WO2015096716A1 - Procédé et dispositif d'estimation de canal - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif d'estimation de canal Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015096716A1
WO2015096716A1 PCT/CN2014/094740 CN2014094740W WO2015096716A1 WO 2015096716 A1 WO2015096716 A1 WO 2015096716A1 CN 2014094740 W CN2014094740 W CN 2014094740W WO 2015096716 A1 WO2015096716 A1 WO 2015096716A1
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channel response
domain channel
transform
fourier transform
frequency domain
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PCT/CN2014/094740
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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周海军
刘刚
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电信科学技术研究院
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
    • H04L25/022—Channel estimation of frequency response
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
    • H04L25/0224—Channel estimation using sounding signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
    • H04L25/024—Channel estimation channel estimation algorithms
    • H04L25/0256—Channel estimation using minimum mean square error criteria

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a frequency domain and time domain channel estimation method and apparatus in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system.
  • OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • the channel estimation algorithm is divided into two types of methods: time domain and frequency domain.
  • the frequency domain method is mainly directed to a multi-carrier system; the time domain method is applicable to all single-carrier and multi-carrier systems, and estimates the fading coefficients of the multipath components in the fading channel by means of the statistical characteristics of the reference signal or the transmitted data. From the perspective of the prior information of the channel estimation algorithm, it can be divided into the following three categories:
  • the algorithms determine the parameters to be estimated according to certain estimation criteria, or perform stepwise tracking and adjustment of the estimated values of the parameters to be estimated according to certain criteria. It is characterized by the need for reference signals, ie pilot or training sequences.
  • R i ' denotes received data
  • H i ' denotes frequency domain channel parameters
  • S i ' denotes a pilot at the transmitting end
  • N i ' denotes additive white Gaussian noise
  • N c represents the number of subcarriers involved in the frequency domain filtering calculation
  • N p represents the pilot subcarrier spacing.
  • P is a set of subcarrier numbers, and i belongs to P.
  • ⁇ i',i is the weighting coefficient of the Wiener filter. According to the minimum mean square error criterion, the designed ⁇ i', i should minimize the mean square error between the output signal and the desired signal.
  • the weighting coefficient matrix of the Wiener filter based on the MMSE criterion is determined by the following formula:
  • a frequency domain cross-correlation matrix for receiving data and pilots and a frequency domain autocorrelation matrix for the pilot
  • F is a Fourier transform matrix
  • P is a Power-Delay-Profile (PDP)
  • D index represents the subcarrier position occupied by data in the slot
  • P index represents the position of the pilot subcarrier in the OFDM symbol.
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide a channel estimation method and apparatus, which are used to solve the problem of high computational complexity of the MMSE filtering algorithm of the existing channel estimation.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a channel estimation method, where the method includes:
  • the embodiment of the present invention determines the channel estimation by the two-reciprocal Fourier transform, since the operation of the matrix inversion is not required, the calculation amount of the channel estimation is reduced; in addition, in the embodiment of the present invention, The weighting coefficients weight each element in the transform domain channel response after the first Fourier transform, so that the obtained channel estimate can match the actual channel, ensuring system performance.
  • the first application scenario is: frequency domain channel estimation.
  • the time dimension is set to the current time, and the implementation process of the frequency domain channel estimation for any subframe is the same.
  • the frequency domain channel response is obtained according to the pilot information in the received signal, and the frequency domain channel response is subjected to a first Fourier transform process to obtain a transform domain channel response, which specifically includes:
  • the dimension of the Fourier transform matrix used by the first Fourier transform process is N F ⁇ N F , and N F represents the number of pilot information inserted in the frequency domain dimension;
  • Performing a second Fourier transform process on the weighted processed transform domain channel response to obtain a channel estimation in the frequency domain dimension specifically including:
  • Performing a second Fourier transform process on the weighted processed first transform domain channel response to obtain a channel estimation in a frequency domain dimension wherein a dimension of the Fourier transform matrix used by the second Fourier transform process is N c ⁇ N c , N c represents the number of channel estimates of the calculated frequency domain dimension received signals.
  • the weighting coefficients corresponding to each element in the channel response of the first transform domain determined are:
  • P i ', j is the determined weighting coefficient, Representing the i'th element in the first transform domain channel response of the jth subframe, j is a time component and j is the current subframe,
  • the determined weighting coefficient corresponding to each element in the first transform domain channel response is determined. Specifically:
  • r is a set smoothing factor and 0 ⁇ r ⁇ 1, where N represents the first transform domain channel acquired by the previous channel estimation The offset of the corresponding subframe from the current subframe.
  • the method further includes:
  • the (N c -N F ) zero elements are added to the end of the first transform domain channel response after the weighting process.
  • the second application scenario is: time domain channel estimation.
  • the frequency dimension is set to any subcarrier, and the implementation process of the time domain channel estimation for any subcarrier is the same.
  • the frequency domain channel response is obtained according to the pilot information in the received signal, and the frequency domain channel response is subjected to a first Fourier transform process to obtain a transform domain channel response, which specifically includes:
  • Performing a second Fourier transform process on the weighted processed transform domain channel response to obtain a channel estimate which specifically includes:
  • performing a first Fourier transform process on the second frequency domain channel response to obtain a second transform domain channel response specifically including:
  • the determined weighting coefficients of each element in the channel response of the second transform domain are:
  • P i ',j' is the determined weighting coefficient
  • i' is a frequency domain component, indicating any subcarrier in which the pilot information is inserted and i' is taken (0, 1, 2, ..., N F Any value in -1)
  • j' is the time component
  • ⁇ 2 is the noise power
  • DFT[] represents a discrete Fourier transform
  • J 0 () represents a first-order 0-order Bessel function
  • ⁇ represents the time difference between adjacent two pilot information
  • ff represents the maximum Doppler shift
  • the determined weighting coefficients of each element in the second transform domain channel response are:
  • P i ',j' is the determined weighting coefficient
  • i' is a frequency domain component, indicating any subcarrier in which the pilot information is inserted and i' is taken (0, 1, 2, ..., N F Any value in -1)
  • j' is the time component
  • ⁇ 2 is the noise power
  • X i',j' is the element in the X vector
  • the X vector is specifically:
  • the method further includes:
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a channel estimation device, characterized in that the device comprises:
  • a first transform processing module configured to acquire a frequency domain channel response according to pilot information in the received signal, and perform a first Fourier transform process on the frequency domain channel response to obtain a transform domain channel response;
  • a weighting processing module configured to determine a weighting coefficient corresponding to each element in the channel response of the transform domain, and perform weighting processing on each element in the channel response of the transform domain according to the determined weighting coefficient
  • a second transform processing module configured to perform a second Fourier transform process on the weighted processed transform domain channel response to obtain a channel estimate, wherein the second Fourier transform process and the first Fourier transform
  • the transform processing is inverse to each other.
  • the embodiment of the present invention determines the channel estimation by the two-reciprocal Fourier transform, since the operation of the matrix inversion is not required, the calculation amount of the channel estimation is reduced; in addition, in the embodiment of the present invention, The weighting coefficients weight each element in the transform domain channel response after the first Fourier transform, so that the obtained channel estimate can match the actual channel, ensuring system performance.
  • the first application scenario is: frequency domain channel estimation.
  • the time dimension is set to the current time, and the implementation process of the frequency domain channel estimation for any subframe is the same.
  • the first transform processing module is specifically configured to: acquire, according to pilot information in the received signal, a first frequency domain channel response of the current subframe, and perform first first Fourier on the first frequency domain channel response. Transform processing to obtain a first transform domain channel response, wherein the dimension of the Fourier transform matrix used by the first Fourier transform process is N F ⁇ N F , and N F represents pilot information inserted in the frequency domain dimension Number of
  • the second transform processing module is specifically configured to perform a second Fourier transform process on the weighted processed first transform domain channel response to obtain a channel estimation in a frequency domain dimension, where the second Fourier transform process is used.
  • the dimension of the Fourier transform matrix is N c ⁇ N c , and N c represents the number of channel estimates of the received frequency domain dimension received signals.
  • the weighting coefficients corresponding to the elements in the channel response of the first transform domain determined by the weighting processing module are specifically:
  • P i ', j is the determined weighting coefficient, Representing the i'th element in the first transform domain channel response of the jth subframe, j is a time component and j is the current subframe,
  • the weighting processing module determines a weighting coefficient corresponding to each element in the first transform domain channel response. Specifically:
  • r is a set smoothing factor and 0 ⁇ r ⁇ 1, where N represents the first transform domain channel acquired by the previous channel estimation The offset of the corresponding subframe from the current subframe.
  • the second transform processing module is further configured to: before performing the second Fourier transform processing on the first transform domain channel response after the weighting process:
  • the (N c -N F ) zero elements are added to the end of the first transform domain channel response after the weighting process.
  • the second application scenario is: time domain channel estimation.
  • the frequency dimension is set to any subcarrier, and the implementation process of the time domain channel estimation for any subcarrier is the same.
  • the first transform processing module is specifically configured to: acquire, according to pilot information in the received signal, a second frequency domain channel response of any subcarrier in a time dimension, and the second frequency domain channel And performing a first Fourier transform process to obtain a second transform domain channel response, wherein a dimension of the Fourier transform matrix used by the first Fourier transform process is (2N F -1) ⁇ (2N F - 1), N F represents the number of pilot information inserted in the time dimension;
  • the second transform processing module is specifically configured to perform a second Fourier transform process on the weighted processed second transform domain channel response, and use the first N c elements in the obtained vector as the channel estimation of the time domain dimension.
  • the dimension of the Fourier transform matrix used in the second Fourier transform process is (2N C -1) ⁇ (2N C -1), and N c represents the number of channel estimates of the received time dimension received signal .
  • the first transform processing module is specifically configured to:
  • the weighting coefficient corresponding to each element in the channel response of the second transform domain determined by the weighting processing module is:
  • P i ',j' is the determined weighting coefficient
  • i' is a frequency domain component, indicating any subcarrier in which the pilot information is inserted and i' is taken (0, 1, 2, ..., N F Any value in -1)
  • j' is the time component
  • ⁇ 2 is the noise power
  • DFT[] represents a discrete Fourier transform
  • J 0 () represents a first-order 0-order Bessel function
  • ⁇ represents the time difference between adjacent two pilot information
  • ff represents the maximum Doppler shift
  • the weighting coefficients corresponding to each element in the channel response of the second transform domain determined by the weighting processing module are:
  • P i ',j' is the determined weighting coefficient
  • i' is a frequency domain component, indicating any subcarrier in which the pilot information is inserted and i' is taken (0, 1, 2, ..., N F Any value in -1)
  • j' is the time component
  • ⁇ 2 is the noise power
  • X i',j' is the element in the X vector
  • the X vector is specifically:
  • the second transform processing module is further configured to: before performing the second Fourier transform processing on the second transform domain channel response after the weighting process:
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a receiving end device, the receiving end device comprising a transceiver, and a processor connected to the transceiver, wherein:
  • the transceiver is configured to: receive the signal sent by the transmitting device and the pilot information;
  • the processor is configured to: obtain a frequency domain channel response according to the pilot information in the received signal, and perform a first Fourier transform process on the frequency domain channel response to obtain a transform domain channel response; and determine a transform domain channel response. a weighting coefficient corresponding to each element, and weighting each element in the channel response of the transform domain according to the determined weighting coefficient; and performing a second Fourier transform process on the weighted channel response of the transform domain, Channel estimation, wherein the second Fourier transform process and the first Fourier transform process are inverse operations with each other.
  • the receiving end device determines the channel estimation by using a reciprocal Fourier transform.
  • the calculation of the channel estimation is reduced because the calculation of the matrix inversion is not required.
  • the embodiment of the present invention reduces the calculation amount of the channel estimation. Since each element in the transform domain channel response after the first Fourier transform is weighted according to the determined weighting coefficient, the obtained channel estimation can be matched with the actual channel, thereby ensuring system performance.
  • the first application scenario is: frequency domain channel estimation.
  • the time dimension is set to the current time, and the implementation process of the frequency domain channel estimation for any subframe is the same.
  • the processor is configured to: obtain a first frequency domain channel response of the current subframe according to the pilot information in the received signal, and perform first Fourier transform processing on the first frequency domain channel response.
  • Obtaining a first transform domain channel response wherein a dimension of the Fourier transform matrix used by the first Fourier transform process is N F ⁇ N F , where N F represents the number of pilot information inserted in the frequency domain dimension; Determining a weighting coefficient corresponding to each element in the first transform domain channel response, and performing weighting processing on each element in the first transform domain channel response according to the determined weighting coefficient; and, performing weighting on the first transform domain channel
  • performing a second Fourier transform process to obtain a channel estimation in a frequency domain dimension, wherein a dimension of the Fourier transform matrix used in the second Fourier transform process is N c ⁇ N c , and N c represents the calculated The number of channel estimates for the received signal in the frequency domain dimension.
  • the weighting coefficients corresponding to the elements in the channel response of the first transform domain determined by the processor are specifically:
  • P i ', j is the determined weighting coefficient, Indicates the i'th element in the first transform domain channel response of the jth subframe, j is the time component and j is the current subframe,
  • the processor determines, in the weighting coefficient corresponding to each element in the first transform domain channel response Specifically:
  • r is a set smoothing factor and 0 ⁇ r ⁇ 1, where N represents the first transform domain channel acquired by the previous channel estimation The offset of the corresponding subframe from the current subframe.
  • the processor is further configured to: before performing the second Fourier transform process on the first transform domain channel response after the weighting process:
  • the (N c -N F ) zero elements are added to the end of the first transform domain channel response after the weighting process.
  • the second application scenario is: time domain channel estimation.
  • the frequency dimension is set to any subcarrier, and the implementation process of the time domain channel estimation for any subcarrier is the same.
  • the processor is configured to: obtain, according to the pilot information in the received signal, a second frequency domain channel response of any subcarrier in a time dimension, and perform the first response to the second frequency domain channel response.
  • Fourier transform processing to obtain a second transform domain channel response, wherein the dimension of the Fourier transform matrix used in the first Fourier transform process is (2N F -1) ⁇ (2N F -1), and N F represents a number of pilot information inserted in the time dimension; determining a weighting coefficient corresponding to each element in the channel response of the second transform domain, and performing weighting processing on each element in the channel response of the second transform domain according to the determined weighting coefficient; And performing a second Fourier transform process on the weighted processed second transform domain channel response, and using the first N c elements in the obtained vector as the channel estimation of the time domain dimension, the second Fourier transform processing
  • the dimension of the Fourier transform matrix used is (2N C -1) ⁇ (2N C -1), and N c represents the number of channel estimates of the received time dimension received signal
  • the processor is configured to specifically:
  • the weighting coefficients corresponding to the elements in the channel response of the second transform domain determined by the processor are:
  • P i ',j' is the determined weighting coefficient
  • i' is a frequency domain component, indicating any subcarrier in which the pilot information is inserted and i' is taken (0, 1, 2, ..., N F Any value in -1)
  • j' is the time component
  • ⁇ 2 is the noise power
  • DFT[] represents a discrete Fourier transform
  • J 0 () represents a first-order 0-order Bessel function
  • ⁇ represents the time difference between adjacent two pilot information
  • ff represents the maximum Doppler shift
  • the weighting coefficients corresponding to each element in the channel response of the second transform domain determined by the processor are:
  • P i ',j' is the determined weighting coefficient
  • i' is a frequency domain component, indicating any subcarrier into which the pilot information is inserted and i' takes a fixed value
  • j' is a time component, ⁇ 2
  • X i',j' is the element in the X vector
  • the X vector is specifically:
  • the processor is further configured to: before performing the second Fourier transform process on the second transform domain channel response after the weighting process:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart diagram of a channel estimation method according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a channel estimation apparatus according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of another channel estimation apparatus provided by the present invention.
  • the invention obtains the channel estimation value matched with the actual channel by the two-reciprocal Fourier transform. Since the matrix inversion operation is not needed, the calculation amount of the channel estimation is reduced under the condition of ensuring system performance. .
  • a channel estimation method includes:
  • Step 11 Acquire a frequency domain channel response according to the pilot information in the received signal, and perform a first Fourier transform process on the frequency domain channel response to obtain a transform domain channel response.
  • pilot information can only be inserted in the time axis direction to implement channel estimation, and a frequency domain channel response in a time dimension can be obtained according to the pilot information inserted in the received signal;
  • the pilot information can be inserted in both the time axis and the frequency domain axis, and the frequency domain channel response in the time dimension and the frequency dimension can be obtained according to the pilot information inserted in the received signal, wherein the frequency domain channel is performed.
  • the pilot information is equally spaced in the received signal from the frequency domain dimension; in the time domain channel estimation, the pilot information is also equally spaced in the received signal from the time dimension.
  • Step 12 Determine a weighting coefficient corresponding to each element in the channel response of the transform domain, and perform weighting processing on each element in the channel response of the transform domain according to the determined weighting coefficient.
  • Step 13 Perform a second Fourier transform process on the weighted processed transform domain channel response to obtain a channel estimation, wherein the second Fourier transform process and the first Fourier transform process are mutually inverse operations.
  • the first Fourier transform process and the second Fourier transform process are mutually inverse operations, specifically: if the first Fourier transform process is a discrete Fourier transform (DFT), then the second Fourier The leaf transform process is an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT); if the first Fourier transform is processed as an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT), the second Fourier transform process is a discrete Fourier transform transform ( DFT).
  • DFT discrete Fourier transform
  • IDFT inverse discrete Fourier transform
  • DFT discrete Fourier transform transform
  • the frequency domain channel response is obtained according to the pilot information in the received signal, and the frequency domain channel response is subjected to a first Fourier transform process to obtain a transform domain channel response; and the transform domain channel response is determined. a weighting coefficient corresponding to each element, and weighting each element in the transform domain channel response according to the determined weighting coefficient; and performing a second Fourier transform process on the weighted processed transform domain channel response to obtain a channel estimate.
  • the embodiment of the present invention determines the channel estimation by the two-reciprocal Fourier transform, since the operation of the matrix inversion is not required, the calculation amount of the channel estimation is reduced; in addition, in the embodiment of the present invention, The weighting coefficients weight each element in the transform domain channel response after the first Fourier transform, so that the obtained channel estimate can match the actual channel, ensuring system performance.
  • the executor of the method of the embodiment of the present invention is a receiving end device, and the receiving end device may be a terminal or a base station.
  • the processing is also different, and the determined weighting coefficients are also different.
  • the following describes the frequency domain channel estimation and the time domain channel estimation respectively. .
  • the first application scenario is: frequency domain channel estimation.
  • the time dimension is set to the current time, and the implementation process of the frequency domain channel estimation for any subframe is the same.
  • step 11 is specifically: acquiring, according to pilot information in the received signal, a first frequency domain channel response of the current subframe, and performing first FFT processing on the first frequency domain channel response to obtain a first A transform domain channel response, wherein the dimension of the Fourier transform matrix used by the first Fourier transform process is N F ⁇ N F , and N F represents the number of pilot information inserted in the frequency domain dimension.
  • the frequency domain channel response of the current subframe obtained in this step is recorded as a vector.
  • the frequency domain channel response obtained in this step is the frequency domain channel response of the current subframe, that is, j takes the current subframe, and since it is used to explain the channel estimation in the frequency domain dimension, for ease of understanding, will The label j in the time dimension is omitted, abbreviated as
  • the first frequency domain channel response is subjected to a first Fourier transform process, and the obtained first transform domain channel response is a time domain channel response.
  • N p represents the interval of the pilot information inserted in the frequency domain dimension
  • N c represents the number of channel estimates of the received frequency domain dimension received signal.
  • step 12 is specifically: determining a weighting coefficient corresponding to each element in the channel response of the first transform domain, and performing weighting processing on each element in the channel response of the first transform domain according to the determined weighting coefficient.
  • step 13 is specifically: performing a second Fourier transform process on the weighted processed first transform domain channel response to obtain a channel estimation in a frequency domain dimension, where the second Fourier transform process uses the Fu
  • the dimension of the transform transform matrix is N c ⁇ N c
  • N c represents the calculated number of channel estimates of the received signal in the frequency domain dimension.
  • N p represents the interval of pilot information inserted in the frequency domain dimension.
  • step 11 the first frequency domain channel response of the current subframe is obtained, which specifically includes the following steps:
  • FFT Fast Fourier Transformation
  • the pilot information R i ' inserted in the frequency domain is taken out (the pilot information is equally spaced in the frequency domain dimension, that is, the subcarriers included between any adjacent two subcarriers in which the pilot information is inserted) Equal number);
  • the first frequency domain channel response is subjected to a first Fourier transform process to obtain a first transform domain channel response, which is recorded as a vector.
  • the Each element is Since j is the current subframe, for ease of understanding, Abbreviated as
  • F p is the Fourier transform matrix of the N F ⁇ N F dimension
  • H represents the conjugate transpose
  • step 12 the weighting coefficients corresponding to each element in the channel response of the first transform domain determined are:
  • P i ', j is the determined weighting coefficient, Indicates the i'th element in the first transform domain channel response of the jth subframe, j is a time component and j takes the current subframe,
  • is a modulo operation, ⁇ 2 is a noise power, and ⁇ 2 1 /SNR.
  • step 12 the value of each element after weighting each element in the first transform domain channel response according to the determined weighting coefficient Since j takes the current sub-frame, the above formula can be abbreviated as
  • each P vector obtained by the frequency domain channel response obtained in a period of time may be used.
  • Each element is smoothed to obtain a higher precision weighting coefficient, where P is a vector composed of P i ',j .
  • P is a vector composed of P i ',j .
  • r is a set smoothing factor and 0 ⁇ r ⁇ 1, where N represents the first transform domain channel acquired by the previous channel estimation The offset of the corresponding subframe from the current subframe.
  • the first transform domain channel response after the first Fourier transform process is a vector of the N F dimension
  • the Fourier transform matrix used by the second Fourier transform process is the N c ⁇ N c dimension. a matrix, therefore, after weighting the elements in the first transform domain channel response according to the determined weighting coefficients in step 12, and performing the second transform on the weighted processed first transform domain channel response in step 13 Before the leaf transformation process, the method further includes:
  • the (N c -N F ) zero elements are added to the end of the weighted processed first transform domain channel response such that the first transform domain channel response is a vector of the N C dimension.
  • the superscript T indicates that the matrix or vector is transposed.
  • the second application scenario is: time domain channel estimation.
  • the frequency dimension is set to any subcarrier, and the implementation process of the time domain channel estimation for any subcarrier is the same.
  • step 11 is specifically: acquiring, according to pilot information in the received signal, a second frequency domain channel response of any subcarrier in a time dimension, and performing first first Fourier on the second frequency domain channel response. Transform processing to obtain a second transform domain channel response, wherein the dimension of the Fourier transform matrix used in the first Fourier transform process is (2N F -1) ⁇ (2N F -1), and N F represents the time dimension The number of inserted pilot information.
  • the frequency domain channel response of any carrier acquired in this step in the time dimension is recorded as a vector.
  • the second frequency domain channel response obtained in this step is the frequency domain channel response of any subcarrier in the time dimension, that is, i' takes a fixed value, which can be used for carrying pilot information. Any one of the subcarriers is easy to understand in order to explain the channel estimation in the time dimension.
  • the reference sign i' in the frequency dimension is omitted, abbreviated as
  • step 12 is specifically: determining a weighting coefficient corresponding to each element in the channel response of the second transform domain, and performing weighting processing on each element in the channel response of the second transform domain according to the determined weighting coefficient.
  • step 13 is specifically: performing a second Fourier transform process on the weighted processed second transform domain channel response, and using the first N c elements in the obtained vector as the channel estimation of the time domain dimension,
  • the dimension of the Fourier transform matrix used in the second Fourier transform process is (2N C -1) ⁇ (2N C -1), and N c represents the number of channel estimates of the received time dimension received signals.
  • N p represents the interval of the pilot information inserted in the time dimension.
  • step 11 the first frequency domain channel response of any subcarrier in the time dimension is obtained, which specifically includes the following steps:
  • the pilot information R i',j' inserted in the frequency domain is taken out (here, the pilot information is equally spaced in the time dimension, that is, the sub-frames between any adjacent two subframes in which the pilot information is inserted.
  • the number of frames is equal);
  • step 11 since the second frequency domain channel response is a vector of the N F dimension, and the Fourier transform matrix used by the first Fourier transform process is (2*N F -1 a matrix of ⁇ (2*N F -1) dimensions, and therefore, performing a first Fourier transform process on the second frequency domain channel response to obtain a second transform domain channel response, specifically including:
  • step 12 the weighting coefficients corresponding to each element in the channel response of the second transform domain determined are:
  • P i ',j' is the determined weighting coefficient
  • i' is a frequency domain component, indicating any subcarrier in which the pilot information is inserted and i' is taken (0, 1, 2, ..., N F Any value in -1)
  • j' is the time component
  • ⁇ 2 is the noise power
  • DFT[] represents a discrete Fourier transform
  • J 0 () represents a first-order 0-order Bessel function
  • ⁇ represents the time difference between adjacent two pilot information
  • ff represents the maximum Doppler shift
  • the time correlation coefficient R( ⁇ ) of the two pilot information is J 0 (2 ⁇ *ff* ⁇ ), so that the value of ff can be derived by the formula, and then the first-order 0-order Bessel The function determines the correlation coefficient at multiple points in time.
  • step 12 the weighting coefficients corresponding to each element in the determined second transform domain channel response are:
  • P i ',j' is the determined weighting coefficient
  • i' is a frequency domain component, indicating any subcarrier in which the pilot information is inserted and i' is taken (0, 1, 2, ..., N F Any value in -1)
  • j' is the time component
  • ⁇ 2 is the noise power
  • X i',j' is the element in the X vector
  • the X vector is specifically:
  • the second transform domain channel response obtained after the first Fourier transform process is a vector of (2N F -1) ⁇ 1 dimension, and the Fourier transform matrix used by the second Fourier transform process is used. a matrix of (2N C -1) ⁇ (2N C -1) dimensions, therefore, after weighting the elements in the second transform domain channel response according to the determined weighting coefficients in step 12, and weighting in step 13
  • the processed second transform domain channel response, before performing the second Fourier transform processing, the method further includes:
  • the frequency offset calibration process is performed on the second transform domain channel response after the weighting process, and 2 ⁇ (N c ⁇ N F ) zero elements are added in the middle of the processed second transform domain channel response.
  • the above method processing flow can be implemented by a software program, which can be stored in a storage medium, and when the stored software program is called, the above method steps are performed.
  • a channel estimation apparatus is further provided in the embodiment of the present invention. Since the principle of solving the problem in the subframe is similar to the channel estimation method described above, the implementation of the apparatus can refer to the implementation of the method, and the repetition is no longer Narration.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides a channel estimation apparatus, where the apparatus includes:
  • the first transform processing module 21 is configured to obtain a frequency domain channel response according to the pilot information in the received signal, and perform a first Fourier transform process on the frequency domain channel response to obtain a transform domain channel response.
  • the weighting processing module 22 is configured to determine a weighting coefficient corresponding to each element in the channel response of the transform domain, and perform weighting processing on each element in the channel response of the transform domain according to the determined weighting coefficient;
  • the second transform processing module 23 is configured to perform a second Fourier transform process on the weighted processed transform domain channel response to obtain a channel estimate, where the second Fourier transform process and the first Fourier transform process are mutually For the inverse operation.
  • the first Fourier transform process and the second Fourier transform process are mutually inverse operations, specifically: if the first Fourier transform process is a discrete Fourier transform (DFT), then the second Fourier The leaf transform process is an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT); if the first Fourier transform is processed as an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT), the second Fourier transform process is a discrete Fourier transform transform ( DFT).
  • DFT discrete Fourier transform
  • IDFT inverse discrete Fourier transform
  • DFT discrete Fourier transform transform
  • the device provided by the embodiment of the present invention determines the channel estimation by using the inverse Fourier transform of the two times. Since the operation of the matrix inversion is not required, the calculation amount of the channel estimation is reduced. In addition, in the embodiment of the present invention, Each element in the transform domain channel response after the first Fourier transform is weighted according to the determined weighting coefficient. Therefore, the obtained channel estimation can be matched with the actual channel, thereby ensuring system performance.
  • the device provided by the embodiment of the present invention is a receiving end device, and the receiving end device may be a terminal or a base station.
  • the processing is also different, and the determined weighting coefficients are also different.
  • the following describes the frequency domain channel estimation and the time domain channel estimation respectively. .
  • the first application scenario is: frequency domain channel estimation.
  • the time dimension is set to the current time, and the implementation process of the frequency domain channel estimation for any subframe is the same.
  • the first transform processing module 21 is specifically configured to: obtain, according to pilot information in the received signal, a first frequency domain channel response of the current subframe, and perform first first Fourier on the first frequency domain channel response. Transform processing to obtain a first transform domain channel response, wherein the dimension of the Fourier transform matrix used in the first Fourier transform process is N F ⁇ N F , and N F represents the pilot information inserted in the frequency domain dimension number.
  • the weighting processing module 22 is specifically configured to: determine a weighting coefficient corresponding to each element in the first transform domain channel response, and perform weighting processing on each element in the first transform domain channel response according to the determined weighting coefficient.
  • the second transform processing module 23 is specifically configured to perform a second Fourier transform process on the weighted processed first transform domain channel response to obtain a channel estimation in a frequency domain dimension, where the second Fourier transform process uses The dimension of the Fourier transform matrix is N c ⁇ N c , and N c represents the number of channel estimates of the calculated frequency domain dimension received signals.
  • N p represents the interval of pilot information inserted in the frequency domain dimension.
  • the first transform processing module 21 acquires the first frequency domain channel response of the current subframe, and specifically includes:
  • the weighting coefficients corresponding to the elements in the channel response of the first transform domain determined by the weighting processing module 22 are specifically:
  • P i ', j is the determined weighting coefficient, Representing the i'th element in the first transform domain channel response of the jth subframe, j is a time component and j is the current subframe,
  • the weighting coefficient is determined according to the frequency domain channel response of the current subframe, that is, by single symbol estimation Therefore, the accuracy of the weighting coefficient determined by the weighting processing module 22 is low, so that the frequency domain channel estimation accuracy obtained subsequently is low, and the frequency domain channel response obtained in a period of time can be obtained in order to improve the accuracy of the frequency domain channel estimation.
  • Each element in each P vector is smoothed to obtain a higher precision weighting coefficient, where P is a vector composed of P i ',j .
  • the weighting processing module 22 determines the weighting coefficient corresponding to each element in the first transform domain channel response. Specifically:
  • r is a set smoothing factor and 0 ⁇ r ⁇ 1, where N represents the first transform domain channel acquired by the previous channel estimation The offset of the corresponding subframe from the current subframe.
  • the first transform domain channel response after the first Fourier transform process is a vector of the N F dimension
  • the Fourier transform matrix used by the second Fourier transform process is a N c ⁇ N c dimension.
  • the matrix, therefore, the second transform processing module 23, before performing the second Fourier transform process on the first transform domain channel response after the weighting process, is further used to:
  • the (N c -N F ) zero elements are added to the end of the first transform domain channel response after the weighting process.
  • the second application scenario is: time domain channel estimation.
  • the frequency dimension is set to any subcarrier, and the implementation process of the time domain channel estimation for any subcarrier is the same.
  • the first transform processing module 21 is specifically configured to: acquire, according to pilot information in the received signal, a second frequency domain channel response of any subcarrier in a time dimension, and perform channel response on the second frequency domain.
  • the first Fourier transform process obtains a second transform domain channel response, wherein the dimension of the Fourier transform matrix used by the first Fourier transform process is (2N F -1) ⁇ (2N F -1), N F represents the number of pilot information inserted in the time dimension.
  • the weighting processing module 22 is specifically configured to: determine a weighting coefficient corresponding to each element in the second transform domain channel response, and perform weighting processing on each element in the second transform domain channel response according to the determined weighting coefficient.
  • the second transform processing module 23 is specifically configured to: perform a second Fourier transform process on the weighted processed second transform domain channel response, and use the first N c elements in the obtained vector as the channel estimation of the time domain dimension,
  • the dimension of the Fourier transform matrix used in the second Fourier transform process is (2N C -1) ⁇ (2N C -1), and N c represents the number of channel estimates of the received time dimension received signals.
  • the first transform processing module 21 acquires the first frequency domain channel response of any subcarrier in the time dimension, and specifically includes the following steps:
  • S i,j′ denote pilot information transmitted by the transmitting end
  • R i,j′ is the receiving
  • the pilot information received by the terminal through the channel to be detected; the pilot information R i',j' inserted in the frequency domain is taken out (the pilot information is equally spaced in the time dimension, that is, any two adjacent The number of subframes included in the subframe in which the pilot information is inserted is equal; and, according to the frequency domain received signal, the frequency domain channel response of any subcarrier in the time dimension is obtained, that is, Where S j ' is the frequency domain pilot information transmitted by the transmitting end, Forming a second frequency
  • N p represents the interval of the pilot information inserted in the time dimension.
  • the first transform processing module 21 is specifically used to:
  • the weighting coefficients corresponding to each element in the channel response of the second transform domain determined by the weighting processing module 22 are:
  • P i ',j' is the determined weighting coefficient
  • i' is a frequency domain component, indicating any subcarrier in which the pilot information is inserted and i' is taken (0, 1, 2, ..., N F Any value in -1)
  • j' is the time component
  • ⁇ 2 is the noise power
  • DFT[] represents a discrete Fourier transform
  • J 0 () represents a first-order 0-order Bessel function
  • ⁇ represents the time difference between adjacent two pilot information
  • ff represents the maximum Doppler shift
  • the weighting coefficients corresponding to each element in the second transform domain channel response determined by the weighting processing module 22 are:
  • P i ',j' is the determined weighting coefficient
  • i' is a frequency domain component, indicating any subcarrier in which the pilot information is inserted and i' is taken (0, 1, 2, ..., N F Any value in -1)
  • j' is the time component
  • ⁇ 2 is the noise power
  • X i',j' is the element in the X vector
  • the X vector is specifically:
  • the second transform domain channel response obtained after the first Fourier transform process is a vector of (2N F -1) ⁇ 1 dimension, and the Fourier transform matrix used by the second Fourier transform process is used. a matrix of (2N C -1) ⁇ (2N C -1) dimensions, therefore, the second transform processing module 23 performs the second transform domain channel response after the weighting process, before performing the second Fourier transform process, Used for:
  • the second transform processing module 23 performs frequency offset calibration processing on the weighted second transform domain channel response, and then adds 2 ⁇ (N c -N F in the middle of the processed second transform domain channel response. ) a zero element.
  • the receiving device includes a transceiver 31 and a processor 32 coupled to the transceiver 31, wherein:
  • the transceiver 31 is configured to receive a signal sent by the transmitting device and pilot information
  • the processor 32 is configured to obtain a frequency domain channel response according to the pilot information in the received signal, and perform a first Fourier transform process on the frequency domain channel response to obtain a transform domain channel response; and determine a transform domain channel response. a weighting coefficient corresponding to each element, and weighting each element in the channel response of the transform domain according to the determined weighting coefficient; and performing a second Fourier transform process on the weighted channel response of the transform domain, Channel estimation, wherein the second Fourier transform process and the first Fourier transform process are inverse operations with each other.
  • the first Fourier transform process and the second Fourier transform process are mutually inverse operations, specifically: if the first Fourier transform process is a discrete Fourier transform (DFT), then the second Fourier The leaf transform process is an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT); if the first Fourier transform is processed as an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT), the second Fourier transform process is a discrete Fourier transform transform ( DFT).
  • DFT discrete Fourier transform
  • IDFT inverse discrete Fourier transform
  • DFT discrete Fourier transform transform
  • the receiving end device determines the channel estimation by using a reciprocal Fourier transform.
  • the calculation of the channel estimation is reduced because the calculation of the matrix inversion is not required.
  • the embodiment of the present invention reduces the calculation amount of the channel estimation. Since each element in the transform domain channel response after the first Fourier transform is weighted according to the determined weighting coefficient, the obtained channel estimation can be matched with the actual channel, thereby ensuring system performance.
  • the present invention provides that the receiving end device can be a terminal or a base station.
  • the processing is also different, and the determined weighting coefficients are also different.
  • the following describes the frequency domain channel estimation and the time domain channel estimation respectively. .
  • the first application scenario is: frequency domain channel estimation.
  • the time dimension is set to the current time, and the implementation process of the frequency domain channel estimation for any subframe is the same.
  • the processor 32 is configured to: obtain a first frequency domain channel response of the current subframe according to the pilot information in the received signal, and perform a first Fourier transform on the first frequency domain channel response. Processing, obtaining a first transform domain channel response, wherein a dimension of the Fourier transform matrix used by the first Fourier transform process is N F ⁇ N F , and N F represents the number of pilot information inserted in the frequency domain dimension Determining a weighting coefficient corresponding to each element in the channel response of the first transform domain, and weighting each element in the channel response of the first transform domain according to the determined weighting coefficient; and, the first transform domain after the weighting process Channel response, performing a second Fourier transform process to obtain a channel estimation in a frequency domain dimension, wherein the dimension of the Fourier transform matrix used in the second Fourier transform process is N c ⁇ N c , and N c is calculated
  • the frequency domain dimension receives the number of channel estimates for the signal.
  • the weighting coefficients corresponding to the elements in the channel response of the first transform domain determined by the processor 32 are specifically:
  • P i ', j is the determined weighting coefficient, Representing the i'th element in the first transform domain channel response of the jth subframe, j is a time component and j is the current subframe,
  • the weighting coefficient is determined according to the frequency domain channel response of the current subframe, that is, by single symbol estimation Therefore, the accuracy of the weighting coefficients determined by the processor 32 is low, so that the frequency domain channel estimation accuracy obtained subsequently is low.
  • the frequency domain channel responses obtained in a period of time can be obtained.
  • Each element in the P vector is smoothed to obtain a higher precision weighting coefficient, where P is a vector composed of P i ',j .
  • the processor 32 determines the weighting coefficient corresponding to each element in the first transform domain channel response. Specifically:
  • r is a set smoothing factor and 0 ⁇ r ⁇ 1, where N represents the first transform domain channel acquired by the previous channel estimation The offset of the corresponding subframe from the current subframe.
  • the first transform domain channel response after the first Fourier transform process is a vector of the N F dimension
  • the Fourier transform matrix used by the second Fourier transform process is the N c ⁇ N c dimension.
  • the matrix therefore, the processor 32, before performing the second Fourier transform process on the first transform domain channel response after the weighting process, is also used to:
  • the (N c -N F ) zero elements are added to the end of the first transform domain channel response after the weighting process.
  • the second application scenario is: time domain channel estimation.
  • the frequency dimension is set to any subcarrier, and the implementation process of the time domain channel estimation for any subcarrier is the same.
  • the processor 32 is configured to: obtain, according to the pilot information in the received signal, a second frequency domain channel response of any subcarrier in a time dimension, and perform a second frequency domain channel response on the second frequency domain.
  • a Fourier transform process is performed to obtain a second transform domain channel response, wherein the dimension of the Fourier transform matrix used in the first Fourier transform process is (2N F -1) ⁇ (2N F -1), N F Denoting the number of pilot information inserted in the time dimension; determining a weighting coefficient corresponding to each element in the channel response of the second transform domain, and weighting each element in the channel response of the second transform domain according to the determined weighting coefficient
  • performing a second Fourier transform process on the weighted processed second transform domain channel response, and using the first N c elements in the obtained vector as the channel estimation of the time domain dimension, the second Fourier transform
  • the dimension of the Fourier transform matrix used for processing is (2N C -1) ⁇ (2N C -1), and N c represents the number of channel estimates of the received
  • processor 32 is configured specifically for:
  • the weighting coefficients corresponding to each element in the channel response of the second transform domain determined by the processor 32 are:
  • P i ',j' is the determined weighting coefficient
  • i' is a frequency domain component, indicating any subcarrier in which the pilot information is inserted and i' is taken (0, 1, 2, ..., N F Any value in -1)
  • j' is the time component
  • ⁇ 2 is the noise power
  • DFT[] represents a discrete Fourier transform
  • J 0 () represents a first-order 0-order Bessel function
  • ⁇ represents the time difference between adjacent two pilot information
  • ff represents the maximum Doppler shift
  • the weighting coefficients corresponding to each element in the second transform domain channel response determined by the processor 32 are:
  • P i ',j' is the determined weighting coefficient
  • i' is a frequency domain component, indicating any subcarrier in which the pilot information is inserted and i' is taken (0, 1, 2, ..., N F Any value in -1)
  • j' is the time component
  • ⁇ 2 is the noise power
  • X i',j' is the element in the X vector
  • the X vector is specifically:
  • the second transform domain channel response obtained after the first Fourier transform process is a vector of (2N F -1) ⁇ 1 dimension
  • the Fourier transform matrix used by the second Fourier transform process is used. It is a matrix of (2N C -1) ⁇ (2N C -1) dimensions. Therefore, the processor 32 is also used to: after performing the second Fourier transform process on the second transform domain channel response after the weighting process:
  • the processor 32 performs frequency offset calibration processing on the weighted second transform domain channel response, and then adds 2 ⁇ (N c —N F ) zeros in the middle of the processed second transform domain channel response. element.
  • first and second are used in the embodiment of the present invention only to distinguish between frequency domain channel estimation and time domain channel estimation, and the number is not limited, where “first” Representing the physical quantities involved in the frequency domain channel estimation process, “second” represents the physical quantities involved in the time domain channel estimation process.
  • embodiments of the present invention can be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, the invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) including computer usable program code.
  • computer-usable storage media including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.
  • the computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising the instruction device.
  • the apparatus implements the functions specified in one or more blocks of a flow or a flow and/or block diagram of the flowchart.
  • These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device such that a series of operational steps are performed on a computer or other programmable device to produce computer-implemented processing for execution on a computer or other programmable device.
  • the instructions provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more of the flow or in a block or blocks of a flow diagram.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et dispositif d'estimation de canal, qui sont utilisés pour résoudre le problème de la complexité élevée des calculs de l'algorithme de filtrage MMSE de l'estimation de canal existante. Le procédé comporte les étapes consistant: en fonction d'informations de fréquence pilote figurant dans un signal reçu, à acquérir une réponse de canal dans le domaine fréquentiel, et à réaliser un premier traitement de transformée de Fourier sur la réponse de canal dans le domaine fréquentiel, de façon à obtenir une réponse de canal en domaine transformé; à déterminer un coefficient de pondération correspondant à chaque élément de la réponse de canal en domaine transformé, et à pondérer chaque élément de la réponse de canal en domaine transformé selon le coefficient de pondération déterminé; et à réaliser un deuxième traitement de transformée de Fourier sur la réponse pondérée de canal en domaine transformé, de façon à obtenir l'estimation de canal, le premier traitement de transformée de Fourier et le deuxième traitement de transformée de Fourier étant des opérations mutuellement inverses. Dans les modes de réalisation de la présente invention, l'estimation de canal est déterminée en réalisant une transformée de Fourier mutuellement inverse à deux reprises, en sorte qu'il n'est pas nécessaire de procéder à l'opération d'inversion de matrice, ce qui a pour effet de réduire la quantité de calculs de l'estimation de canal.
PCT/CN2014/094740 2013-12-27 2014-12-24 Procédé et dispositif d'estimation de canal WO2015096716A1 (fr)

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