WO2015110720A1 - Method and device for controlling the pre-selection of a gearbox ratio of a hybrid vehicle in order to limit the noise induced during a pure electric mode - Google Patents

Method and device for controlling the pre-selection of a gearbox ratio of a hybrid vehicle in order to limit the noise induced during a pure electric mode Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015110720A1
WO2015110720A1 PCT/FR2014/053211 FR2014053211W WO2015110720A1 WO 2015110720 A1 WO2015110720 A1 WO 2015110720A1 FR 2014053211 W FR2014053211 W FR 2014053211W WO 2015110720 A1 WO2015110720 A1 WO 2015110720A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
synchronizer
player
translate
vehicle
coupled
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2014/053211
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Olivier BALENGHIEN
Alexandre Deschamps
Original Assignee
Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa filed Critical Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa
Priority to EP14827802.1A priority Critical patent/EP3097327A1/en
Publication of WO2015110720A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015110720A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/26—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms
    • F16H61/28—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms with at least one movement of the final actuating mechanism being caused by a non-mechanical force, e.g. power-assisted
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2306/00—Other features of vehicle sub-units
    • B60Y2306/09—Reducing noise
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/26—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms
    • F16H61/28—Generation or transmission of movements for final actuating mechanisms with at least one movement of the final actuating mechanism being caused by a non-mechanical force, e.g. power-assisted
    • F16H2061/2823—Controlling actuator force way characteristic, i.e. controlling force or movement depending on the actuator position, e.g. for adapting force to synchronisation and engagement of gear clutch
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to vehicles with a hybrid powertrain, and more specifically the control of the preselection of a gearbox ratio driven in such vehicles.
  • Hybrid powertrain means here an assembly including in particular an electric machine and a heat engine (coupled to a controlled gearbox) intended to provide power to move a vehicle, separately or in combination.
  • a hybrid powertrain vehicle (or more simply a hybrid vehicle) can move either by means of its only engine when it is coupled to its gearbox, or by means of its only electric machine when its engine is stopped (this is the so-called “pure electric” mode or ZEV ("Zero Emission Vehicle”)), or still by means of its engine and its electric machine.
  • ZEV Zero Emission Vehicle
  • the calculator determines in real time the gear ratio that would be best suited if the engine had to be used immediately to move the vehicle, then triggers the preselection of this report so that it can be immediately used if necessary.
  • This report preselection relates to several elements of the gearbox, and in particular a player and a synchronizer.
  • the player is secured in rotation to a secondary shaft while being able to translate on the latter, and comprises at least one dog, adapted to be translated to be coupled to a idler gear mounted free rotation on the secondary shaft.
  • the synchronizer is adapted to be translated to be coupled to the idler gear.
  • Each preselection includes a coupling of the synchronizer to the idle gear to preselect, then a coupling of the dog to the same idler.
  • the general noise it induces is low or very low, and therefore the noise that is induced by the preselection operations becomes clearly audible in the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
  • the driver can then be annoyed by the preselection noise that occurs at times when the gearbox is not supposed to be used since his vehicle operates in the pure electric mode. In the presence of such noises, the driver may be concerned that his vehicle is not functioning properly, and therefore he may be tempted to take it back to his dealer for review, causing him unnecessary time and possibly loss of time. money.
  • the invention therefore aims to improve the situation.
  • a method for enabling the screening of the preselection in a hybrid powertrain vehicle (that is to say, electric machine and heat engine), a ratio of a gearbox comprising at least one walkman, secured in rotation to a secondary shaft while being able to translate on the latter, and comprising at least one dog, adapted to be translated to be coupled to a idler gear mounted free rotation on the secondary shaft, and at least one synchronizer adapted to be translated to be coupled to the idler gear.
  • a hybrid powertrain vehicle that is to say, electric machine and heat engine
  • This process comprises:
  • the method according to the invention may comprise other characteristics that can be taken separately or in combination, and in particular:
  • the first step may comprise a first substep in which a minimum predefined first effort is exerted on the player to translate the synchronizer at the first minimum speed until it comes into contact with the idle gear, and a second sub-step in which it exerts on the player a second minimum predefined effort to translate the synchronizer and cause a synchronization coupling of the latter to the idler gear;
  • the second threshold can be equal to about one second.
  • the invention also proposes a device for controlling the preselection, in a hybrid powertrain vehicle, of a ratio of a gearbox comprising at least one player, secured in rotation to a secondary shaft while being able to translate on the latter, and having at least one clutch, adapted to be translated to be coupled to a idler gear mounted free rotation on the secondary shaft, and at least one synchronizer adapted to be translated to be coupled to the idler.
  • This device is arranged, when only the electric machine is used to move the vehicle, to trigger the exercise on the player of at least a minimum predefined effort to translate the synchronizer to a first minimum speed to cause a synchronization coupling of the latter to the idle gear, then to trigger the exercise on the player of a force greater than a predefined first threshold and proper to constrain the dog to angularly shift the synchronizer, then to trigger the translation of the clutch to a second minimum speed of to cause a coupling of the latter to the idle gear.
  • the invention also proposes a calculator comprising a control device of the type of that presented above.
  • the invention also proposes a vehicle, possibly of automotive type, and comprising, on the one hand, an electric machine and a heat engine coupled to a gearbox comprising at least one sliding device, secured in rotation to a secondary shaft while being able to translate on the latter, and comprising at least one dog, adapted to be translated to be coupled to a idler gear mounted free rotation on the secondary shaft, and at least one synchronizer adapted to be translated to be coupled to the idler, and, on the other hand, a calculator of the type of that presented above.
  • the object of the invention is notably to propose a method, and an associated device, for controlling the preselection of a ratio of a gearbox driven in a hybrid powertrain vehicle placed in a pure electric mode ( or ZEV).
  • the vehicle is of automobile type. This is for example a car. But the invention is not limited to this type of vehicle. It concerns any vehicle comprising a hybrid powertrain and can be driven by a driver. Therefore, the invention relates in particular to land vehicles (cars, motorcycles, commercial vehicles, coaches (or buses), trucks, road vehicles, construction machinery, handling equipment, and trains), and maritime (or river) vehicles. ).
  • the hybrid powertrain of the vehicle comprises at least one electric machine and at least one heat engine that can operate separately or in combination under the supervision of a supervisor (or calculator).
  • the electric machine (or motor) is coupled to a reduction gear having a single gear reduction in charge of rotating the wheels of the vehicle, for example those which are located at the rear.
  • the heat engine is coupled to a controlled gearbox which is itself coupled to at least one transmission shaft responsible for driving in rotation wheels of the vehicle, for example those which are located at the front.
  • This engine comprises a crankshaft defining a motor shaft.
  • the controlled gearbox is coupled to a single clutch. Therefore, it includes only one primary shaft and at least one secondary shaft. But this geared gearbox could be dual-clutch (or DCT). This transmission is controlled either by the supervisor or computer controlling the hybrid powertrain, or by a supervisor or dedicated computer.
  • the primary shaft is designed to receive the engine torque (thermal) via the clutch. It includes driving gears that can be engaged simultaneously with corresponding idler gears of the secondary shaft with which they form pairs.
  • the secondary shaft is coupled to the drive shaft, usually via a differential. It comprises at least one player (and usually several) operated by a control fork. Each player is more specifically secured in rotation to a secondary shaft because of the existence of longitudinal grooves on the latter, while being able to translate on the latter in the longitudinal direction. Furthermore, each player comprises at least one synchronizer and at least one clutch coupled to this synchronizer by a mechanism allowing decoupling.
  • Each synchronizer is adapted to be translated in the longitudinal direction to be coupled to a idle gear mounted free rotation on its secondary shaft during a so-called synchronization phase.
  • Each dog is adapted to be translated in the longitudinal direction, after angularly shifting the associated synchronizer during a phase generally called “Devirage” to be coupled to the idler gear that has been synchronized by the synchronizer associated with it during a phase generally called “interconnection”.
  • the coupling of a synchronizer to a idler gear is intended to synchronize the speed of rotation of the latter to that of the secondary shaft which carries it, and that the coupling of a dog to the same idler gear is intended to temporarily temporarily rotate the latter to the secondary shaft which carries it.
  • each player can include at least:
  • a sleeve mounted in translation on the hub and defining the clutch
  • a synchronizing ring (or synchronizer) comprising a female conical part adapted to be coupled to a male conical part of a crazy gear, and
  • An arming mechanism installed between an inner face of the sleeve and an outer face of the hub, and for translating the synchronizing ring (or synchronizer) to couple to the idle gear when the sleeve / claw is translated.
  • the object of the invention is notably to propose a method for enabling the preselection of a gearbox gear ratio described above to be checked when its vehicle is placed in a pure electric mode (or ZEV).
  • Such a control method comprises first and second steps that can be implemented by a control device.
  • the latter may, for example, be part of the supervisor or computer that controls the hybrid powertrain or only the gearbox. But in an alternative embodiment, it could be in the form of equipment possibly coupled to the aforementioned supervisor or computer. Therefore, this control device can be realized in the form of software modules (or computer or "software”), or a combination of electronic circuits (or “hardware”) and software modules.
  • a first step (40) of the method according to the invention consists at least in exercising on the player (concerned by the preselection decided by the supervisor or calculator), when only the electric machine is used. to move the vehicle (and therefore when the latter is in the pure electric mode), at least a predetermined minimum effort to translate the associated synchronizer at a first minimum speed to cause a synchronization coupling of the latter to the idler gear.
  • This first minimum speed is chosen so that the shock of the synchronizer on the idler gear induces a noise that is almost inaudible in the passenger compartment of the vehicle when the latter is in the pure electric mode.
  • this induced noise corresponds to an acoustic power level of less than about 60 dBA.
  • each minimum effort is converted into a speed (minimum) of movement of the synchronizer which is used to define a control set of the range which moves the player comprising this synchronizer.
  • first step may be subdivided into two sub-steps.
  • a first sub-step (so-called synchronization approach) intended to translate longitudinally the synchronizer at the first minimum speed until it comes into contact with the idle gear, and a second substep (called synchronization) intended for gradually synchronize the rotational speed of the idler gear on the speed of rotation of the synchronizer.
  • first and second minimum forces are both intended to cause movements at minimal speeds capable of inducing a noise that is virtually inaudible in the passenger compartment of the vehicle when the latter is in the pure electric mode. Moreover, these first and second minimum forces may be different. For example, the second minimal effort may be slightly greater than the first minimal effort.
  • the first minimal effort is intended to translate the sleeve / dog to translate the cocking mechanism so that it translates slightly the synchronizing ring on the idler gear (without coupling) at the first minimum speed
  • the second minimal effort is intended to translate the sleeve / clutch to translate the timing ring on the idler gear to couple them closely to synchronize.
  • the minimum predefined effort and the first minimum speed can be determined by means of tests (or tests) carried out in a test laboratory or with a car (in the development phase) or in the factory for the gearbox considered.
  • the first minimum effort corresponds to a force that is slightly greater than the resistant force that the sleeve must overcome to translate the cocking mechanism so that it slightly translates the synchronizing ring on the idler at the first speed minimal (without causing their coupling).
  • the second minimum force corresponds to a force that is slightly greater than the resistant force that the sleeve must overcome to translate the synchronizing ring on the idler gear to cause their coupling for synchronization.
  • the synchronization coupling is caused for a duration which is less than a predefined (second) threshold.
  • this second threshold may be equal to about one second. But other second threshold values can be used according to the synchronizer technology.
  • a second step (50) of the method according to the invention consists at least in exerting on the player a force greater than a first predefined threshold. and capable of constraining the clutch to angularly shift the synchronizer (unwinding phase), then to translate the clutch to a second minimum speed so as to cause a coupling of the latter to the idler gear.
  • Exercising a force greater than the first threshold and then translating the clutch to the second minimum speed are triggered by the control device when the synchronization phase is completed.
  • the second minimum speed is chosen so that the clutch of the clutch on the idler gear induces a noise that is almost inaudible in the passenger compartment of the vehicle when the latter is in the pure electric mode.
  • this induced noise corresponds to an acoustic power level of less than about 60 dBA.
  • the second minimum speed can be possibly decreasing to the zero value when the player (and thus the clutch) reaches the bottom of the grid (but this requires a very good knowledge of the position of the bottom of the grid for the gearbox considered, as well as a control dispersions speed of movement and positions of the player (and thus the clutch).
  • the effort above the first threshold can be determined by means of tests (or tests) carried out in a test laboratory or in the factory for the gearbox considered.
  • the force greater than the first threshold corresponds to a force that is slightly greater than the resistant force that must be overcome to allow the unwinding.
  • this effort is converted into a (minimum) speed of movement of the synchronizer which is used to define a control setpoint of the range which moves the player comprising this synchronizer.
  • the second predefined minimum speed is preferably slightly greater than a value below which there is a risk of causing desynchronization.
  • the second minimum speed and the desynchronization speed can be determined by means of tests (or tests) carried out in a test laboratory or in the factory for the gearbox. considered.
  • the force greater than the first threshold is intended to translate the sleeve / clutch to angularly shift (or rotate) the synchronizing ring (or synchronizer) to allow an alignment of the splines of the idler gear in the middle of the splines of the sleeve (unwinding phase), and the translation of the sleeve / clutch to the second minimum speed is intended to mesh the grooves of the sleeve / clutch with corresponding jaw set on the idle gear.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a nonlimiting example of an algorithm implementing a control method according to the invention.
  • one (the computer or supervisor) performs a test to determine if the vehicle is in pure electric mode (or ZEV).
  • the computer or supervisor detects that the vehicle is not in pure electric mode, then it performs a step 20 in which it triggers the achievement of a conventional report selection (or a conventional report pre-selection in the case of a DCT gearbox), if necessary.
  • a conventional report selection or a conventional report pre-selection in the case of a DCT gearbox
  • (pre) conventional selection a (pre) selection in which the forces exerted on the synchronizer and on the clutch and the movement speeds of the synchronizer and dog are all higher than those used in a mode called “to reduced noise "adapted to the operation in pure electric mode, and therefore are predefined without taking into account the noise they induce.
  • the objective is indeed to (pre) select a report as soon as possible.
  • the computer or supervisor detects that the vehicle is in the pure electric mode, then it carries out a step 30 in which it determines the ratio, to be preselected in the reduced noise mode, which would be the best adapted if it were necessary. immediately use the heat engine to move the vehicle. Then, it informs the control device that it has just determined a report to preselect.
  • the control device performs the first step of the control method described above. Therefore, it triggers the exercise on the player (associated with the report to preselect) of at least a predetermined minimum effort to translate the synchronizer at a first minimum speed to cause a synchronization coupling of the latter to the idle gear corresponding to the report to preselect.
  • the control device performs the second step of the control method described above. Consequently, it triggers the exercise on the player (associated with the report to be preselected) of a force greater than a first predetermined threshold and suitable for constraining the dog to angularly shift the synchronizer, then it triggers the translation of this dog to a second minimum speed so as to cause its coupling to the idle gear corresponding to the report to preselect.
  • the invention offers several advantages, among which:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)
  • Structure Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for controlling the pre-selection, in a hybrid vehicle, of a gearbox ratio comprising a sliding gear, rotatably secured to an output shaft while being capable of translating, and including a dog clutch and a synchroniser capable of being coupled with an idle pinion mounted freely rotatable on the output shaft. Said method comprises a first step (40) in which at least one predefined minimum force is exerted on the sliding gear, when in purely electric mode, so as to translate the synchroniser at a first minimum speed in order to cause synchronisation coupling of the synchroniser with the idle pinion, and a second step (50) in which a force greater than a first predefined threshold and capable of urging the dog clutch to shift the synchroniser at an angle is exerted on the sliding gear, and then the dog clutch is translated at a second minimum speed so as to cause same to couple with the idle pinion.

Description

PROCÉDÉ ET DISPOSITIF DE CONTRÔLE DE LA PRÉSÉLECTION D'UN RAPPORT DE BOÎTE DE VITESSES D'UN VÉHICULE HYBRIDE, POUR LIMITER LE BRUIT INDUIT PENDANT UN MODE ÉLECTRIQUE PUR  METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CHECKING THE PRESET OF HYBRID VEHICLE GEARBOX RATIO FOR LIMITING INDUCED NOISE DURING PURE ELECTRICAL MODE
L'invention concerne les véhicules à groupe motopropulseur hybride, et plus précisément le contrôle de la présélection d'un rapport de boîte de vitesses pilotée dans de tels véhicules. The invention relates to vehicles with a hybrid powertrain, and more specifically the control of the preselection of a gearbox ratio driven in such vehicles.
On entend ici par groupe motopropulseur hybride un ensemble comprenant notamment une machine électrique et un moteur thermique (couplé à une boîte de vitesses pilotée) destinés à fournir de la puissance pour déplacer un véhicule, séparément ou en combinaison.  Hybrid powertrain means here an assembly including in particular an electric machine and a heat engine (coupled to a controlled gearbox) intended to provide power to move a vehicle, separately or in combination.
Comme le sait l'homme de l'art, un véhicule à groupe motopropulseur hybride (ou plus simplement un véhicule hybride) peut se mouvoir soit au moyen de son seul moteur thermique lorsque ce dernier est couplé à sa boîte de vitesses, soit au moyen de sa seule machine électrique lorsque son moteur thermique est à l'arrêt (c'est le mode dit « électrique pur » ou ZEV (« Zéro Emission Véhicule »)), soit encore au moyen de son moteur thermique et de sa machine électrique.  As known to those skilled in the art, a hybrid powertrain vehicle (or more simply a hybrid vehicle) can move either by means of its only engine when it is coupled to its gearbox, or by means of its only electric machine when its engine is stopped (this is the so-called "pure electric" mode or ZEV ("Zero Emission Vehicle")), or still by means of its engine and its electric machine.
Lorsque le véhicule dispose d'une boîte de vitesses pilotée (c'est-à- dire lorsque ses changements de rapport peuvent être décidés par un calculateur), et qu'il est placé dans le mode électrique pur (ou ZEV), le calculateur précité détermine en temps réel le rapport de boîte de vitesses qui serait le mieux adapté s'il fallait immédiatement utiliser le moteur thermique pour déplacer le véhicule, puis déclenche la présélection de ce rapport pour qu'il puisse être immédiatement utilisé en cas de besoin.  When the vehicle has a controlled gearbox (that is to say when its gear changes can be decided by a computer), and it is placed in the pure electric mode (or ZEV), the calculator The aforementioned determines in real time the gear ratio that would be best suited if the engine had to be used immediately to move the vehicle, then triggers the preselection of this report so that it can be immediately used if necessary.
Cette présélection de rapport concerne plusieurs éléments de la boîte de vitesses, et en particulier un baladeur et un synchroniseur. Le baladeur est solidarisé en rotation à un arbre secondaire tout en pouvant se translater sur ce dernier, et comporte au moins un crabot, propre à être translaté pour être couplé à un pignon fou monté à rotation libre sur l'arbre secondaire. Le synchroniseur est propre à être translaté pour être couplé au pignon fou. Chaque présélection comprend un couplage du synchroniseur au pignon fou à présélectionner, puis un couplage du crabot à ce même pignon fou. This report preselection relates to several elements of the gearbox, and in particular a player and a synchronizer. The player is secured in rotation to a secondary shaft while being able to translate on the latter, and comprises at least one dog, adapted to be translated to be coupled to a idler gear mounted free rotation on the secondary shaft. The synchronizer is adapted to be translated to be coupled to the idler gear. Each preselection includes a coupling of the synchronizer to the idle gear to preselect, then a coupling of the dog to the same idler.
Lorsque le véhicule est placé dans le mode électrique pur, le bruit général qu'il induit est faible, voire très faible, et donc le bruit qui est induit par les opérations de présélection devient nettement audible dans l'habitacle du véhicule. Le conducteur peut alors être surpris par ce bruit de présélection qui survient à des instants où la boîte de vitesses n'est pas censée être utilisée puisque son véhicule fonctionne dans le mode électrique pur. En présence de tels bruits, le conducteur peut craindre que son véhicule ne fonctionne pas correctement, et donc il peut être tenté de le rapporter chez son concessionnaire afin qu'il soit examiné, ce qui lui fait perdre inutilement du temps et éventuellement de l'argent.  When the vehicle is placed in the pure electric mode, the general noise it induces is low or very low, and therefore the noise that is induced by the preselection operations becomes clearly audible in the passenger compartment of the vehicle. The driver can then be surprised by the preselection noise that occurs at times when the gearbox is not supposed to be used since his vehicle operates in the pure electric mode. In the presence of such noises, the driver may be concerned that his vehicle is not functioning properly, and therefore he may be tempted to take it back to his dealer for review, causing him unnecessary time and possibly loss of time. money.
Pour éviter que les bruits de présélection perturbent le conducteur, il est possible d'ajouter une couche de matériau insonorisant sous le capot du véhicule, mais cela augmente non seulement le coût de fabrication de ce véhicule mais également le poids de ce dernier, et donc sa consommation d'énergie.  To prevent the preselection noise disturb the driver, it is possible to add a layer of sound-absorbing material under the hood of the vehicle, but this increases not only the cost of manufacturing this vehicle but also the weight of the latter, and therefore its energy consumption.
L'invention a donc pour but d'améliorer la situation.  The invention therefore aims to improve the situation.
Elle propose notamment à cet effet un procédé destiné à permettre le contrôle de la présélection, dans un véhicule à groupe motopropulseur hybride (c'est-à-dire à machine électrique et moteur thermique), d'un rapport d'une boîte de vitesses comprenant au moins un baladeur, solidarisé en rotation à un arbre secondaire tout en pouvant se translater sur ce dernier, et comportant au moins un crabot, propre à être translaté pour être couplé à un pignon fou monté à rotation libre sur l'arbre secondaire, et au moins un synchroniseur propre à être translaté pour être couplé au pignon fou.  It proposes for this purpose a method for enabling the screening of the preselection, in a hybrid powertrain vehicle (that is to say, electric machine and heat engine), a ratio of a gearbox comprising at least one walkman, secured in rotation to a secondary shaft while being able to translate on the latter, and comprising at least one dog, adapted to be translated to be coupled to a idler gear mounted free rotation on the secondary shaft, and at least one synchronizer adapted to be translated to be coupled to the idler gear.
Ce procédé comprend :  This process comprises:
- une première étape dans laquelle on exerce sur le baladeur, lorsque seule la machine électrique est utilisée pour mouvoir le véhicule, au moins un effort minimal prédéfini afin de translater le synchroniseur à une première vitesse minimale pour provoquer un couplage de synchronisation de ce dernier au pignon fou, et - une seconde étape dans laquelle on exerce sur le baladeur un effort supérieur à un premier seuil prédéfini et propre à contraindre le crabot à décaler angulairement le synchroniseur, puis on translate le crabot à une seconde vitesse minimale de manière à provoquer un couplage de ce dernier au pignon fou. - A first step in which is exerted on the player, when only the electric machine is used to move the vehicle, at least a minimum predefined effort to translate the synchronizer at a first minimum speed to cause a synchronization coupling of the latter to crazy gear, and - A second step in which it exerts on the player a force greater than a first predetermined threshold and adapted to constrain the clutch to angularly shift the synchronizer, then we translate the clutch to a second minimum speed so as to cause a coupling of the latter in the crazy gear.
En réduisant les vitesses de translation du synchroniseur et du crabot à des valeurs minimales on évite de provoquer des chocs induisant des bruits, ce qui rend quasiment inaudibles les opérations de présélection de rapport qui sont réalisées lorsque le véhicule fonctionne dans le mode électrique pur.  By reducing the translation speeds of the synchronizer and the clutch to minimum values, it is avoided to cause noise-inducing shocks, which makes the preselection of gear that is performed when the vehicle operates in the pure electric mode virtually inaudible.
Le procédé selon l'invention peut comporter d'autres caractéristiques qui peuvent être prises séparément ou en combinaison, et notamment :  The method according to the invention may comprise other characteristics that can be taken separately or in combination, and in particular:
- la première étape peut comprendre une première sous-étape dans laquelle on exerce sur le baladeur un premier effort minimal prédéfini afin de translater le synchroniseur à la première vitesse minimale jusqu'à ce qu'il vienne au contact du pignon fou, et une seconde sous-étape dans laquelle on exerce sur le baladeur un second effort minimal prédéfini afin de translater le synchroniseur et provoquer un couplage de synchronisation de ce dernier au pignon fou ;  the first step may comprise a first substep in which a minimum predefined first effort is exerted on the player to translate the synchronizer at the first minimum speed until it comes into contact with the idle gear, and a second sub-step in which it exerts on the player a second minimum predefined effort to translate the synchronizer and cause a synchronization coupling of the latter to the idler gear;
dans la seconde sous-étape on peut provoquer le couplage de synchronisation pendant une durée qui est inférieure à un second seuil prédéfini ;  in the second sub-step synchronization coupling can be caused for a duration which is less than a second predefined threshold;
• le second seuil peut être égal à environ une seconde.  • the second threshold can be equal to about one second.
L'invention propose également un dispositif de contrôle de la présélection, dans un véhicule à groupe motopropulseur hybride, d'un rapport d'une boîte de vitesses comprenant au moins un baladeur, solidarisé en rotation à un arbre secondaire tout en pouvant se translater sur ce dernier, et comportant au moins un crabot, propre à être translaté pour être couplé à un pignon fou monté à rotation libre sur l'arbre secondaire, et au moins un synchroniseur propre à être translaté pour être couplé au pignon fou.  The invention also proposes a device for controlling the preselection, in a hybrid powertrain vehicle, of a ratio of a gearbox comprising at least one player, secured in rotation to a secondary shaft while being able to translate on the latter, and having at least one clutch, adapted to be translated to be coupled to a idler gear mounted free rotation on the secondary shaft, and at least one synchronizer adapted to be translated to be coupled to the idler.
Ce dispositif est agencé, lorsque seule la machine électrique est utilisée pour mouvoir le véhicule, pour déclencher l'exercice sur le baladeur d'au moins un effort minimal prédéfini afin de translater le synchroniseur à une première vitesse minimale pour provoquer un couplage de synchronisation de ce dernier au pignon fou, puis pour déclencher l'exercice sur le baladeur d'un effort supérieur à un premier seuil prédéfini et propre à contraindre le crabot à décaler angulairement le synchroniseur, puis pour déclencher la translation du crabot à une seconde vitesse minimale de manière à provoquer un couplage de ce dernier au pignon fou. This device is arranged, when only the electric machine is used to move the vehicle, to trigger the exercise on the player of at least a minimum predefined effort to translate the synchronizer to a first minimum speed to cause a synchronization coupling of the latter to the idle gear, then to trigger the exercise on the player of a force greater than a predefined first threshold and proper to constrain the dog to angularly shift the synchronizer, then to trigger the translation of the clutch to a second minimum speed of to cause a coupling of the latter to the idle gear.
L'invention propose également un calculateur comprenant un dispositif de contrôle du type de celui présenté ci-avant.  The invention also proposes a calculator comprising a control device of the type of that presented above.
L'invention propose également un véhicule, éventuellement de type automobile, et comprenant, d'une part, une machine électrique et un moteur thermique couplé à une boîte de vitesses comprenant au moins un baladeur, solidarisé en rotation à un arbre secondaire tout en pouvant se translater sur ce dernier, et comportant au moins un crabot, propre à être translaté pour être couplé à un pignon fou monté à rotation libre sur l'arbre secondaire, et au moins un synchroniseur propre à être translaté pour être couplé au pignon fou, et, d'autre part, un calculateur du type de celui présenté ci-avant.  The invention also proposes a vehicle, possibly of automotive type, and comprising, on the one hand, an electric machine and a heat engine coupled to a gearbox comprising at least one sliding device, secured in rotation to a secondary shaft while being able to translate on the latter, and comprising at least one dog, adapted to be translated to be coupled to a idler gear mounted free rotation on the secondary shaft, and at least one synchronizer adapted to be translated to be coupled to the idler, and, on the other hand, a calculator of the type of that presented above.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à l'examen de la description détaillée ci-après, et du dessin annexé, sur lequel l'unique figure illustre schématiquement un exemple d'algorithme mettant en œuvre un procédé de contrôle selon l'invention.  Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on examining the detailed description below, and the attached drawing, in which the single figure schematically illustrates an example of an algorithm implementing a control method according to the invention. 'invention.
L'invention a notamment pour but de proposer un procédé, et un dispositif associé, destinés à permettre le contrôle de la présélection d'un rapport d'une boîte de vitesses pilotée dans un véhicule à groupe motopropulseur hybride placé dans un mode électrique pur (ou ZEV).  The object of the invention is notably to propose a method, and an associated device, for controlling the preselection of a ratio of a gearbox driven in a hybrid powertrain vehicle placed in a pure electric mode ( or ZEV).
On considère dans ce qui suit, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, que le véhicule est de type automobile. Il s'agit par exemple d'une voiture. Mais l'invention n'est pas limitée à ce type de véhicule. Elle concerne en effet tout véhicule comprenant un groupe motopropulseur hybride et pouvant être conduit par un conducteur. Par conséquent, l'invention concerne notamment les véhicules terrestres (voitures, motocyclettes, véhicules utilitaires, cars (ou bus), camions, engins de voirie, engins de chantier, engins de manutention, et trains), et les véhicules maritimes (ou fluviaux).  In what follows, by way of non-limiting example, the vehicle is of automobile type. This is for example a car. But the invention is not limited to this type of vehicle. It concerns any vehicle comprising a hybrid powertrain and can be driven by a driver. Therefore, the invention relates in particular to land vehicles (cars, motorcycles, commercial vehicles, coaches (or buses), trucks, road vehicles, construction machinery, handling equipment, and trains), and maritime (or river) vehicles. ).
Le groupe motopropulseur hybride du véhicule comprend au moins une machine électrique et au moins un moteur thermique pouvant fonctionner séparément ou en combinaison sous le contrôle d'un superviseur (ou calculateur). The hybrid powertrain of the vehicle comprises at least one electric machine and at least one heat engine that can operate separately or in combination under the supervision of a supervisor (or calculator).
La machine (ou moteur) électrique est couplée à un réducteur comportant une seule démultiplication chargée d'entraîner en rotation des roues du véhicule, par exemple celles qui sont situées à l'arrière.  The electric machine (or motor) is coupled to a reduction gear having a single gear reduction in charge of rotating the wheels of the vehicle, for example those which are located at the rear.
Le moteur thermique est couplé à une boîte de vitesses pilotée qui est elle-même couplée à au moins un arbre de transmission chargé d'entraîner en rotation des roues du véhicule, par exemple celles qui sont situées à l'avant. Ce moteur thermique comprend un vilebrequin définissant un arbre moteur.  The heat engine is coupled to a controlled gearbox which is itself coupled to at least one transmission shaft responsible for driving in rotation wheels of the vehicle, for example those which are located at the front. This engine comprises a crankshaft defining a motor shaft.
On considère dans ce qui suit, à titre d'exemple non limitatif, que la boîte de vitesses pilotée est couplée à un embrayage simple. Par conséquent, elle ne comprend qu'un arbre primaire et au moins un arbre secondaire. Mais cette boîte de vitesses pilotée pourrait être à double embrayage (ou DCT). Le pilotage de cette boîte de vitesses est assuré soit par le superviseur ou calculateur qui contrôle le groupe motopropulseur hybride, soit par un superviseur ou calculateur dédié.  In what follows, by way of non-limiting example, the controlled gearbox is coupled to a single clutch. Therefore, it includes only one primary shaft and at least one secondary shaft. But this geared gearbox could be dual-clutch (or DCT). This transmission is controlled either by the supervisor or computer controlling the hybrid powertrain, or by a supervisor or dedicated computer.
L'arbre primaire est destiné à recevoir le couple moteur (thermique) via l'embrayage. Il comprend des pignons menants qui peuvent être engagés simultanément avec des pignons fous récepteurs correspondant de l'arbre secondaire avec lesquels ils forment des paires.  The primary shaft is designed to receive the engine torque (thermal) via the clutch. It includes driving gears that can be engaged simultaneously with corresponding idler gears of the secondary shaft with which they form pairs.
L'arbre secondaire est couplé à l'arbre de transmission, généralement via un différentiel. Il comprend au moins un baladeur (et généralement plusieurs) actionné par une fourchette de commande. Chaque baladeur est plus précisément solidarisé en rotation à un arbre secondaire du fait de l'existence de cannelures longitudinales sur ce dernier, tout en pouvant se translater sur ce dernier suivant la direction longitudinale. Par ailleurs, chaque baladeur comprend au moins un synchroniseur et au moins un crabot couplé à ce synchroniseur par un mécanisme autorisant le découplage.  The secondary shaft is coupled to the drive shaft, usually via a differential. It comprises at least one player (and usually several) operated by a control fork. Each player is more specifically secured in rotation to a secondary shaft because of the existence of longitudinal grooves on the latter, while being able to translate on the latter in the longitudinal direction. Furthermore, each player comprises at least one synchronizer and at least one clutch coupled to this synchronizer by a mechanism allowing decoupling.
Chaque synchroniseur est propre à être translaté suivant la direction longitudinale pour être couplé à un pignon fou monté à rotation libre sur son arbre secondaire, lors d'une phase dite de synchronisation. Chaque crabot est propre à être translaté suivant la direction longitudinale, après avoir décalé angulairement le synchroniseur associé lors d'une phase généralement dite de « dévirage », afin d'être couplé au pignon fou qui a été synchronisé par le synchroniseur qui lui est associé lors d'une phase généralement dite de « crabotage ». On comprendra que le couplage d'un synchroniseur à un pignon fou est destiné à synchroniser la vitesse de rotation de ce dernier sur celle de l'arbre secondaire qui le porte, et que le couplage d'un crabot à ce même pignon fou est destiné à solidariser temporairement en rotation ce dernier à l'arbre secondaire qui le porte. Each synchronizer is adapted to be translated in the longitudinal direction to be coupled to a idle gear mounted free rotation on its secondary shaft during a so-called synchronization phase. Each dog is adapted to be translated in the longitudinal direction, after angularly shifting the associated synchronizer during a phase generally called "Devirage" to be coupled to the idler gear that has been synchronized by the synchronizer associated with it during a phase generally called "interconnection". It will be understood that the coupling of a synchronizer to a idler gear is intended to synchronize the speed of rotation of the latter to that of the secondary shaft which carries it, and that the coupling of a dog to the same idler gear is intended to temporarily temporarily rotate the latter to the secondary shaft which carries it.
Par exemple, chaque baladeur peut comprendre au moins :  For example, each player can include at least:
- un moyeu solidarisé en rotation à l'arbre secondaire grâce aux cannelures, - A hub secured in rotation to the secondary shaft through the splines,
- un manchon monté en translation sur le moyeu et définissant le crabot,a sleeve mounted in translation on the hub and defining the clutch,
- une bague de synchronisation (ou synchroniseur) comprenant une partie conique femelle propre à être couplée à une partie conique mâle d'un pignon fou, et a synchronizing ring (or synchronizer) comprising a female conical part adapted to be coupled to a male conical part of a crazy gear, and
- un mécanisme d'armement installé entre une face interne du manchon et une face externe du moyeu, et destiné à translater la bague de synchronisation (ou synchroniseur) pour la coupler au pignon fou lorsque le manchon/crabot est translaté.  - An arming mechanism installed between an inner face of the sleeve and an outer face of the hub, and for translating the synchronizing ring (or synchronizer) to couple to the idle gear when the sleeve / claw is translated.
Comme indiqué précédemment, l'invention a notamment pour but de proposer un procédé destiné à permettre le contrôle de la présélection d'un rapport de la boîte de vitesses pilotée décrite ci-avant, lorsque son véhicule est placé dans un mode électrique pur (ou ZEV).  As indicated above, the object of the invention is notably to propose a method for enabling the preselection of a gearbox gear ratio described above to be checked when its vehicle is placed in a pure electric mode (or ZEV).
Un tel procédé de contrôle comprend des première et seconde étapes qui peuvent être mises en œuvre par un dispositif de contrôle. Ce dernier peut, par exemple, faire partie du superviseur ou calculateur qui contrôle le groupe motopropulseur hybride ou seulement la boîte de vitesses. Mais dans une variante de réalisation, il pourrait se présenter sous la forme d'un équipement éventuellement couplé au superviseur ou calculateur précité. Par conséquent, ce dispositif de contrôle peut être réalisé sous la forme de modules logiciels (ou informatiques ou encore « software »), ou bien d'une combinaison de circuits électroniques (ou « hardware ») et de modules logiciels.  Such a control method comprises first and second steps that can be implemented by a control device. The latter may, for example, be part of the supervisor or computer that controls the hybrid powertrain or only the gearbox. But in an alternative embodiment, it could be in the form of equipment possibly coupled to the aforementioned supervisor or computer. Therefore, this control device can be realized in the form of software modules (or computer or "software"), or a combination of electronic circuits (or "hardware") and software modules.
Une première étape (40), du procédé selon l'invention, consiste au moins à exercer sur le baladeur (concerné par la présélection décidée par le superviseur ou calculateur), lorsque seule la machine électrique est utilisée pour déplacer le véhicule (et donc lorsque ce dernier est dans le mode électrique pur), au moins un effort minimal prédéfini afin de translater le synchroniseur associé à une première vitesse minimale pour provoquer un couplage de synchronisation de ce dernier au pignon fou. A first step (40) of the method according to the invention consists at least in exercising on the player (concerned by the preselection decided by the supervisor or calculator), when only the electric machine is used. to move the vehicle (and therefore when the latter is in the pure electric mode), at least a predetermined minimum effort to translate the associated synchronizer at a first minimum speed to cause a synchronization coupling of the latter to the idler gear.
On comprendra que cet exercice d'un effort minimal sur le baladeur est déclenché par le dispositif de contrôle lorsque le superviseur ou calculateur vient de décider d'une présélection d'un rapport et que le véhicule est dans le mode électrique pur.  It will be understood that this exercise of minimal effort on the player is triggered by the control device when the supervisor or computer has decided to pre-select a report and the vehicle is in the pure electric mode.
Cette première vitesse minimale est choisie de sorte que le choc du synchroniseur sur le pignon fou induise un bruit qui est quasiment inaudible dans l'habitacle du véhicule lorsque ce dernier est dans le mode électrique pur. Typiquement, ce bruit induit correspond à un niveau de puissance acoustique inférieur à environ 60 dBA.  This first minimum speed is chosen so that the shock of the synchronizer on the idler gear induces a noise that is almost inaudible in the passenger compartment of the vehicle when the latter is in the pure electric mode. Typically, this induced noise corresponds to an acoustic power level of less than about 60 dBA.
On notera que chaque effort minimal est converti en une vitesse (minimale) de déplacement du synchroniseur qui est utilisée pour définir une consigne de pilotage de la fourchette qui déplace le baladeur comprenant ce synchroniseur.  Note that each minimum effort is converted into a speed (minimum) of movement of the synchronizer which is used to define a control set of the range which moves the player comprising this synchronizer.
On notera également que la première étape peut être éventuellement subdivisée en deux sous-étapes. Une première sous-étape (dite d'approche synchronisation) destinée à translater longitudinalement le synchroniseur à la première vitesse minimale jusqu'à ce qu'il vienne au contact du pignon fou, et une seconde sous-étape (dite de synchronisation) destinée à synchroniser progressivement la vitesse de rotation du pignon fou sur la vitesse de rotation du synchroniseur.  It will also be noted that the first step may be subdivided into two sub-steps. A first sub-step (so-called synchronization approach) intended to translate longitudinally the synchronizer at the first minimum speed until it comes into contact with the idle gear, and a second substep (called synchronization) intended for gradually synchronize the rotational speed of the idler gear on the speed of rotation of the synchronizer.
Lorsque l'on utilise cette option à deux sous-étapes, on peut exercer sur le baladeur (concerné par la présélection décidée par le superviseur ou calculateur) un premier effort minimal prédéfini dans la première sous-étape, puis un second effort minimal prédéfini dans la seconde sous-étape.  When this option is used in two sub-steps, it is possible to exert on the player (concerned by the preselection decided by the supervisor or calculator) a first minimal effort predefined in the first substep, then a second minimal effort predefined in the second sub-step.
Ces premier et second efforts minimaux sont tous les deux destinés à provoquer des déplacements à des vitesses minimales propres à induire un bruit qui est quasiment inaudible dans l'habitacle du véhicule lorsque ce dernier est dans le mode électrique pur. Par ailleurs, ces premier et second efforts minimaux peuvent être éventuellement différents. Par exemple, le second effort minimal peut être légèrement supérieur au premier effort minimal. These first and second minimum forces are both intended to cause movements at minimal speeds capable of inducing a noise that is virtually inaudible in the passenger compartment of the vehicle when the latter is in the pure electric mode. Moreover, these first and second minimum forces may be different. For example, the second minimal effort may be slightly greater than the first minimal effort.
Lorsque le baladeur est agencé comme décrit précédemment (à titre d'exemple non limitatif), le premier effort minimal est destiné à translater le manchon/crabot pour qu'il translate le mécanisme d'armement afin qu'il translate légèrement la bague de synchronisation sur le pignon fou (sans les coupler) à la première vitesse minimale, et le second effort minimal est destiné à translater le manchon/crabot pour qu'il translate la bague de synchronisation sur le pignon fou afin de les coupler étroitement pour les synchroniser. Lorsque la phase de synchronisation est terminée, il n'y a plus de couple résistant entre la bague de synchronisation (ou synchroniseur) et le manchon/crabot.  When the player is arranged as described above (by way of non-limiting example), the first minimal effort is intended to translate the sleeve / dog to translate the cocking mechanism so that it translates slightly the synchronizing ring on the idler gear (without coupling) at the first minimum speed, and the second minimal effort is intended to translate the sleeve / clutch to translate the timing ring on the idler gear to couple them closely to synchronize. When the synchronization phase is over, there is no more resisting torque between the synchronizing ring (or synchronizer) and the sleeve / clutch.
L'effort minimal prédéfini et la première vitesse minimale peuvent être déterminés au moyen de tests (ou essais) effectués dans un laboratoire de test ou avec une voiture (en phase de développement) ou encore en usine pour la boîte de vitesses considérée.  The minimum predefined effort and the first minimum speed can be determined by means of tests (or tests) carried out in a test laboratory or with a car (in the development phase) or in the factory for the gearbox considered.
Par exemple, le premier effort minimal correspond à un effort qui est légèrement supérieur à l'effort résistant que le manchon doit vaincre pour translater le mécanisme d'armement afin qu'il translate légèrement la bague de synchronisation sur le pignon fou à la première vitesse minimale (sans provoquer leur couplage). Le second effort minimal correspond à un effort qui est légèrement supérieur à l'effort résistant que le manchon doit vaincre pour translater la bague de synchronisation sur le pignon fou afin de provoquer leur couplage en vue de leur synchronisation.  For example, the first minimum effort corresponds to a force that is slightly greater than the resistant force that the sleeve must overcome to translate the cocking mechanism so that it slightly translates the synchronizing ring on the idler at the first speed minimal (without causing their coupling). The second minimum force corresponds to a force that is slightly greater than the resistant force that the sleeve must overcome to translate the synchronizing ring on the idler gear to cause their coupling for synchronization.
De préférence, dans la première étape (40), et plus précisément dans la seconde sous-étape lorsqu'elle est prévue, on provoque le couplage de synchronisation pendant une durée qui est inférieure à un (second) seuil prédéfini.  Preferably, in the first step (40), and more precisely in the second substep when it is provided, the synchronization coupling is caused for a duration which is less than a predefined (second) threshold.
Par exemple, ce second seuil peut être égal à environ une seconde. Mais d'autres valeurs de second seuil peuvent être utilisées selon la technologie du synchroniseur.  For example, this second threshold may be equal to about one second. But other second threshold values can be used according to the synchronizer technology.
Une seconde étape (50), du procédé selon l'invention, consiste au moins à exercer sur le baladeur un effort supérieur à un premier seuil prédéfini et propre à contraindre le crabot à décaler angulairement le synchroniseur (phase de dévirage), puis à translater le crabot à une seconde vitesse minimale de manière à provoquer un couplage de ce dernier au pignon fou. A second step (50) of the method according to the invention consists at least in exerting on the player a force greater than a first predefined threshold. and capable of constraining the clutch to angularly shift the synchronizer (unwinding phase), then to translate the clutch to a second minimum speed so as to cause a coupling of the latter to the idler gear.
L'exercice d'un effort supérieur au premier seuil puis la translation du crabot à la seconde vitesse minimale sont déclenchés par le dispositif de contrôle lorsque la phase de synchronisation est terminée.  Exercising a force greater than the first threshold and then translating the clutch to the second minimum speed are triggered by the control device when the synchronization phase is completed.
On notera que si la seconde vitesse est trop importante lors de l'arrivée du baladeur (et donc du crabot) en fond de grille, le baladeur est stoppé net, ce qui produit un bruit de choc. Par conséquent, la seconde vitesse minimale est choisie de sorte que le choc du crabot sur le pignon fou induise un bruit qui est quasiment inaudible dans l'habitacle du véhicule lorsque ce dernier est dans le mode électrique pur. Typiquement, ce bruit induit correspond à un niveau de puissance acoustique inférieur à environ 60 dBA.  Note that if the second speed is too important when the player (and therefore the clutch) at the bottom of the grid, the player is stopped net, which produces a shock. Therefore, the second minimum speed is chosen so that the clutch of the clutch on the idler gear induces a noise that is almost inaudible in the passenger compartment of the vehicle when the latter is in the pure electric mode. Typically, this induced noise corresponds to an acoustic power level of less than about 60 dBA.
Pour optimiser la réduction de bruit, la seconde vitesse minimale peut être éventuellement décroissante jusqu'à la valeur nulle lorsque le baladeur (et donc le crabot) parvient en fond de grille (mais cela nécessite une très bonne connaissance de la position du fond de grille pour la boîte de vitesses considérée, ainsi qu'une maîtrise des dispersions de vitesse de déplacement et des positions du baladeur (et donc du crabot).  To optimize the noise reduction, the second minimum speed can be possibly decreasing to the zero value when the player (and thus the clutch) reaches the bottom of the grid (but this requires a very good knowledge of the position of the bottom of the grid for the gearbox considered, as well as a control dispersions speed of movement and positions of the player (and thus the clutch).
L'effort supérieur au premier seuil peut être déterminé au moyen de tests (ou essais) effectués dans un laboratoire de test ou en usine pour la boîte de vitesses considérée.  The effort above the first threshold can be determined by means of tests (or tests) carried out in a test laboratory or in the factory for the gearbox considered.
Par exemple, l'effort supérieur au premier seuil correspond à un effort qui est légèrement supérieur à l'effort résistant qu'il faut vaincre pour permettre le dévirage.  For example, the force greater than the first threshold corresponds to a force that is slightly greater than the resistant force that must be overcome to allow the unwinding.
On notera que cet effort est converti en une vitesse (minimale) de déplacement du synchroniseur qui est utilisée pour définir une consigne de pilotage de la fourchette qui déplace le baladeur comprenant ce synchroniseur.  It will be noted that this effort is converted into a (minimum) speed of movement of the synchronizer which is used to define a control setpoint of the range which moves the player comprising this synchronizer.
La seconde vitesse minimale prédéfinie est de préférence légèrement supérieure à une valeur en deçà de laquelle on risque de provoquer une désynchronisation. La seconde vitesse minimale et la vitesse de désynchronisation peuvent être déterminées au moyen de tests (ou essais) effectués dans un laboratoire de test ou en usine pour la boîte de vitesses considérée. The second predefined minimum speed is preferably slightly greater than a value below which there is a risk of causing desynchronization. The second minimum speed and the desynchronization speed can be determined by means of tests (or tests) carried out in a test laboratory or in the factory for the gearbox. considered.
Lorsque le baladeur est agencé comme décrit précédemment (à titre d'exemple non limitatif), l'effort supérieur au premier seuil est destiné à translater le manchon/crabot pour qu'il décale angulairement (ou fasse tourner) la bague de synchronisation (ou synchroniseur) afin de permettre un alignement des cannelures du pignon fou au milieu des cannelures du manchon (phase de dévirage), et la translation du manchon/crabot à la seconde vitesse minimale est destinée à engrener les cannelures du manchon/crabot avec des crabots correspondants définis sur le pignon fou.  When the player is arranged as described above (as a non-limiting example), the force greater than the first threshold is intended to translate the sleeve / clutch to angularly shift (or rotate) the synchronizing ring (or synchronizer) to allow an alignment of the splines of the idler gear in the middle of the splines of the sleeve (unwinding phase), and the translation of the sleeve / clutch to the second minimum speed is intended to mesh the grooves of the sleeve / clutch with corresponding jaw set on the idle gear.
On a schématiquement illustré sur l'unique figure un exemple non limitatif d'algorithme mettant en œuvre un procédé de contrôle selon l'invention.  FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a nonlimiting example of an algorithm implementing a control method according to the invention.
Dans une étape 10, on (le calculateur ou superviseur) effectue un test pour déterminer si le véhicule est dans le mode électrique pur (ou ZEV).  In a step 10, one (the computer or supervisor) performs a test to determine if the vehicle is in pure electric mode (or ZEV).
Si le calculateur ou superviseur détecte que le véhicule n'est pas dans le mode électrique pur, alors il effectue une étape 20 dans laquelle il déclenche la réalisation d'une sélection de rapport classique (ou d'une présélection de rapport classique dans le cas d'une boîte de vitesses DCT), si cela s'avère nécessaire. On entend ici par « (pré)sélection classique » une (pré)sélection dans laquelle les efforts exercés sur le synchroniseur et sur le crabot et les vitesses de déplacement du synchroniseur et du crabot sont tous supérieurs à ceux utilisés dans un mode dit « à bruit réduit » adapté au fonctionnement en mode électrique pur, et donc sont prédéfinis sans tenir compte du bruit qu'ils induisent. Dans cette situation, l'objectif est en effet de (pré)sélectionner un rapport le plus vite possible.  If the computer or supervisor detects that the vehicle is not in pure electric mode, then it performs a step 20 in which it triggers the achievement of a conventional report selection (or a conventional report pre-selection in the case of a DCT gearbox), if necessary. Here is meant by "(pre) conventional selection" a (pre) selection in which the forces exerted on the synchronizer and on the clutch and the movement speeds of the synchronizer and dog are all higher than those used in a mode called "to reduced noise "adapted to the operation in pure electric mode, and therefore are predefined without taking into account the noise they induce. In this situation, the objective is indeed to (pre) select a report as soon as possible.
En revanche, si le calculateur ou superviseur détecte que le véhicule est dans le mode électrique pur, alors il effectue une étape 30 dans laquelle il détermine le rapport, à présélectionner dans le mode à bruit réduit, qui serait le mieux adapté s'il fallait immédiatement utiliser le moteur thermique pour déplacer le véhicule. Puis, il informe le dispositif de contrôle qu'il vient de déterminer un rapport à présélectionner.  On the other hand, if the computer or supervisor detects that the vehicle is in the pure electric mode, then it carries out a step 30 in which it determines the ratio, to be preselected in the reduced noise mode, which would be the best adapted if it were necessary. immediately use the heat engine to move the vehicle. Then, it informs the control device that it has just determined a report to preselect.
Puis, dans une étape 40, le dispositif de contrôle effectue la première étape du procédé de contrôle décrit ci-avant. Par conséquent, il déclenche l'exercice sur le baladeur (associé au rapport à présélectionner) d'au moins un effort minimal prédéfini afin de translater le synchroniseur à une première vitesse minimale pour provoquer un couplage de synchronisation de ce dernier au pignon fou correspondant au rapport à présélectionner. Then, in a step 40, the control device performs the first step of the control method described above. Therefore, it triggers the exercise on the player (associated with the report to preselect) of at least a predetermined minimum effort to translate the synchronizer at a first minimum speed to cause a synchronization coupling of the latter to the idle gear corresponding to the report to preselect.
Puis, dans une étape 50, le dispositif de contrôle effectue la seconde étape du procédé de contrôle décrit ci-avant. Par conséquent, il déclenche l'exercice sur le baladeur (associé au rapport à présélectionner) d'un effort supérieur à un premier seuil prédéfini et propre à contraindre le crabot à décaler angulairement le synchroniseur, puis il déclenche la translation de ce crabot à une seconde vitesse minimale de manière à provoquer son couplage au pignon fou correspondant au rapport à présélectionner.  Then, in a step 50, the control device performs the second step of the control method described above. Consequently, it triggers the exercise on the player (associated with the report to be preselected) of a force greater than a first predetermined threshold and suitable for constraining the dog to angularly shift the synchronizer, then it triggers the translation of this dog to a second minimum speed so as to cause its coupling to the idle gear corresponding to the report to preselect.
L'invention offre plusieurs avantages, parmi lesquels :  The invention offers several advantages, among which:
- une diminution importante du niveau acoustique des bruits induits par les opérations de présélection de rapport lorsque le véhicule est dans le mode électrique pur,  a significant reduction in the acoustic level of the noises induced by the gear selection operations when the vehicle is in the pure electrical mode,
- un gain économique et un gain de poids du fait que l'on n'a pas besoin d'ajouter une couche de matériau d'insonorisation sous le capot du véhicule pour réduire les bruits induits par les opérations de présélection de rapport.  - An economic gain and weight gain because it does not need to add a layer of soundproofing material under the hood of the vehicle to reduce the noise induced by the gear selection operations.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Procédé de contrôle de la présélection, dans un véhicule à machine électrique et moteur thermique, d'un rapport d'une boîte de vitesses comprenant au moins un baladeur, solidarisé en rotation à un arbre secondaire tout en pouvant se translater sur ce dernier, et comportant au moins un crabot, propre à être translaté pour être couplé à un pignon fou monté à rotation libre sur ledit arbre secondaire, et au moins un synchroniseur propre à être translaté pour être couplé audit pignon fou, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une première étape (40) dans laquelle on exerce sur ledit baladeur, lorsque seule ladite machine électrique est utilisée pour mouvoir ledit véhicule, au moins un effort minimal prédéfini afin de translater ledit synchroniseur à une première vitesse minimale pour provoquer un couplage de synchronisation dudit synchroniseur audit pignon fou, et une seconde étape (50) dans laquelle on exerce sur ledit baladeur un effort supérieur à un premier seuil prédéfini et propre à contraindre ledit crabot à décaler angulairement ledit synchroniseur, puis on translate ledit crabot à une seconde vitesse minimale de manière à provoquer son couplage audit pignon fou. 1. A method for controlling the preselection, in a vehicle with an electric machine and a heat engine, of a ratio of a gearbox comprising at least one sliding device, secured in rotation to a secondary shaft while being able to translate thereon, and comprising at least one dog, adapted to be translated to be coupled to a idler gear mounted free rotation on said secondary shaft, and at least one synchronizer adapted to be translated to be coupled to said idler gear, characterized in that it comprises a first step (40) in which is exerted on said player, when only said electric machine is used to move said vehicle, at least a predetermined minimum effort to translate said synchronizer to a first minimum speed to cause a synchronization coupling of said synchronizer audit idler gear, and a second step (50) in which is exerted on said player a force greater than a pre first threshold predefined and adapted to constrain said dog to angularly shift said synchronizer, then translate said clutch to a second minimum speed so as to cause its coupling to said idler gear.
2. Procédé selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que ladite première étape (40) comprend une première sous-étape dans laquelle on exerce sur ledit baladeur un premier effort minimal prédéfini afin de translater ledit synchroniseur à ladite première vitesse minimale jusqu'à ce qu'il vienne au contact dudit pignon fou, et une seconde sous-étape dans laquelle on exerce sur ledit baladeur un second effort minimal prédéfini afin de translater ledit synchroniseur et provoquer un couplage de synchronisation de ce dernier audit pignon fou.  2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said first step (40) comprises a first substep in which is exerted on said player a first minimum predefined effort to translate said synchronizer to said first minimum speed until it comes into contact with said idle gear, and a second substep in which is exerted on said player a second minimum preset force to translate said synchronizer and cause synchronization coupling thereof to said idle gear.
3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que dans ladite première étape (40) on provoque ledit couplage de synchronisation pendant une durée inférieure à un second seuil prédéfini.  3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that said first step (40) causes said synchronization coupling for a duration less than a second predefined threshold.
4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que ledit second seuil est égal à environ une seconde.  4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that said second threshold is equal to about one second.
5. Dispositif de contrôle de la présélection, dans un véhicule à machine électrique et moteur thermique, d'un rapport d'une boîte de vitesses comprenant au moins un baladeur, solidarisé en rotation à un arbre secondaire tout en pouvant se translater sur ce dernier, et comportant au moins un crabot, propre à être translaté pour être couplé à un pignon fou monté à rotation libre sur ledit arbre secondaire, et au moins un synchroniseur propre à être translaté pour être couplé audit pignon fou, caractérisé en ce qu'il est agencé, lorsque seule ladite machine électrique est utilisée pour mouvoir ledit véhicule, pour déclencher l'exercice sur ledit baladeur d'au moins un effort minimal prédéfini afin de translater ledit synchroniseur à une première vitesse minimale pour provoquer un couplage de synchronisation de ce dernier audit pignon fou, puis pour déclencher l'exercice sur ledit baladeur d'un effort supérieur à un premier seuil prédéfini et propre à contraindre ledit crabot à décaler angulairement ledit synchroniseur, puis pour déclencher la translation dudit crabot à une seconde vitesse minimale de manière à provoquer un couplage de ce dernier audit pignon fou. 5. Pre-selection control device, in a vehicle with an electric machine and a heat engine, of a report of a gearbox comprising at least one player, secured in rotation to a secondary shaft while being able to translate on the latter, and having at least one dog clutch adapted to be translated to be coupled to a idler gear mounted freely rotatable on said secondary shaft, and at least one synchronizer adapted to be translated to be coupled to said idle gear, characterized in that it is arranged, when only said electric machine is used to move said vehicle, to trigger the exercise on said player of at least one effort predefined minimum to translate said synchronizer to a first minimum speed to cause a synchronization coupling thereof to said idle gear, then to trigger the exercise on said player a greater effort than a first predetermined threshold and own to constrain said dog clutch angularly shifting said synchronizer, then to trigger the translation of said clutch to a second speed min imale so as to cause a coupling thereof to said idle gear.
6. Calculateur, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un dispositif de contrôle selon la revendication 5.  6. Computer, characterized in that it comprises a control device according to claim 5.
7. Véhicule comprenant une machine électrique et un moteur thermique couplé à une boîte de vitesses comprenant au moins un baladeur, solidarisé en rotation à un arbre secondaire tout en pouvant se translater sur ce dernier, et comportant au moins un crabot, propre à être translaté pour être couplé à un pignon fou monté à rotation libre sur ledit arbre secondaire, et au moins un synchroniseur propre à être translaté pour être couplé audit pignon fou, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre un calculateur selon la revendication 6.  7. Vehicle comprising an electric machine and a heat engine coupled to a gearbox comprising at least one player, secured in rotation to a secondary shaft while being able to translate on the latter, and having at least one dog clutch, adapted to be translated to be coupled to a idler gear mounted free rotation on said secondary shaft, and at least one synchronizer adapted to be translated to be coupled to said idle gear, characterized in that it further comprises a computer according to claim 6.
8. Véhicule selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il est de type automobile.  8. Vehicle according to claim 7, characterized in that it is automotive type.
PCT/FR2014/053211 2014-01-22 2014-12-08 Method and device for controlling the pre-selection of a gearbox ratio of a hybrid vehicle in order to limit the noise induced during a pure electric mode WO2015110720A1 (en)

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FR1450505A FR3016592B1 (en) 2014-01-22 2014-01-22 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MONITORING THE PRESELECTION OF A GEARBOX RATIO OF A HYBRID VEHICLE, FOR LIMITING INDUCED NOISE DURING A PURE ELECTRICAL MODE

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070137339A1 (en) * 2005-12-19 2007-06-21 Hitachi, Ltd. Automatic transmission, control apparatus and control method for the same
WO2010112280A1 (en) * 2009-04-03 2010-10-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for operating a hybrid vehicle
FR2987331A1 (en) * 2012-02-28 2013-08-30 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Method for controlling actuator of manually controlled dual-clutch transmission, involves controlling moving speed of actuator at time of movement phase of actuator occurring between end of synchronization phase and engagement of shift
FR2988651A1 (en) * 2012-03-29 2013-10-04 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa MOTORIZATION CONTROL METHOD OF A VEHICLE COMPRISING AT LEAST TWO MOTORIZATIONS

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070137339A1 (en) * 2005-12-19 2007-06-21 Hitachi, Ltd. Automatic transmission, control apparatus and control method for the same
WO2010112280A1 (en) * 2009-04-03 2010-10-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method for operating a hybrid vehicle
FR2987331A1 (en) * 2012-02-28 2013-08-30 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Method for controlling actuator of manually controlled dual-clutch transmission, involves controlling moving speed of actuator at time of movement phase of actuator occurring between end of synchronization phase and engagement of shift
FR2988651A1 (en) * 2012-03-29 2013-10-04 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa MOTORIZATION CONTROL METHOD OF A VEHICLE COMPRISING AT LEAST TWO MOTORIZATIONS

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