WO2015107633A1 - Élément de protection et module de batterie - Google Patents

Élément de protection et module de batterie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015107633A1
WO2015107633A1 PCT/JP2014/050525 JP2014050525W WO2015107633A1 WO 2015107633 A1 WO2015107633 A1 WO 2015107633A1 JP 2014050525 W JP2014050525 W JP 2014050525W WO 2015107633 A1 WO2015107633 A1 WO 2015107633A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrodes
heating
insulating substrate
extraction electrode
battery
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2014/050525
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
裕治 古内
貴史 藤畑
響子 新田
Original Assignee
デクセリアルズ株式会社
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by デクセリアルズ株式会社 filed Critical デクセリアルズ株式会社
Priority to PCT/JP2014/050525 priority Critical patent/WO2015107633A1/fr
Publication of WO2015107633A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015107633A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
    • H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H85/00—Protective devices in which the current flows through a part of fusible material and this current is interrupted by displacement of the fusible material when this current becomes excessive
    • H01H85/02—Details
    • H01H85/0241—Structural association of a fuse and another component or apparatus
    • H01H2085/0283—Structural association with a semiconductor device

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a protection element and a battery module that stop charging / discharging of a battery connected on a current path by fusing the current path and suppress thermal runaway of the battery.
  • Some types of protection elements perform overcharge protection or overdischarge protection operation of the battery pack by turning on / off the output using an FET switch built in the battery pack.
  • FET switch When the FET switch is short-circuited for some reason, a lightning surge or the like is applied and an instantaneous large current flows, or the output voltage drops abnormally due to the life of the battery cell, or excessively abnormal Even when the voltage is output, the battery pack and the electronic device must be protected from accidents such as ignition. Therefore, in order to safely shut off the output of the battery cell in any possible abnormal state, a protection element made of a fuse element having a function of cutting off the current path by an external signal is used. .
  • a soluble conductor is connected across the first and second electrodes on the current path as described in Patent Document 1.
  • Some of the current paths form a part of the current path, and the fusible conductor on the current path is melted by self-heating due to overcurrent or by a heating element provided inside the protective element.
  • the molten liquid soluble conductor is collected on the first and second electrodes, thereby interrupting the current path.
  • the protective element using the soluble conductor described above it is preferable to increase the distance between the first and second electrodes in order to improve the insulation performance when the current path is interrupted.
  • further reduction in size and thickness is required as a protective element built in the battery pack, and it is difficult to increase the distance between the first and second electrodes.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a protective element capable of improving the rated capacity of the soluble conductor and enabling the prompt melting of the soluble conductor, and a battery module incorporating the protective element.
  • a protection element according to the present invention is laminated on an insulating substrate, a heating resistor formed on the insulating substrate, and at least the heating resistor so as to cover the heating substrate.
  • the insulating member, the first and second electrodes stacked on the insulating substrate on which the insulating member is stacked, and the heating member are stacked on the insulating member so as to overlap the first and second electrodes.
  • a heating element extraction electrode electrically connected to the heating resistor on a current path between the two electrodes, and a laminate from the heating element extraction electrode to the first and second electrodes.
  • the central part is the heating element extraction electrode and the first And those which are formed thicker than the fusion portion between the second electrode.
  • the battery module according to the present invention includes a battery composed of one or more chargeable / dischargeable battery cells, a charge / discharge control circuit that is connected in series with the battery and controls charge / discharge of the battery, the battery, and the battery.
  • a protection element connected on a charge / discharge current path between the charge / discharge control circuit, a detection circuit for detecting a voltage value of each battery cell of the battery, and a current control element for controlling a current flowing through the protection element;
  • the protective element includes an insulating substrate, a heating resistor stacked on the insulating substrate, an insulating member stacked on the insulating substrate so as to cover at least the heating resistor, and the insulating member stacked
  • the first and second electrodes stacked on the insulating substrate are stacked on the insulating member so as to overlap the heating resistor, and a current flow between the first and second electrodes is stacked.
  • the current control element is formed thicker than the fusing portion between the electrode and the first and second electrodes, and the voltage value of each battery cell detected by the detection circuit is out of a predetermined range. Control so that a current flows through the heating resistor.
  • the fusing characteristics can be maintained satisfactorily while improving the rating by lowering the resistance, improving the rating and fusing characteristics. Both maintenance can be achieved.
  • FIG. 1A is a cross-sectional view showing a protective element to which the present invention is applied
  • FIG. 1B is a plan view showing a cover member and a flux removed.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view for explaining a fusing portion of the soluble conductor.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing another protective element to which the present invention is applied.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing another protective element to which the present invention is applied.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing another protective element to which the present invention is applied.
  • FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram showing the battery module.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a circuit configuration of the protection element.
  • a protection element 10 to which the present invention is applied is formed on an insulating substrate 11, a heating resistor 14 laminated on the insulating substrate 11 and covered with an insulating member 15, and both ends of the insulating substrate 11. Electrodes 12 (A 1) and 12 (A 2), a heating element extraction electrode 16 laminated on the insulating member 15 so as to overlap the heating resistor 14, and both ends of the electrodes 12 (A 1) and 12 (A 2) And a fusible conductor 13 having a central portion connected to the heating element extraction electrode 16.
  • the insulating substrate 11 is formed in a substantially square shape using an insulating member such as alumina, glass ceramics, mullite, zirconia, and the like.
  • the insulating substrate 11 may be made of a material used for a printed wiring board such as a glass epoxy board or a phenol board, but it is necessary to pay attention to the temperature when the fuse is blown.
  • the heating resistor 14 is a conductive member that has a relatively high resistance value and generates heat when energized, and is made of, for example, W, Mo, Ru, or the like. These alloys, compositions, or compound powders are mixed with a resin binder or the like to form a paste on the insulating substrate 11 by patterning using a screen printing technique and firing.
  • the insulating member 15 is disposed so as to cover the heating resistor 14, and the heating element extraction electrode 16 is disposed so as to face the heating resistor 14 through the insulating member 15.
  • an insulating member 15 may be laminated between the heating resistor 14 and the insulating substrate 11.
  • One end of the heating element extraction electrode 16 is connected to the heating element electrode 18 (P1).
  • the other end of the heating resistor 14 is connected to the other heating element electrode 18 (P2).
  • the fusible conductor 13 is made of a low-melting-point metal that is quickly melted by the heat generated by the heating resistor 14.
  • solder containing Pb as a main component or Pb-free solder containing Sn as a main component can be suitably used.
  • the soluble conductor 13 may be a laminate of a low melting point metal and a high melting point metal such as Ag, Cu, or an alloy containing these as a main component.
  • a soluble conductor can be used even if the reflow temperature exceeds the melting temperature of the low melting point metal layer and the low melting point metal melts. 13 does not lead to fusing.
  • a soluble conductor 13 may be formed by depositing a low melting point metal on a high melting point metal by using a plating technique, or may be formed by using another known lamination technique or film forming technique. .
  • the fusible conductor 13 can be solder-connected to the heating element extraction electrode 16 and the electrodes 12 (A1) and 12 (A2) using a low melting point metal constituting the outer layer.
  • the protective element 10 may apply the flux 17 on the soluble conductor 13 in order to prevent oxidation of the low melting point metal layer 13b as the outer layer.
  • the protective element 10 has a cover member 19 placed on the insulating substrate 11 to protect the inside.
  • the soluble conductor 13 to which the present invention is applied has a substantially plate shape, and is provided between the first and second electrodes 12 (A1) and 12 (A2) via a heating element extraction electrode 16. Connected over.
  • the fusible conductor 13 has a central portion 13a that overlaps the heating element extraction electrode 16 and a fusing portion 13b between the heating element extraction electrode 16 and the first and second electrodes 12 (A1) and 12 (A2). It is formed thicker than.
  • the center part 13a of the soluble conductor 13 is overlapped with the heating element extraction electrode 16 and is connected across the first and second electrodes 12 (A1) and 12 (A2).
  • the middle part in the longitudinal direction.
  • the fusible conductor 13 is connected between the heating element extraction electrode 16 and the electrodes 12 (A1) and 12 (A2), and is melted by self-heating (Joule heat) due to overcurrent or the heat of the heating resistor 14. Then, the heating element extraction electrode 16 and the electrodes 12 (A1) and 12 (A2) are fused. Thereby, the protection element 13 interrupts the current path.
  • the fusing part 13b of the fusible conductor 13 refers to a fusing point in the fusible conductor 13 connected between the heating element extraction electrode 16 and the electrodes 12 (A1) and 12 (A2). Specifically, it means between the heating element extraction electrode 16 and the electrode 12 (A1) and between the heating element extraction electrode 16 and the electrode 12 (A2).
  • the fusible conductor 13 By forming the central portion 13a to be thicker than the fusing portion 13b, the fusible conductor 13 can be reduced in resistance and the rating of the protective element 10 can be increased. Further, the fusible conductor 13 is formed so that the fusing part 13b is thin as before, so that the fusing characteristics between the heating element extraction electrode 16 and the electrodes 12 (A1) and 12 (A2) can be maintained well. it can.
  • the fusible conductor 13 also has both end portions 13c overlapping the first and second electrodes 12 (A1) and 12 (A2) thicker than the fusing portion 13b. By forming both end portions 13c thick, the fusible conductor 13 is further reduced in resistance, and the rating of the protection element 10 can be increased. Also in this case, the fusible conductor 13 has the fusing part 13b formed as thin as before, so that the fusing characteristics between the heating element extraction electrode 16 and the electrodes 12 (A1) and 12 (A2) are good. Can be maintained.
  • the soluble conductor 13 is formed thick by the center part 13a and the both ends 13c projecting upward covered with the cover member 19.
  • the soluble conductor 13 can hold
  • the fusible conductor 13 is provided with a flux 17 on the upper surface facing the cover member 19 to prevent oxidation of the fusible conductor 13 and to quickly wet and spread the molten conductor during heating.
  • the flux 17 is desirably held at the central portion 13a between the fusing portions 13b in order to cut the soluble conductor 13 at both fusing portions 13b.
  • the soluble conductor 13 can hold
  • the fusible conductor 13 can be formed in a cross-sectional triangular shape, a cross-sectional trapezoidal shape, a columnar shape, a hollow cylindrical shape, or the like, as long as the central portion 13a protrudes upward from the fusing portion. .
  • the fusible conductor 13 may have the central portion 13 a and both end portions 13 c projected to the lower surface side opposite to the upper surface facing the cover member 19. In this case, the effect of holding the flux 17 by the central portion 13a cannot be expected, but the resistance can be reduced by forming it thick. Moreover, the soluble conductor 13 may protrude the center part 13a and both ends 13c on both the upper surface facing the cover member 19 and the lower surface on the opposite side.
  • Such a soluble conductor 13 can be manufactured by, for example, pressing or cutting a plate-shaped low melting point metal into the above-described predetermined shape.
  • the soluble conductor 13 can be manufactured by casting a plate-like low melting point metal into a predetermined shape or using other known manufacturing methods.
  • the soluble conductor 13 may be formed thick by laminating a conductive material 40 on the central portion 13a and both end portions 13c.
  • the conductive material 40 is formed by, for example, plating or laminating metal foil.
  • the number of conductive materials 40 is not limited, but when a material that is difficult to oxidize, such as gold plating, is laminated, it is possible to prevent the soluble conductor 13 from deteriorating due to the aging of the protective element 10 and to improve the reliability. it can.
  • the conductive material 40 may use a metal having a melting point lower than that of the soluble conductor 13.
  • the fusible conductor 13 is blown using the erosion action of the low melting point metal at the time of fusing, and the current path can be cut off more quickly.
  • the fusible conductor 13 has a central portion 13 a or both end portions 13 c, as a conductive material 40, a metal paste such as a silver paste or a gold paste, a solder paste, or the like over one or more layers. By applying, it may be formed thick. According to this manufacturing method, it is possible to increase the thickness by simply applying a metal paste or the like on the soluble conductor 13, and the soluble conductor 13 can be manufactured by a simple process. At this time, a metal having a melting point lower than that of the soluble conductor 13 may be used as the conductive material 40.
  • the soluble conductor 13 may have a void 41 formed inside a thick central portion 13 a and both end portions 13 c.
  • the solder paste is applied on the first and second electrodes 12 (A1) and 12 (A2) of the insulating substrate 11, the organic components in the paste are vaporized at a high temperature such as a reflow process.
  • a void 41 is formed between the soluble conductor 13 and the heating element extraction electrode 16 and the electrodes 12 (A1) and 12 (A2).
  • the soluble conductor 13 is easily deformed at a high temperature, and when the void 41 is formed, the portion where the void 41 is formed bulges upward.
  • the central portion 13a protrudes toward the cover member 19 so that the flux 17 can be held on the central portion 13a.
  • the soluble conductor 13 does not require the special process which forms the center part 13a thickly, and can form the center part 13a thickly by the conventional process.
  • the protection element 10 described above is used in a circuit in a battery pack 20 of a lithium ion secondary battery.
  • the protective element 10 is used by being incorporated in a battery pack 20 having a battery stack 25 composed of battery cells 21 to 24 of a total of four lithium ion secondary batteries.
  • the battery pack 20 includes a battery stack 25, a charge / discharge control circuit 30 that controls charging / discharging of the battery stack 25, a protection element 10 to which the present invention that cuts off charging when the battery stack 25 is abnormal, and each battery cell.
  • a detection circuit 26 for detecting voltages 21 to 24 and a current control element 27 for controlling the operation of the protection element 10 according to the detection result of the detection circuit 26 are provided.
  • the battery stack 25 is a series of battery cells 21 to 24 that need to be controlled to protect against overcharge and overdischarge states, and is detachable via the positive terminal 20a and the negative terminal 20b of the battery pack 20. Are connected to the charging device 35, and a charging voltage from the charging device 35 is applied thereto.
  • the electronic device can be operated by connecting the positive electrode terminal 20a and the negative electrode terminal 20b of the battery pack 20 charged by the charging device 35 to the electronic device operated by the battery.
  • the charge / discharge control circuit 30 includes two current control elements 31 and 32 connected in series to a current path flowing from the battery stack 25 to the charging device 35, and a control unit 33 that controls operations of the current control elements 31 and 32. Is provided.
  • the current control elements 31 and 32 are configured by, for example, field effect transistors (hereinafter referred to as FETs), and control the gate voltage by the control unit 33 to control conduction and interruption of the current path of the battery stack 25. .
  • FETs field effect transistors
  • the control unit 33 operates by receiving power supply from the charging device 35, and according to the detection result by the detection circuit 26, when the battery stack 25 is overdischarged or overcharged, current control is performed so as to cut off the current path. The operation of the elements 31 and 32 is controlled.
  • Protective element 10 is connected, for example, on a charge / discharge current path between battery stack 25 and charge / discharge control circuit 30, and its operation is controlled by current control element 27.
  • the detection circuit 26 is connected to each of the battery cells 21 to 24, detects the voltage value of each of the battery cells 21 to 24, and supplies the voltage value to the control unit 33 of the charge / discharge control circuit 30.
  • the detection circuit 26 outputs a control signal for controlling the current control element 27 when any one of the battery cells 21 to 24 becomes an overcharge voltage or an overdischarge voltage.
  • the current control element 27 is constituted by, for example, an FET, and when the voltage value of the battery cells 21 to 24 exceeds a predetermined overdischarge or overcharge state by a detection signal output from the detection circuit 26, the protection element 10 is operated to control the charge / discharge current path of the battery stack 25 to be cut off regardless of the switch operation of the current control elements 31 and 32.
  • the protection element 10 to which the present invention is applied has a circuit configuration as shown in FIG. That is, the protective element 10 generates heat by melting the soluble conductor 13 by causing the soluble conductor 13 connected in series via the heating element lead electrode 16 and the connection point of the soluble conductor 13 to generate heat.
  • the fusible conductor 13 is connected in series on the charge / discharge current path, and the heating resistor 14 is connected to the current control element 27.
  • One of the two electrodes 12 of the protection element 10 is connected to A1, and the other is connected to A2.
  • the heating element extraction electrode 16 and the heating element electrode 18 connected thereto are connected to P1, and the other heating element electrode 18 is connected to P2.
  • the protective element 10 having such a circuit configuration can surely melt the soluble conductor 13 on the current path by the heat generated by the heating resistor 14.
  • the protection element of the present invention is not limited to use in a battery pack of a lithium ion secondary battery, and can of course be applied to various uses that require interruption of a current path by an electric signal.
  • the protection element 10 using the soluble conductor 13 to which the present invention is applied and the protection element using the conventional soluble conductor are prepared, and the resistance value and flux retention of each soluble conductor.
  • the heating fusing time was measured and evaluated.
  • a 6 mm ⁇ 4 mm alumina ceramic substrate (thickness 0.5 mm) was used as an insulating substrate, and after printing an Ag—Pd paste on the surface, firing was performed at 850 ° C. for 30 minutes. First and second electrodes, a pair of heating element electrodes, and a heating element extraction electrode were formed. A ruthenium oxide resistance paste was printed between the first and second electrodes and baked at 850 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a heating resistor. The pattern resistance value of the heating resistor is 1 ⁇ .
  • the thickness of the central part on the heating element extraction electrode and the both end parts on the first and second electrodes is 0.15 mm by pressing, and the first electrode and the heating element extraction are performed.
  • the thickness of the fusing part between the electrodes and between the second electrode and the heating element extraction electrode was formed to 0.10 mm.
  • the fusible conductor according to Example 2 is the same as Example 1 except that the thickness of the central part and both end parts is 0.13 mm.
  • the fusible conductor according to Example 3 is the same as Example 1 except that the thickness of the center and both ends is 0.12 mm.
  • the fusible conductor according to Example 4 is the same as Example 1 except that the thickness of the central portion and both end portions is 0.11 mm.
  • the thickness was 0.15 mm, and the fusing part was 0.10 mm.
  • the fusible conductor according to Example 7 is placed between the first and second electrodes, and then heated in an oven at 220 ° C. for 2 minutes, so that the diameter is increased in the center and both ends.
  • a 0.05 mm void was generated to a thickness of 0.15 mm, and the melted portion was set to 0.10 mm.
  • the fusible conductor according to Comparative Example 1 was a flat structure having a central portion, both end portions and a fusing portion of 0.10 mm.
  • the fusible conductor according to Comparative Example 2 has a flat structure with a center portion, both end portions and a fusing portion of 0.15 mm.
  • the resistance value, flux retention, and heat fusing time of the soluble conductors according to the above examples and comparative examples were measured and evaluated.
  • the flux retention of the fusible conductor 100 protection elements according to the examples and comparative examples are manufactured, respectively, and the cover member is removed and the flux remains in the vicinity of the central portion, or one or the other of the fusible conductors , Or both.
  • the fusing time of the fusible conductor according to the example and the comparative example is a time from when the heating resistor having a rating of 3 W is energized to generate heat until the fusing part is blown.
  • the fusible conductor according to Comparative Example 1 is formed with the same thickness (0.10 mm) over the central portion, both end portions, and the melted portion, and therefore has a high resistance value of 20 m ⁇ , and is rated as a protective element It is difficult to improve. Moreover, since the thick central part is not provided, the flux applied on the soluble conductor was flowing in 10% of the protective elements according to Comparative Example 1.
  • the fusible conductor according to Comparative Example 2 is formed with the same thickness (0.15 mm) across the center, both ends, and the fusing portion, the resistance value is as low as 10 m ⁇ , but conversely the heating fusing time It became 40 seconds long.
  • Comparative Example 2 since the thick central portion was not provided, 5% of the protective elements had flux applied on the soluble conductor.
  • the fusible conductor can achieve both the improvement of the rating due to the low resistance and the fusing characteristics by forming at least the central part thick.
  • Example 4 As shown in Examples 1 to 4, when the thickness at the center and both ends is reduced, the resistance value of the fusible conductor increases, but the fusing time is shortened. Further, as shown in Example 4, it can be seen that flux flow can be suppressed as compared with Comparative Example 1 if the central part is formed with a thickness of 0.01 mm from the fusing part.
  • Example 5 From Example 5, it can be seen that the heat fusing time can be shortened as compared to Example 1 by laminating a metal foil made of a metal having a melting point lower than that of the soluble conductor. This is because the low melting point metal erodes the soluble conductor.
  • Example 6 the metal paste slightly flowed to the fusing part side, it was difficult to maintain the shape, and the resistance value slightly increased.
  • the heat fusing time can be shortened by using a metal paste having a melting point lower than that of the soluble conductor as the metal paste.
  • Example 7 since a void was inherent, a reduction in resistance could not be realized, but the flux flow could be suppressed and the heat fusing time was short.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un élément de protection destiné à améliorer la capacité nominale d'un conducteur soluble et à rendre une fusion rapide du conducteur soluble possible. L'élément de protection comprend un substrat isolant (11), une résistance chauffante (14) formée sur le substrat isolant (11), un élément isolant (15) destiné à recouvrir la résistance chauffante (14), une première et une seconde électrode (12) stratifiées sur le substrat isolant (11), une électrode d'extraction d'élément chauffant (16) raccordée électriquement à la résistance chauffante (14) sur le trajet de courant entre les première et seconde électrodes (12) et stratifiée sur l'élément isolant 15) de sorte à recouvrir la résistance chauffante (14), un conducteur soluble (13) destiné à fusionner le trajet de courant entre les première et seconde électrodes à l'aide de la chaleur et stratifié depuis l'électrode d'extraction d'élément chauffant (16) jusqu'aux première et seconde électrodes (12), ainsi qu'un élément de revêtement destiné à recouvrir le substrat isolant (11). En outre, le conducteur soluble (13) est formé de telle manière qu'une section centrale (13a) de ce dernier qui recouvre l'électrode d'extraction d'élément chauffant (16), soit plus épaisse qu'une section de fusion (13b) entre l'électrode d'extraction d'élément chauffant (16) et les première et seconde électrodes.
PCT/JP2014/050525 2014-01-15 2014-01-15 Élément de protection et module de batterie WO2015107633A1 (fr)

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PCT/JP2014/050525 WO2015107633A1 (fr) 2014-01-15 2014-01-15 Élément de protection et module de batterie

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Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013229295A (ja) * 2012-03-29 2013-11-07 Dexerials Corp 保護素子

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013229295A (ja) * 2012-03-29 2013-11-07 Dexerials Corp 保護素子

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