WO2015108574A1 - Réduction de la rugosité de surface d'objets en trois dimensions - Google Patents

Réduction de la rugosité de surface d'objets en trois dimensions Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015108574A1
WO2015108574A1 PCT/US2014/055788 US2014055788W WO2015108574A1 WO 2015108574 A1 WO2015108574 A1 WO 2015108574A1 US 2014055788 W US2014055788 W US 2014055788W WO 2015108574 A1 WO2015108574 A1 WO 2015108574A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fluid
examples
dimensional object
radiation
applying
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2014/055788
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Alexander Govyadinov
Brett E. Dahlgren
Tommy D. Deskins
Original Assignee
Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/EP2014/050841 external-priority patent/WO2015106816A1/fr
Application filed by Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. filed Critical Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.
Priority to PCT/US2014/055788 priority Critical patent/WO2015108574A1/fr
Publication of WO2015108574A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015108574A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/02—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to macromolecular substances, e.g. rubber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C71/00—After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C71/0009—After-treatment of articles without altering their shape; Apparatus therefor using liquids, e.g. solvents, swelling agents

Definitions

  • Additive manufacturing systems that generate three-dimensional objects on a layer-by-layer basis have been proposed as a potentially convenient way to produce three-dimensional objects.
  • the quality of objects produced by such systems such as the quality of surface properties, may vary widely depending on the type of additive manufacturing technology used.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of reducing roughness of a surface of a three-dimensional object generated using a suitable additive manufacturing technique according to some examples
  • FIG. 2 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of reducing roughness of a surface of a three-dimensional object generated using a suitable additive manufacturing technique according to some examples
  • FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of smoothening a surface of a three-dimensional object
  • FIG. 4 is a simplified diagram illustrating a generated three-dimensional object to be processed to reduce surface roughness
  • FIG. 5 is a simplified diagram of a three-dimensional object after it has been processed to reduce surface roughness
  • FIG. 6 is a simplified diagram illustrating a series of cross-sections of a three- dimensional object undergoing processing to reduce surface roughness
  • FIG. 7 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of reducing roughness of a surface of a generated three-dimensional object according to some examples
  • FIG. 8a is a simplified diagram illustrating application of fluid to a three- dimensional object by brushing according to some examples
  • FIG. 8b is a simplified diagram illustrating application of fluid to a three- dimensional object by dipping according to some examples
  • FIG. 8c is a simplified diagram illustrating application of fluid to a three- dimensional object by spraying according to some examples
  • FIG. 8d is a simplified diagram illustrating application of fluid to a three- dimensional object by rolling according to some examples
  • FIG. 8e is a simplified diagram illustrating application of fluid to a three- dimensional object by spinning according to some examples
  • FIG. 8f is a simplified diagram illustrating application of fluid to a three- dimensional object by screening according to some examples
  • FIG. 8g is a simplified diagram illustrating application of fluid to a three- dimensional object by stamping according to some examples
  • FIG. 8h is a simplified diagram illustrating application of fluid to a three- dimensional object by sponging according to some examples
  • FIG. 8i is a simplified diagram illustrating application of fluid to a three- dimensional object by pouring according to some examples
  • FIG. 8j is a simplified diagram illustrating application of fluid to a three- dimensional object by electroplating according to some examples
  • FIG. 8k is a simplified diagram illustrating application of fluid to a three- dimensional object by inkjet printing according to some examples
  • FIG. 8I is a simplified diagram illustrating application of fluid to a three- dimensional object by robotic dispensing according to some examples
  • FIG. 9a is a simplified diagram illustrating reflowing fluid applied on a three- dimensional object by heating the fluid using an oven according to some examples
  • FIG. 9b is a simplified diagram illustrating reflowing fluid applied on a three- dimensional object by heating the fluid using a hot plate according to some examples
  • FIG. 9c is a simplified diagram illustrating reflowing fluid applied on a three- dimensional object by heating the fluid using a heat gun according to some examples
  • FIG. 9d is a simplified diagram illustrating reflowing fluid applied on a three- dimensional object by heating the fluid using a lamp according to some examples
  • FIG. 9e is a simplified diagram illustrating reflowing fluid applied on a three- dimensional object by heating the fluid using an array of light emitting diodes (LEDs) according to some examples;
  • LEDs light emitting diodes
  • FIG. 9f is a simplified diagram illustrating reflowing fluid applied on a three- dimensional object by heating the fluid using a laser according to some example
  • FIG. 9g is a simplified diagram illustrating curing fluid applied on a three- dimensional object using an electron beam furnace according to some examples.
  • FIG. 9h is a simplified diagram illustrating curing fluid applied on a three- dimensional object using an electron gun according to some examples.
  • Some additive manufacturing systems generate three-dimensional objects through the solidification of portions of successive layers of build material, such as a powdered or liquid build material.
  • the properties of generated objects may be dependent on the type of build material and the type of solidification mechanism used.
  • solidification may be achieved using a liquid binder agent to chemically solidify build material.
  • solidification may be achieved by temporary application of energy to the build material. This may, for example, involve use of a coalescing agent, which is a material that, when a suitable amount of energy is applied to a combination of build material and coalescing agent, may cause the build material to coalesce and solidify.
  • a multiple agent additive manufacturing system may be used such as that described in PCT Application No.
  • coalescence modifier agent may also be selectively delivered to layers of build material.
  • a coalescence modifier agent serves to modify the degree of coalescence of a portion of build material on which the coalescence modifier agent has been delivered or has penetrated.
  • other methods of solidification may be used, for example selective laser sintering (SLS), light polymerization, among others.
  • SLS selective laser sintering
  • the examples described herein may be used with any of the above additive manufacturing systems and suitable adaptations thereof.
  • generated three-dimensional objects may have an undesired level of surface roughness.
  • small defects in surface smoothness may cause light scattering, and larger defects may distort a reflected or refracted image in accordance with the topology and curvature of the object.
  • Undesired surface roughness may result, for example, because of the "stairstepping", which is an effect wherein layer-by-layer manufacturing may result in accurate and smooth object surfaces along x-y axis planes defined by each layer, but inaccurate and rough object surfaces along the z-axis, which is the axis that extends through multiple layers.
  • the degree of inaccuracy may depend on the thickness of each layer of build material.
  • surface roughness may be affected by distortions introduced in objects due to various process parameters. Undesired surface roughness may result due to other factors, as well.
  • the present disclosure provides examples in which surface roughness may be reduced for a variety of types of three-dimensional objects, including objects with various shapes, surface properties, material profiles, or the like.
  • the examples herein may allow low-cost generation of three- dimensional optical components with desired refractive and reflective properties, and with various types of surfaces, such as free-form, aspheric, or Fresnel surfaces.
  • the examples herein may also, for example, reduce surface roughness without changing overall surface slopes and surface geometries of the object.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 100 of reducing roughness of a surface of a three-dimensional object generated using a suitable additive manufacturing technique according to some examples.
  • fluid may be applied on the surface.
  • the applied fluid may be cured.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 200 of reducing roughness of a surface of a three-dimensional object generated using a suitable additive manufacturing technique according to some examples.
  • the surface may be preheated.
  • a fluid may be applied on the surface using brushing, dipping, spraying, rolling, spinning, screening, stamping, sponging, pouring, electroplating, inkjet printing, or robotic dispensing.
  • the applied fluid may be cured using ultraviolet (UV) radiation, microwave radiation, heat, or an electron beam.
  • UV ultraviolet
  • FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 300 of smoothening a surface of a three-dimensional object according to some examples.
  • an at least partially transparent fluid may be deposited on the surface.
  • heat may be applied to reflow the applied fluid.
  • ultraviolet (UV) radiation, microwave radiation, heat, or an electron beam may be applied to the reflowed fluid to cure the ref lowed fluid.
  • FIG. 4 is a simplified diagram illustrating a generated three-dimensional object 400 to be processed to reduce surface roughness
  • FIG. 5 is a simplified diagram of the three-dimensional object 400 after it has been processed to reduce surface roughness
  • FIG. 6 is a simplified diagram illustrating a series of cross- sections of the three-dimensional object 400 undergoing processing to reduce surface roughness.
  • the object 400 may initially be generated by any suitable process using any suitable additive manufacturing system and any suitable build material.
  • the object 400 has undesired roughness due to stair-stepping along the z-axis as shown on the side surfaces 402, but has a desired level of smoothness along the x and y-axes as shown on the side surfaces 402 and on the top and bottom surfaces 403.
  • the methods herein may be applied to objects with different surface roughness properties than the object 400. For example, some such objects may have undesired roughness on all surfaces, whereas other objects may have undesired surface roughness on different surfaces.
  • the build material may be a powder-based build material, including dry and wet powder-based materials, particulate materials, and granular materials
  • suitable build materials may include, for example, powdered metal materials, powdered composite materials, powdered ceramic materials, powdered glass materials, powdered resin material, powdered polymer materials, and the like, and combinations thereof. It should be understood, however, that the examples described herein are not limited to powder-based materials or to any of the materials listed above.
  • the build material may be in the form of a paste, liquid or a gel.
  • a suitable build material may be a powdered semi-crystalline thermoplastic material.
  • a suitable build material is a polyamide.
  • the generated object 400 may, for example, include solidified plastic, metal, acrylic, polyether, epoxy resin, phenol- formaldehyde, and/or any other suitable material. Additionally, the object 400 may be transparent, translucent, or opaque.
  • FIG. 7 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 500 of reducing roughness of a surface of the generated three-dimensional object 400 according to some examples.
  • the orderings shown may be varied, such that some elements may occur simultaneously, some elements may be added, and some elements may be omitted.
  • surfaces 402 of the object 400 may be pre-heated prior to applying fluid 404 to the surfaces 402 at 502.
  • Pre-heating may be performed by any suitable technique, including but not limited to methods described that will be described relative to FIGS. 9a to 9f.
  • pre-heating may allow the fluid 404, upon application, to better conform to the surfaces 402.
  • preheating may be done while applying fluid 404 at 502. In some examples, pre-heating may not be performed.
  • a fluid 404 may be applied on surfaces 402 of the object 400, as shown in FIG. 6.
  • fluid 404 is applied on the surface 402 of object 400 to smooth roughness resulting from stair-stepping.
  • fluid 404 is applied to exterior surfaces, in some examples fluid may also be applied to interior surfaces of an object.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates two opposing surface 402 of a cross-section of object 400 having undesired surface roughness
  • the fluid may be applied around side surfaces 402 of the object 400 except the top and bottom surfaces 403.
  • the coating may be applied to any other or all surfaces of an object.
  • each surface 402 may be flood coated, such that the entire surface 402 may have fluid 404 applied thereto using any suitable coating method described herein.
  • fluid 404 may be selectively applied in some portions of the surface 402 but not other portions of the surface 402 using any suitable coating method described herein.
  • the fluid 404 may fill defects 405 in the surfaces 402.
  • the fluid 404 may completely fill the defects 405.
  • the fluid 404 may partially fill the defects 405.
  • reflowing at 504 may cause the fluid 404 to further fill or completely fill the defects 405.
  • the fluid 404 may be to conformally coat the defects 405 to smoothen the surfaces 402. Conformally coating a surface means that the fluid conforms or is caused to conform to the surface.
  • the fluid 404 may be any suitable fluid, including liquids such as e.g. acrylic monomer, Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), various other polymers, or any other suitable curable liquid.
  • the fluid may, for example, be curable by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, microwave radiation, heat e.g. thermal treatment, or an electron beam (e- beam), for example.
  • the fluid 404 may be a Norland optical adhesive, such as NOA65, NOA68, NOA71 , or NOA72, such as that provided by Norland Products, Inc. These optical adhesives may, for example, be curable with UV radiation.
  • the fluid 404 may be liquid or solid at room temperature, for example.
  • the fluid 404 may be transparent, translucent, opaque, absorptive, and/or colored.
  • a transparent fluid 404 may be used to coat an object 400 such as an optical component, such that the object 400 may have a smooth optical surface.
  • the fluid 404 may contain a colorant such as a pigment or dye.
  • pigments and dyes such as those used for inkjet printing may be used.
  • the colorant may have any suitable desired color for the three- dimensional object.
  • different surfaces of the object 400 may be applied with different color fluids. For example, a first surface may have applied thereto a fluid having a first color, and a second surface may have applied thereto a fluid having a second color.
  • the fluid 404 may be partially transparent, in that it may include transparent agents in addition to a colorant, such that the colorant may serve as an optical filter. Thus, partially transparent fluids 404 may still be suitable for application on an optical component.
  • Any suitable technique may be used to apply fluid 404.
  • an analog technique may be used, such as brushing 502a, dipping 502b, spraying 502c, rolling 502d, spinning 502e, screening 502f, stamping 502g, sponging 502h, pouring 502i, and/or electroplating 502j.
  • a digital technique may be used such as inkjet printing 502k or robotic dispensing 5021. Other suitable techniques may also be used.
  • FIG. 8a is a simplified diagram illustrating application of fluid 404 to the three- dimensional object 400 by brushing 502a according to some examples.
  • Brushing 502a may be achieved by applying a brush 410, which may have bristles 412 on which the fluid 404 is applied, to the surfaces 402.
  • the brush 410 may, for example, be applied automatically by a robotic mechanism, or manually.
  • the brush may, for example, be applied with flowing strokes wherein the brush may lightly touch the surfaces 402.
  • FIG. 8b is a simplified diagram illustrating application of fluid 404 to the three- dimensional object 400 by dipping 502b according to some examples.
  • Dipping 502b may be achieved by dipping the object 400 in a reservoir of fluid 404.
  • the object 400 may be completely submerged in the reservoir 414 of fluid 404.
  • each surface 402, whether all or some of the surfaces of the object 400, may be individually and/or sequentially dipped into the reservoir 414 of fluid 404 without completely submerging the object 400 in the reservoir 414.
  • FIG. 8c is a simplified diagram illustrating application of fluid 404 to the three- dimensional object 400 by spraying 502c according to some examples.
  • Spraying 502c may be achieved by using a sprayer 416 whose nozzles may eject a spray 418 of fluid 404 on the surfaces 402.
  • FIG. 8d is a simplified diagram illustrating application of fluid 404 to the three- dimensional object 400 by rolling 502d according to some examples.
  • Rolling 502d may be achieved by using a roller 420 to roll fluid 404 onto the surfaces 402.
  • FIG. 8e is a simplified diagram illustrating application of fluid 404 to the three- dimensional object 400 by spinning 502e according to some examples.
  • Spinning 502e e.g. spin coating
  • the spinner 422 may spin a platform 426 on which the object 400 is provided to cause the fluid 404 to spread across the surface 402 due to the centrifugal force.
  • FIG. 8f is a simplified diagram illustrating application of fluid 404 to the three- dimensional object 400 by screening 502f according to some examples.
  • Screening 502f may be achieved by using a scoop coater 428 to press fluid 404 contained in the scoop coater 428 along the surfaces 402.
  • FIG. 8g is a simplified diagram illustrating application of fluid 404 to the three- dimensional object 400 by stamping 502g according to some examples.
  • Stamping 504g may be achieved by using a stamping press 430 having fluid 404 coated thereon to stamp or press the fluid 404 onto the surfaces 402.
  • FIG. 8h is a simplified diagram illustrating application of fluid 404 to the three- dimensional object 400 by sponging 502h according to some examples.
  • Sponging 502g may be achieved by using a sponge 432 to deposit fluid 404 absorbed in the sponge on the surfaces 402.
  • FIG. 8i is a simplified diagram illustrating application of fluid 404 to the three- dimensional object 400 by pouring 502i according to some examples.
  • Pouring 502i may be achieved by causing fluid 404 in a container 434 to be poured on the surfaces 402.
  • FIG. 8j is a simplified diagram illustrating application of fluid 404 to the three- dimensional object 400 by electroplating 502j according to some examples.
  • Electroplating 502j may be achieved as follows. In some examples, if the surfaces 402 and an electrode 438 are each electrically conductive, then the surfaces 402 and the electrode 438 may be immersed into an electrolyte solution that permits flow of electricity. The electrolyte solution may be contained in a container 436. Upon immersion, a voltage source 440 may provide current that passes in a circuit through the object 400, electrolyte and the electrode 438, thereby causing a portion of the electrode 438 immersed in the electrolyte to dissolve and become the coating 404 on the surfaces 402.
  • the surface 402 may be the cathode and the electrode 438 may be the anode, but in other examples the surface 402 may be the anode and the electrode 438 may be the cathode.
  • FIG. 8k is a simplified diagram illustrating application of fluid 404 to the three- dimensional object 400 by inkjet printing 502k according to some examples.
  • Inkjet printing 502k may be achieved by using a suitable printhead 442 having an array of nozzles to deliver drops of fluid 404 on the surfaces 402.
  • the printhead 442 may, for example, be a thermal inkjet printhead or a piezo inkjet printhead. Further examples of suitable printhead features are described in PCT Application No. PCT/EP2014/050841 .
  • Inkjet printing may enable variable fluid 404 density (i.e. volume per unit area) across the surfaces 402 based on the topography of the surfaces 402.
  • a greater density may be delivered to recesses in a surface 402 relative to protrusions from the surface 402.
  • a generally flat surface may be placed generally perpendicular to the nozzle jetting direction of the printhead 442 such that relative lateral movement between the printhead 442 and the object 400 may allow the printhead 442 to selectively deliver fluid 404 across the surface 402.
  • the three-dimensional topology of the object 400 may be scanned by a suitable imaging device, and the printhead 404 may, for example, be movable by an attached robotic mechanism to move in three dimensions and to selectively deliver fluid 404 across the surfaces 404. This method may be suitable, for example, if the object 400 has generally non-flat surfaces with complex topologies.
  • FIG. 8I is a simplified diagram illustrating application of fluid 404 to the three- dimensional object 400 by robotic dispensing 502I according to some examples.
  • Robotic dispensing 502I may be achieved by using a suitable robotic dispenser 444, such as a pump or augur fed needle, which may dispense fluid 404 on the surfaces 402.
  • the robotic dispenser 444 may be positioned and oriented in three dimensions using a positioning mechanism 446 such as a robotic arm or gantry.
  • the three-dimensional topology of the object 400 may be scanned by a suitable imaging device, and the robotic dispenser 444 may, for example, dispense fluid 404 to selectively deliver fluid 404 across the surfaces 404. This method may be suitable, for example, if the object 400 has generally non-flat surfaces with complex topologies.
  • the fluid 404 may be reflowed on the surfaces 402 of the object 400 to become reflowed fluid 406, as shown in FIG. 6.
  • reflowed means causing the fluid to flow on the surface such that, for example, the fluid may better conformally coat the surface and/or be more smoothly coated in the surface.
  • the fluid 404 may not have completely filled the defects 405 and formed a smooth, comformal coating.
  • the reflowing fluid 406 may completely fill the defects and form a smooth, conformal surface.
  • reflowing need not be performed.
  • the fluid 404 may have already completely filled the defects 405 and formed a smooth, conformal coating. The reflowing may be performed for a predetermined period of time.
  • Reflowing may be performed by heating, e.g. thermal treatment of, the fluid 404 and/or object 400 to cause it to become reflowed fluid 406.
  • the fluid 404 may be heated above its melting point or glass transition temperature to cause to fluid 404 to be in a liquid state such that it may reflow, but in other examples the fluid 404 may be heated below its melting point or glass transition temperature such that is does not fully liquefy.
  • the fluid 404 may be heated to a temperature in the range between about 60 degrees Celsius and about 80 degrees Celsius. Heating the fluid 404 may also decrease the viscosity of the fluid 404, allowing the fluid 404 to flow in a predictable and desired way. Examples of heating include but are not limited to the following.
  • FIG. 9a is a simplified diagram illustrating reflowing fluid 404 applied on the three-dimensional object 400 by heating the fluid 404 using an oven 436 according to some examples.
  • the object 400 may be placed in an oven 436 which may heat the fluid 404.
  • FIG. 9b is a simplified diagram illustrating reflowing fluid 404 applied on the three-dimensional object 400 by heating the fluid 404 using a hot plate 438 according to some examples.
  • the surfaces 402 having the fluid 404 may be placed on the hot plate 438 and the hot plate 438 may be heated to cause heat transfer to the fluid 404.
  • FIG. 9c is a simplified diagram illustrating reflowing fluid 404 applied on the three-dimensional object 400 by heating the fluid 404 using a heat gun 440 according to some examples.
  • the heat gun 440 may apply heat to the fluid 404.
  • FIG. 9d is a simplified diagram illustrating reflowing fluid 404 applied on the three-dimensional object 400 by heating the fluid 404 using a lamp 442 according to some examples.
  • the lamp 442 may apply unfocused infrared (IR) radiation, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, microwave radiation, and/or visible radiation to the fluid 404 to heat to fluid 404.
  • the lamp 442 may be modulated by a spatial light modulator and focused on the object 400.
  • FIG. 9e is a simplified diagram illustrating reflowing fluid 404 applied on the three-dimensional object 400 by heating the fluid 404 using an array of light emitting diodes (LEDs) 444 according to some examples.
  • each of the LEDs may apply infrared (IR) radiation, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, microwave radiation, and/or visible radiation to the fluid 404 to heat to fluid 404.
  • IR infrared
  • UV ultraviolet
  • microwave radiation microwave radiation
  • visible radiation visible radiation
  • different patterns of LEDs may be used so as to apply selective patterns of heat to the fluid 404.
  • FIG. 9f is a simplified diagram illustrating reflowing fluid 404 applied on the three-dimensional object 400 by heating the fluid 404 using a laser 446 according to some examples.
  • the laser 446 may apply focused infrared (IR), radiation, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, microwave radiation, and/or visible radiation to the fluid 404 to heat to fluid 404.
  • visible radiation may be suitable if the fluid 404 includes a dye of pigment.
  • the laser 446 may apply selective patterns of heat to the fluid 404.
  • any suitable technique including using the oven 436, hot plate 438, heat gun 440, lamp 442, LEDs 444, or laser 446, may be used to heat the fluid 404 to cause the viscosity of the fluid 404 to drop uniformly across its volume such that the fluid 404 may have a suitable surface tension to conform closely to the underlying surfaces 402.
  • any suitable technique including e.g. using the LEDs 444 or laser 446, may be used to heat the fluid 404 selectively in patterns on the fluid 404.
  • viscosity of different regions of fluid 404 may be selectively tailored such that the fluid 404 may selectively conform to the underlying surfaces 404 in varying degrees. In some examples, this may allow for increased accuracy in achieving uniform desired surface roughness, desired surface slopes, and dimensional accuracy. In some examples, this may also allow for some variation on surface properties including surface roughness. For example, some surface areas may have reduced surface roughness, while others may have a greater surface roughness e.g. because the surface roughness in those surface areas may not have been reduced.
  • a combined use of simultaneous UV and IR radiation may be used to control polymerization speed of the fluid 404.
  • the rate at which heat is applied may be varied using any suitable technique, including using the oven 436, hot plate 438, heat gun 440, lamp 442, LEDs 444, or laser 446.
  • the predeternnined period of time, the temperature of reflowing, and the rate of heating may each depend on desired characteristics of the reflowed fluid 406, for example the desired amount of reflowing, desired smoothness, and desired shape.
  • the predetermined period of time, the temperature of reflowing, and the rate of heating may also depend on the type of fluid 404, the amount of fluid 404, and the viscosity of the fluid, for example.
  • the reflowed fluid 406 may be cured.
  • “Curing” means that fluid is chemically solidified. This may involve cross-linking of polymer chains to cause hardening of the polymer.
  • curing may involve polymerization of the fluid.
  • curing may also involve bonding between the cured fluid and the original object depending on the compatibility of the material properties of the object and the material properties of the fluid, but this is not necessary.
  • the reflowed fluid 406 may become new surfaces 408.
  • the fluid 404 may be directly cured to become the new surfaces 408 without reflowing.
  • the fluid 404 or 406 may conformally coat the surfaces 402 to create smooth or smoother surfaces 408. The curing may be performed for a predetermined period of time.
  • Curing may be performed by any suitable technique, including but not limited to methods described earlier relative to FIGS. 9a to 9f, including application of electromagnetic radiation (e.g. UV radiation at 506a and/or microwave radiation at 506b), and/or heat at 506d.
  • electromagnetic radiation e.g. UV radiation at 506a and/or microwave radiation at 506b
  • heat at 506d e.g. UV radiation at 506a and/or microwave radiation at 506b
  • the methods shown in FIGS. 9a to 9f may be applied directly to the fluid 404, as shown, if no reflowing is performed. In other examples, these methods may instead be applied to the reflowed fluid 406.
  • the amount of heat used to cure fluid may be greater than the amount of heat used to reflow fluid.
  • curing may be performed by applying electron beams (e-beams) to the fluid 404 or 406 at 506c, or by applying other ionizing radiation to the fluid 404 or 406.
  • FIG. 9g is a simplified diagram illustrating curing fluid 404 applied on the three-dimensional object 400 using an electron beam furnace 448 according to some examples.
  • the object 400 may be placed in the electron beam furnace 448 which may apply electron beams to the fluid 404.
  • FIG. 9h is a simplified diagram illustrating curing fluid 404 applied on the three-dimensional object 400 using an electron gun 450 according to some examples.
  • the electron gun 450 may apply electron beams to the fluid.
  • FIGS. 9g and 9h may be applied directly to the fluid 404 if no reflowing is performed, in other examples these methods may instead be applied to the reflowed fluid 406.
  • any suitable technique discussed above may be used to cause the viscosity of the fluid 404 to drop either uniformly or selectively in patterns across its volume such that the fluid 404 may, either uniformly or in the selected regions, have a suitable surface tension to conform closely to the underlying surfaces 402.
  • a combined use of simultaneous UV and IR radiation may be used to control polymerization speed of the fluid 404.
  • the predetermined period of time and the temperature of curing may each depend on desired characteristics of the cured surfaces 408, for example the desired smoothness, desired shape, and desired optical properties such as reflectivity and refractivity.
  • the predetermined period of time and the temperature of reflowing may also depend on the type of fluid 404 or 406, the amount of fluid 404 or 406, the melting point or glass transition temperature of the fluid 404 or 406, and the viscosity of the fluid, and the desired properties described above, for example.
  • the surface smoothening achieved upon curing may decrease surface roughness to alleviate both small and large defects.
  • the surfaces of the object 400 may, in some examples, have uniform reflective and refractive properties, or may have varied but desired reflective and refractive properties across the surfaces of the object 400.
  • the object 400 may also provide smooth tactile perception on its surfaces.
  • the object 400 with cured surfaces 408 may be provided using the methods described herein.
  • the cured surfaces 408 may comprise the cured fluid around the original object 400.

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  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

Dans des exemples de la présente invention, la rugosité d'une surface d'un objet produit en trois dimensions peut être réduite. Dans ces exemples, un fluide peut être appliqué sur la surface de l'objet produit en trois dimensions. Le fluide appliqué peut alors être durci sur la surface de l'objet en trois dimensions.
PCT/US2014/055788 2014-01-16 2014-09-16 Réduction de la rugosité de surface d'objets en trois dimensions WO2015108574A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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PCT/US2014/055788 WO2015108574A1 (fr) 2014-01-16 2014-09-16 Réduction de la rugosité de surface d'objets en trois dimensions

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2014/050841 WO2015106816A1 (fr) 2014-01-16 2014-01-16 Génération d'un objet tridimensionnel
EPPCT/EP2014/050841 2014-01-16
PCT/US2014/055788 WO2015108574A1 (fr) 2014-01-16 2014-09-16 Réduction de la rugosité de surface d'objets en trois dimensions

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WO2015108574A1 true WO2015108574A1 (fr) 2015-07-23

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WO2016030490A1 (fr) * 2014-08-29 2016-03-03 Dyemansion Gmbh Procédé d'imprégnation de pièces moulées
WO2017080842A1 (fr) * 2015-11-09 2017-05-18 Philips Lighting Holding B.V. Procédé pour produire un composant optique par impression 3d, un composant optique et un dispositif d'éclairage
WO2017220368A1 (fr) * 2016-06-21 2017-12-28 Hans Schieber Procédé ayant pour support un logiciel pour une représentation 3d photoréaliste
WO2018094131A1 (fr) 2016-11-21 2018-05-24 Carbon, Inc. Procédé de fabrication d'un objet tridimensionnel par distribution d'un constituant réactif pour un durcissement ultérieur
US10723075B2 (en) 2016-11-02 2020-07-28 R3 Printing, Inc. System and method for automated successive three-dimensional printing
WO2021110957A1 (fr) * 2019-12-04 2021-06-10 Metalizz Procédé de traitement de surface d'un objet en trois dimensions
US11660819B2 (en) 2016-11-02 2023-05-30 R3 Printing, Inc. System and method for automated successive three-dimensional printing

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JPH07100938A (ja) * 1993-10-04 1995-04-18 C Met Kk 面粗度が向上する光硬化造形法
US6579917B1 (en) * 1999-02-24 2003-06-17 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Surface treatment agent for model
US20010043990A1 (en) * 2000-03-21 2001-11-22 Chong Kong Fok Plastic components with improved surface appearance and method of making the same
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Cited By (16)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016030490A1 (fr) * 2014-08-29 2016-03-03 Dyemansion Gmbh Procédé d'imprégnation de pièces moulées
CN108349158B (zh) * 2015-11-09 2020-08-28 昕诺飞控股有限公司 通过3d打印生产光学部件的方法、光学部件以及照明设备
WO2017080842A1 (fr) * 2015-11-09 2017-05-18 Philips Lighting Holding B.V. Procédé pour produire un composant optique par impression 3d, un composant optique et un dispositif d'éclairage
CN108349158A (zh) * 2015-11-09 2018-07-31 飞利浦照明控股有限公司 通过3d打印生产光学部件的方法、光学部件以及照明设备
US10989388B2 (en) 2015-11-09 2021-04-27 Signify Holding B.V. Lighting device having a 3D printed biconvex cylindrical lens array
WO2017220368A1 (fr) * 2016-06-21 2017-12-28 Hans Schieber Procédé ayant pour support un logiciel pour une représentation 3d photoréaliste
US11167489B2 (en) 2016-11-02 2021-11-09 R3 Printing, Inc. System and method for automated successive three-dimensional printing
US10723075B2 (en) 2016-11-02 2020-07-28 R3 Printing, Inc. System and method for automated successive three-dimensional printing
US11110658B2 (en) 2016-11-02 2021-09-07 R3 Printing, Inc. System and method for automated successive three-dimensional printing
US11660819B2 (en) 2016-11-02 2023-05-30 R3 Printing, Inc. System and method for automated successive three-dimensional printing
US11731355B2 (en) 2016-11-02 2023-08-22 R3 Printing, Inc. System and method for automated successive three-dimensional printing
US11760017B2 (en) 2016-11-02 2023-09-19 R3 Printing, Inc. System for automated successive three-dimensional printing
US11135790B2 (en) 2016-11-21 2021-10-05 Carbon, Inc. Method of making three-dimensional object by delivering reactive component for subsequent cure
WO2018094131A1 (fr) 2016-11-21 2018-05-24 Carbon, Inc. Procédé de fabrication d'un objet tridimensionnel par distribution d'un constituant réactif pour un durcissement ultérieur
WO2021110957A1 (fr) * 2019-12-04 2021-06-10 Metalizz Procédé de traitement de surface d'un objet en trois dimensions
FR3104038A1 (fr) * 2019-12-04 2021-06-11 Metalizz Procédé de traitement de surface d’un objet en trois dimensions

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