WO2015107179A1 - Applicateur très peu invasif pour dosimétrie de rayonnement in situ - Google Patents

Applicateur très peu invasif pour dosimétrie de rayonnement in situ Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015107179A1
WO2015107179A1 PCT/EP2015/050847 EP2015050847W WO2015107179A1 WO 2015107179 A1 WO2015107179 A1 WO 2015107179A1 EP 2015050847 W EP2015050847 W EP 2015050847W WO 2015107179 A1 WO2015107179 A1 WO 2015107179A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
radiation sensitive
sensitive medium
applicator
dose
radiation
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2015/050847
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English (en)
Inventor
Emiliano D'AGOSTINO
Jeroen HERMANS
Original Assignee
Dosevue Nv
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dosevue Nv filed Critical Dosevue Nv
Publication of WO2015107179A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015107179A1/fr

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/02—Dosimeters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1048—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1048—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods
    • A61N5/1071—Monitoring, verifying, controlling systems and methods for verifying the dose delivered by the treatment plan
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
    • G01T1/161—Applications in the field of nuclear medicine, e.g. in vivo counting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
    • A61N5/1001—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy using radiation sources introduced into or applied onto the body; brachytherapy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of radiation dosimetry. More specifically it relates to systems and methods for minimally invasive in-situ radiation dosimetry, in particular for in vivo dosimetry within or nearby the irradiated tissue and to a device used in said system and method.
  • Prior art approaches to on-line in-vivo dosimetry e.g. making use of diodes, MOSFET's (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor), diamond detectors, TLD's (Thermoluminescent Dosimeter) or scintillators, perform a dose measurement at the level of the skin while a measurement in-situ, e.g. at the level of the tumor, would be preferable.
  • Certain methods are known in the radiotherapy field which enable an in-situ dose assessment using dosimeters that are implanted or inserted into cavities.
  • US2011/121188 discloses a system which comprises internally positioning single-use MOSFET dosimeters in a patient's body to evaluate the radiation dose delivered during a medical procedure or treatment session.
  • the related patent application US2004/236207 discloses positioning single- use adhesive dosimeter patches just onto the skin of a patient. Therefore, the dosage of energy that is planned for, often cannot be measured, determined or monitored very accurately, in the tumor itself or in the surrounding tissues.
  • WO2013/034709 discloses a system for measuring a radiation dose in and around a tumor, during radiotherapy. The system uses gas- filled microbubbles as radio-sensitive agents which undergo measurable and quantifiable changes under the influence of radiation. The quantitative measurements are performed by means of echography.
  • the radiation sensitive microbubbles are systemically administered to the body by injection and distributed with the bloodstream.
  • the gas-filled microbubbles may be adapted to comprise at least a binding site to direct them preferentially to the tumor tissue, e.g. by attaching them to a tumor-specific target, e.g. tumor antigen.
  • US2010/0176343A1 there is described a system for in vivo dosimetry, using energy- transfer nanocomposite materials, which upon irradiation with ionizing irradiation scintillate, emitting luminescence in a particular wavelength interval.
  • the emitted light can be captured and its intensity used as a measure of the intensity of the ionizing irradiation.
  • the nanocomposite materials are injected into the tumor or into a blood vessel that supplies the tumor with blood. Occasionally, the nanoparticles can be targeted to the tumor tissue using tumor specific ligands.
  • EPR Electron Paramagnetic Resonance
  • the present invention provides a system for measuring a radiation dose received by a pre-determined body part, e.g. a pre-determined part of the body, such as a body of a human or animal subject.
  • a pre-determined body part e.g. a pre-determined part of the body, such as a body of a human or animal subject.
  • the pre-determined body part may comprise a tissue volume corresponding to an irradiation target volume in an irradiation treatment plan specifically drawn up for the human or animal subject.
  • the system comprises a) an applicator adapted for being introduced in said predetermined body part or for being placed in the neighborhood of said predetermined body part, e.g. for contacting the pre-determined body part.
  • the applicator comprises a radiation sensitive medium in a confined volume, e.g. the applicator may comprise a confined volume of a radiation sensitive medium.
  • the radiation sensitive medium is adapted for undergoing a measurable and quantifiable physical and/or chemical change under the influence of ionizing irradiation, for example at least partially caused by ionizing radiation or at least partially induced by ionizing radiation, e.g. at least partially determined by an amount of ionizing radiation locally received in said medium.
  • This radiation sensitive medium may for example be substantially homogeneously and/or uniformly distributed over the confined volume, e.g. homogeneously and/or uniformly distributed over the confined volume.
  • the radiation sensitive medium may advantageously enable measurements to be performed in a spatially continuous fashion over one, two or three spatial dimensions, in which the radiation sensitive medium may allow the selection of a spatial resolution of such measurements independently of the medium, but for example, only by the detector system.
  • the system also comprises b) a detector system for measuring of, e.g. for the mapping and quantification of, the physical and/or chemical change within the radiation sensitive medium by sending an energy wave to the radiation sensitive medium and capturing a signal emitted therefrom, e.g. in response to said energy wave.
  • the signal may be generated by attenuation, diffraction, refraction, reflection, phase modulation, frequency modulation, excitation and/or other form of transformation of the energy wave in the radiation sensitive medium such as to convey information about the physical and/or chemical change in the properties of this signal.
  • the detector system may be adapted for generating a responsive signal which relates to the dose of ionizing irradiation received in each part of the radiation sensitive medium.
  • the detector system may advantageously enable the acquisition of spatial measurements in a spatially continuous fashion over one, two or three dimensions, e.g. the acquisition of a voxelized volume, a pixelized plane or a pixelized line of spatial measurements, in which the spatial resolution may be independent of the properties of the radiation sensitive medium.
  • the spatial resolution may even be selected after the physical and/or chemical change within the radiation sensitive medium under the influence of irradiation has occurred.
  • the system also comprises c) a control unit which is adapted for processing the signal captured by the detector system and for calculating a dose of ionizing radiation previously or simultaneously received by each part of the volume of the radiation sensitive medium taking said signal into account, e.g. on the basis of said response signal.
  • Received by each part of the volume may for example refer to in at least two distinct regions of the confined volume, e.g. in a plurality of locations in said confined volume, for example in a plurality of spatial voxels in said confined volume.
  • the applicator may comprise a catheter, a balloon or two concentric balloons.
  • the radiation sensitive medium may comprise a suspension of superheated droplets.
  • the superheated droplets are encapsulated by a polymeric shell.
  • he superheated droplets may be in a stable and/or metastable state.
  • the radiation sensitive medium may comprise a suspension of gas-filled microbubbles.
  • the detector system may comprise a CT scanner or an ultrasound scanner.
  • the radiation sensitive medium may comprise a luminescent material, for example an optically stimulated luminescence material or a thermoluminescent material.
  • the radiation sensitive medium may be a substantially undoped or a doped form of such luminescent material.
  • the radiation sensitive medium may comprise AL2O3, AL.2C>3:C, BeO, MgO, feldspar and/or LiF.
  • the radiation sensitive medium may comprise a scintillator material, such as for example Csl, BaF2 or Nal.
  • the radiation sensitive medium may be a substantially undoped or a doped form of such scintillator material.
  • the radiation sensitive medium may comprise a radioluminescent material, e.g. a radioluminescent glass material.
  • the radiation sensitive medium may comprise a radiochromic material, e.g. polidiacethilene or leucomalachite green.
  • the radiation sensitive medium may be adapted for nondestructive readout, e.g. the sending an energy wave to the radiation sensitive medium and capturing a signal emitted therefrom in response to said energy wave may be repeated in order to obtain a plurality of measurements of the physical and/or chemical change within the radiation sensitive medium relating to the same physical and/or chemical change in the same or in overlapping measurement volumes.
  • the radiation sensitive medium adapted for nondestructive readout may comprise AL2O3 or a radioluminescent glass material suitable for non-destructive readout.
  • the spatial resolution of the measurements can be adjusted, e.g. to a higher resolution, for a second readout after a first readout resulted in inaccurate measurements, for example due to a high radiation dose gradients in or near a particular volume of interest.
  • the detector system may be specifically adapted for reading out the predetermined radiation sensitive medium in a plurality of positions along at least a first spatial dimension, e.g. in two dimensions or in three dimensions.
  • the detector system may comprise a magnetic resonance imaging system, a computed tomography system, an echography system, an optical stimulation and optical readout system, a thermal stimulation and optical readout system, and/or an optical imaging system.
  • the present invention provides a method for measuring a dose of ionizing irradiation received by a pre-determined body part during radiotherapy.
  • the method comprises:
  • the present invention provides an applicator for being introduced into or being placed in the neighborhood of a pre-determined body part to be irradiated, whereby said applicator comprises a confined volume of a radiation sensitive medium adapted for undergoing a measurable physical and/or chemical change under the influence of ionizing irradiation, said radiation sensitive medium furthermore being adapted for emitting a signal when elicited by a pre-determined energy wave directed at the radiation sensitive medium, said signal having characteristics that reflect said physical and/or chemical change.
  • the applicator according to embodiments of the present invention may comprise a catheter, a balloon or two concentric balloons.
  • the applicator may be specifically adapted for a pre-determined patient, said applicator having a shape and/or composition taking information obtained from tomographic images of said pre-determined patient into account.
  • said applicator may furthermore be manufactured by additive manufacturing techniques.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a system for measuring a radiation dose received by a pre-determined body part, e.g. a pre-determined part of the body, such as a body of a human or animal subject.
  • a pre-determined body part e.g. a pre-determined part of the body, such as a body of a human or animal subject.
  • the system comprises a) an applicator adapted for being introduced in said predetermined body part or for being placed in the neighborhood of said predetermined body part.
  • the applicator comprises a radiation sensitive medium in a confined volume.
  • the radiation sensitive medium is adapted for undergoing a measurable and quantifiable physical and/or chemical change under the influence of ionizing irradiation.
  • the system also comprises b) a detector system for measuring of the physical and/or chemical change within the radiation sensitive medium by sending an energy wave to the radiation sensitive medium and capturing a signal emitted therefrom.
  • the detector system may be adapted for generating a responsive signal which relates to the dose of ionizing irradiation received in each part of the radiation sensitive medium.
  • the system furthermore comprises c) a control unit which is adapted for processing the signal captured by the detector system and for calculating a dose of ionizing radiation previously or simultaneously received by each part of the volume of the radiation sensitive medium taking said signal into account, e.g. on the basis of said response signal.
  • the radiation sensitive medium may for example be substantially homogeneously and/or uniformly distributed over the confined volume, e.g. homogeneously and/or uniformly distributed over the confined volume.
  • the radiation sensitive medium may advantageously enable measurements to be performed in a spatially continuous fashion over one, two or three spatial dimensions, in which the radiation sensitive medium may allow the selection of a spatial resolution of such measurements independently of the medium, but for example, only by the detector system.
  • the applicator containing the radiation sensitive medium may be a linear catheter or a flexible balloon which adapts itself to the geometry of a natural or surgically created cavity.
  • concentric inflatable balloons may be used, whereby the radiation sensitive medium may be advantageously filled into the space between the concentric balloons.
  • spacing elements may be introduced between the two balloons. These spacing elements may e.g. take the form of a raster or open tissue inserted between the balloons or they may take the form of dots or lines attached to or emanating from the outer surface of the inner balloon or the inner surface of the outer balloon.
  • the balloons may be connected with a tube or catheter, which allows filling the balloon or the space between the concentric balloons with the radiation sensitive medium upon insertion into the cavity.
  • An applicator in the form of a catheter may be inserted in the tissue, in a minimally invasive way. It can be positioned within a tumor to be irradiated or in or on surrounding tissue. Irradiation may be applied from an external source (external radiotherapy) or from radioactive seeds or needles which are placed within the tumor (brachytherapy). Especially with brachytherapy it is important to dispose of means to measure the steep radiation gradients at a relatively small distance from the radioactive seeds or needles. In contrast to existing technologies, e.g.
  • the system according to the current invention allows a spatially continuous measurement over a distance along the dosimetric catheter.
  • MOSFETS Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors
  • the catheters can be introduced directly into the tissue - in which case they are preferably made of rigid material, or they can be introduced through a hollow needle.
  • the dimensions may be selected such that the insertion of the catheter can be done in a minimally invasive way.
  • Balloons as used in the system according to embodiments of the invention can be inserted into a cavity created upon surgical removal of a tumor (e.g. in breast tumor surgery) during intraoperative radiotherapy (IO T) or brachytherapy of the breast. They can also be inserted in a natural cavity in the neighborhood of a tumor during radiotherapy, for example in the rectum during radiotherapy of the prostate or in the vagina in case of radiotherapy of the bladder.
  • the balloons can be pre-filled with the radiation sensitive medium before insertion. However, in particular instances, it may be preferable to insert the balloon in empty folded form, which requires a smaller opening to reach the target cavity. The radiation sensitive medium is then introduced upon placement of the balloon through a tube or catheter connected with it.
  • concentric balloons they may again be inserted in expanded form or, preferably, in folded form, whereby the radiation sensitive medium is contained within the space between the two balloons.
  • the inner balloon can be expanded by filling it under appropriate pressure with a gas or a liquid, e.g. air or water, through a tube or catheter connected to the inner balloon.
  • a gas or a liquid e.g. air or water
  • the space between the two balloons can be empty at the time of insertion and subsequently filled with the radiation sensitive medium.
  • the radioactive seeds or needles can be fixated to the applicator before insertion, in order to easily achieve an optimal location with respect to the tissue volume to be irradiated.
  • applicators can be shaped according to the needs of individual patients. For example, 3D printing technology may be used to produce patient specific applicators. This personalized applicator can be casted starting from a 3D segmentation performed on patients CT or M I images. The 3D segmented volume may then for example be converted into a CAD model that is used as input for a 3D printer. Such CAD model can be complemented with spaces for introducing radioactive sources. Also, all around the 3D model, a coating of radiation sensitive material is foreseen is order to generate, upon insertion of the radioactive sources in the applicator, a full, continuous 2D dose map, all around applicators.
  • the applicators may be preferably made of materials that are acceptable for being brought in contact with living tissue, e.g. the applicator may comprise at least one biocompatible material. At least the outer side of the applicators may be non-irritating and non-toxic, especially when they are intended to be brought in contact with living tissue, e.g. upon insertion of a catheter in a tumor or surrounding tissue or of a balloon in a surgical cavity.
  • the radiation sensitive medium is a fluid.
  • the fluid is a liquid or semi-liquid substance (e.g. a saline solution, water or a gel or other liquid) in which a radiation sensitive material is dispersed or dissolved.
  • radiation sensitive materials for the purpose of this invention may be used materials which undergo quantifiable physical or chemical changes under the influence of ionizing radiation, including gamma radiation, X-rays, alpha particles, neutrons, beta particles and charged particles in general.
  • the physical and/or chemical properties of the medium are modified in such a way that these changes can be recorded noninvasive ⁇ is situ, using e.g. a clinical ultrasound system and/or a clinical digital radiography system ( or a CT scanner) or an M I scanner.
  • the catheter and or/or the balloon(s) can be extracted and analyzed ex-vivo, using for instance optical tomography.
  • emulsions are composed of supercritical droplets composed of a liquid with a relatively low boiling point, such as a perfluorocarbon.
  • the supercritical droplets evaporate when triggered by an external energy contributing event, such as ionizing radiation (such as X-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, alpha and beta particles etc.) and the change can be measured by means of a CT scanner ("Viability of 2D neutron-sensitive superheated emulsions for active cargo interrogation", F. d'Errico and A. Di Fulvio, ENEA report RdS/2011/173).
  • ionizing radiation such as X-rays, gamma rays, neutrons, alpha and beta particles etc.
  • the superheated droplets may be suspended as such in a gel medium or they may be encapsulated by a surfactant or polymeric shell, such as e.g. dextran or hyaluronic acid.
  • a surfactant or polymeric shell such as e.g. dextran or hyaluronic acid.
  • the droplets may be in a stable or in a metastable state.
  • gas-filled microparticles as described in PCT/EP2012/067539, which is incorporated herein by reference, are used.
  • the physical and chemical properties of the microparticles undergo changes which can be detected and quantified by means of ultrasound.
  • said parameters comprise one or more parameters selected from the group consisting of phase velocity, attenuation and nonlinearity.
  • Measurements are performed by directing an energy wave that comprises emitting an ultrasonic or RF wave and detecting a response signal comprises detecting and quantifying the ultrasonic or RF response signal.
  • the radiation sensitive medium may comprise a luminescent material, for example an optically stimulated luminescence material or a thermoluminescent material.
  • the radiation sensitive medium may be a substantially undoped or a doped form of such luminescent material.
  • the radiation sensitive medium may comprise AL2O3, AL.2C>3:C, BeO, MgO, feldspar and/or LiF.
  • the radiation sensitive medium may comprise a scintillator material, such as for example Csl, BaF2 or Nal.
  • the radiation sensitive medium may be a substantially undoped or a doped form of such scintillator material.
  • the radiation sensitive medium may comprise a radioluminescent material, e.g. a radioluminescent glass material.
  • the radiation sensitive medium may comprise a radiochromic material, e.g. polidiacethilene or leucomalachite green.
  • Determining the radiation dose may include determining a spatial distribution, e.g. a linear, planar and/or a volumetric distribution, of the radiation dose.
  • the radiation sensitive medium may be adapted for nondestructive readout, e.g. the sending an energy wave to the radiation sensitive medium and capturing a signal emitted therefrom in response to the energy wave may be repeated in order to obtain a plurality of measurements of the physical and/or chemical change within the radiation sensitive medium relating to the same physical and/or chemical change in the same or in overlapping measurement volumes.
  • the radiation sensitive medium adapted for nondestructive readout may comprise AL2O3 or a radioluminescent glass material suitable for non-destructive readout.
  • the spatial resolution of the measurements can be adjusted, e.g. to a higher resolution, for a second readout after a first readout resulted in inaccurate measurements, for example due to a high radiation dose gradients in or near a particular volume of interest.
  • the detector system may be specifically adapted for reading out the predetermined radiation sensitive medium in a plurality of positions along at least a first spatial dimension, e.g. in two dimensions or in three dimensions.
  • the detector system may comprise a magnetic resonance imaging system, a computed tomography system, an echography system, an optical stimulation and optical readout system, a thermal stimulation and optical readout system, and/or an optical imaging system.
  • the control unit may be equipped for, e.g. adapted for or configured for, calculating a dose of ionizing radiation received throughout the volume of the radiation sensitive medium.
  • the control unit may capture the response signal received or generated by the detection system and may transform it in a numerical or graphical dataset which reflects the dose of irradiation received at different locations within the volume of the radiation sensitive medium contained in the applicator. By comparing the dose determined this way and comparing it with the treatment protocol, adaptations can be made which allow optimization of the procedure.
  • the system according to embodiments of the invention has the advantage of providing a much more stable localization and concentration of the radiation sensitive material. Indeed, systemically injected particles are subject to, sometimes rapid, elimination or redistribution, necessitating repeated re- calibration. Moreover, unlike with injected materials, which remain in the body and are distributed in the systemic circulation, the applicators according to embodiments of the invention, e.g. catheters or balloons, can be easily removed after the procedure. Hence, safety concerns with respect to the materials used are minimal. Suitable biocompatible materials for constructing an applicator according to embodiments of the present invention, e.g.
  • catheters or balloons are amply available, such as, for example, polymers like polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethersulfone (PES), polyurethane (PU), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyethylene oxide (PEO) etc.
  • the radiation sensitive material itself may come at no point in time in contact with the living tissue and hence there may be less concerns with respect to their safety.
  • the system according to embodiments of the invention has the advantage that measurements can be performed in a spatially continuous and uninterrupted fashion in one, two or three dimensions. This allows the identification and quantification of radiation gradients within or near the tumor, along a line, over a given surface or within a three-dimensional volume. This is especially useful in combination with brachytherapy, where radiation gradients near the inserted seeds or needles can be very steep.
  • the cumulated effect of ionizing irradiation is measured.
  • the radiation sensitive medium itself acts as a memory that keeps a record of the total dose of irradiation received at any point in time.
  • the device may be kept in place only for a few minutes (as in IO T) or for several days (in brachytherapy).
  • dosimetry can be performed. This may be achieved by acquiring ultrasound images and/or radiography images of the radiation sensitive medium within the device and quantifying the change in attenuation (for example) obtained as a result of exposure of the radiation sensitive medium to ionizing irradiation. Dose measurements can be made along lines (e.g. using catheters), over a surface (e.g. using concentric balloons), or over sections or within volumes (e.g. using balloons).
  • the spatial resolution of the measurements may depend on the radiation sensitive material used and on the nature of the imaging device used, whereby the resolution of a CT scan is in general higher than that of ultrasound.
  • the spatial resolution of the measurements may be determined, e.g. selected, after irradiation of the sensitive medium.
  • the spatial resolution of the measurements may be substantially determined by the imaging device used, e.g. the influence of the radiation sensitive medium on the achievable spatial resolution may be negligible.
  • Differences between the actual delivered dose, as recorded by the device, and the calculated dose can therefore be detected and corrected in time. More specifically, for patients undergoing single IORT treatment with doses of about 20 Gy, online measurements can be foreseen in order to adapt the treatment where needed. For patients undergoing multiple fractions, receiving typically doses of about 5 Gy per fraction and twice a day, a close check can be performed after each fraction, so that the treatment can be adapted if needed. In this way a fully adaptive treatment can be achieved.
  • the invention comprises a method of measuring a dose of ionizing radiation received at a given location within or near tumor tissue, using a system as described hereinabove.
  • the invention comprises an applicator for use in radiation dosimetry as part of a system as described herein.
  • the applicator may be in the form of a catheter or a balloon filled with a radiation sensitive medium.
  • the radiation sensitive medium may comprise superheated droplets which under the influence of ionizing irradiation undergo a phase transition which can be measured by means of CT imaging.
  • the radiation sensitive medium may comprise gas-filled microbubbles which under the influence of ionizing irradiation undergo physical and/or chemical changes which can be measured by means of ultrasound imaging equipment.
  • the applicator has the form of a flexible balloon which is inserted into a surgical or natural cavity within or near irradiated tissue and contains a volume of a radiation sensitive medium.
  • the applicator has the form of two concentric balloons, whereby the space between the balloons is filled with a volume of a radiation sensitive medium.
  • the distance between the two concentric balloons is kept uniform by inserting between the concentric balloons a grid or open tissue.
  • the distance between the concentric balloons is kept constant by attaching arrays of dots or lines to the outside of the inner balloon or to the inside of the outer balloon.
  • the distance between the concentric balloons is kept constant by providing arrays of dots or lines as protuberances of the surface of one or both of the concentric balloons.
  • a tissue equivalent phantom is used in this example. Such phantom allows dose monitoring at different places/organs, upon external irradiation or insertion of one or more brachytherapy sources in the phantom.
  • a brachytherapy balloon applicator is inserted in the phantom, at the position of one of the critical organs (rectal wall for instance).
  • the balloon is filled with a viscous emulsion containing superheated droplets, with a radius in the order of 1 ⁇ .
  • the superheated droplets Upon exposure to radiation, the superheated droplets evaporate, generating gas bubbles inside the balloon.
  • the bubbles have a mean diameter of several ⁇ . As such they can be imaged using conventional clinical ultrasound scanners. Such bubbles are locally “freezed” by the viscous emulsion.
  • an ultrasound clinical scanner is used to perform imaging of the balloon.
  • the intensity of the backscattered signal, proportional to the bubbles concentration, gives information on the absorbed dose. This way a correct monitoring of the dose to critical organs can be carried out eventually resulting in an optimized treatment.
  • a tissue equivalent phantom is used also in this example. Such phantom allows dose monitoring at different places/organs, upon external irradiation or insertion of one or more brachytherapy sources in the phantom.
  • a continuous measurement along a line transversal to the direction of the sources are used.
  • one or more catheters are inserted, transversally to the sources.
  • the catheters are filled with a viscous gel, containing superheated droplets, with a radius in the order to 50 to 100 ⁇ .
  • a CT tomographic image of the phantom is acquired. On such image, bubbles are automatically segmented and then counted, voxel by voxel. The amount of bubbles per voxel gives the locally absorbed dose.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système permettant de mesurer une dose de rayonnement ionisant reçue par une partie prédéterminée du corps lors d'une radiothérapie, le système comprenant un applicateur pouvant être introduit dans la partie du corps ou placé au voisinage de celle-ci. L'applicateur comprend un milieu sensible au rayonnement dans un volume confiné, le milieu étant capable de subir un changement physique et/ou chimique mesurable sous l'influence du rayonnement ionisant ; un système de détection servant à mesurer les changements physiques et/ou chimiques dans le milieu sensible au rayonnement, par l'émission d'une onde d'énergie vers le milieu sensible au rayonnement et la capture du signal émis par le milieu ; et une unité de contrôle conçue pour traiter le signal capturé par le système de détection et pour calculer une dose de rayonnement ionisant préalablement ou simultanément reçue par chaque partie du volume du milieu sensible au rayonnement en prenant en compte ledit signal. L'invention concerne également un procédé de mesure d'une dose de rayonnement ionisant reçue et des applicateurs comprenant un volume confiné d'un milieu sensible rayonnement permettant d'effectuer une dosimétrie in situ très peu invasive.
PCT/EP2015/050847 2014-01-19 2015-01-19 Applicateur très peu invasif pour dosimétrie de rayonnement in situ WO2015107179A1 (fr)

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GB1400856.9 2014-01-19
GB1400856.9A GB2522240A (en) 2014-01-19 2014-01-19 Minimally invasive applicator for in-situ radiation dosimetry

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018117300A1 (fr) * 2016-12-22 2018-06-28 서울대학교병원 Dosimètre oculaire et son procédé de fabrication
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