WO2015095989A1 - 膜下滴灌水稻栽培方法 - Google Patents
膜下滴灌水稻栽培方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015095989A1 WO2015095989A1 PCT/CN2013/001653 CN2013001653W WO2015095989A1 WO 2015095989 A1 WO2015095989 A1 WO 2015095989A1 CN 2013001653 W CN2013001653 W CN 2013001653W WO 2015095989 A1 WO2015095989 A1 WO 2015095989A1
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- rice
- fertilizer
- irrigation
- water
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 203
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 203
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 198
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
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- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims description 203
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 96
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- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation methods, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating rice under the film by drip irrigation.
- Rice is an important food crop in China.
- paddy fields (3-10cm in the field water layer) are mainly planted in paddy fields.
- China is one of the 13 poor countries in the world, and it is also a large agricultural country.
- Agricultural water accounts for the total water consumption. 70 ⁇ 80%, especially in arid and semi-arid areas, the agricultural water consumption reaches more than 90%, while the total water consumption of rice fields accounts for more than 65% of agricultural water use.
- Due to changes in the global climate in recent years, spring droughts, summers and droughts have often occurred, resulting in a large-scale reduction in rice planting areas in the north, which has severely hampered the enthusiasm of producers of rice farmers.
- the technical methods of using rice mulching to carry out rice field cultivation (referred to as dry cropping) to achieve temperature increase, water saving and yield increase have been promoted and applied in rice planting areas nationwide.
- the Chinese patent 200710169613. 8 discloses the "dry cultivation method for drip irrigation under rice direct seeding film".
- the drip irrigation belt, film laying and sowing are completed by a special seeding machine.
- the drip irrigation belt is located under the plastic film and connects the drip irrigation belt to the water delivery system. According to the growth of crops, drip fertigation should be carried out in a timely and appropriate amount.
- the key technology of the submerged drip irrigation cultivation method for rice in this technology is only a preliminary plan. After many years of practice, it is not very reasonable, and the method of drip irrigation cultivation technology of other field crops which is currently widely promoted in Xinjiang is due to Various reasons can not be directly applied to the rice membrane drip irrigation production process.
- the invention provides a method for cultivating rice under the film under drip irrigation, and rationally configures the key technology in the process of rice cultivation under drip irrigation under the film, and proposes a technical system for drip irrigation of rice under a wide film planting film, and satisfies the density of rice planted under drip irrigation under the film. Under the premise of water and fertilizer supply requirements, it lays a foundation for high yield and high efficiency of rice drip irrigation.
- the present invention provides a method for cultivating the rice under the film, including seed preparation, land preparation, sowing, seedling management, irrigation management, fertilization management, and pest control, and the planting density is 3. 33-3. 10,000 points/mu, preferably 333,000 points/mu; or seeding density is 3. 05-3. 26,000 points/mu, preferably 3.05 million points/mu.
- the film width is 215-225 cm, preferably 220 cm; the plant spacing is 9-lOcnj: the planting width is 235-245 cm, preferably 240 cm; Best configuration mode for three rows and twelve rows:
- 3 capillaries are evenly distributed among 12 rows of rice.
- the film width is 155-165 cm, preferably 160 cm; the plant spacing is 9-lOcm; the planting width is 170-180 cm, preferably 175 cm; Eight rows of line spacing preparation: 12. 5cm +26cm +12. 5cm+26cm+12. 5cm+26cm +12. 5cm+47cm, 2 capillary tubes are evenly distributed among 8 rows of rice.
- the land preparation includes the control of weeds, the weed control is performed by soil sealing treatment before sowing, the mixed herbicide is sprayed, and the mixed herbicide is sprayed again 15-25 days after sowing.
- the rooting agent is applied with the water droplets after the sowing of the rice to the tillering time, and the dosage is 1. 5-2. 5 times the recommended amount of the manufacturer.
- the seedling cultivating is cultivating in the three-leaf stage, and the ploughing depth is 15-20 cm.
- the irrigation management is an irrigation quota of 10500 ⁇ 12000 m7hm 2 in the whole growth period of rice; preferably, it is 38-45 times of drip irrigation in the whole growth period of rice, the irrigation period is 3-4 days, and the irrigation period of the water demand peak period is 1 -2 days.
- the seedling water When the soil moisture is poor after sowing, the seedling water is dripped in time after sowing, and the water is poured 2 ⁇ 3 times, and the total irrigation amount is 900 ⁇ 1200m7hm 2 ;
- the irrigation was carried out 8 ⁇ 10 times, and the total amount of irrigation was 2400 ⁇ 2700m7hm 2 ;
- the fertilization management has a pure nitrogen application amount of -330-345 kg/hm 2 in the whole growth period of the under-film drip irrigation rice; preferably 330 kg/hm 2 ; more preferably, the fertilization management is under-film drip irrigation rice in the whole growth of the total amount of manure fertilizer 15 ⁇ 20t / hm 2, a water-soluble organic fertilizer 120- 150kg / hm 2, pure nitrogen 300-330kg / hm 2, P 2 0 s 150-160kg / hm 2, K 2 070-90kg /hm 2 , water-soluble silicon fertilizer 25 ⁇ 30kg/hm 2 , boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer 7-8kg/hm
- Rice field is fertilized by seedlings. If the land is salty, the fertility is uneven, the nutrient is insufficient, and the seedlings are thin, the pure nitrogen can be divided into 2 ⁇ 3 times with the water droplets. 20-30 kg/hm 2 , P 2 0 5 25 ⁇ 30kg/hra 2 , K 2 0 10 ⁇ 15kg/hm 2 And zinc fertilizer 3. 5 ⁇ 4kg / hm 2 promote seedling growth;
- the fertilizer was diluted 2 ⁇ 3 times, and the total fertilization amount was 110-120kg/hm 2 of pure nitrogen, P 2 0 5 35 ⁇ 40kg/hm 2 , K 2 0 25 ⁇ 30kg/hm 2 and water-soluble organic U 60-75kg. /hm 2 ;
- the fertilizer is diluted 3 ⁇ 4 times, the total fertilization amount is 50 ⁇ 60kg/hm 2 of pure nitrogen, P 2 0 5 30 ⁇ 40kg/hm 2 , K 2 0 25 ⁇ 30kg/hm 2 , water-soluble organic fertilizer 60-75kg /hm 2 .
- Rice seeds have about 5 mm of awns due to their own traits, and the seed epidermis has short hairs and strong cockroaches, which causes the seeds to block each other during mechanized sowing, and it is impossible to realize the requirements of large-area mechanized live broadcast precision. After sowing, the seeds are uneven and the seedlings are not uniform. Therefore, before seeding, rice seeds must be de-mantled and treated with a special small-scale removal machine. Each batch of seed treatment time is 4-6 minutes to achieve better results.
- the control of weeds in rice under drip irrigation is mainly to spray the compound herbicide before planting to eliminate the soil, so as to ensure the harm of weeds is minimized.
- the whole growth period of rice under drip irrigation is combined with chemical and artificial weeds to remove weeds: the soil is closed for 5 days before sowing, and 80g of herbicide is sprayed per mu, and the rice is drip-irrigated under the film.
- the first peak of weeds occurred 15 to 25 days after sowing, at which time 60 g of mixed herbicide was sprayed per acre.
- the specific type of the drug to be used can be selected and mixed according to the type of the local field weed.
- the soil should be suitable for soil organic matter content of 1.5% or more, alkali-soluble nitrogen 50mg/kg or more, quick-acting phosphorus greater than 18m g /kg, moderate soil fertility, and small saline-alkali farmland, which is conducive to high yield.
- the temperature of 5 cm under the membrane When the temperature of 5 cm under the membrane is stably passed through 15'C or more, it can be sown.
- the general year is mid-April in April and the middle and late April in northern Xinjiang.
- the seed amount is determined according to the weight of 25g, and the seeding amount per hectare is controlled by drip irrigation.
- the planting amount of the rice is about 120 ⁇ 150kg per hectare; the species with smaller 1000-grain weight can be adjusted to the smaller seed hole, and vice versa. Holes, to ensure that the number of seeds per hole is 7-9.
- the patent number 201310307046. 3 of the auger type soil-covering planting equipment the seeding density is 3.33- 3. 6 acupoints/mu, preferably 333,000 holes/mu, the membrane width is 220 cm, the plant spacing is 9-10 cm, One membrane, three tubes and twelve rows: 13cm+24cm+13cm+20cm+13cm+24cm+13cm+20cm+13cm+24cm+13cm+50cm line spacing configuration mode, 3 capillary tubes are evenly distributed among 12 rows of rice, placing capillary average The line spacing is 78cm. In the seeding mode, the row spacing and the plant spacing can be floated in a small range according to the actual situation of the seeding machine. As long as the seeding density is ensured, the on-site installation according to the size of the seeding tray and the planting box of the seeding machine is appropriately adjusted to ensure the cultivation of the single membrane.
- the width is 240cm.
- the seeding density is 3. 05-3. 26 million holes / acre (preferably 35,000 holes / acre)
- the film width is 150cm
- the plant spacing is 10cm
- the planting width is 165cm
- the row spacing is prepared: 10cm +26cm +10cm+26 cra+10 cm +26cm +10cm+47cm. 5 ⁇
- the average of the two rows of capillary tubes between the rows of rice, the average spacing between the placement of capillary tubes is 82. 5cm.
- Root system is an important organ for rice to absorb nutrients, which directly affects the growth and development of rice.
- Rice has poor resistance to seedlings and is highly susceptible to severe weather such as low temperature and drought. Therefore, in order to increase the emergence rate, promote root development, and improve the stress resistance of rice, rice plants can be treated with root-promoting agents or root-strengthening agents in the seedling stage under drip irrigation, generally after rice sowing and before the tillering stage. 3-5 times, the recommended amount of the manufacturer is generally the root of the plant.
- the amount of the specific rooting agent can be selected according to the local market survey. The dosage is 1. 5-2. 5 times.
- the dosage is 1. 5-2. 5 times, the rice plant height, the rice chlorophyll
- the content the average number of rice mites, the net photosynthetic rate of rice, the transpiration rate of rice leaves, and the cell gap C0 2 concentration in rice leaves (the higher the cell gap C0 2 concentration, the stronger the respiration of the leaves, the more energy the crop absorbs.
- the purpose of cultivating is mainly weeding, and the seedling height of the three-leaf stage is about 15cm. In this period, the damage of the plants in the side row is relatively small. After the three-leaf period, a large amount of irrigation and fertilization will be started, and then the cultivating will increase the agricultural machinery. The difficulty of operation.
- the total irrigation volume is 900 ⁇ 1200m 3 /hm.
- the irrigation was carried out 8 to 10 times, and the total amount of irrigation was 2400 ⁇ 2700m7hm 2 .
- the total amount of irrigation is 1200 ⁇ ; L500m 3 /hm 2 .
- the dripping water is 14 ⁇ 16 times, and the total amount of irrigation is 3300 ⁇ 3600m 3 /hffl 2 . After the rice wax is cooked, the water can be stopped.
- the target yield and fertilization amount should be determined.
- the fertilization of rice should adopt the principle of combining organic and inorganic. At the same time, it should pay attention to the combination of fertilization technology and high-yield cultivation techniques, especially Water and fertilizer joint regulation.
- the total fertilization amount during the whole growth period is: ⁇ fertilizer (mixed chicken and cow dung after decomposing by mass ratio 3: 2) 15 ⁇ 20t/hm 2 , water-soluble organic fertilizer 120-150kg/hm 2 , water-soluble organic fertilizer purchased from Weifang City The Fusarium oxysporum series produced by Wofeng Biological Fertilizer Co., Ltd.
- Rice field is fertilized by seedlings. If the land is salty, the fertility is uneven, the nutrient is insufficient, and the seedlings are thin, the pure nitrogen can be divided into 2 ⁇ 3 times with the water droplets, 20-30 kg/hm 2 , P 2 0 s 25 ⁇ 30kg/hm K 2 0 10 ⁇ 15kg/hm 2 and zinc fertilizer 3. 5 ⁇ 4kg/hm 2 promote seedling growth.
- the tillering stage is a key period for vegetative growth of rice, which determines the quantity and nutrient storage status of effective tillering.
- pure nitrogen can be applied to water with 110-120kg/hm 2 , ⁇ 30 ⁇ 40kg/hm 2 , K 2 . 0 10 ⁇ 15kg/hm 2 , water-soluble silicon fertilizer 25 ⁇ 30kg/hm 2 , boron fertilizer 7 ⁇ 8kg/hm 2 and zinc fertilizer 3. 5 ⁇ 4kg/hm 2 to promote the effective tiller number and nutrient storage quality of rice.
- the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of rice at jointing stage are very strong; the application of water and fertilizer to weak seedlings should be advanced, and the seedlings and strong seedlings should be appropriately delayed.
- the fertilizer can be diluted 2 ⁇ 3 times, and the total fertilization amount is 110-120kg/hm. 2 , P 2 0 5 35 ⁇ 40kg/hm z , K 2 0 25 ⁇ 30kg/hm 2 and water-soluble organic fertilizer 60-75kg/hm 2 .
- Spike fertilizer - the flowering stage and the rapid growth of young ears are the key period for the formation of spike numbers. During this period, the fertilizer can be diluted 3 ⁇ 4 times.
- the total fertilization amount is 50 ⁇ 60kg/hm 2 of pure nitrogen, P 2 0 6 30 ⁇ 40kg/hm 2 , K 2 0 25 ⁇ 30kg/hm 2 , water-soluble organic fertilizer 60- 75kg/hm 2 .
- the applicant also studied the amount of fertilizer absorbed in each stage of rice under drip irrigation. It can be obtained in various periods of rice growth, and the application of the fertilizer amount according to the present invention can meet the demand of fertilizer at various stages of the rice under the membrane, and at the same time, no waste of fertilizer is generated, and the values of the rice under the membrane are drip irrigation: the number of effective spikes The number of kernels per panicle, the number of grains per serving, and the weight of 1000 grains reached the final.
- the film used in the present invention has a film width of 105 cm or 145 cm and is a conventional film for cotton cultivation in Xinjiang, but the film has a low land utilization rate, resulting in a relatively low seeding density, and it is difficult to adjust the plant spacing to increase the seeding density;
- the ground coverage is low and the exposed area is large, resulting in relatively large weeds. Therefore, under the same conditions of other planting conditions, the use of wide membrane planting yield is relatively high.
- the quality is related to the management of water and fertilizer, and there is little relationship between membrane weight and membrane width.
- the invention increases the application of the herbicide and the seedling root-promoting agent on the basis of the original technology, and has more specific requirements for the watering time and the fertilizer amount: the watering time is more specific, and the original technology is According to the soil water content during the growth period, it is difficult to operate according to the actual soil area.
- the current technology quantifies and optimizes the number of watering times (the number of fertilization times) and the total amount of irrigation (fertilization amount) in each growth period. After a few years of data summary analysis; the original technology only describes the amount of fertilizer applied throughout the growing period, the current technology on the basis of changing the total amount of fertilization, the amount of fertilization specific to each birth period, the operation is more convenient.
- Figure 1 is a comparison of the effective panicles between different densities of rice under drip irrigation
- Figure 2 is a comparison of the number of real grains between different densities of rice under drip irrigation
- Figure 3 is a comparison of seed setting rates between different densities of rice under drip irrigation
- Figure 4 shows the comparison of yields between different densities of rice under drip irrigation.
- the water-soluble organic fertilizer is purchased from a series of sphaeroides produced by Weifang Wofeng Biological Fertilizer Co., Ltd.
- the steps of drip irrigation of rice under the film of the present invention are as follows: 1. Seed preparation
- the rice seeds Before the sowing, the rice seeds must be de-mantled and treated with a special small-scale removal machine.
- the processing time of each batch of seeds is 5 minutes to achieve the desired effect.
- the whole growth period of rice under drip irrigation is combined with chemical and artificial weeds to remove weeds: Generally, the soil is closed for 5 days before sowing, and 80g of herbicide is sprayed per acre. The first peak of weeds appeared 15 days after sowing, at which time 60 g of mixed herbicide was sprayed per acre.
- the specific type of the drug to be used can be selected and mixed according to the type of the local field weed.
- the soil should be suitable for soil organic matter content 1. 5% or more, alkali nitrogen
- quick-acting phosphorus is more than 18mg/kg, moderate soil fertility, and farmland with small saline and alkali content, which is conducive to high yield.
- the temperature of 5 cm under the membrane When the temperature of 5 cm under the membrane is stable, it can be sown through 15'C or more.
- the general year is Southern Xinjiang in mid-April, and Northern Xinjiang in mid-April.
- the seed amount is determined according to the weight of 25g, and the seeding amount per hectare is determined by the milli-grain weight of 25g.
- the seeding amount of the rice under the membrane is about 120kg per hectare; the variety with less 1000-grain weight can adjust the seed hole appropriately, and vice versa. Make sure that the number of seeds per hole is 7-9.
- the planting method is carried out by using improved auger type soil-covering equipment.
- the patent number of the auger type soil-covering equipment is 201310307046. 3, the seeding density is 333,000 points/mu, the membrane width is 220cm, the plant spacing is 10cm, and a membrane, three tubes and twelve tubes are used.
- the rice field can be treated with root-promoting agent or root-strengthening agent.
- the rice is applied 3 times before the tillering period, and the dosage is 200ml.
- the specific rooting agent can be used according to the type. 0 ⁇ The amount of the recommended amount of the manufacturer is 2.0 times.
- cultivating can achieve the purpose of loosening the soil, maintaining soil moisture and eliminating weeds.
- the tip of the shovel is required to cut the soil, crush it and raise it along the shovel surface to the dividing board, with a depth of 15 cm. Do not press the seedlings, do not fold the seedlings.
- the purpose of cultivating is mainly to weed.
- Irrigation management There are large differences in irrigation systems under different regions and different soil texture conditions. Under normal circumstances, the rice is drip irrigation for 40 times during the whole growth period, the irrigation period is 3 ⁇ 4d, the irrigation period of the water demand peak is adjusted to 1 ⁇ 2 days, and the irrigation quota is 12000m 3 /hm 2 .
- the seedling water When the soil moisture is poor after sowing, the seedling water is dripped in time after sowing, and the water is irrigated twice, and the total irrigation amount is 1200ra7hm 2 .
- the irrigation was carried out 9 times, and the total amount of irrigation was 2700 mVhm 2 .
- the total amount of irrigation is 3600m7hm 2 , and the rice can be stopped after the wax is cooked.
- the target yield and fertilization amount should be determined.
- the fertilization of rice should adopt the principle of combining organic and inorganic. At the same time, it should pay attention to the combination of fertilization technology and high-yield cultivation techniques, especially Water and fertilizer joint regulation.
- the total fertilization amount during the whole growth period is: ⁇ fertilizer (mixed chicken manure and cow manure after decomposing at a mass ratio of 3: 2) 20t/hm 2 , water-soluble organic fertilizer 120kg/hra 2 , pure nitrogen 330kg/hm 2 , ⁇ 155kg / hm 2 5 ⁇ /hm 2 , B 2 0 90 kg / hm 2 , water-soluble silicon fertilizer 25kg / hm 2 , boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer each 7. 5kg / hm 2 .
- Fertilization is carried out in rice fields due to seedlings. If the land is salty, the fertility is uneven, the nutrient is insufficient, and the seedlings are thin, the pure nitrogen can be applied 2 ⁇ 3 times with the water droplets 22kg/hm 2 , P 2 0 5 25kg/hm 2 , K 2 0 15kg / hm 2 and zinc fertilizer 3. 5kg / hm 2 promote seedling growth.
- the tillering stage is a critical period for rice vegetative growth, which determines the quantity and nutrient storage status of effective tillers.
- pure nitrogen can be applied to the water with 120 kg/hm 2 , P 2 0 5 34kg/hm ⁇ K 2 0 15kg. /hm 2 , water soluble 25kg/hm 2 of silicon fertilizer, 7. 5kg/hra 2 of boron fertilizer and 4kg/hm 2 of zinc fertilizer to promote the effective tiller number and nutrient storage quality of rice.
- Jointing fertilizer - vegetative growth and reproductive growth of rice at jointing stage are very strong; weak seedlings should be applied in advance, and the seedlings and strong seedlings should be appropriately delayed, and the fertilizer can be diluted 2 ⁇ 3 times.
- the total fertilization amount is 120kg of pure nitrogen.
- the total fertilization amount is 60kg/hm 2 of pure nitrogen, P 2 0 5 37kg/hm 2 , K 2 0 30kg/hm 2 and 60kg/hm of water-soluble organic fertilizer.
- the steps of drip irrigation of rice under the film of the present invention are as follows:
- the rice seeds Before seeding, the rice seeds must be de-mantled and treated with a special small-scale removal machine.
- the treatment time of each batch of seeds is 4 minutes to achieve better results.
- the whole growth period of rice under drip irrigation is combined with chemical and artificial weeds to remove weeds: the soil is closed for 5 days before sowing, and 80g of herbicide is sprayed per acre.
- the first peak of weeds appeared 15 days after sowing, at which time 60 g of mixed herbicide was sprayed per acre.
- the specific type of the drug to be used can be selected and mixed according to the type of the local field weed.
- the soil should be suitable for soil organic matter content 1.5% or more, alkali nitrogen 50mg/kg or more, quick-acting phosphorus greater than 18mg/kg, medium-level soil fertility, and small saline-alkali farmland, which is conducive to high yield.
- the temperature of 5 cm under the membrane When the temperature of 5 cm under the membrane is stably passed through 15'C or more, it can be sown.
- the general year is mid-April in April and the middle and late April in northern Xinjiang.
- the seed amount is determined according to the weight of 25g, and the seeding amount per hectare is determined by drip irrigation of rice under the membrane.
- the seeding amount per hectare of rice under drip irrigation is about 150kg; the variety with smaller 1000-grain weight can be adjusted to reduce the seed hole, and vice versa. Make sure that the number of seeds per hole is 7-9.
- the rice field can be treated with root-promoting agent or root-strengthening agent.
- the rice is applied twice with water droplets before sowing until the tillering stage.
- the dosage of specific rooting agent can be based on 5 ⁇
- the amount of the recommended amount of the manufacturer is 1.5 times.
- cultivating can achieve the purpose of loosening the soil, maintaining soil moisture and eliminating weeds.
- the tip of the shovel is required to cut the soil, crush it and raise it along the shovel surface to the dividing board, with a depth of 20 cm. Do not press the seedlings, do not fold the seedlings.
- the purpose of cultivating is mainly to weed.
- the rice is drip irrigation for 45 times during the whole growth period, the irrigation period is 3 ⁇ 4d, the irrigation period of the water demand peak is adjusted to 1 ⁇ 2 days, and the irrigation quota is 10500mVhm 2 .
- the seedling water is dripped in time after sowing, and the irrigation is carried out 3 times.
- the total irrigation amount is 900mVhm.
- the irrigation was carried out 10 times, and the total amount of irrigation was 2400 m 3 /hm 2 .
- the total amount of irrigation is 3300m7hm 2 , and the rice can be stopped after the wax is cooked.
- the target yield and fertilization amount are determined according to the soil fertility status and fertilizer effect of the rice planting.
- the fertilization of rice should be based on the combination of organic and inorganic principles.
- attention should be paid to the combination of fertilization technology and high-yield cultivation techniques, especially Pay attention to the joint regulation of water and fertilizer.
- the total amount of fertilization during the whole growth period is: After cooking, chicken manure and cow manure are mixed at a mass ratio of 3:2) 20t/hm 2 , water-soluble organic fertilizer 150kg/hm 2 , pure nitrogen 320kg/hm 2 , P 2 0 5 160kg /hm 2 , K 2 0 70kg/hm 2 , water-soluble silicon fertilizer 30kg / hm 2 , boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer each 8k g / hm 2 .
- the farmyard manure When the winter and autumn turn over the ground, the farmyard manure is applied, and the manure is applied evenly at a time (the chicken manure and cow dung are mixed 3: 2 after decomposing) 20t/hm 2 , the diammonium 50kg/hm 2 , then the deep turn, the plow depth is 27 ⁇ 30cm, smooth after plowing.
- paddy seedlings fertilization when the land partial salt, uneven fertility, nutritional deficiencies, when the thin sheet seedling point, can be divided into 2 to 3 times with water droplets nitrogen application 30kg / hm 2, P 2 0 5 25kg / hm 2 , K 2 0 10kg/hm 2 and zinc fertilizer 4kg/hm 2 promote seedling growth.
- the tillering stage is a key period for rice vegetative growth, which determines the quantity and nutrient storage status of effective tillers.
- pure nitrogen can be applied to the water with 110kg/hm 2 , P 2 0 5 38kg/hm 2 , K 2 0 10kg/hm 2 .
- the vegetative growth and reproductive growth of rice at jointing stage are very strong; the application of water and fertilizer to weak seedlings should be advanced, and the seedlings and strong seedlings should be appropriately delayed.
- the fertilizer can be diluted 2 ⁇ 3 times, and the total fertilization amount is 114kg/hm 2 of pure nitrogen. P 2 0 5 35kg/hm 2 , K 2 0 25kg/hm 2 and water-soluble organic fertilizer 75kg/hm 2 0
- the total fertilization amount is 55kg/hm 2 of pure nitrogen, P 2 0 5 35kg/hm 2 , K 2 0 25kg/hm 2 , and water-soluble organic fertilizer 75kg/hm.
- the steps of drip irrigation of rice under the film of the present invention are as follows:
- the rice seeds Before the sowing, the rice seeds must be de-mantled and treated with a special small-scale removal machine.
- the treatment time of each batch of seeds is 6 minutes to achieve the desired effect.
- quick-acting phosphorus is more than 18mg/kg, moderate soil fertility, and farmland with small saline and alkali content, which is conducive to high yield.
- the temperature of 5 cm under the membrane When the temperature of 5 cm under the membrane is stable, it can be sown through 15'C or more.
- the general year is South Xinjiang in the middle of the month, and the northern Xinjiang is in the middle and late April.
- the seed amount is determined according to the weight of 25g, and the seeding amount per hectare is controlled by the mechanical dredging of the rice under the film.
- the seed with a small grain weight can be adjusted to the small hole, and vice versa. Make sure that the number of seeds per hole is 7-9.
- the planting method is carried out by using improved auger type soil-covering equipment.
- the patent number of the auger type soil-covering planting equipment is 201310307046. 3, the seeding density is 36,000 holes/mu, the film width is 220cm, the plant spacing is 9cm, and a membrane three tubes are used.
- the rice field can be treated with root-promoting agent or root-strengthening agent.
- the rice is applied twice with water droplets before sowing until the tillering stage.
- the dosage of specific rooting agent can be based on 5 ⁇
- the amount of the recommended amount of the manufacturer is 2.5 times.
- cultivating can achieve the purpose of loosening the soil, maintaining soil moisture and eliminating weeds.
- the tip of the shovel is required to cut the soil, crush it and raise it along the shovel surface to the dividing board, with a depth of 18 cm. Do not press the seedlings, do not fold the seedlings.
- the purpose of cultivating is mainly to weed.
- the rice is drip irrigation for 38 times during the whole growth period, the irrigation period is 3 ⁇ 4d, the irrigation period of the peak water demand period is adjusted to 1 ⁇ 2 days, and the irrigation quota is 11250m7hm 2 .
- the irrigation was carried out 8 times, and the total amount of irrigation was 2550 m7hm 2 .
- the rice was dripped 9 times, and the total amount of irrigation was 2850 mVhm 2 .
- the total amount of irrigation is 3450in 3 /hm 2 , and the rice can be stopped after the wax is cooked.
- the target yield and fertilization amount should be determined.
- the fertilization of rice should adopt the principle of combining organic and inorganic. At the same time, it should pay attention to the combination of fertilization technology and high-yield cultivation techniques, especially Water and fertilizer joint regulation.
- the total fertilization amount during the whole growth period is: ⁇ fertilizer (mixed chicken manure and cow dung after composting at a mass ratio of 3: 2) 20t/hm 2 , water-soluble organic fertilizer 140kg/hm 2 , pure nitrogen 300kg/hra 2 , P 2 0 5 150kg / hm 2 , K 2 0 80kg/hm 2 , water-soluble silicon fertilizer 28kg/hm 2 , boron fertilizer and zinc fertilizer 8kg/hm 2 each .
- the farmyard manure When the winter and autumn turn over the ground, the farmyard manure is applied, and the manure is applied uniformly at a time (the chicken manure and cow dung are mixed 3: 2 after decomposing) 20t/hm 2 , the diammonium 40kg/hm 2 , then the deep turn, the plow depth is 27 ⁇ 30cm, smooth after plowing.
- Seedling stage fertilizer - rice field is fertilized by seedlings. If the land is salty, the fertility is uneven, the nutrient is insufficient, and the seedlings are thin, the pure nitrogen can be applied 2 ⁇ 3 times with the water droplets. 20kg/hm 2 , P 2 0 5 25kg/hm 2 , K 2 0 12kg/hm 2 and zinc fertilizer 4kg/hm 2 promote seedling growth.
- the tillering stage is a critical period for rice vegetative growth, which determines the quantity and nutrient storage status of effective tillers.
- pure nitrogen can be applied to the water with a dose of 112 kg/hm P 2 0 s 33 kg/hm/ K 2 0 13 kg/hm. 2 , water-soluble silicon fertilizer 28kg / hm 2 , boron fertilizer 8kg / hm 2 and zinc fertilizer 4kg / hm 2 to promote the effective number of tillers and nutrient storage quality of rice.
- Jointing fertilizer The vegetative growth and reproductive growth of rice at jointing stage are very strong; the application of water and fertilizer to weak seedlings should be advanced, and the seedlings and strong seedlings should be appropriately delayed, and the fertilizer can be diluted 2 ⁇ 3 times.
- the total fertilization amount is 110kg/hm 2 of pure nitrogen.
- the total fertilization amount is 50kg/hm 2 of pure nitrogen, P 2 0 5 35kg/hm 2 , K 2 0 27kg/hm 2 and 70kg/hm of water-soluble organic fertilizer.
- Embodiment 1 differs from Embodiment 1 in that:
- the planting density is 340,000 acre/mu, and the plant spacing is 9 cm.
- a three-tube, twelve-row row spacing configuration mode is adopted. The rest are the same.
- Embodiment 2 differs from Embodiment 2 in that:
- the seeding density is 326,000 holes/mu, and the plant spacing is 9 cm.
- the line spacing configuration mode of one membrane, two tubes and eight rows is adopted. The rest are the same.
- the test date of the test in 2013 was May 1st, and the variety used was T-43, mechanically ruptured, manually ordered, sowing depth 2 - 3cm, 8 ⁇ 10 seeds per hole.
- a total of 6 processing, three repeated random block design, the specific configuration is shown in Table 1. According to the characteristics of rice fertility, timely and appropriate water supply, and water and fertilizer combination, drip with water and fertilizer, the total growth period of the planned irrigation amount of 750m7666. 7m 2 , fertilizer amount of urea 40kg/666.
- Fertilizer a fertilizer commodity The name, mainly contains a large number of elements ( ⁇ + ⁇ + ⁇ 2 0) ⁇ 58%, purchased from Xinjiang Boshuo Si Chemical Fertilizer Co., Ltd., which is called a large amount of elemental water-soluble fertilizer) 20kg/666. 7m 2 , each treatment is carried out at maturity Tested and measured, the indicators are real grain number, seed setting rate, earing rate and theoretical yield.
- the yields of the six density treatments were all high, and the difference was significant. As the density increased, the yield also increased.
- the yield of the plant with the density of 33,300 acre/mu (1 membrane, 3 tubes and 12 rows) was 737.
- the yield of 82 kg/mu, density of 3.05 million holes/mu (1 membrane, 2 tubes and 8 rows) also reached 700kg/mu, indicating that one type of tube belt arrangement is suitable for rice cultivation under drip irrigation under the membrane, and the drip is more uniform, which is beneficial to water. , the absorption of nutrients.
- the number of effective panicles, grain number per spike, seed setting rate and 1000-grain reconstituted into rice yield factor is higher and higher; the effect of density change on rice grain number and 1000-grain weight Not large, has a certain impact on the seed setting rate, and has a greater impact on the number of effective spikes.
- 1 membrane 3 tubes 12 rows and 1 membrane 2 tubes 8 rows The two configuration modes of 10cm and plant spacing are more suitable for rice planting under drip irrigation.
- Rice varieties (T-43), urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, soil amendments There are 5 treatments in total, and each treatment has three repetitions, each processing area is 66.67m 2 .
- 25kg soil amendments were used per acre to improve the soil structure.
- the base fertilizer was 8kg/mu
- the organic fertilizer 20kg/mu. See Table 3 for specific design options.
- the seeding method is on-demand on a mechanized membrane, the mode is 1 membrane, 2 tubes and 8 rows, the membrane width is 1. 6 m, the hole spacing is 10 cm, the seed is 8-12 seeds per hole, the seeding depth is 2 - 3 cm, and the drip irrigation zone is 2. lL/ h.
- high-frequency irrigation was adopted, and 40 times of water was poured.
- the fertilizer was applied with water droplets and was applied in 10 times.
- the sampling period is divided into tillering stage, jointing stage, booting stage, heading stage, milk ripening stage and harvesting stage.
- Each selection of a cell in the middle of each film to select a representative plant continuous like pockets 5, in the fixing 105 ⁇ 3 (tai n, and then dried at 75 ° C 48 hours to constant weight, respectively, and said Take the dry weight.
- the dried samples are pulverized separately and are to be measured after dispensing.
- the effective panicle number, kernel number per panicle, 1000-grain weight and yield were higher in 750m 3 and 800m 3 irrigation; the water content of 600 m 3 was less than the water required for growth of rice in Xinjiang, resulting in fewer tillers and fewer kernels. Eventually lead to a decline in production. Due to the climatic reasons in 2011, the rice seed setting rate is not high, and if the seed setting rate is increased, the rice yield will be higher.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (4)
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US14/898,078 US10278341B2 (en) | 2013-12-27 | 2013-12-27 | Method of drip irrigation under plastic film for rice cropping |
PCT/CN2013/001653 WO2015095989A1 (zh) | 2013-12-27 | 2013-12-27 | 膜下滴灌水稻栽培方法 |
PH12015502551A PH12015502551A1 (en) | 2013-12-27 | 2015-11-09 | Method of drip irrigation under plastic film for rice cropping |
IL242957A IL242957B (en) | 2013-12-27 | 2015-12-06 | Method for rice cultivation via drip irrigation under plastic film |
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US10278341B2 (en) | 2019-05-07 |
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IL242957B (en) | 2021-07-29 |
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