elektrolyseeinrichtung zugeführt werden. Additionally or alternatively, the water obtained in the gasification device and / or in the biogas plant, in particular condensed water, can also be supplied at least in part to the electrolysis device.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist des Weiteren eine Verfahrensführung, bei der wenigstens ein Teil oder lediglich ein Teil des in der Biogasanlage im Rahmen einer Hydrolyse erzeugten Wasserstoffes der Elektrolyseinrichtung zugeführt wird. Die Biogasanlage kann hierzu zum Beispiel wenigstens eine gezielt zur Wasserstofferzeugung ausgelegte bzw. ausgebildete Hydrolysestufe aufweisen, in der der Wasserstoff (H2) erzeugt wird. Grundsätzlich kann der Wasserstoff aber auch im Rahmen der „normalen" Hydrolyse in einem Fermenter der Biogasanlage erzeugt und von dort abgezogen werden. Insbesondere in Verbindung mit einer Biogasanlage die eine Trocknungseinrichtung, zum Beispiel eine Trocknungseinrichtung zur Trocknung von Gärresten, aufweist, kann es vorteilhaft sein, das in der Trocknungseinrichtung anfallende Wasser wenigstens zum Teil der Elektrolyseeinrichtung zuzuführen. Auch hierdurch ergibt sich eine optimale Ausnutzung der innerhalb des Systems anfallenden Wertstoffe im Rahmen der erfindungsgemäßen Biomethanerzeugung. Furthermore, a process control in which at least a part or only a part of the hydrogen generated in the biogas plant as part of a hydrolysis is supplied to the electrolyte device is particularly advantageous. For this purpose, the biogas plant may, for example, have at least one hydrolysis stage designed or designed specifically for producing hydrogen, in which the hydrogen (H 2 ) is produced. In principle, however, the hydrogen can also be produced in the course of "normal" hydrolysis in a fermenter of the biogas plant and withdrawn therefrom, in particular in connection with a biogas plant which has a drying device, for example a drying device for drying fermentation residues, it may be advantageous to supply the water obtained in the drying device at least partially to the electrolysis device Utilization of the valuable substances occurring within the system in the context of the biomethane production according to the invention.
Die der Elektrolyseeinrichtung zugeführte Wassermenge, insbesondere eine Frischwassermenge und/oder eine Trocknungswassermenge und/oder eine Kondenswassermenge aus der Biogasanlage und/oder eine Kondenswassermenge aus der Vergasungseinrichtung, wird, bevorzugt mittels einer Steuer- und/oder Regeleinrichtung, in Abhängigkeit von der in der Methanisierungseinheit gebildeten und der Elektrolyseeinrichtung zugeführten Wassermenge vorgegeben. Hier, wie auch insgesamt und damit ganz allgemein, gilt, dass bei der erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrensführung wenigstens eine Steuer- und/oder Regeleinrichtung vorgesehen ist, mittels der die Stoffströme zu den einzelnen Anlagen, Bauteilen etc. in Abhängigkeit von definiert vorgegebenen Betriebsparametern gesteuert und/oder geregelt werden. The amount of water supplied to the electrolysis device, in particular a quantity of fresh water and / or a quantity of drying water and / or a quantity of condensed water from the biogas plant and / or a condensed water quantity from the gasification device, is, preferably by means of a control and / or regulating device, dependent on that in the methanation unit specified and the electrolysis device supplied amount of water specified. Here, as well as in general and thus quite generally, it is the case that in the process control according to the invention at least one control and / or regulating device is provided, by means of which the material flows to the individual plants, components, etc. are controlled in dependence on defined operating parameters and / or be managed.
Grundsätzlich besteht jedoch auch die Möglichkeit, das in der Methanisierungseinheit gebildete Wasser wenigstens zum Teil dem wenigstens einen Fermenter der Biogasanlage zuzuführen bzw. alternativ oder zusätzlich wenigstens zum Teil, vorzugsweise in erhitzter Form als Wasserdampf, dem wenigstens einen Reaktor der Vergasungseinrichtung zuzuführen. In letzterem Fall dient dann der Wasserdampf zum Beispiel als Vergasungs- und/oder Oxidationsmittel der Vergasungseinrichtung. In principle, however, it is also possible to feed the water formed in the methanation unit at least in part to the at least one fermenter of the biogas plant or, alternatively or additionally, to feed it to the gasification device at least in part, preferably in heated form as water vapor. In the latter case, the steam then serves as a gasification and / or oxidizing agent of the gasification device, for example.
Des Weiteren handelt es sich bei den in der Methanisierungseinheit ablaufenden Reaktionen um stark exotherme Reaktionen. Dadurch besteht die Möglichkeit, die in der Methanisierungseinheit anfallende Wärme aus dieser auszukoppeln und innerhalb des Systems dort einzukoppeln, wo Wärme benötigt wird, zum Beispiel der Biogasanlage und/oder der Vergasungseinrichtung zuzuführen. Es versteht sich, dass wenigstens ein Teil des in der Biogasanlage erzeugten Biogases und/oder wenigstens ein Teil des in der Vergasungseinrichtung erzeugten Synthesegases selbstverständlich auch wenigstens einem Blockheizkraftwerk zugeführt werden kann, in dem Strom erzeugt wird. Dieser Strom kann dann zum Beispiel in ein Stromnetz eingespeist werden. Besonders effektiv und im Hinblick auf den Gesamtwirkungsgrad vorteilhaft ist jedoch eine Ausführungsform, bei der der erzeugte Strom wenigstens zum Teil auch der Elektrolyseeinrichtung zugeführt wird, die elektrische Energie benötigt, um das Wasser in Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff aufzuspalten. Furthermore, the reactions occurring in the methanation unit are strongly exothermic reactions. As a result, it is possible to decouple the heat arising in the methanation unit from this and to couple it in the system where heat is needed, for example, to feed the biogas plant and / or the gasification device. It goes without saying that at least part of the biogas produced in the biogas plant and / or at least part of the synthesis gas produced in the gasification device can of course also be supplied to at least one cogeneration plant in which electricity is generated. This power can then be fed into a power grid, for example. Particularly effective and advantageous in terms of the overall efficiency, however, is an embodiment in which the generated power is at least partly also supplied to the electrolysis device which requires electrical energy in order to split the water into hydrogen and oxygen.
Das in der Biogasanlage gewonnene kohlendioxidhaltige Biogas und das in der Vergasungseinrichtung erhaltene Synthesegas können grundsätzlich unabhängig und separat voneinander der Methanisierungseinheit zu vorgegebenen Zeiten und in vorgegebener Menge zugeführt werden. Grundsätzlich besteht jedoch auch die Möglichkeit, wenigstens einen Teil des zur Methanisierungseinheit geführten Biogases mit wenigstens einem Teil des zur Methanisierungseinheit geführten Synthesegases stromauf der Methanisierungseinheit zusammenzuführen und zu vermischen, was zweckmäßigerweise in einer Mischeinrichtung geschieht, so dass dann der Methanisierungseinheit ein Gemisch aus den beiden Gasen zugeführt wird. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass der Methanisierungseinheit dann ein im Wesentlichen gleichbleibendes homogenes Gasgemisch zugeführt werden kann, was sich vorteilhaft auf den Reaktionsablauf in der Methanisierungseinheit auswirkt. The carbon dioxide-containing biogas obtained in the biogas plant and the synthesis gas obtained in the gasification device can, in principle, be supplied independently and separately from one another to the methanation unit at predetermined times and in a predetermined amount. In principle, however, it is also possible to combine at least part of the biogas fed to the methanation unit with at least part of the synthesis gas fed to the methanization unit upstream of the methanation unit and to mix what is expediently done in a mixing device, so that then the methanation unit is a mixture of the two gases is supplied. This has the advantage that the methanation unit can then be supplied with a substantially homogeneous homogeneous gas mixture, which has an advantageous effect on the course of the reaction in the methanation unit.
Das in der Vergasungseinrichtung erzeugte Synthesegas wird der Methanisierungseinheit vorzugsweise kontinuierlich und ohne Zwischenspeicherung zugeführt. Der Grund hierfür liegt insbesondere darin, dass eine Speicherung des Synthesegases zum einen relativ aufwendig ist und dass der Reaktor der Vergasungseinrichtung relativ einfach hinsichtlich der Gasausbeute mittels einer Steuer- und/oder Regeleinrichtung Steuer- bzw. regelbarbar ist, das heißt die Gasausbeute und damit der Gasabzug mittels einer Steuer- und/oder Regeleinrichtung relativ gut und einfach gedrosselt bzw. erhöht werden kann. Letzteres ist dagegen bei einer Biogasanlage schwieriger, während hier aber das entstehende Biogas relativ leicht gespeichert werden kann. Dementsprechend weist die Biogasanlage bevorzugt einen Gasspeicher auf, in dem das der Methanisierungseinheit zugeführte kohlendioxidhaltige Biogas zwischengespeichert und dann mittels einer Steuer- und/oder Regeleinrichtung bedarfsweise abgezogen wird. Hierdurch wird somit ein Aufbau zur Verfügung gestellt, mittels dem das Gasmanagment für Zuführung von Gas zur Methanisierungseinheit einfach zu bewerkstelligen ist. The synthesis gas produced in the gasification device is preferably fed to the methanation unit continuously and without intermediate storage. The reason for this is, in particular, that storage of the synthesis gas is relatively expensive on the one hand and that the reactor of the gasification device is relatively simple in terms of the gas yield by means of a control and / or regulating device can be controlled or regulated, that is, the gas yield and thus the gas outlet by means of a control and / or regulating device relatively well and easily throttled or increased. The latter, however, is more difficult in a biogas plant, while here, however, the resulting biogas can be stored relatively easily. Accordingly, the biogas plant preferably has a gas storage in which the methanation unit supplied carbon dioxide-containing biogas is temporarily stored and then withdrawn by means of a control and / or regulating device, if necessary. As a result, a structure is provided by means of which the gas management for supplying gas to the methanation unit is easy to accomplish.
Gemäß einer weiteren besonders bevorzugten Ausgestaltung kann vorgesehen sein, dass ein nicht der Methanisierungseinheit zuführbarer Teil des kohlendioxidhaltigen Biogases einer Aufbereitungseinrichtung zugeführt wird, in der das Kohlendioxid aus dem Biogas abgetrennt wird, wobei das abgetrennte Kohlendioxid der Methanisierungseinheit zugeführt wird. Auch hierdurch wird zum Beispiel insbesondere in Verbindung mit sehr großen Mengen von anfallendem Biogas zum einen sichergestellt, dass ein möglichst reines Methan dem Gasnetz zugeführt wird. Das abgetrennte Kohlendioxid braucht dann zum anderen aber nicht einfach verworfen werden, sondern kann vorteilhaft der Methanisierungseinheit zugeführt werden, in der das Kohlendioxid als Edukt für die dort ablaufenden Sabatier-Reaktionen benötigt wird. According to a further particularly preferred embodiment it can be provided that a part of the carbon dioxide-containing biogas which can not be fed to the methanation unit is fed to a treatment device in which the carbon dioxide is separated from the biogas, the separated carbon dioxide being fed to the methanation unit. This also ensures, for example, especially in connection with very large amounts of biogas produced on the one hand, that as pure as possible methane is supplied to the gas grid. On the other hand, the separated carbon dioxide need not simply be discarded, but can advantageously be fed to the methanation unit, in which the carbon dioxide is required as starting material for the sabatizing reactions taking place there.
Ferner wird gemäß einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform vorgeschlagen, dass wenigstens ein Teil des in der Elektrolyseeinrichtung erzeugten Sauerstoffs der Vergasungseinrichtung zugeführt wird. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass der Sauerstoff dann dort, insbesondere als Vergasungs- bzw. Oxidationsmittel, verwendet werden kann. Dies hilft ebenfalls, den Gesamtwirkungsgrad der erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrensführung zu erhöhen. Furthermore, according to a further preferred embodiment, it is proposed that at least part of the oxygen produced in the electrolysis device is supplied to the gasification device. This has the advantage that the oxygen then there, especially as gasification or Oxidizing agent, can be used. This also helps to increase the overall efficiency of the process control according to the invention.
Ferner wird eine Anlage zur Erzeugung von Biomethan beansprucht, deren Vorteile identisch zu den zuvor in Verbindung mit der Verfahrensführung genannten Vorteilen sind. Insofern wird auf die zuvor gemachten Ausführungen verwiesen. Furthermore, a plant for the production of biomethane is claimed, whose advantages are identical to the advantages mentioned above in connection with the process management. In this respect, reference is made to the statements made above.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to a drawing.
Die einzige Figur zeigt schematisch ein Fließbild einer beispielhaften Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von Biomethan. Diese Vorrichtung 1 umfasst zum einen eine Vergasungseinrichtung 2, in der durch thermische Vergasung von zum Beispiel Biomasse (im Sinne der vorstehenden Definition) mittels eines Vergasungsund/oder Oxidationsmittels in wenigstens einem Reaktor der Vergasungseinrichtung ein wenigstens bzw. unter anderem Kohlenmonoxid (CO), Kohlendioxid (C02), Wasserstoff (H2) und Methan (CH4) enthaltendes Synthesegas erzeugt wird. Ein Teil dieses Synthesegas 3 wird, gesteuert bzw. geregelt über eine hier nicht dargestellte Steuer- und/oder Regeleinrichtung, zu vorgegebenen Zeiten und in vorgegebener Menge einer Methanisierungseinheit 4 zugeführt. Ein anderer Teil dieses in der Vergasungseinrichtung 2 erzeugten Synthesegases 5 wird hier beispielhaft einem BHKW 6 zugeführt. The single figure shows schematically a flow diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention for the production of biomethane. This device 1 comprises, on the one hand, a gasification device 2 in which by at least or among other carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide by thermal gasification of, for example, biomass (as defined above) by means of a gasification and / or oxidizing agent in at least one reactor of the gasification device (C0 2 ), hydrogen (H 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ) containing synthesis gas is generated. A portion of this synthesis gas 3 is, controlled or regulated via a control and / or regulating device, not shown here, supplied at predetermined times and in a predetermined amount of a methanation unit 4. Another part of this synthesis gas 5 produced in the gasification device 2 is supplied here by way of example to a CHP 6.
Weiter umfasst die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung 1 zur Erzeugung von Biomethan eine Biogasanlage 7, in der durch biologische Vergasung bzw. Vergärung von zum Beispiel Biomasse (im Sinne der vorstehenden Definition) in wenigstens einem Fermenter der Biogasanlage 7 ein wenigstens bzw. vor allem Methan und Kohlendioxid enthaltendes Biogas erzeugt wird. Die Biogasanlage 7 kann zudem zum Beispiel wenigstens eine gezielt zur Wasserstofferzeugung ausgelegte bzw. ausgebildete Hydrolysestufe aufweisen, in der Wasserstoff (H2) erzeugt wird, der dann Bestandteil des Biogases 8 bildet. Dieser Wasserstoff kann grundsätzlich aber auch im Rahmen der„normalen" Hydrolyse in einem Fermenter der Biogasanlage 7 erzeugt werden. Ein Teil dieses vorzugsweise auch Wasserstoff aufweisenden Biogases 8 wird von der Biogasanlage 7 ausgehend wiederum gesteuert bzw. geregelt der Methanisierungseinheit 4 zugeführt. Ein anderer Teil dieses Biogases 9 wird hier beispielhaft einem weiteren BHKW 10 zugeführt. Furthermore, the device 1 according to the invention for producing biomethane comprises a biogas plant 7 in which by at least or especially methane and carbon dioxide containing by biological gasification or fermentation of biomass (as defined above) in at least one fermenter of the biogas plant 7 Biogas is generated. The Biogas plant 7 can also have, for example, at least one specifically designed for hydrogen production or trained hydrolysis in which hydrogen (H 2 ) is generated, which then forms part of the biogas 8. In principle, however, this hydrogen can also be generated in the course of the "normal" hydrolysis in a fermenter of the biogas plant 7. A part of this biogas 8, which preferably also contains hydrogen, is again fed or controlled from the biogas plant 7 to the methanation unit 4. Another part This biogas 9 is supplied here by way of example to another CHP 10.
Optional kann, wie in der Fig. 1 schematisch und strichliert mittels des BHKWs 11 dargestellt, aber auch nur ein einziges BHKW 11 vorhanden sein, mittels dem ein Gemisch aus Synthesegas 5 und Biogas 9 verbrannt wird. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass der Motor des BHKWs stabiler gefahren werden kann und damit der Wirkungsgrad höher ist, weil reines Synthesegas eine starke Klopfneigung aufweist bzw. zum Rückzünden neigt. Ebenso könnte dieses BHKW 11 auch zusätzlich zu den BHKWs 6 und 10 vorgesehen sein. Optionally, as shown schematically in FIG. 1 and dashed by the CHP 11, but also only a single CHP 11 may be present, by means of which a mixture of synthesis gas 5 and biogas 9 is burned. This has the advantage that the engine of the CHP can be driven more stable and thus the efficiency is higher, because pure synthesis gas has a strong tendency to knock or tends to flash back. Likewise, this CHP 11 could also be provided in addition to the CHPs 6 and 10.
Der in den BHKWs erzeugte Strom wird dann in ein, vorzugsweise öffentliches, Stromnetz 12 eingespeist werden. The electricity generated in the CHPs will then be fed into a, preferably public, power grid 12.
Aus dem Stromnetz 12 wird dann Strom abgezogen (Bezugszeichen 19) und einer Elektrolyseeinrichtung 14 zugeführt, die Strom benötigt, um der Elektrolyseeinrichtung 14 zugeführtes Wasser 15 durch den elektrischen Strom in Wasserstoff H2 und Sauerstoff 02 zu spalten, wobei, wie in der Fig. 1 dargestellt, der mittels der Elektrolyseeinrichtung 14 erzeugte Wasserstoff wenigstens zum Teil der Methanisierungseinheit 4 zugeführt wird. Auch hier werden die Stoffströme wieder mittels einer bzw. der bereits vorhin erwähnten Steuer- und/oder Regeleinrichtung gesteuert bzw. geregelt. Wie in der Fig. 1 weiter dargestellt (Bezugszeichen 13), kann wenigstens ein Teil des in der Elektrolyseeinrichtung 14 erzeugten Sauerstoffs 02 der Vergasungseinrichtung 2 zugeführt werden, in der der Sauerstoff dann als Oxidationsmittel fungieren kann. Power is then withdrawn from the power grid 12 (reference numeral 19) and supplied to an electrolyzer 14, which requires power to split water 15 supplied to the electrolyzer 14 by the electric current into hydrogen H 2 and oxygen O 2 , wherein, as shown in FIG 1, the hydrogen produced by means of the electrolyzer 14 is at least partially supplied to the methanation unit 4. Again, the material flows are again controlled or regulated by means of one or the previously mentioned control and / or regulating device. As further illustrated in FIG. 1 (reference numeral 13), at least a portion of the oxygen O 2 generated in the electrolyzer 14 may be supplied to the gasifier 2, in which the oxygen may then function as an oxidant.
Im vorliegenden Beispielfall der Fig. 1 ist ferner gezeigt, dass ein gegebenenfalls überschießender Teil des erzeugten Wasserstoffs 17 auch einem, zum Beispiel öffentlichen, Gasnetz 18 zugeführt werden, kann. Das von der Vergasungseinrichtung 2 kommende Synthesegas 3 und das von der Biogasanlage 7 kommende Biogas 8 können grundsätzlich, wie in der Fig. 1 dargestellt, separat und unabhängig voneinander der Methanisierungseinheit 4 zugeführt werden. Wie in der Fig. 1 schematisch und strichliert dargestellt, können diese beiden Gasströme jedoch auch stromauf der Methanisierungseinheit 4 einer Mischeinrichtung 20 zugeführt werden, in der die beiden Gasströme dann miteinander vermischt und als Gasgemisch der Methanisierungseinheit 4 zugeführt werden. In the present example case of FIG. 1 it is further shown that an optionally overshooting part of the generated hydrogen 17 can also be supplied to a, for example public, gas network 18. The synthesis gas 3 coming from the gasification device 2 and the biogas 8 coming from the biogas plant 7 can in principle, as shown in FIG. 1, be supplied separately and independently of one another to the methanation unit 4. However, as shown diagrammatically and dashed in FIG. 1, these two gas streams can also be fed upstream of the methanation unit 4 to a mixing device 20, in which the two gas streams are then mixed with one another and supplied to the methanation unit 4 as gas mixture.
In der Methanisierungseinheit 4 selbst finden dann die nachfolgenden beiden Sabatier-Reaktionen statt: In the methanation unit 4 itself, the following two Sabatier reactions take place:
C02 + 4H2 -» 2H20 + CH4 C0 2 + 4H 2 - »2H 2 0 + CH 4
CO + 3H2 H20 + CH4 Mit anderen Worten wird in der Methanisierungseinheit 4 das Kohlenstoffdioxid, das Kohlenmonoxid und der Wasserstoff in Methan (CH4) und Wasser (H20) umgewandelt. Das einen hohen Reinheitsgrad aufweisende CH4 kann dann als Biomethan 21 dem Gasnetz 18 zugeführt werden. Das im Rahmen der Sabatier-Reaktionen weiter anfallende Reaktionsprodukt Wasser kann zum Beispiel, wie bereits zuvor ausgeführt mittelbar oder wie hier gezeigt unmittelbar der Elektrolyseeinrichtung 14 zugeführt werden (Wasser 15). CO + 3H 2 0 + H 2 CH 4 In other words, the carbon dioxide, the carbon monoxide and hydrogen to methane (CH 4) and water in the methanation unit 4 (H 2 0) converted. The high-purity CH 4 can then be supplied to the gas network 18 as biomethane 21. The further reaction product water occurring as part of the Sabatier reactions can, for example, as already stated above, be supplied indirectly or as shown here directly to the electrolysis device 14 (water 15).
Das in der Methanisierungseinheit 4 gebildete Wasser kann alternativ oder zusätzlich aber auch, wie mit den Pfeilen 22 und 23 angedeutet, der Vergasungseinrichtung 2 und/oder der Biogasanlage 7 zugeführt werden. Alternativ oder zusätzlich zu der Zuführung von Wasser 15 aus der Methanisierungseinheit 4 zur Elektrolyseeinrichtung 14 kann auch vorgesehen sein, der Elektrolyseeinrichtung 14 Frischwasser 24 zuzuführen. The water formed in the methanation 4 may alternatively or additionally but also, as indicated by the arrows 22 and 23, the gasification device 2 and / or the biogas plant 7 are supplied. Alternatively or in addition to the supply of water 15 from the methanation unit 4 to the electrolysis device 14 may also be provided to supply the electrolysis device 14 fresh water 24.
Auch hier gilt wieder, dass die Menge und der Zeitpunkt bzw. die Zeitdauer der Strom-, Wasser- und Wasserstoff-Stoffströme mittels der Steuer- und/oder Regeleinrichtung gesteuert bzw. geregelt wird. Again, it is again true that the amount and the time or the duration of the current, water and hydrogen streams are controlled or regulated by means of the control and / or regulating device.
In Verbindung mit der Wasserversorgung der Elektrolyseeinrichtung 14 ist es ebenso denkbar, dass im Falle einer Trocknungseinrichtung 25 als Bestandteil der Biogasanlage 7, zum Beispiel im Falle einer Gärreste- Trocknungseinrichtung, dort anfallendes Wasser 26 wenigstens zum Teil der Elektrolyseeinrichtung 14 zugeführt wird. In connection with the water supply of the electrolysis device 14, it is also conceivable that in the case of a drying device 25 as part of the biogas plant 7, for example in the case of a digestate drying device, there accumulating water 26 is at least partially supplied to the electrolyzer 14.
Ebenso könnte alternativ oder zusätzlich Kondenswasser 37 aus der Vergasungseinrichtung 2 bzw. aus der Biogasanlage 7 (analog Bezugszeichen 26) wenigstens zum Teil der Elektrolyseeinrichtung 14 zugeführt werden. Likewise, alternatively or additionally, condensation water 37 from the gasification device 2 or from the biogas plant 7 (analogously to reference number 26) could be supplied at least in part to the electrolysis device 14.
Wie bereits zuvor ausgeführt, kann das Wassermanagement, das heißt die Zuführung von Frischwasser und/oder von Produktwasser aus der Methanisierungseinheit 4 und/oder von in einer Trocknungseinrichtung der Biogasanlage anfallendes Wasser 26 und/oder von Kondenswasser 37 aus der Vergasungseinrichtung 2 zur Elektrolyseeinrichtung 14 mittels einer Steuer- und/oder Regeleinrichtung gesteuert werden, und zwar in Abhängigkeit von den jeweils vorgegebenen Betriebsparametern. As already stated above, the water management, that is, the supply of fresh water and / or product water from the methanation unit 4 and / or in a drying device of the Biogas plant accumulating water 26 and / or condensate 37 from the gasification device 2 to the electrolysis device 14 are controlled by means of a control and / or regulating device, in dependence on the respective predetermined operating parameters.
Wie dies der Fig. 1 weiter zu entnehmen ist, kann ein Teil des in der Biogasanlage erzeugten kohlendioxidhaltigen Biogases 8 einer Aufbereitungseinrichtung 27, zum Beispiel einem Gaswäscher, zugeführt werden, in dem das Kohlendioxid abgetrennt wird. Dieses abgetrennte Kohlendioxid kann dann zum Beispiel optional der Methanisierungseinheit 4 zugeführt werden kann (Bezugszeichen 28). In der Methanisierungseinheit 4 dient das Kohlendioxid dann als Edukt bei der Methanisierung von Wasserstoff, während das so gereinigte Biogas 29 dann als Biomethan dem öffentlichen Gasnetz 18 zugeführt werden kann. 1, part of the carbon dioxide-containing biogas 8 produced in the biogas plant can be supplied to a treatment device 27, for example a gas scrubber, in which the carbon dioxide is separated off. This separated carbon dioxide can then optionally be supplied to the methanation unit 4, for example (reference numeral 28). In the methanation 4, the carbon dioxide is then used as starting material in the methanation of hydrogen, while the thus purified biogas 29 can then be supplied to the public gas network 18 as biomethane.
Wie in der Fig. 1 weiter dargestellt, kann dem Gasnetz 18 auch Gas entnommen und einem Gaskraftwerk 30 zugeführt werden, in dem dann Strom 31 erzeugt wird, der dem Stromnetz 12 zugeführt wird. Grundsätzlich wäre es denkbar, das in der Methanisierungseinheit 4 erzeugte Biomethan 21 direkt bzw. wenigstens zum Teil dem Gaskraftwerk 30 zuzuführen. As further illustrated in FIG. 1, gas can also be taken from the gas network 18 and fed to a gas-fired power station 30 in which power 31 is then generated, which is supplied to the power grid 12. In principle, it would be conceivable to supply the biomethane 21 produced in the methanation unit 4 directly or at least partially to the gas power plant 30.
Ebenso kann dem Stromnetz 12 von Windkraftanalagen 32 bzw. von Solaranlagen 33 erzeugter Strom zugeführt werden. Likewise, the power grid 12 of wind turbines 32 and 33 of electricity generated by solar panels 33 can be supplied.
Die aufgrund der stark exothermen Reaktionen in der Methanisierungseinheit 4 zur Verfügung stehende Abwärme 34 kann dann zum Beispiel der Vergasungseinrichtung 2 und/oder der Biogasanlage 7 zugeführt werden, wie dies in der Fig. 1 weiter schematisch dargestellt ist. (Wärmezuführung 35, 36). Bei einer derartigen Verfahrensführung besteht der Vorteil gegenüber einer klassischen Biogasaufbereitung vor allem darin, dass das Kohlendioxid nicht abgetrennt wird und somit verloren geht, sondern weiter aufbereitet wird und das gesamte produzierte Biogas in Form von Methan letztendlich in das einen hohen Gasreinheitsgrad erfordernde Gasnetz 18 eingespeist werden kann. Der Vorteil in Verbindung mit Vergasungseinrichtungen 2 besteht darin, dass das entstehende Schwachgas aufgewertet wird und ebenfalls in das Gasnetz 18 eingespeist werden kann. The waste heat 34 available in the methanation unit 4 on account of the strongly exothermic reactions can then be supplied, for example, to the gasification device 2 and / or the biogas plant 7, as is further illustrated schematically in FIG. (Heat supply 35, 36). In such a process management, the advantage over a classic biogas treatment is mainly that the carbon dioxide is not separated and thus lost, but is further processed and the entire produced biogas in the form of methane are ultimately fed into the high gas purity requiring gas network 18 can. The advantage in connection with gasification devices 2 is that the resulting lean gas is upgraded and can also be fed into the gas network 18.
Die Stoffströme selbst werden mittels zwischen den einzelnen Anlagenteilen verlegten Rohrleitungen vorgenommen. Zur Stromversorgung sind Stromleitungen vorgesehen. Stell- bzw. Steuersignale können funktionstechnisch als auch mittels Leitungen übertragen werden. The material flows themselves are made by means of pipelines laid between the individual plant components. For power supply power lines are provided. Actuating or control signals can be transmitted functionally as well as by means of cables.

Claims

Patentansprüche Patent claims
1. Verfahren zum Erzeugen von Biomethan, mit einer Methanisierungseinheit (4), in der Kohlenstoffdioxid, Kohlenmonoxid und Wasserstoff in Methan und Wasser umgewandelt werden, mit einer Elektrolyseeinrichtung (14), in der der Elektrolyseeinrichtung (14) zugeführtes Wasser durch elektrischen Strom in Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff gespalten wird, wobei der mittels der Elektrolyseeinrichtung1. Process for producing biomethane, with a methanation unit (4), in which carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen are converted into methane and water, with an electrolysis device (14), in which water supplied to the electrolysis device (14) is converted into hydrogen by electric current and oxygen is split, using the electrolysis device
(14) erzeugte Wasserstoff wenigstens zum Teil der Methanisierungseinheit (4) zugeführt wird, mit einer Biogasanlage (7), in der durch Vergärung von vergärbaren Stoffen in wenigstens einem Fermenter der Biogasanlage (7) ein wenigstens Methan und Kohlendioxid enthaltendes Biogas erzeugt wird, das wenigstens zum Teil der Methanisierungseinheit (4) zugeführt wird, mit einer Vergasungseinrichtung (2), in der durch thermische Vergasung von thermisch vergasbaren Stoffen mittels eines Vergasungs- und/oder(14) produced hydrogen is at least partially supplied to the methanation unit (4), with a biogas plant (7), in which a biogas containing at least methane and carbon dioxide is produced by fermentation of fermentable substances in at least one fermenter of the biogas plant (7). is at least partially fed to the methanation unit (4), with a gasification device (2), in which thermal gasification of thermally gasifiable substances by means of a gasification and / or
Oxidationsmittels in wenigstens einem Reaktor der Vergasungseinrichtung (2) ein wenigstens Kohlenmonoxid, Wasserstoff, Kohlendioxid und Methan enthaltendes Synthesegas erzeugt wird, das wenigstens zum Teil der Methanisierungseinheit (4) zugeführt wird, wobei das in der Methanisierungseinheit (4) gebildete Biomethan einer Verwertungs- und/oder Speichereinrichtung, insbesondere einem Gasspeicher und/oder einem Gasnetz (18), zugeführt wird. By means of an oxidizing agent in at least one reactor of the gasification device (2), a synthesis gas containing at least carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methane is produced, at least some of which is fed to the methanation unit (4), wherein the biomethane formed in the methanation unit (4) is fed to a utilization and/or storage device, in particular a gas storage and/or a gas network (18).
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das in der Methanisierungseinheit (4) gebildete Wasser wenigstens zum Teil der Elektrolyseeinrichtung (14) zugeführt wird. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the water formed in the methanation unit (4) is at least partially supplied to the electrolysis device (14).
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Elektrolyseeinrichtung (14) eine definierte Menge an Frischwasser zugeführt wird. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the electrolysis device (14) is supplied with a defined amount of fresh water.
4. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das in der Vergasungseinrichtung (2) und/oder in der Biogasanlage (7) anfallende Wasser, insbesondere Kondenswasser, wenigstens zum Teil der Elektrolyseeinrichtung (14) zugeführt wird. 4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the water, in particular condensed water, arising in the gasification device (2) and/or in the biogas plant (7) is at least partially supplied to the electrolysis device (14).
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens ein Teil oder lediglich ein Teil des in der Biogasanlage (7) im Rahmen einer Hydrolyse, insbesondere in wenigstens einer Hydrolysestufe, erzeugten Wasserstoffes der Elektrolyseinrichtung (14) zugeführt wird. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least a part or only a part of the hydrogen produced in the biogas plant (7) as part of a hydrolysis, in particular in at least one hydrolysis stage, is fed to the electrolysis device (14).
6. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Biogasanlage (7) eine Trocknungseinrichtung (25), insbesondere zur Trocknung von Gärresten, aufweist, wobei das in der Trocknungseinrichtung (25) anfallende Wasser wenigstens zum Teil der Elektrolyseinrichtung (14) zugeführt wird. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die der Elektrolyseeinrichtung (14) zugeführte Wassermenge, insbesondere eine Frischwassermenge und/oder eine Trocknungswassermenge und/oder eine Kondenswassermenge aus der Biogasanlage (7) und/oder eine Kondenswassermenge aus der Vergasungseinrichtung (2), mittels einer Steuer- und/oder Regeleinrichtung in Abhängigkeit von der in der Methanisierungseinheit (4) gebildeten und der Elektrolyseeinrichtung (14) zugeführten Wassermenge vorgegeben wird. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the biogas plant (7) has a drying device (25), in particular for drying fermentation residues, the water arising in the drying device (25) being at least partly supplied to the electrolytic device (14). is supplied. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the amount of water supplied to the electrolysis device (14), in particular an amount of fresh water and/or an amount of drying water and/or an amount of condensed water from the biogas plant (7) and/or an amount of condensed water from the gasification device (2) , is specified by means of a control and / or regulating device depending on the amount of water formed in the methanation unit (4) and supplied to the electrolysis device (14).
Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das in der Methanisierungseinheit (4) gebildete Wasser wenigstens zum Teil dem wenigstens einem Fermenter der Biogasanlage (7) zugeführt wird und/oder wenigstens zum Teil in erhitzter Form als Wasserdampf dem wenigstens einen Reaktor der Vergasungseinrichtung (2) zugeführt wird. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the water formed in the methanation unit (4) is at least partly fed to the at least one fermenter of the biogas plant (7) and / or at least partly in heated form as water vapor to the at least one reactor Gasification device (2) is supplied.
Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die in der Methanisierungseinheit (4) anfallende Wärme aus der Methanisierungseinheit (4) ausgekoppelt und der Biogasanlage (7) und/oder der Vergasungseinrichtung (2) zugeführt wird. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heat generated in the methanation unit (4) is decoupled from the methanation unit (4) and fed to the biogas plant (7) and/or the gasification device (2).
0. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Teil des in der Biogasanlage (7) erzeugten Biogases und/oder ein Teil des in der Vergasungseinrichtung (2) erzeugten Synthesegases wenigstens einem Blockheizkraftwerk (6, 0. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a part of the biogas produced in the biogas plant (7) and/or a part of the synthesis gas produced in the gasification device (2) is sent to at least one combined heat and power plant (6,
10, 11 ) zugeführt wird, in dem Strom erzeugt wird. 10, 11) is supplied in which electricity is generated.
11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erzeugte Strom in ein Stromnetz (12) eingespeist wird. 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the electricity generated is fed into a power grid (12).
12. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens ein Teil des der Methanisierungs- einheit (4) zugeführten Biogases mit wenigstens einem Teil des der Methanisierungseinheit (4) zugeführten Synthesegases in einer Mischeinrichtung (20) zusammengeführt und vermischt sowie anschließend der Methanisierungseinheit (4) zugeführt wird. 12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least part of the biogas supplied to the methanation unit (4) is combined and mixed with at least part of the synthesis gas supplied to the methanation unit (4) in a mixing device (20) and then the Methanization unit (4) is fed.
13. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das die Biogasanlage (7) einen Gasspeicher aufweist, in dem das der Methanisierungseinheit (4) zugeführte kohlendioxidhaltige Biogas zwischengespeichert und bedarfsweise abgezogen wird. 13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the biogas plant (7) has a gas storage in which the carbon dioxide-containing biogas supplied to the methanation unit (4) is temporarily stored and withdrawn if necessary.
14. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein nicht der Methanisierungseinheit (4) zuführbarer Teil des kohlendioxidhaltigen Biogases einer Aufbereitungseinrichtung (27) zugeführt wird, in der Kohlendioxid aus dem Biogas abgetrennt wird, wobei das abgetrennte Kohlendioxid der Methanisierungseinheit (4) zugeführt wird. 14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a part of the carbon dioxide-containing biogas that cannot be fed to the methanation unit (4) is fed to a processing device (27) in which carbon dioxide is separated from the biogas, the separated carbon dioxide being sent to the methanation unit (4 ) is supplied.
15. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens ein Teil des in der Elektrolyseeinrichtung (14) erzeugten Sauerstoffs der Vergasungseinrichtung (2) zugeführt wird. 15. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least part of the oxygen generated in the electrolysis device (14) is fed to the gasification device (2).
16. Anlage zur Erzeugung von Biomethan, insbesondere zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, mit einer Methanisierungseinheit (4), in der Kohlenstoffdioxid, Kohlenmonoxid und Wasserstoff in Methan und Wasser umwandelbar ist, mit einer Elektrolyseeinrichtung (14), in der der Elektrolyseeinrichtung zugeführtes Wasser durch elektrischen Strom in Wasserstoff und Sauerstoff spaltbar, wobei von der Elektrolyseeinrichtung (14) wenigstens eine Wasserstoff-Zuführleitung zu der Methanisierungseinheit (4) führt, mittels der eine definierte Menge eines mittels der Elektrolyseeinrichtung (14) erzeugten Wasserstoffes der Methanisierungseinheit (4) zuführbar ist, mit einer Biogasanlage (7), in der durch Vergärung von vergärbaren Stoffen in wenigstens einem Fermenter der Biogasanlage (7) ein wenigstens Methan und Kohlendioxid enthaltendes Biogas erzeugbar ist, wobei von der Biogasanlage wenigstens eine Biogas-Zuführleitung zu der Methanisierungseinheit (4) geführt ist, mittels der eine definierte Menge des Biogases der Methanisierungseinheit (4) zuführbar ist, mit einer Vergasungseinrichtung (2), in der durch thermische Vergasung von vergasbaren Stoffen mittels eines Vergasungs- und/oder Oxidationsmittels in wenigstens einem Reaktor der Vergasungseinrichtung (2) ein wenigstens Kohlenmonoxid, Wasserstoff, Kohlendioxid und Methan enthaltendes Synthesegas erzeugbar ist, wobei von der Vergasungseinrichtung (2) wenigstens eine Synthesegas- Zuführleitung zu der Methanisierungseinheit (4) geführt ist, mittels der eine definierte Menge des Synthesegases der Methanisierungseinheit (4) zuführbar ist, und mit wenigstens einer zu einer Verwertungs- und/oder Speichereinrichtung, insbesondere zu einem Gasspeicher und/oder zu einem Gasnetz (18), geführten Biomethan-Zuführleitung, mittels der das in der Methanisierungseinheit (4) gebildete Biomethan der Verwertungs- und/oder Speichereinrichtung, insbesondere dem Gasspeicher und/oder dem Gasnetz (18), zuführbar ist. 16. Plant for producing biomethane, in particular for carrying out a method according to one of the preceding claims, with a methanation unit (4), in which carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen can be converted into methane and water, with an electrolysis device (14), in which water supplied to the electrolysis device can be split into hydrogen and oxygen by electric current, with the electrolysis device (14) at least one hydrogen supply line leads to the methanation unit (4), by means of which a defined amount of hydrogen produced by the electrolysis device (14) can be supplied to the methanation unit (4), with a biogas plant (7) in which fermentable substances are fermented A biogas containing at least methane and carbon dioxide can be produced at least in one fermenter of the biogas plant (7), with at least one biogas supply line being led from the biogas plant to the methanization unit (4), by means of which a defined amount of biogas can be fed to the methanation unit (4). , with a gasification device (2), in which a synthesis gas containing at least carbon monoxide, hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methane can be produced by thermal gasification of gasifiable substances using a gasification and / or oxidizing agent in at least one reactor of the gasification device (2), from which Gasification device (2) at least one synthesis gas supply line is led to the methanation unit (4), by means of which a defined amount of the synthesis gas can be fed to the methanation unit (4), and with at least one biomethane supply line led to a utilization and/or storage device, in particular to a gas storage and/or to a gas network (18), by means of which the biomethane formed in the methanation unit (4) is fed to the utilization and/or storage device, in particular the gas storage and / or the gas network (18) can be supplied.
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