WO2015103781A1 - 凸极式磁导谐波电磁齿轮三相交流复合电机 - Google Patents

凸极式磁导谐波电磁齿轮三相交流复合电机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015103781A1
WO2015103781A1 PCT/CN2014/070495 CN2014070495W WO2015103781A1 WO 2015103781 A1 WO2015103781 A1 WO 2015103781A1 CN 2014070495 W CN2014070495 W CN 2014070495W WO 2015103781 A1 WO2015103781 A1 WO 2015103781A1
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Prior art keywords
stator
salient
pole
magnetic
phase
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PCT/CN2014/070495
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English (en)
French (fr)
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卢敏
余虹锦
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卢敏
余虹锦
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Priority to PCT/CN2014/070495 priority Critical patent/WO2015103781A1/zh
Publication of WO2015103781A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015103781A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00Machines with more than one rotor or stator

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a salient-pole magnetic harmonic electromagnetic gear three-phase alternating current composite motor, which is characterized in that a magnetic harmonic electromagnetic gear transmission is integrated with a conventional alternating current motor, and has two electric power ports and one mechanical port.
  • the port variable speed and torque converter motor is a variable speed transmission energy conversion device that realizes high speed mechanical energy, low speed and large torque mechanical energy, and mutual conversion of electric energy. It can be widely used in industrial robot servo drive, wind power generation, hydro power generation, and automobile electric drive. , oil drilling equipment drives, ship drives and other industrial transmission fields that require direct drive. Background technique
  • stator magnetic field that generates electromagnetic induction
  • the rotor magnetic field must be kept relatively stationary. This requires that the stator and rotor that make up the motor must maintain the same number of poles.
  • the motor In order to save raw materials, the motor is often designed as a high-speed motor with few poles, but many transmission fields often require low-speed and high-torque.
  • the output which makes conventional motors very limited in applications requiring a wide range of constant power speed regulation, must rely on mechanical gear shifting drive technology to achieve low speed, high torque output and constant power speed range requirements, thus The system has low transmission efficiency, high noise and poor reliability, and the entire transmission system is bulky.
  • the basic form of mechanical gear transmission technology has not changed for a long time, that is, it is always driven by the meshing of the two teeth of the mechanical gear pair.
  • the gear-gear transmission makes the multi-stage and step-speed governing mechanism that needs to be in a wider range of speeds complicated in structure, and cannot adapt to more and more infinitely variable transmission technology requirements.
  • the present invention breaks the number of poles of the rotating rotor and the stator pole must be kept equal to cause electromagnetic induction.
  • the fixed rotor magnetic field maintains a relatively static theoretical constraint, and the high-speed air-gap rotating magnetic field generated by energizing the stator three-phase winding is modulated by the salient pole of the magnetic waveguide rotor into a magnetic resonance harmonic of a specific frequency, and the magnetic harmonic is used.
  • New structure for new direct drive permanent magnet motors that directly drive low speed and high torque loads.
  • the basic idea of the invention is: Using the structural characteristics of the magnetic harmonic harmonic permanent magnet gear and the theory of the rotating electromagnetic field of the alternating current motor, the three-phase symmetrical alternating current winding is used to generate the high-speed rotating electromagnetic field by the three-phase sinusoidal alternating current to simulate the magnetic gear.
  • the high-speed permanent magnet drive pair uses the permanent magnet drive pair of the magnetic gear as a stationary component, and simulates the DC current through the static DC winding. The original position is between the two transmission wheel pairs.
  • the static magnetic flux guiding core forms a low-speed transmission pair as a moving component, thereby forming a dynamic magnetic permeability harmonic coupling structure between the high-speed rotating magnetic field and the stationary DC magnetic field, and obtaining the continuous torque of the salient-pole magnetic waveguide rotor. And the rotation works.
  • FIG. 11 The technical principle and structural characteristics of the salient-pole magnetic harmonic electromagnetic gear three-phase AC composite motor are respectively described with reference to FIG. 11 , FIG. 12 , FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 and FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. The three-phase AC winding item 2 is the DC excitation winding of the stator, item 3 is the stator core, item 4 is the stator casing, item 5 is the end cover I, item 6 is the bearing I, item 7 is the output shaft, item 8
  • the salient pole magnetic waveguide rotor core, item 9 is a squirrel-cage damper bar, item 10 is a conductive end ring, item 11 is a bearing II, item 12 is an end cap II, and item 13 is an inner stator support axis, item 14 is the high-speed transmission pair permanent magnet pole of the harmonic magnetic magnetic gear, and item 15 is the permanent magnet transmission pair permanent magnet pole of the harmonic magnetic magnetic gear; the symbol marks in the figure: Z b , n b , 73 ⁇ 4 respectively represent sal
  • A, B, and C represent the three phases of the stator winding, U dc , representing the DC excitation voltage and current, respectively.
  • U dc representing the DC excitation voltage and current
  • 3 denotes the air gap between the salient pole magneto-wave rotor and the stator
  • N, S respectively the permanent magnet polarity and the DC excitation current / the static magnetic field polarity generated.
  • Figure 11 and Figure 12 show the radial drive structure of two types of permeance harmonic magnetic gears.
  • the two types of magnetic gears satisfy the following structural relationship constraints:
  • a negative number less than zero in the above transmission relationship structure means that the direction of rotation and the direction of power transmission are opposite to each other; the high-speed transmission pair 14 having 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 4 poles in the above two figures is actually rotated at a speed of 7;
  • the magnetic field according to the AC motor theory, for this rotating magnetic field, we can completely simulate the three-phase symmetrical alternating current 1 of 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4 pole with a three-phase symmetric alternating current of frequency / s , i b , c ), Figure 13
  • the equivalent relationship between the high-speed transmission pair of the harmonic magnetic-conducting magnetic gear and the three-phase symmetrical alternating current of the stator of the AC motor is shown.
  • the new motor radial topology shown in Figure 2 we construct the new motor radial topology shown in Figure 2, and arrange the 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 4 pole three-phase AC winding 1 and the 2/3 ⁇ 4 pole DC excitation winding 2 to the AC motor stator core 3
  • the salient pole rotor with a salient pole magnetic wave number is constructed by using the salient pole rotor structure of the salient-pole synchronous motor.
  • the salient-pole magneto-wave rotor and the synchronous motor convex Like the pole rotor, there are two forms of damper winding and undamped winding; the stator and the rotor have a concentric radial distribution structure, and there is an air gap between them and are coupled by a radial air gap magnetic field, so that the structure is constructed to exceed
  • the conventional AC synchronous motor and AC asynchronous motor with the number of poles such as stator and rotor in fact, the stator and rotor magnetic field constitute the coupling structure of the magnetically conductive harmonic magnetic gear, so the motor has a fixed speed ratio deceleration function; when the motor is running, the stator iron
  • the three-phase stator winding 1 in the core 3 flows through a three-phase symmetrical alternating current, i b , i c ), which generates a high-speed rotating electromagnetic field having a pole number of 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4 and a rotational speed in the stator core 3 and the air gap.
  • the high-speed electromagnetic field will generate an electromagnetic moment r s; at the same time, a DC excitation current / will be input into the stator DC excitation winding 2, and a multipole number of static magnetic fields will be formed in the stator and the air gap, and the appropriate connection of the DC winding is used.
  • the static magnetic field forms a distribution pattern in which the N and S poles are arranged at intervals; selecting the appropriate number of salient poles of the magnetic waveguide rotor core 8 will obtain the salient pole magnetic waveguide rotor at the fixed permeation harmonic frequency to obtain the slave stator
  • the sustained torque ⁇ ⁇ transmitted by the high-speed electromagnetic field through the air gap, the fixed magnetic flux harmonic frequency corresponds to the rotational speed of the magnetic waveguide rotor / 3 ⁇ 4, and the magnitude of the output torque 73 ⁇ 4 can be adjusted by adjusting the magnitude of the DC excitation current / Thereby, the mechanical variable speed torque controllable transmission without mechanical contact and frictionless is realized.
  • the composite motor is divided into working modes: first, the clutch working mode and the asynchronous working mode in which the stator DC excitation winding is not energized:
  • the transmission relationship is completely decoupled due to the inability to form an effective magnetic field coupling between the stator and the rotor, and the salient-pole magnetic waveguide rotor with no damping structure will No rotation, this is the working state of the clutch; for a salient-pole magnetic waveguide rotor with a damped winding structure, the magnetic field coupling relationship between the stator and the rotor will be equivalent to that of the asynchronous motor, and the salient pole magnetic permeability The wave rotor will be in the working state of the asynchronous motor.
  • the two electric ports of the stator are input with electric power.
  • the working mode of the motor As shown in Fig. 1, when the stator winding 1 passes the alternating current, the stator air gap produces a rotating magnetic field with the rotational speed of s Since the DC magnetic field generated by the stator DC excitation winding 2 is a static magnetic field, a pair of magnetic gear pairs are formed between the stator rotating magnetic field and the salient-pole magnetic waveguide rotor, and the gear reduction transmission state is satisfied -
  • a negative number less than zero in the above transmission relationship structure means that the rotation direction and the power transmission direction are opposite to each other; obviously, the reduction ratio of the above motion state is fixed, and the motor at this time is actually in the gear reduction transmission working state.
  • the fixed speed ratio gear speed increase state generator working mode This is the reversible working mode of the motor working mode of the composite motor reducer drive. At this time, the motion synthesis transmission relationship and the power balance relationship are still valid, the difference is the stator DC power port input electric power. The mechanical power is input to the rotor mechanical port and the AC power is output from the stator AC port, which is just in the working state of the generator.
  • Salient-pole magnetic harmonic electromagnetic gear three-phase AC composite motor It is a three-port three-phase AC composite structure motor with two electric power ports and one mechanical power port; wherein one electric power port of the stator is connected with an external three-phase symmetric sine wave AC power through a stator three-phase lead-out line, and another electric power of the stator
  • the positive and negative poles of the port are respectively connected to the positive and negative poles of the external DC excitation power supply [/ dc ;
  • the external rotating mechanical load is connected through the output shaft 7 and the salient-pole magnetically conductive harmonic rotor core 8;
  • the output shaft 7 passes through the bearing 16
  • the bearing II 11 is respectively positioned and connected with the end cover 15 and the end cover II 12; the two end covers are respectively installed at the two ends of the casing 4 through the positioning of the stop; the composite motor is divided into: the stator DC port is not energized.
  • the working mode of the clutch and the asynchronous working mode, and the fixed electric ratio of the two electric ports of the stator are the gear ratio deceleration state electric correction page (Article 91)
  • the main transmission components of the three-phase AC composite motor that constitutes the salient-polar magnetic harmonic electromagnetic gear are: three-phase AC winding 1 with 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4 pole and stator with 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 4 pole DC excitation winding 2, with 3 ⁇ 4> salient pole magnets
  • the salient pole type magnetic waveguide wave rotor core 8 of the guided wave number satisfy the following constraints in the structural features and the working mode of the DC excitation winding 2 energization state:
  • the number of pole pairs of the three-phase AC winding 1 / 3 ⁇ 4, the number of stator wire grooves Z s , the number of pole pairs of the stator DC field winding 2 / 3 ⁇ 4 and the number of salient poles of the salient pole magnetic waveguide rotor core 8 are integers , and meet the geometric relationship constraints:
  • Z b p s ⁇ p d ⁇ /3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ /3 ⁇ 4 Z s /2 ;
  • the wave rotor speed / 3 ⁇ 4 and torque T b of the motor, the electromagnetic field speed and electromagnetic torque r s generated by the stator three-phase AC winding 1 and the stator three-phase alternating current frequency / s satisfy:
  • a negative number less than zero in the above transmission relationship structure means that the rotation direction and the torque transmission direction are opposite to each other;
  • the stator of the three-phase AC composite motor of the salient-pole magnetic harmonic electromagnetic gear has a concentric distribution structure between the stator and the salient-pole magnetic waveguide rotor core 8 with air gaps 3 and radial gas. Coupling magnetic field and coupling, the overall layout structure between the stator and the rotor is divided into two structural forms: First, the stator core 3 of the stator is mounted on the outer stator inner rotor structure of the rotor outer layer, and the second, the stator The stator core 3 is mounted to an inner stator outer rotor structure disposed in the inner layer of the rotor.
  • the present invention Compared with the conventional driving system composed of a common AC motor and a mechanical gear transmission, the present invention relates to a salient-pole magnetic harmonic electromagnetic gear three-phase AC composite motor having the following distinct advantages:
  • the size can conveniently realize the adjustment of the transmission torque ⁇ , that is, the transmission requirement of the continuously variable transmission can be realized in a large speed range, and the invention realizes the motion shifting by the decomposition modulation of the air gap rotating magnetic field, thereby avoiding many mechanical mechanisms.
  • the mechanical motion in the synthesis of the mutual interference drawbacks can directly cancel the conventional shifting clutch mechanism of the conventional mechanical shifting system, which has practical value for the infinitely variable speed realization of the hybrid electric vehicle, the electric vehicle and the electric motorcycle.
  • Fig. 1 is an axial sectional view of a three-phase AC composite motor with a damped structure of a convex-pole magnetic-magnetic harmonic gear of an external stator structure;
  • Figure 4 is an axial sectional view of the three-phase AC composite motor of the non-damped structure of the outer stator structure of the non-damped structure;
  • FIG. 8 is an axial cross-sectional view of a three-phase AC composite motor of an undamped structure of an inner stator structure
  • FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view of a three-dimensional structure of a salient-pole magnetic wave rotor having a damped structure
  • FIG. 10 is a perspective structural view of a salient-pole magnetic waveguide chute rotor without an damped structure
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the equivalent principle of the high-speed permanent magnet drive pair of the magnetic resonance harmonic magnetic gear and the three-phase stator energized winding of the motor;
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the equivalent principle of the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet drive and the DC energizing winding of the magnetic harmonic magnetic gear .
  • Item 1 is the three-phase AC winding of the stator
  • Item 2 is the DC excitation winding of the stator
  • Item 3 is the stator core
  • Item 4 is the stator casing
  • Item 5 is the end cover I
  • Item 6 is the bearing I
  • Item 7 is the output shaft
  • item 8 is the salient pole type magnetic waveguide rotor iron.
  • item 9 is a squirrel-cage damper bar
  • item 10 is a conductive end ring
  • item 11 is a bearing II
  • item 12 is an end cap II
  • item 13 is an inner stator support shaft
  • item 14 is a harmonic magnetically magnetic gear
  • the high-speed transmission pair permanent magnet pole, item 15 is the permanent magnet drive pair permanent magnet pole of the harmonic magnetic magnetic gear; the symbol marks in the figure: Z b , n b , ⁇ respectively represent the salient pole wave number and the rotational speed of the salient-pole magnetic waveguide rotor
  • the torque, n d respectively represent the rotational speed and torque of the permanent magnet drive pair of the harmonic magnetically magnetic gear, and represent the permanent magnet pole pairs of the permanent magnet drive pair of the harmonic magnetic magnetic gear and the stator DC excitation winding are energized
  • the pole pair of the DC magnetic field, p s , , T s respectively represent the pole pairs of the rotating magnetic field formed by the stator three-phase AC winding energized, the rotational speed
  • the salient-pole magnetic harmonic electromagnetic gear three-phase AC composite motor has two electric power ports and one mechanical power port.
  • the three-port three-phase AC composite structure motor wherein one electric power port of the stator is connected to the external three-phase symmetric sine wave AC power through the stator three-phase lead-out line, and the positive and negative poles of the other electric power port of the stator and the external DC excitation power supply respectively .
  • the positive and negative poles are connected; the external rotating mechanical load is connected through the output shaft 7 and the salient-pole magnetically conductive harmonic rotor core 8; the output shaft 7 passes through the bearing I 6 and the bearing II 11 and the end cap I 5 and the end cap II, respectively. 12 Positioning connection; the two ends of the cover are respectively installed at the two ends of the casing 4 through the position of the stop; the composite motor is divided into the working mode: the clutch working mode and the asynchronous working mode of the stator DC port not being energized, and the two electric ports of the stator The fixed speed ratio gear reduction state motor operation mode, the stator DC port input electric power and the rotor mechanical port input mechanical power, and the stator AC port output AC power fixed speed ratio gear speed increase state generator working mode.
  • the main transmission components of the three-phase AC composite motor that constitutes the salient-pole magnetic harmonic electromagnetic gear is: a three-phase alternating 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4 winding of the stator poles having a pole 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4 current excitation winding 2, having salient poles ⁇ ⁇ permeance wave number of the magnetic salient pole rotor core waveguide 8; transmission member on the above structural features
  • the following constraints are met in the operation mode of the DC excitation winding 2: the number of pole pairs of the three-phase AC winding 1 / 3 ⁇ 4, the number of stator grooves Z s , the number of pole pairs of the stator DC excitation winding 2 / 3 ⁇ 4 and convex
  • the polar magnetic wave guide of the pole magnetic wave rotor core 8 is an integer and satisfies the geometric relationship constraint:
  • Z b p s ⁇ p d ⁇ /3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ /3 ⁇ 4 Z s /2 ;
  • the rotor speed of the motor / 3 ⁇ 4 and the torque T b , the electromagnetic field speed generated by the stator three-phase AC winding 1 and the electromagnetic torque r s and The stator three-phase alternating current frequency / s meets:
  • a negative number less than zero in the above transmission relationship structure means that the direction of rotation and the direction of torque transmission are opposite to each other.
  • stator of the salient-pole magnetic harmonic electromagnetic gear three-phase AC composite motor and the salient-pole magnetic waveguide rotor core 8 are concentric.
  • the distributed structure has an air gap 3 between each other and is coupled by a radial air gap magnetic field.
  • the overall layout structure between the stator and the rotor is divided into two structural forms: First, the stator core 3 of the stator is mounted on the rotor.
  • the outer stator inner rotor structure of the outer layer is shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2;
  • stator core 3 of the stator is mounted on the inner stator outer rotor structure of the inner layer of the rotor, see Figs. 7 and 8.
  • Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 respectively show the radial topological structure of the salient-pole magnetic harmonic electromagnetic gear three-phase AC composite motor with different transmission structure parameters, the case shown in the above figure
  • the structural characteristics of the parameters are as follows:
  • the stator of the three-phase alternating current composite motor is composed of a three-phase alternating current winding 1, a direct current excitation winding 2 and a stator core 3; the stator core 3
  • the conductive magnetic silicon steel sheet is subjected to stamping processing and laminated welding as a whole structure.
  • the stator core 3 is tightly fitted and fixed to the inner circle of the casing 4, and for the inner stator outer rotor structure, the stator core 3 tightly fitted to the inner stator support shaft 13; the stator core 3 is distributed with Z s weaving grooves on the circumference of the rotor, and the two sets of windings of the three-phase alternating current winding 1 and the direct current excitation winding 2 are respectively embedded in the embedded line groove
  • the three-phase AC winding 1 is connected at the end to a three-phase ⁇ / ⁇ type symmetrical winding type with a phase number of 3 phases and a series pole number of 2 p s per phase, and the frequency of the crossover with the outside through the lead line is f s a three-phase symmetrical sine wave AC power connection;
  • the DC field winding 2 is coupled at the end to a single-phase winding type having a 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 4 pole, such that a current passing through the DC field winding forms a static magnetic field distribution in which the
  • the salient-pole magnetic waveguide rotor has two structures: 1.
  • the damper winding structure squirrel-cage damping is distributed on the uneven pole circumference of the salient-pole magneto-wave rotor core 8.
  • the guide bar 9 is short at the ends of the core by the conductive end ring 10 Connected live winding structure,
  • Figure 9 shows a partial cross-sectional view of the salient pole magneto-wave rotor with damper winding structure;
  • Second, undamped winding structure No conductive current on the salient-pole magnetic waveguide rotor core 8
  • the empty iron core structure of the winding; the installation method of the salient pole magnetic wave rotor is divided into: 1.
  • the salient pole magnetic wave of the outer stator inner rotor structure The rotor core 8 is mounted on the innermost layer of the motor, and is magnetically guided.
  • the silicon steel sheet is press-formed and laminated on the output shaft 7 in a tightly fitting manner, and the outer surface of the wave rotor is uniformly distributed with a magnetic flux salient pole having a wave number and a groove equally spaced and uniformly spaced apart from the magnetic conductive salient pole;
  • the salient pole type magnetic waveguide rotor core 8 for the inner stator outer rotor structure is mounted on the outermost layer of the motor, and the magnetically permeable steel plate is mechanically processed, and the inner surface of the wave rotor is evenly distributed with the magnetic flux convexity of the wave number.

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Abstract

一种凸极式磁导谐波电磁齿轮三相交流复合电机,其由具有2ps极三相交流绕组(1)和2pd极直流励磁绕组(2)两套绕组结构的定子、具有Zb个磁导波数的凸极式磁导波转子铁芯(8)构成主要传动部件。定子和转子之间呈同心式径向分布结构,彼此间存在气隙并通过径向气隙磁场而耦合。利用通电的直流励磁绕组和凸极式磁导波转子铁芯形成磁导谐波电磁齿轮传动关系,将通电的三相交流绕组产生的转速为ns的高速旋转磁场运动转换成固定减速比的低速机械运动输出,实现直接减速变矩可控传动。

Description

凸极式磁导谐波电磁齿轮三相交流复合电机
技术领域
本发明是一种凸极式磁导谐波电磁齿轮三相交流复合电机, 是将磁导谐波式电磁齿轮传 动与传统交流电机复合于一体的、 具有两个电功率端口和一个机械端口的多端口变速、 变矩 电机, 是实现高转速机械能、 低转速大力矩机械能、 及电能相互转换的变速传动能量变换装 置, 可广泛应用于工业机器人伺服驱说动、 风力发电、 水力发电、 汽车电驱动、 石油钻踩设备 驱动、 船舰驱动及其它需要直接驱动的工业传动领域。 背景技术
根据旋转电机理论, 要使电机获得持续稳定的负载运行能力, 产生电磁感应的定子磁场 书
和转子磁场必须保持相对静止, 这就要求构成电机的定子和转子必须保持相同极数, 为了节 约原材料, 电机往往设计成少极数的高速电机, 但许多传动领域往往又需要低转速大力矩的 输出, 这使得常规电机在需要宽广的恒功率调速范围的应用受到很大限制, 必须得借助机械 齿轮变速传动技术来实现低转速、 大力矩的输出和恒功率调速范围的要求, 从而使得系统传 动效率低、 噪声大、 可靠性差, 整个传动系统体积大。 长期以来机械齿轮传动技术的基本形 式没有变化, 即始终是依靠机械式齿轮副的两轮齿的啮合进行传动。 这就给齿轮传动带来了 一些不可消除的问题, 如机械疲劳、摩擦损耗、震动噪音等, 尽管可以采用油脂润滑技术, 但 以上问题依旧无法根除, 导致使用维护极其繁琐, 固定传动速比的机械式齿轮副传动使得需 要在更宽转速范围的多级、 分档调速机构结构复杂, 无法适应越来越多的无级变速的传动技 术要求。
近年来, 随着风力发电、 电动汽车等新能源应用领域的发展需求, 国内外开始在新型磁 性传动技术上实现对机械传动的技术突破, 2004年英国和丹麦学者提出了磁场调制技术理论 及其传动结构,并从实践上完成了一种新型径向磁场调制式磁性齿轮的设计及样机验证工作, 克服了以往永磁齿轮传动扭矩较小的缺点, 这给永磁材料在机械传动领域的应用开辟了一个 重要的研究方向和未来的应用领域。 2012年本案发明人陆续提出了"新型径向磁场的少极差磁 场耦合式偏心磁性齿轮副" (PCT/CN2012/072497)和"径向磁场的少极差磁导谐波式磁性齿轮 副" (ZL201210097726.2)等磁性齿轮的多种新结构, 这些磁性齿轮副是根据少齿差齿轮和机械 谐波齿轮错齿传动技术原理提出的两种类型的少极差磁场错极的偏心结构和同心结构, 从而 达到传递力矩和变速传动的目的, 但由于永久磁场无法调节, 所以也无法实现随负载变化的 力矩动态调节。 另外, 以上仅仅针对齿轮传动的单一技术领域的单一产品研究, 使得磁性齿 轮的实际应用仍然承继传统的电机 +齿轮的模块式分段组合模式,没有站在将磁性齿轮传动技 术与永磁电机技术融为一体的系统设计高度, 也会导致磁性传动新技术的应用受到限制和局 限。针对这些不足和局限, 本案发明人于 2012年提出了一种 "双机械端口磁导谐波式电磁齿轮 复合永磁电机 "C201220162899.3和 2012101 12820.0),第一次尝试将气隙磁密波随负载大小可调 节变化的磁导谐波式电磁齿轮与常规永磁无刷电机复合为一体。 截止目前为止目前国内外没 有人提出过将磁导谐波式电磁齿轮与常规高转速的交流电机从磁路结构上进行彻底融合统 一、 具有电磁齿轮变速和交流电机驱动功能复合为一体的新结构, 而这样的技术研究和结构 发明对于工程应用尤其是对并联结构的汽车电驱动系统、 风机水泵类负载机械、 石油钻踩机 械、 以及风力发电、 潜艇可控驱动等具有重要的意义。 发明内容
针对现有旋转电机技术、 机械式齿轮传动技术在应用上存在的问题, 以及最新的磁性传 动技术的不足之处, 本技术发明打破旋转电机定转子磁极极数必须保持相等以使产生电磁感 应的定转子磁场保持相对静止的理论束缚, 将定子三相绕组通电产生的高转速气隙旋转磁场 通过磁导波转子的凸极分解调制成特定频率的磁导谐波, 利用该磁导谐波来直接驱动低速大 力矩负载的新型直接驱动永磁电机新结构。 本发明的基本构思是: 借鉴磁导谐波永磁齿轮的 结构特点和交流电机旋转电磁场理论, 利用三相对称交流绕组通以三相正弦波交变电流产生 高速旋转的电磁场来模拟磁性齿轮的高速永磁传动副, 将磁性齿轮的永磁传动副作为静止部 件, 并用静止状态的直流绕组通以直流电流来模拟实现, 将原位置处于两传动轮副之间的、 起定向导磁作用的且静止状态的导磁栅铁心作为运动部件形成低速传动副, 从而形成了高速 旋转磁场与静止直流磁场之间的动态磁导谐波耦合结构, 使凸极式磁导波转子的获得持续转 矩而旋转做功。
以下借助图 11、 图 12、 图 13和图 14以及图 1、 图 2来分别阐述凸极式磁导谐波电磁齿 轮三相交流复合电机的技术原理和结构特征, 图中: 项 1为定子的三相交流绕组, 项 2为定 子的直流励磁绕组, 项 3为定子铁芯, 项 4为定子机壳, 项 5为端盖 I, 项 6为轴承 I, 项 7 为输出轴, 项 8为凸极式磁导波转子铁芯, 项 9为鼠笼式阻尼导条, 项 10为导电端环, 项 11为轴承 II, 项 12为端盖 II, 项 13为内定子支撑轴, 项 14为谐波磁导磁齿轮的高速传动副 永磁极, 项 15为谐波磁导磁齿轮的永磁传动副永磁极; 图中符号标识: Zb、 nb、 7¾分别表示 凸极式磁导波转子的凸极波数、 转速与转矩, nd、 分别表示谐波磁导磁齿轮的永磁传动副 转速与转矩, 表示谐波磁导磁齿轮的永磁传动副的永磁极对数和定子直流励磁绕组通电后 形成的直流磁场的极对数, ps、 、 7;分别表示定子三相交流绕组通电后形成的旋转磁场极对 数、 转速与电磁转矩和谐波磁导磁齿轮的高速传动副的极对数、 转速与转矩, Zs表示定子铁 芯的嵌线槽数, ia, , 、 分别表示定子绕组中通过的三相电流和交变频率, A、 B、 C 分 别表示定子绕组的三相, Udc、 表示直流励磁电压和电流, 3表示凸极式磁导波转子与定子 之间的气隙, N、 S分别永磁体极性和直流励磁电流 / 产生的静止磁场极性。
图 11、 图 12分别展示了两种类型的磁导谐波式磁性齿轮的径向传动结构, 两种类型的 磁齿轮满足以下结构关系约束:
几何结构关系约束: Zb=ps±pd , ps≠pd
运动合成结构关系约束: Zb X nb =ps X ns±pdX nd
力矩传递结构关系约束: r6÷ =rs÷/¾± rrf÷/¾ ,
功率平衡结构关系约束: Ts X ns + TbX nb +TdX nd=0;
以上传动关系结构式中出现小于零的负数表示旋转方向和功率传递方向彼此相反; 以上两图中的具有 ¾¾极的高速传动副 14在转矩 7;作用下以转速 旋转实际上就形成了一个 旋转磁场, 根据交流电机理论, 对于该旋转磁场我们完全可以用 ¾¾极的三相对称交流绕组 1 通以频率为/ s的三相对称交变电流 , ib, c)来模拟, 图 13形象地展示了谐波磁导式磁性齿 轮的高速传动副与交流电机定子三相对称交流绕组通以三相对称交流电流的等效关系; 在图 11和图 12中, 如果使 2/¾极的永磁传动副 15固定不动, 即使转速/ ¾=0, 根据力学原理, 处 于外围的凸极式磁导波转子 8将形成低速传动副而旋转, 如图 14所示, 永磁传动副的永磁极 15完全可以用一个直流励磁绕组 2中通以直流励磁电流 /dc来模拟。按照上述等效思路,我们 构造出图 2所示的新型电机径向拓扑结构,将 ¾¾极的三相交流绕组 1和 2/¾极的直流励磁绕 组 2都布置安装于交流电机定子铁芯 3的嵌线槽中, 再借鉴凸极式同步电机的凸极转子结构 特点来构造出具有 个凸极磁导波数的凸极式磁导波转子, 该凸极式磁导波转子与同步电机 凸极转子一样存在有阻尼绕组和无阻尼绕组两种结构形式; 定子和转子之间呈同心式径向分 布结构, 彼此间存在气隙并通过径向气隙磁场而耦合, 这样构造出的结构超越了定转子等极 数的传统交流同步电机和交流异步电机, 实际上定转子磁场构成了磁导谐波磁齿轮的耦合结 构, 因此电机具有了固定速比的减速功能; 电机运行时, 定子铁芯 3中的三相定子绕组 1流 过三相对称交变电流 , ib, ic), 将在定子铁芯 3和气隙中产生极数为 ¾¾、 转速为 的高速 旋转电磁场, 该高速电磁场将产生电磁力矩 rs; 同时, 在定子直流励磁绕组 2中输入直流励 磁电流 / , 定子及气隙中又将形成极数为 的多极数静止磁场, 通过直流绕组的适当连接 使该静止磁场形成 N、 S极相互间隔排列的分布形式; 选择合适的磁导波转子铁芯 8的凸极 数 , 将使凸极式磁导波转子在固定磁导谐波频率下获得从定子高速电磁场通过气隙传递来 的持续转矩 Γδ, 该固定磁导谐波频率就对应于磁导波转子的转速/ ¾, 调节直流励磁电流/ 的大小就能调节输出转矩 7¾的大小,从而实现无机械接触、无摩擦的动力变速变矩可控传动。 该复合电机在工作方式上分为- 第一、 定子直流励磁绕组不通电的离合器工作方式和异步工作方式: 由图 2可知, 在定 子直流励磁绕组无输入电流时, 即 /<&=()时, 对于无阻尼绕组结构的凸极式磁导波转子而言, 由于定子和转子之间的无法形成有效的磁场耦合, 传动关系完全解耦, 无阻尼结构的凸极式 磁导波转子将不旋转,这是离合器工作状态;对于有阻尼绕组结构的凸极式磁导波转子而言, 定子和转子之间的将形成与异步电机等效的磁场耦合关系, 此时凸极式磁导波转子将处于异 步电机的工作状态。 第二、 定子两个电端口均输入电功率的固定速比齿轮减速状态电动机工作方式: 由图 1 可知, 当定子绕组 1内通过交流电流时, 定子气隙产生的是转速为《s的旋转磁场, 由于定子 直流励磁绕组 2产生的直流磁场是静止磁场, 定子旋转磁场就与凸极式磁导波转子之间就形 成一对磁性齿轮副, 其齿轮减速传动状态满足-
①几何结构关系约束: Zb-ps±Pd, ps≠pd
②运动结构关系约束: ZfcX /76 = ¾X «s , 直流磁场静止《^ο;
力矩传递结构关系约束: Tb÷Zb =Ts÷Ps
功率平衡结构关系约束: TS X "S + Tb X nb =0;
以上传动关系结构式中出现小于零的负数表示旋转方向和功率传递方向彼此相反; 很显然, 上述运动状态的减速比是固定的, 这时候的电机其实处于齿轮减速传动工作状态。
第三、 固定速比齿轮增速状态发电机工作方式: 这是复合电机减速传动的电动机工作方 式的可逆工作方式, 此时运动合成传动关系、 功率平衡关系仍然有效, 区别是定子直流电端 口输入电功率和转子机械端口输入机械功率而定子交流端口输出交流电功率, 正好处于发电 机工作状态。 综上所述, 我们结合图 1和图 2来详细阐述凸极式磁导谐波电磁齿轮三相交流复合电机 的结构特征如下: 一、 凸极式磁导谐波电磁齿轮三相交流复合电机是具有两个电功率端口和一个机械功率 端口的三端口三相交流复合结构电机; 其中, 定子的一个电功率端口通过定子三相引出线与 外部三相对称正弦波交流电源联接, 定子的另一个电功率端口的正负极分别与外部直流励磁 电源 [/dc的正负极联接; 外部旋转机械负载则通过输出轴 7和凸极式磁导谐波转子铁芯 8连 接; 输出轴 7通过轴承 1 6、 轴承 II 11分别与端盖 1 5和端盖 II 12 定位连接; 两端盖通过止 口定位分别安装于机壳 4的两端; 该复合电机在工作方式上分为: 定子直流电端口不通电的 离合器工作方式和异步工作方式、 定子两个电端口均输入电功率的固定速比齿轮减速状态电 更正页(细则第 91条) 动机工作方式、 定子直流电端口输入电功率和转子机械端口输入机械功率而定子交流端口输 出交流电功率的固定速比齿轮增速状态发电机工作方式;
二、 构成凸极式磁导谐波电磁齿轮三相交流复合电机的主要传动部件是: 具有 ¾¾极的 三相交流绕组 1和具有 ¾¾极直流励磁绕组 2的定子、 具有 ¾>个凸极磁导波数的凸极式磁导 波转子铁芯 8; 以上传动部件在结构特征上和直流励磁绕组 2通电状态的工作方式中都满足 以下约束条件:
三相交流绕组 1的极对数/ ¾、 定子嵌线槽数 Zs、 定子直流励磁绕组 2的极对数/ ¾和凸极式磁 导波转子铁芯 8的凸极磁导波数 为整数, 且满足几何结构关系约束:
Zb=ps ±pd 禾卩 /¾</¾ Zs /2 ;
电机的波转子转速/ ¾与转矩 Tb、 定子三相交流绕组 1产生的电磁场转速 与电磁转矩 rs和 定子三相交变电流频率 /s满足:
运动传动结构关系约束: Zb X nb =ps X ns 和 ns=6Q Xfs÷ps
力矩传递结构关系约束: Ts÷Ps = Tb÷Zb
以上传动关系结构式中出现小于零的负数表示旋转方向和力矩传递方向彼此相反;
三、 凸极式磁导谐波电磁齿轮三相交流复合电机的定子、 凸极式磁导波转子铁芯 8两者 之间呈同心式分布结构, 彼此间存在气隙 3并通过径向气隙磁场而耦合, 定子与转子之间的 整体布局结构分为两种结构形式: 第一、 将定子的定子铁芯 3安装布置于转子外层的外定子 内转子结构, 第二、 将定子的定子铁芯 3安装布置于转子内层的内定子外转子结构。 采用上述技术方案所达到的技术经济效果:
与传统的普通交流电机与机械式齿轮传动所组成的驱动系统相比, 本发明涉及的凸极式 磁导谐波电磁齿轮三相交流复合电机具有如下明显的优势:
① 结构简单、 节省材料和安装空间: 以最简单的结构实现了低速大力矩的直接驱动, 可直 接取代许多传统的齿轮变速机构, 简化系统结构, 节省安装空间; 结构的集成化、 大型 化设计, 可直接应用于混合动力驱动的新能源汽车、 风力发电机组、 军用舰艇等装备的 直接驱动。
② 能量损耗小, 传动效率高: 由于消除了普通机械式齿轮传动的接触摩擦, 驱动损耗仅仅 只有电机损耗, 理论上最高驱动效率可比传统的带机械齿轮传动机构的驱动系统普遍提 高 10%以上。
③ 可靠性高、 寿命长、 震动小、 噪声低: 由于无机械齿轮传动的机械接触摩损, 无需润滑, 清洁、 无油污、 防尘防水等; 同时, 也不存在机械齿轮传动时因齿部啮合接触而产生的 震动和噪音; 这种优势对于长期水下航行的潜水艇降低本体噪音具有重要意义。 ④恒功率调速调矩范围宽广: 该复合电机的转矩和转速的调节方式多, 改变输入电机的三 相交变频率;就可以实现对输出转速 的调节, 改变输入电机的直流励磁电流 / 的大小就 可以方便地实现对传递转矩 ^的调节, 即可在较大转速范围实现无级变速的传动要求, 本发明通过气隙旋转磁场的分解调制来实现运动变速, 从而避免了许多机械机构里的机 械运动合成相互干涉的弊端, 可直接取消常规机械变速系统常见的换档离合机构, 这对 混合动力汽车、 电动汽车以及电动摩托车的无级变速实现具有实用价值。
⑤ 调节控制简单: 通过正弦脉宽调制技术 SPWM控制、 变频控制等成熟技术, 就可以方便地 实现调压、 调频从而调节电机输出工况的要求, 无须常规直流无刷方波电机的位置反馈 回路, 根据负载状况采用简单的开环控制即可满足绝大多数的应用场合。 附图说明
图 1为外定子结构的有阻尼结构凸极式磁导谐波电磁齿轮三相交流复合电机轴向剖面图; 图 2为外定子结构的有阻尼结构 =+14凸极式磁导谐波电磁齿轮三相交流复合电机径向拓扑 图;
图 3为外定子结构的无阻尼结构 =-10凸极式磁导谐波电磁齿轮三相交流复合电机径向拓扑 图;
图 4为外定子结构的无阻尼结构凸极式磁导谐波电磁齿轮三相交流复合电机轴向剖面图; 图 5为外定子结构的有阻尼结构 =+6凸极式磁导谐波电磁齿轮三相交流复合电机径向拓扑 图;
图 6为外定子结构的无阻尼结构 =+6凸极式磁导谐波电磁齿轮三相交流复合电机径向拓扑 图;
图 7为内定子结构的无阻尼结构 =+14凸极式磁导谐波电磁齿轮三相交流复合电机径向拓扑 图;
图 8为内定子结构的无阻尼结构凸极式磁导谐波电磁齿轮三相交流复合电机轴向剖面图; 图 9为有阻尼结构的凸极式磁导波转子立体结构局部剖面图;
图 10为无阻尼结构的凸极式磁导波斜槽转子立体结构图;
图 11为波数 =+14的磁导谐波磁性齿轮副径向拓扑图;
图 12为波数 =-10的磁导谐波磁性齿轮副径向拓扑图;
图 13为磁导谐波磁性齿轮高速永磁传动副与电机三相定子通电绕组的等效原理示意图; 图 14为磁导谐波磁性齿轮永磁传动副磁极与直流通电绕组的等效原理示意图。
以上图中: 项 1为定子的三相交流绕组, 项 2为定子的直流励磁绕组, 项 3为定子铁芯, 项 4为定子机壳, 项 5为端盖 I, 项 6为轴承 I, 项 7为输出轴, 项 8为凸极式磁导波转子铁 芯, 项 9为鼠笼式阻尼导条, 项 10为导电端环, 项 11为轴承 II, 项 12为端盖 II, 项 13为 内定子支撑轴, 项 14为谐波磁导磁齿轮的高速传动副永磁极, 项 15为谐波磁导磁齿轮的永 磁传动副永磁极; 图中符号标识: Zb、 nb、 ^分别表示凸极式磁导波转子的凸极波数、 转速 与转矩, nd、 分别表示谐波磁导磁齿轮的永磁传动副转速与转矩, 表示谐波磁导磁齿轮 的永磁传动副的永磁极对数和定子直流励磁绕组通电后形成的直流磁场的极对数, ps、 、 Ts 分别表示定子三相交流绕组通电后形成的旋转磁场极对数、 转速与电磁转矩和谐波磁导磁齿 轮的高速传动副的极对数、 转速与转矩, Zs表示定子铁芯的嵌线槽数, ia, ib, 分别表示 定子绕组中通过的三相电流和交变频率, A、 B、 C 分别表示定子绕组的三相, Udc、 表示 直流励磁电压和电流, 3表示凸极式磁导波转子与定子之间的气隙, N、 S分别永磁体极性和 直流励磁电流 Idc产生的静止磁场极性。 具体实舫式
下面结合附图及具体实施方式对本发明做进一步的结构说明:
一、 如图 1、 图 4和图 8所展示的不同结构类型的轴向剖面图所示, 凸极式磁导谐波电 磁齿轮三相交流复合电机是具有两个电功率端口和一个机械功率端口的三端口三相交流复合 结构电机; 其中, 定子的一个电功率端口通过定子三相引出线与外部三相对称正弦波交流电 源联接, 定子的另一个电功率端口的正负极分别与外部直流励磁电源 。的正负极联接; 外 部旋转机械负载则通过输出轴 7和凸极式磁导谐波转子铁芯 8连接; 输出轴 7通过轴承 I 6、 轴承 II 11分别与端盖 I 5和端盖 II 12 定位连接;两端盖通过止口定位分别安装于机壳 4的两 端; 该复合电机在工作方式上分为: 定子直流电端口不通电的离合器工作方式和异步工作方 式、 定子两个电端口均输入电功率的固定速比齿轮减速状态电动机工作方式、 定子直流电端 口输入电功率和转子机械端口输入机械功率而定子交流端口输出交流电功率的固定速比齿轮 增速状态发电机工作方式。
二、 如图 2、 图 3、 图 5、 图 6和图 7所展示的不同结构类型的径向拓扑图所示, 构成凸 极式磁导谐波电磁齿轮三相交流复合电机的主要传动部件是: 具有 ¾¾极的三相交流绕组 1 和具有 ¾¾极直流励磁绕组 2的定子、 具有 Ζδ个凸极磁导波数的凸极式磁导波转子铁芯 8; 以上传动部件在结构特征上和直流励磁绕组 2通电状态的工作方式中都满足以下约束条件: 三相交流绕组 1的极对数/ ¾、 定子嵌线槽数 Zs、 定子直流励磁绕组 2的极对数/ ¾和凸极式磁 导波转子铁芯 8的凸极磁导波数 为整数, 且满足几何结构关系约束:
Zb=ps±pd 禾卩 /¾</¾ Zs /2 ;
电机的波转子转速/ ¾与转矩 Tb、 定子三相交流绕组 1产生的电磁场转速 与电磁转矩 rs和 定子三相交变电流频率 /s满足:
运动传动结构关系约束: Zb X nb =ps X ns 和 ns=6Q Xfs÷ps
力矩传递结构关系约束: Ts÷Ps = Tb÷Zb
以上传动关系结构式中出现小于零的负数表示旋转方向和力矩传递方向彼此相反。
三、 如图 1、 图 2和图 7、 图 8所示, 凸极式磁导谐波电磁齿轮三相交流复合电机的定 子、 凸极式磁导波转子铁芯 8两者之间呈同心式分布结构, 彼此间存在气隙 3并通过径向气 隙磁场而耦合, 定子与转子之间的整体布局结构分为两种结构形式: 第一、 将定子的定子铁 芯 3安装布置于转子外层的外定子内转子结构, 见图 1与图 2; 第二、 将定子的定子铁芯 3 安装布置于转子内层的内定子外转子结构, 见图 7与图 8。
图 2、 图 3、 图 5、 图 6和图 7分别展示了几种不同传动结构参数的凸极式磁导谐波电磁 齿轮三相交流复合电机径向拓扑结构图, 以上图中所示案例的结构特征参数如下:
Figure imgf000010_0001
四、 如图 2、 图 3、 图 5、 图 6和图 7所示, 该三相交流复合电机的定子由三相交流绕 组 1、 直流励磁绕组 2和定子铁芯 3组成; 定子铁芯 3由导磁的硅钢薄板经冲压加工和叠压 焊接为一整体结构, 对于外定子内转子结构, 定子铁芯 3紧配合固定于机壳 4的内圆, 对于 内定子外转子结构, 定子铁芯 3紧配合固定于内定子支撑轴 13上; 定子铁芯 3面向转子的圆 周上分布有 Zs个嵌线槽, 嵌线槽内分别嵌装有三相交流绕组 1和直流励磁绕组 2两套绕组; 三相交流绕组 1在端部联接成相数为 3相、每相串联极数为 2ps的三相 Υ/Δ型对称绕组型式, 并通过引出线与外部的交变频率为 fs的三相对称正弦波交流电源联接; 直流励磁绕组 2在端 部联接成具有 ¾¾极的单相绕组型式, 使通过该直流励磁绕组的电流形成 N、 S极相互间隔排 列的静止磁场分布形式, 并通过引出线与外部的直流励磁电源 f/de联接, 直流励磁绕组 2的 最大串联极数为定子槽数 Zs, 最小串联极数大于三相交流绕组 1的每相串联极数¾¾。
五、 如图 9和图 10所示, 凸极式磁导波转子具有两种结构: 一、 有阻尼绕组结构: 在 凸极式磁导波转子铁芯 8凹凸极圆周分布有鼠笼式阻尼导条 9并在铁芯两端由导电端环 10短 接的带电绕组结构, 图 9展示了有阻尼绕组结构的凸极式磁导波转子立体结构局部剖面图; 二、 无阻尼绕组结构: 凸极式磁导波转子铁芯 8上不设置任何导电绕组的空铁芯结构; 凸极 式磁导波转子的安装方式分为: 一、 对于外定子内转子结构的凸极式磁导波转子铁芯 8安装 于电机最内层, 采用导磁的硅钢薄板经冲压加工并以紧配合方式叠压于输出轴 7上, 波转子 外圆表面均匀分布有波数为 的导磁凸极和与导磁凸极等量且间隔均布的凹槽; 二、对于内 定子外转子结构的凸极式磁导波转子铁芯 8安装于电机最外层, 采用导磁的钢板经机械加工 而成,波转子内圆表面均匀分布有波数为 的导磁凸极和与导磁凸极等量且间隔均布的凹槽; 以上两种结构形式的凹槽最小径向深度十倍于气隙长度 凸极式磁导波转子铁芯 8的导磁 凸极分为两种形式: 第一、 与旋转中心轴线平行的直槽结构, 第二、 与旋转中心轴线呈空间 斜槽的结构, 斜槽极距等于定子铁芯 3的相临两嵌线槽的槽距, 图 10展示了无阻尼结构的凸 极式磁导波斜槽转子立体结构图。 以上所述的仅是本技术发明的优选实施方式, 对于本领域的技术人员来说, 在不脱离本 技术发明原理的前提下, 还可以作出若干结构变形和改进 (如本发明涉及的定子两套交、 直流 绕组互换槽中的上下层位置), 这些也应该视为本技术发明的保护范围, 这些都不会影响本技 术发明实施的效果和实用性。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 凸极式磁导谐波电磁齿轮三相交流复合电机, 其特征是:
一、 凸极式磁导谐波电磁齿轮三相交流复合电机是具有两个电功率端口和一个机械功率 端口的三端口三相交流复合结构电机; 其中, 定子的一个电功率端口通过定子三相引出 线与外部三相对称正弦波交流电源联接, 定子的另一个电功率端口的正负极分别与外部 直流励磁电源 f/dc的正负极联接; 外部旋转机械负载则通过输出轴 (7)和凸极式磁导谐波 转子铁芯 (8)连接; 输出轴 (7)通过轴承 1(6)、 轴承 11(11)分别与端盖 1(5)和端盖 11(12) 定位 连接; 两端盖通过止口定位分别安装于机壳 (4)的两端; 该复合电机在工作方式上分为: 定子直流电端口不通电的离合器工作方式和异步工作方式、 定子两个电端口均输入电功 率的固定速比齿轮减速状态电动机工作方式、 定子直流电端口输入电功率和转子机械端 口输入机械功率而定子交流端口输出交流电功率的固定速比齿轮增速状态发电机工作方 式;
二、 构成凸极式磁导谐波电磁齿轮三相交流复合电机的主要传动部件是: 具有 ¾¾极的 三相交流绕组 (1)和具有 ¾¾极直流励磁绕组 (2)的定子、 具有 Ζδ个凸极磁导波数的凸极式 磁导波转子铁芯 (8); 以上传动部件在结构特征上和直流励磁绕组 (2)通电状态的工作方式 中都满足以下约束条件:
三相交流绕组 (1)的极对数/ ¾、定子嵌线槽数 Zs、定子直流励磁绕组 (2)的极对数/¾和凸极 式磁导波转子铁芯 (8)的凸极磁导波数 为整数, 且满足几何结构关系约束:
Zb=ps±pd 禾卩 /2 ;
电机的波转子转速 与转矩 Tb、 定子三相交流绕组 (1)产生的电磁场转速 与电磁转矩 rs和定子三相交变电流频率 /s满足:
运动传动结构关系约束: Ζδ Χ /¾ =/¾ Χ 和 ns=60 Xfs÷ps
力矩传递结构关系约束: Ts÷Ps = Tb÷Zb
以上传动关系结构式中出现小于零的负数表示旋转方向和力矩传递方向彼此相反; 三、 凸极式磁导谐波电磁齿轮三相交流复合电机的定子、 凸极式磁导波转子铁芯 (8)两者 之间呈同心式分布结构, 彼此间存在气隙 3并通过径向气隙磁场而耦合, 定子与转子之 间的整体布局结构分为两种结构形式: 第一、 将定子的定子铁芯 (3)安装布置于转子外层 的外定子内转子结构, 第二、 将定子的定子铁芯 (3)安装布置于转子内层的内定子外转子 结构。
2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的凸极式磁导谐波电磁齿轮三相交流复合电机, 其特征是: 该电机 的定子由三相交流绕组 (1)、直流励磁绕组 (2)和定子铁芯 (3)组成; 定子铁芯 (3)由导磁的硅 钢薄板经冲压加工和叠压焊接为一整体结构, 对于外定子内转子结构, 定子铁芯 (3)紧配 合固定于机壳 (4)的内圆, 对于内定子外转子结构, 定子铁芯 (3)紧配合固定于内定子支撑 轴 (13)上; 定子铁芯 (3)面向转子的圆周上分布有 Zs个嵌线槽, 嵌线槽内分别嵌装有三相 交流绕组 (1)和直流励磁绕组 (2)两套绕组; 三相交流绕组 (1)在端部联接成相数为 3相、 每 相串联极数为 2ps的三相 Υ/Δ型对称绕组型式, 并通过引出线与外部的交变频率为 fs的 三相对称正弦波交流电源联接; 直流励磁绕组 (2)在端部联接成具有 ¾¾极的单相绕组型 式, 使通过该直流励磁绕组的电流形成 N、 S极相互间隔排列的静止磁场分布形式, 并通 过引出线与外部的直流励磁电源 f/dc联接, 直流励磁绕组 (2)的最大串联极数为定子槽数 Zs, 最小串联极数大于三相交流绕组 (1)的每相串联极数¾¾。
3. 根据权利要求 1 所述的凸极式磁导谐波电磁齿轮三相交流复合电机, 其特征是: 凸极式 磁导波转子具有两种结构: 一、 有阻尼绕组结构: 在凸极式磁导波转子铁芯 (8)凹凸极圆 周分布有鼠笼式阻尼导条 (9)并在铁芯两端由导电端环 (10)短接的带电绕组结构; 二、无阻 尼绕组结构: 凸极式磁导波转子铁芯 (8)上不设置任何导电绕组的空铁芯结构; 凸极式磁 导波转子的安装方式分为: 一、 对于外定子内转子结构的凸极式磁导波转子铁芯 (8)安装 于电机最内层, 采用导磁的硅钢薄板经冲压加工并以紧配合方式叠压于输出轴 (7)上, 波 转子外圆表面均匀分布有波数为 的导磁凸极和与导磁凸极等量且间隔均布的凹槽;二、 对于内定子外转子结构的凸极式磁导波转子铁芯 (8)安装于电机最外层, 采用导磁的钢板 经机械加工而成, 波转子内圆表面均匀分布有波数为 Ζδ的导磁凸极和与导磁凸极等量且 间隔均布的凹槽; 以上两种结构形式的凹槽最小径向深度十倍于气隙长度 凸极式磁导 波转子铁芯 (8)的导磁凸极分为两种形式: 第一、 与旋转中心轴线平行的直槽结构, 第二、 与旋转中心轴线呈空间斜槽的结构, 斜槽极距等于定子铁芯 (3)的相临两嵌线槽的槽距。
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