WO2015092867A1 - 虚像生成素子及びヘッドアップディスプレイ - Google Patents
虚像生成素子及びヘッドアップディスプレイ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015092867A1 WO2015092867A1 PCT/JP2013/083764 JP2013083764W WO2015092867A1 WO 2015092867 A1 WO2015092867 A1 WO 2015092867A1 JP 2013083764 W JP2013083764 W JP 2013083764W WO 2015092867 A1 WO2015092867 A1 WO 2015092867A1
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- light
- optical element
- combiner
- virtual image
- multilayer film
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/017—Head mounted
- G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/01—Head-up displays
- G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
- G02B2027/0123—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the field of view
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technical field for visually recognizing an image as a virtual image.
- HUD head-up display
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 display devices such as a head-up display (hereinafter, referred to as “HUD” as appropriate) for visually recognizing an image as a virtual image
- a real image image on various displays or an image on a screen projected by a projector
- a combiner placed in front of the driver's field of view. Make it visible. Accordingly, the driver can visually recognize the instrument, navigation information, and the like superimposed on the scenery without lowering the line of sight while looking forward.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a technique for recognizing a virtual image by an optical collimation device that combines a wavelength-dependent plane mirror and a concave half mirror.
- JP-A-6-270716 JP 2002-052953 A Japanese Patent No. 2905486
- the maximum viewing angle of the virtual image visually recognized by the driver is determined according to the distance between the combiner and the driver when the size of the combiner is fixed. That is, if the combiner is close to the driver, the viewing angle is large, and if the combiner is far from the driver, the viewing angle is small. Therefore, in order to make a virtual image as large as possible visible, it is desirable to bring the combiner as close to the driver as possible.
- the combiner is often provided on the dashboard because of the installation location (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the main object of the present invention is to provide a virtual image generating element or the like that allows a user to appropriately view a virtual image.
- a virtual image generating element that visually recognizes an image formed by an external device as a virtual image, the first optical element on which circularly polarized image light corresponding to the image is incident, and circularly polarized dichroic And a second optical element on which image light transmitted through the first optical element is incident.
- the first and second optical elements convert light from the external device to an incident angle of the light.
- the surface of the first optical element is inclined with respect to the surface of the second optical element, and the second optical element reflects the image light transmitted through the first optical element, In addition, the reflected image light transmits the light reflected by the first optical element.
- the basic composition of HUD concerning an example is shown.
- the structure of the combiner which concerns on an Example is shown.
- the characteristic which the dielectric multilayer film which concerns on an Example has is shown.
- Sectional drawing of a combiner in case signal light injects into a combiner with the same incident angle as real image display light is shown.
- Sectional drawing of the combiner concerning the comparative example at the time of replacing with a cholesteric liquid crystal layer and providing a dielectric multilayer film is shown.
- the structure of the combiner which concerns on the modification 1 is shown.
- the structure of the combiner which concerns on the modification 3 is shown.
- the structure of the combiner which concerns on the modification 6 is shown.
- region in FIG. 8 is shown.
- the structure of the combiner which concerns on the modification 7 is shown. It is a figure which shows the structure of the combiner which combined the modification 6 and the modification 2.
- FIG. An example of a helmet type combiner is
- a virtual image generating element that visually recognizes an image formed by an external device as a virtual image, the first optical element on which circularly polarized image light corresponding to the image is incident, and a circular A second optical element having polarization dichroism and receiving image light transmitted through the first optical element, wherein the first and second optical elements receive light from the external device. Reflecting according to an incident angle, the surface of the first optical element is inclined with respect to the surface of the second optical element, and the second optical element transmits the image light transmitted through the first optical element. The reflected image light transmits the light reflected by the first optical element.
- the virtual image generating element is a combiner, for example, and includes a first optical element and a second optical element. Circularly polarized image light is incident on the first optical element.
- the second optical element has circular dichroism, and image light transmitted through the first optical element is incident thereon.
- the first and second optical elements reflect the image light according to the incident angle of the light.
- the first optical element is disposed to be inclined with respect to the second optical element. For example, when the first and second optical elements are flat plates, they are arranged non-parallel.
- the second optical element reflects the image light transmitted through the first optical element, and transmits the light reflected by the first optical element.
- the virtual image generation element can make an observer visually recognize a virtual image suitably, without making image light enter into an observer's eyes directly.
- the second optical element has a characteristic of reflecting only a circularly polarized component in a specific turning direction in the image light transmitted through the first optical element.
- the first optical element reflects the circularly polarized light reflected by the second optical element with its turning direction reversed.
- the 2nd optical element can reflect the image light which permeate
- the peak value of the reflectance of the first optical element is a specific reflectance.
- the first optical element can cause at least a part of background light such as signal display light to reach the eyes of the observer.
- the first optical element partially reflects light having a wavelength corresponding to the image light according to an incident angle of the light, and a wavelength corresponding to the image light. It has the characteristic of transmitting light having a wavelength other than.
- the virtual image generating element causes the image light reflected by the second optical element to be reflected by the first optical element to reach the observer, and at least a part of the background light having the same wavelength as the image light is used. It can reach the observer's eyes.
- the first optical element is configured in a sawtooth shape having a plurality of surfaces inclined with respect to the surface of the second optical element. According to this aspect, the thickness of the virtual image generating element can be suitably reduced.
- the first optical element has a curved surface and imparts a lens action to the image light.
- a virtual image generating element having a magnification can be realized, and the virtual image distance can be increased or decreased.
- the first optical element is a dielectric multilayer film. Accordingly, the first optical element has wavelength selectivity for selectively reflecting image light and incidence angle dependency that varies the reflectance depending on the incidence angle, and allows the observer to visually recognize the virtual image and the background appropriately. it can.
- the second optical element is a structure in which cholesteric liquid crystals having a helical pitch corresponding to the wavelength of the image light are stacked, or a film having the same function as the structure.
- the second optical element can reflect the image light from the external device and transmit the light reflected and returned by the first optical element to make the observer visually recognize the virtual image.
- a head-up display includes an external device and the virtual image generating element described above that visually recognizes an image formed by the external device as a virtual image.
- the head-up display allows the observer to preferably visually recognize the virtual image without causing the image light to directly enter the eyes of the observer.
- the external device directly emits circularly polarized image light or emits linearly polarized image light, and the image light emitted by the light emitting unit is converted from linearly polarized light to circularly polarized light. It is good to have a conversion part to convert into. Thereby, circularly polarized image light can be incident on the virtual image generating element.
- the external device is provided near the dashboard of the vehicle, and the virtual image generating element is provided near the ceiling of the vehicle.
- the head-up display can appropriately make a viewer visually recognize a desired virtual image without causing a feeling of pressure or discomfort.
- the external device is provided in the vicinity of a dashboard or meter of a two-wheeled vehicle, and the virtual image generating element is configured in a helmet shape.
- the head-up display allows the observer to preferably visually recognize the virtual image without causing the image light to directly enter the eyes of the observer.
- at least part of background light such as signal display light can reach the eyes of the observer.
- FIG. 1 shows a basic configuration of a HUD 300 according to the present embodiment.
- the present embodiment employs a configuration in which the real image display device 200 is installed on the dashboard and only the combiner 100 is installed near the ceiling (near the sun visor).
- a transmissive combiner 100 that transmits light corresponding to a real image is used instead of a reflective combiner that reflects light corresponding to a real image.
- the combiner 100 according to the present embodiment imparts an optical action only to light from the real image display device 200 (hereinafter, referred to as “real image display light” as appropriate), thereby realizing real image display light.
- the background light Refracting the light to the driver's head and minimizing the optical effect on light other than the real image display light (such as light corresponding to the scenery in front of the vehicle, hereinafter referred to as “background light” where appropriate).
- the background light is transmitted as much as possible.
- the viewing angle of the virtual image visually recognized by the driver can be ensured. Further, compared with the case where the virtual image display device 200 is installed on the ceiling, the HUD 300 can suppress the feeling of pressure given to the driver and can be easily attached because it is not necessary to draw the power source to the ceiling. Can do.
- the real image display device 200 is not limited to being provided on the dashboard as shown in FIG. 1, and the real image display device 200 may be provided on the instrument panel or the center console. That is, the real image display device 200 is not limited to being configured as an on-dash type, and the real image display device 200 may be configured as an in-dash type.
- the combiner 100 corresponds to an example of a “virtual image generating element” in the present invention
- the real image display device 200 corresponds to an example of an “external device” in the present invention.
- the real image display device 200 emits real image display light composed of light of three primary colors (RGB).
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the combiner 100.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a part of the combiner 100 cut along the traveling direction of light from the real image display device 200 (that is, real image display light). The same applies to the diagram of the combiner described later.
- the combiner 100 includes a transparent substrate 23, a dielectric multilayer film 21, a transparent substrate 24, and a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 in order from the side on which the real image display light is incident.
- the dielectric multilayer film 21 has, as reflection characteristics, wavelength selectivity for selectively reflecting light having the same wavelength as that of the real image display light, and incident angle dependency that makes the reflectance different depending on the incident angle. As will be described later, the dielectric multilayer film 21 is designed so that the peak (maximum value) of the reflectance is about 50%. Thereby, as shown in FIG. 2, the dielectric multilayer film 21 transmits the light incident at a predetermined angle “ ⁇ ′” and then reflects the reflected light of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 incident at the predetermined angle “ ⁇ ′”. Reflect a part.
- the dielectric multilayer film 21 is an example of the “first optical element” in the present invention.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 has wavelength selectivity and circular dichroism as reflection characteristics. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 has a structure in which cholesteric liquid crystals 27A to 27C having spiral structures having different spiral pitches are divided into three layers by a glass substrate.
- the cholesteric liquid crystals 27A to 27C selectively reflect only light having a circular polarization component in the same direction as the helical twist and having a wavelength equal to the helical pitch.
- the cholesteric liquid crystals 27A to 27C have the same length as the wavelength of red light (R) (650 nm), the wavelength of green light (G) (532 nm), and the wavelength of blue light (B) (450 nm), respectively.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 reflects 100% of the right circularly polarized light incident at a predetermined angle “ ⁇ in ”, and then enters at a predetermined angle “ ⁇ out ′”.
- the left circularly polarized light that is the reflected light of the film 21 is transmitted 100%.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 is an example of the “second optical element” in the present invention.
- the spiral pitch of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 is “p”
- the wavelength of the real image display light is “ ⁇ ”
- the incident angle is “ ⁇ ”
- the average refractive index of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer is “n”
- the wavelength of the light reflected by the layer 22 is “p ⁇ n ⁇ cos ⁇ ”
- the dielectric multilayer film 21 and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 are arranged so as to be non-parallel. Specifically, the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 is disposed along a horizontal plane in the combiner 100, whereas the dielectric multilayer film 21 is disposed so as to be inclined by an angle ⁇ with respect to the horizontal plane in the combiner 100. That is, the angle formed by the dielectric multilayer film 21 and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 is “ ⁇ ”.
- a ⁇ / 4 plate film 250 is attached to the light emitting surface of the real image display device 200.
- the linearly polarized light emitted from the light emitting surface of the real image display device 200 is changed to right circularly polarized light by the ⁇ / 4 plate film 250 and enters the combiner 100.
- the horizontal axis indicates the incident wavelength [nm]
- the vertical axis indicates the reflectance [%], indicating the wavelength selective reflection characteristics of the dielectric multilayer film 21.
- the wavelength dependence of the reflectance with respect to light incident on the dielectric multilayer film 21 at an incident angle ⁇ ( ⁇ ′ inside the substrate) is shown.
- the dielectric multilayer film 21 has an optical action (specifically, 50) only for real image display light (that is, light having wavelengths of around 450, 532, and 650 nm) that is RGB light. % Specular reflection action). Thereby, light other than the above three wavelengths is not subjected to the optical action by the dielectric multilayer film 21.
- FIG. 3B shows the incident angle [°] on the horizontal axis (this incident angle is an angle converted to interface reflection with air), and the reflectance [%] on the vertical axis.
- the dependence of the reflectance on the real image display light of the body multilayer film 21 on the incident angle is shown.
- the solid line graph G21 indicates the incident angle dependency of the dielectric multilayer film 21.
- FIG. 3B illustrates the case where the angle ⁇ is 40.9 [°] and the angle ⁇ is 19.8 [°].
- the dielectric multilayer film 21 transmits about 100% of the real image display light first incident at the angle ⁇ , and reflects about 50% of the real image display light reflected by the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 and incident at the angle ⁇ . It is configured to reflect with a reflectance of%. It should be noted that the dielectric multilayer film 21 can transmit any real image display light incident at an angle ⁇ and reflect the real image display light incident at an angle ⁇ . May be provided. For example, it may have characteristics as shown by a graph G21 'represented by a broken line.
- the combiner 100 includes a dielectric multilayer film 21 having a wavelength selectivity and incident angle dependency and a maximum reflectance of about 50% and a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 having circular dichroism. Thereby, the combiner 100 preferably allows the driver to visually recognize the light of the traffic light having the same wavelength as the real image display light while allowing the driver to visually recognize the attenuation rate of the real image display light to about 50%.
- the dielectric multilayer film 21 and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 display real images that are incident on the combiner 100 at an incident angle ⁇ in from below as indicated by arrows B1 to B4 in FIG.
- the light is emitted from the combiner 100 at an emission angle ⁇ out ( ⁇ out ⁇ ⁇ in ) while maintaining about 50% brightness, and is guided to the driver's head. .
- the real image display light converted into right circularly polarized light by the ⁇ / 4 plate film 250 is incident on the combiner 100 at an incident angle ⁇ in and then refracted at the substrate 23 to become an angle ⁇ in ′. It is incident on the dielectric multilayer film 21 by '.
- the dielectric multilayer film 21 has a reflectivity of about 0% with respect to light incident at an incident angle ⁇ ( ⁇ ′ inside the substrate) (see FIG. 3).
- the light is transmitted with a transmittance of 100%, and is emitted as right circularly polarized light at the same emission angle ⁇ ′ as the incident angle.
- the incident light described above is circularly polarized light having the same wavelength as the spiral pitch of the cholesteric liquid crystals 27A to 27C and having the same direction (right direction) as the twist direction of the spiral. Therefore, the incident light of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 is regularly reflected by the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 with a reflectance of about 100% at the reflection angle ⁇ in ′, as indicated by an arrow B2.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 reflects the above-described incident light with a reflectance of about 100%, so that direct light from the real image displayed by the real image display device 200 is preferably incident on the eyes of the driver. To suppress. At this time, the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 reflects the incident light that is the above-mentioned right circularly polarized light as it is as the right circularly polarized light.
- the dielectric multilayer film 21 has a reflectance of about 50% with respect to light incident at an incident angle ⁇ ′ ( ⁇ ′ inside the substrate) (see FIG. 3). Incident light is specularly reflected with a reflectance of about 50%.
- the dielectric multilayer film 21 reflects the incident light, which is the right circularly polarized light described above, by converting it into left circularly polarized light. Thereafter, the left circularly polarized light reflected by the dielectric multilayer film 21 enters the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 at an incident angle ⁇ out ′.
- the incident light described above is left circularly polarized light that rotates in the direction opposite to the helical twist direction (right direction) of the cholesteric liquid crystals 27A to 27C, as shown by an arrow B4, the incident light is allowed to pass through the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 by about 100. %, And is emitted from the combiner 100 at the emission angle ⁇ out .
- the combiner 100 can make the driver visually recognize the virtual image while suppressing the real image display light emitted from the real image display device 200 to the attenuation factor of about 50%.
- the incident angle ⁇ in is determined from the installation position of the real image display device 200 and the combiner 100, and the emission angle ⁇ out is determined from the display position of the head and the virtual image.
- the angles ⁇ in ′ and ⁇ out ′ are angles inside the substrate of the angles ⁇ in and ⁇ out , respectively, and can be obtained from equations (1) and (2) from Snell's law.
- Equation (1) to give (2) the angle theta in the ', theta out', the angle ⁇ in ', ⁇ out' a by substituting the equation (3) "alpha ' ⁇ 25.9 [ [°] ”is obtained, and“ ⁇ ′ ⁇ 13.1 [°] ”is obtained by substituting the angles ⁇ in ′ and ⁇ out ′ into the equation (4).
- the dielectric multilayer film 21 may be disposed so as to be inclined by 6.4 [°] with respect to the dielectric multilayer film 22.
- the inclination angle ⁇ of the dielectric multilayer film 21 can be uniquely determined.
- the dielectric multilayer film 21 and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 cause regular reflection of light (that is, the incident angle and the reflection angle are equal).
- the dielectric multilayer film 21 is inclined with respect to the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 in order to realize an optical function of emitting light incident at ⁇ in at an emission angle ⁇ out different from the incident angle ⁇ in .
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the combiner 100 when the signal light is incident on the combiner 100 from above at the same incident angle ⁇ in as the real image display light.
- the dielectric multilayer film 21 and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 give a predetermined optical action to signal light incident on the combiner 100 at an incident angle ⁇ in from above.
- the light is emitted from the combiner 100 at the emission angle ⁇ out while maintaining the brightness of about 25%, and is guided to the driver's head.
- the signal light which is randomly polarized light, is incident on the combiner 100 at an incident angle ⁇ in , then refracted by the substrate 23 to become an angle ⁇ in ′, and is incident on the dielectric multilayer film 21 at an incident angle ⁇ ′.
- the dielectric multilayer film 21 has a peak reflectance (about 50%) with respect to light incident at an incident angle ⁇ ( ⁇ ′ inside the substrate) (see FIG. 3), the dielectric multilayer film 21 is indicated by an arrow B5.
- the incident light is transmitted with a transmittance of about 50%, and is emitted as random polarization at the same emission angle ⁇ ′ as the incident angle.
- the light transmitted through the dielectric multilayer film 21 enters the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 at an incident angle ⁇ in ′.
- the incident light described above has the same wavelength as the spiral pitch of any of the cholesteric liquid crystals 27A to 27C and is randomly polarized. Therefore, in this case, as indicated by an arrow B6, light left-handed circularly polarized light component, which corresponds to approximately 50% of the above-described incident light is transmitted through the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 is emitted from the combiner 100 in exit angle theta in.
- the dielectric multilayer film 21 and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 attenuate the signal light incident from above at the same incident angle ⁇ in as the real image display light by about 50%, respectively, and by about 25% brightness.
- the combiner 100 suppresses the real image display light emitted from the real image display device 200 to an attenuation factor of about 50%, makes the driver visually recognize the virtual image, and uses the same incident angle ⁇ in as the real image display light.
- the signal light incident from above can also be suitably reached by the driver's eyes.
- the combiner 100 Of the light emitted from the traffic light, light having a wavelength different from that of the real image display light is incident on the combiner 100 at the same incident angle as the real image display light (that is, the angle ⁇ in ). Since the reflectance of both the layers 22 is set to about 0%, the driver can visually recognize the light without substantially decreasing.
- the reflectance of the dielectric multilayer film 21 is similarly set to about 0% for the signal light incident on the combiner 100 at an incident angle different from that of the real image display light (that is, an angle other than the angle ⁇ in ). It is attenuated to about 50% only by the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 and can be visually recognized by the driver.
- FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of a combiner 100x according to a comparative example in which a dielectric multilayer film 22x is provided instead of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22.
- the dielectric multilayer film 22x reflects only light having a wavelength in the vicinity of each wavelength of RGB light, and transmits about 100% of light incident at an angle ⁇ out ( ⁇ out ′ inside the substrate). It is assumed that the light is transmitted at a rate and is reflected at an angle ⁇ in ( ⁇ in ′ inside the substrate) with a maximum reflectance of about 50%.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate film 250 is not attached to the real image display device 200.
- the combiner 100x according to the comparative example shown in FIG. 5 transmits about 50% of the signal light (light having the same wavelength as the real image display light out of the light emitted from the traffic light) incident from above at the angle ⁇ in by the dielectric multilayer film 21. Thereafter, light incident on the dielectric multilayer film 22x at an angle ⁇ in ′ is transmitted by about 50%.
- the combiner 100x makes the driver
- the real image display light is incident on the combiner 100x by the incident angle theta in, real image display light transmitted by the dielectric multilayer film 21 of 100% transmittance, the reflectance of about 50% by a dielectric multilayer film 22x Reflected.
- the real image display light incident on the dielectric multilayer film 22x is transmitted, so the real image display light that is the transmitted light is directly incident on the eyes of the driver.
- the real image display light incident on the driver's eyes maintains a brightness of about 50%, it becomes brighter than the brightness of the virtual image (about 25%), and the visibility deteriorates.
- the reflectance peak of the dielectric multilayer film 21 and the dielectric multilayer film 22x according to the above-described comparative example is about 100%.
- the real image display light does not directly enter the eyes of the driver, and the brightness of the virtual image can be maintained.
- the signal light incident from above at the same angle ⁇ in as the real image display light is the dielectric multilayer film 21.
- about 100% are reflected by both the dielectric multilayer film 22x. Therefore, in this case, the visibility to the signal display is significantly reduced.
- the combiner 100 includes a dielectric multilayer film 21 having a maximum reflectance of about 50% having wavelength selectivity and incident angle dependency, and a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 having circular dichroism.
- the combiner 100 preferably suppresses the attenuation rate of the real image display light to about 50% and allows the driver to visually recognize the virtual image, and also suitably deals with the signal light having the same wavelength as the real image display light. Can be reached.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a combiner 100a according to the first modification.
- the combiner 100 a differs from the combiner 100 in that a dielectric multilayer film 21 a having a sawtooth shape is used instead of the dielectric multilayer film 21.
- the dielectric multilayer film 21a has a plurality of inclined surfaces 21a, and can realize the same function as the dielectric multilayer film 21 described above.
- the inclination of the inclined surface 21 a of the dielectric multilayer film 21 a may be set to the same inclination as the surface of the dielectric multilayer film 21. That is, the inclined surface 21 a inclined by the angle ⁇ with respect to the surface of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 may be applied.
- the thickness of the combiner 100a is made larger than the thickness of the combiner 100 described above by using the dielectric multilayer film 21a that is not tilted itself instead of the dielectric multilayer film 21 that is tilted as a whole. Can also be thinned.
- the combiner 100 is further provided with a lens action as an optical action given to the real image display light.
- the combiner 100 is provided with a light condensing function and a diffusing function.
- Such a combiner 100 can be realized by configuring the surface of the dielectric multilayer film 21 (that is, the reflection surface existing inside the substrate) with a gently curved surface.
- the combiner 100 having a magnification can be realized, and the virtual image distance can be increased or decreased.
- the dielectric multilayer film 21 may be formed in a curved surface and a sawtooth shape. In that case, the dielectric multilayer film 21 has a Fresnel lens shape.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a combiner 100b according to the third modification.
- a combiner 100b according to Modification 3 is formed with a dielectric multilayer film 21b corresponding to the dielectric multilayer film 21 on the surface of the combiner 100b, and a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 corresponding to the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 described above.
- the liquid crystal layer 22b is different from the combiner 100 according to the embodiment in that the liquid crystal layer 22b is formed inside the combiner 100b.
- the dielectric multilayer film 21b is disposed along the combiner 100b as the incident surface of the combiner 100b, whereas the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22b is formed on the combiner 100b and the dielectric multilayer film 21b. On the other hand, it is arranged to be inclined by an angle ⁇ .
- Modification 3 may be implemented in combination with Modification 1 and / or Modification 2. That is, the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22b may be configured with a curved surface or a sawtooth shape. When the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22b is formed with a curved surface and a sawtooth shape, the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22b has a Fresnel lens shape.
- both the dielectric multilayer film 21 and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 may be formed inside the combiner 100. In that case, it is not limited to tilting only one of the dielectric multilayer film 21 and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 with respect to the combiner 100, and both the dielectric multilayer film 21 and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 are tilted with respect to the combiner 100. You may let them.
- a volume type HOE (Holographic Optical Element) is used instead of the dielectric multilayer film 21 described above.
- the volume type HOE may be provided with the characteristics as shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b). Further, the volume type HOE may be configured so as to impart a regular reflection action to the real image display light as an optical action.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 is formed by overlapping three layers of cholesteric liquid crystals 27A to 27C having different spiral pitches.
- a film having the same circular dichroism and wavelength selectivity as the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 as reflection characteristics may be used in place of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22.
- a cholesteric liquid crystal film described in International Publication No. WO2011 / 078055 may be used.
- Modification 6 Instead of integrally forming the dielectric multilayer film 21 and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 together with the substrates 23 and 24, the relative positions of the dielectric multilayer film 21 and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 can be changed. You may comprise as a separate member.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a combiner 100c according to the sixth modification.
- the combiner 100c according to the modification 6 includes a dielectric multilayer film 21c, a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22c, transparent substrates 33 and 34, and holding units 35 and 36.
- the dielectric multilayer film 21c is formed on the surface of the substrate 33 opposite to the surface on which the real image display light is incident, and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22c is formed on the surface of the substrate 34 on the side on which the real image display light is incident.
- the substrates 33 and 34 are configured as parallel flat plates.
- the dielectric multilayer film 21 c and the substrate 33 are held by the holding unit 35, and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 c and the substrate 34 are held by the holding unit 36.
- the holding part 35 and the holding part 36 are rotatably attached using a common shaft.
- the dielectric multilayer film 21c and the substrate 33 held by the holding unit 35 rotate in the direction indicated by the arrow Ar1
- the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22c and the substrate 34 held by the holding unit 36 are moved in the direction indicated by the arrow Ar2. Rotate. Therefore, the angle ⁇ formed by the dielectric multilayer film 21c and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22c can be appropriately changed.
- the combiner 100c is not limited to be configured so that both the dielectric multilayer film 21c and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22c rotate, but one of the dielectric multilayer film 21c and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22c is fixed and the dielectric
- the combiner 100c may be configured such that only the other of the multilayer film 21c and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22c rotates.
- FIG. 9 shows a side view of the combiner 100c in which the broken line region R1 in FIG. 8 is enlarged and displayed.
- the dielectric multilayer film 21c shown in FIG. 9 reflects only light having a wavelength in the vicinity of each wavelength of RGB light, transmits light incident at an angle “ ⁇ in + ⁇ ”, and enters at an angle “ ⁇ in ⁇ ”. It has a characteristic that the light to be reflected is reflected with a reflectance of about 50% which is the maximum reflectance.
- a real image display device 200 is provided by applying a predetermined optical action to the real image display light by the dielectric multilayer film 21c and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22c.
- the real image display light incident on the combiner 100c at the incident angle “ ⁇ in + ⁇ ” is emitted from the combiner 100c at the emission angle ⁇ out and guided to the driver's head while maintaining about 50% brightness.
- right circularly polarized light incident on the combiner 100c at an incident angle “ ⁇ in + ⁇ ” from the real image display device 200 is transmitted through the dielectric multilayer film 21c with a transmittance of about 100%, as indicated by an arrow C1. Then, the light enters the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22c. Thereafter, the light incident on the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22c at an incident angle theta in, as shown by the arrow C2, reflected by about 100% reflectance at the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22c at the reflection angle theta in.
- the combiner 100c guides to the driver's head while maintaining the brightness of the signal light incident on the combiner 100 from above at least about 25%. Therefore, according to this modification, the driver can also visually recognize the signal display while visually recognizing the virtual image.
- the member for example, a parallel plate
- the member made of the dielectric multilayer film 21c and the substrate 33 and the member (for example, a parallel plate) made of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22c and the substrate 34 can be made thin. Therefore, the weight of the combiner 100c itself can be reduced.
- the modified example 7 shows an example in which the arrangement of the dielectric multilayer film 21c and the substrate 33 in the combiner 100d shown in the modified example 6 and the arrangement of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22c and the substrate 34 are converted.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a configuration of combiners 100c1 to 100c3 according to Modification 7. As shown in FIGS. 10A to 10C, in the combiners 100c1 to 100c3, the positions at which the dielectric multilayer film 21c and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22c are respectively formed on the substrates 33 and 34 are changed as shown in FIG. Different from the combiner 100c according to Example 6.
- the dielectric multilayer film 21c is formed on the surface of the substrate 33 on the side on which the real image display light is incident, and the substrate 34 on the opposite side to the surface on which the real image display light is incident.
- a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22c is formed on the surface.
- the dielectric multilayer film 21c is formed on the surface of the substrate 33 opposite to the surface on which the real image display light is incident, and is on the opposite side to the surface on which the real image display light is incident.
- a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 c is formed on the surface of the substrate 34.
- the dielectric multilayer film 21c is formed on the surface of the substrate 33 on the side where the real image display light is incident, and on the surface of the substrate 34 on the side where the real image display light is incident.
- a cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22c is formed.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a combiner 100c4 in which the sixth modification and the second modification are combined.
- the combiner 100c4 uses a dielectric multilayer film 21ca configured in a shape having a gentle curvature (meniscus lens shape) instead of the dielectric multilayer film 21c configured in a parallel plate.
- the substrate 33a to which the dielectric multilayer film 21ca is attached also has a shape having a gentle curvature.
- a lens action can be further given to the real image display light. Therefore, according to the example of FIG. 11, the combiner 100c4 having a magnification can be realized, and the virtual image distance can be increased or decreased.
- the combiner 100 is provided near the ceiling of the vehicle. Instead, as shown in FIG. 12, the combiner 100 is a helmet type having a double visor structure and is attached to the driver. Also good.
- the HUD 300 is mounted on a motorcycle, and the real image display device 200 is installed near the dashboard or meter of the motorcycle.
- the combiner 100 may be used for a wearable head mounted display in which the real image display device 200 and the combiner 100 are integrated.
- the inclination angle ⁇ between the dielectric multilayer film 21 and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 is preferably set so that the emission angle ⁇ out is set to 0 °.
- the glasses-type combiner 100 has the dielectric multilayer film 21 and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 shown in the embodiment so that a virtual image based on the real image display light can be visually recognized by the driver with appropriate brightness.
- the signal display based on the signal light incident from above at the same incident angle as that of the real image display light can be suitably viewed by the driver.
- the reflectance peak of the dielectric multilayer film 21 is set to about 50%, but the range of the reflectance of the dielectric multilayer film 21 to which the present invention can be applied is not limited to this. Instead, it may be set to a specific compatible value other than 0% and 100% through experiments and the like in consideration of actual visibility and the like.
- the real image display device 200 emits real image display light composed of RGB light having wavelengths of 450, 532, and 650 nm, but the present invention is not limited to this. Instead, the real image display light may be composed of light having other wavelengths. Even in this case, the dielectric multilayer film 21 and the cholesteric liquid crystal layer 22 are configured to have wavelength selectivity according to the wavelength of the real image display light. Thereby, the combiner 100 can make a driver
Abstract
Description
図1は、本実施例に係るHUD300の基本構成を示している。図1に示すように、本実施例では、実像表示装置200をダッシュボード上に設置し、コンバイナ100のみを天井付近(サンバイザの近傍)に設置するといった構成を採用する。また、本実施例では、このような構成を適切に実現すべく、実像に対応する光を反射させる反射型のコンバイナではなく、実像に対応する光を透過させる透過型のコンバイナ100を用いる。具体的には、本実施例に係るコンバイナ100は、実像表示装置200からの光(以下では適宜「実像表示光」と呼ぶ。)に対してのみ光学的作用を付与することで、実像表示光を屈折させることにより運転者の頭部に導き、実像表示光以外の光(車両の前方風景に対応する光などであり、以下では適宜「背景光」と呼ぶ。)に対する光学的作用を最小限にして、背景光をなるべく透過させる。
図2は、コンバイナ100の構成を示す図である。図2では、実像表示装置200からの光(即ち、実像表示光)の進行方向に沿って切断した、コンバイナ100の一部分についての断面図を示している。なお、後述するコンバイナの図についても同様とする。
コンバイナ100は、波長選択性及び入射角度依存性を有する最大反射率が約50%の誘電体多層膜21及び円偏光二色性を有するコレステリック液晶層22を備える。これにより、コンバイナ100は、実像表示光の減衰率を約50%に抑えて運転者に視認させつつ、実像表示光と同一波長を有する信号機の光についても好適に運転者に視認させる。
誘電体多層膜21及びコレステリック液晶層22は、図2中の矢印B1~B4に示すように、下方から入射角θinでコンバイナ100に入射する実像表示光に対し、所定の光学的作用を付与することで、約50%の明るさを保ったまま出射角θout(θout≠θin)でコンバイナ100から出射させて運転者の頭部に導く。
θout’=sin-1(sinθout/n) 式(2)
また、上記した角度α’、β’φは、それぞれ、角度θin’、θout’を用いて、式(3)、(4)、(5)で表される。
β’=(θin’+θout’)/2 式(4)
φ=(θin’-θout’)/2 式(5)
更に、角度α’、β’は、スネルの法則を用いて空気中での角度α、βに変換すると、式(6)、(7)で表される。
β=sin-1(n・sinβ’) 式(7)
図2の例では、角度θinとして30[°]を用い、角度θoutとして10[°]を用いている。この場合、式(1)、(2)から角度θin’、θout’を得て、角度θin’、θout’を式(3)に代入することで「α’≒25.9[°]」が得られ、また、角度θin’、θout’を式(4)に代入することで「β’≒13.1[°]」が得られる。そして、当該角度α’を式(6)に代入することで「α≒40.9[°]」が得られ、当該角度β’を式(7)に代入することで「β≒19.8[°]」が得られる。更に、角度θin’、θout’を式(5)に代入することで「φ≒6.4[°]」が得られる。よって、上記の例では、誘電体多層膜21を誘電体多層膜22に対して6.4[°]だけ傾斜させて配置すれば良い。
次に、信号光への光学的作用について、図4を参照して説明する。図4は、上方から信号光がコンバイナ100に実像表示光と同一の入射角度θinにより入射する場合のコンバイナ100の断面図を示す。
次に、本実施形態に係るコンバイナ100の効果について、図5を参照して補足説明する。
次に、実施例の変形例について説明する。なお、下記の変形例は、任意に組み合わせて実施することができる。
図6は、変形例1に係るコンバイナ100aの構成を示す図である。図6に示すように、コンバイナ100aは、誘電体多層膜21の代わりに、鋸歯形状を有する誘電体多層膜21aを用いる点で、コンバイナ100と異なる。この誘電体多層膜21aは、複数の傾斜面21aを有し、上記した誘電体多層膜21と同様の機能を実現することが可能である。例えば、誘電体多層膜21aが有する傾斜面21aの傾きを、誘電体多層膜21の面と同様の傾きに設定すれば良い。つまり、コレステリック液晶層22の面に対して角度φだけ傾いた傾斜面21aを適用すれば良い。
変形例2は、上記したコンバイナ100に対して、実像表示光に与える光学的作用としてレンズ作用を更に具備させる。例えば、光の集光機能や拡散機能などをコンバイナ100に具備させる。そのようなコンバイナ100は、誘電体多層膜21の面(即ち、基板内部に存在する反射面)を緩やかな曲面にて構成することで実現することができる。そして、変形例2によれば、倍率を有したコンバイナ100を実現することができ、虚像距離を遠くにしたり近くにしたりすることが可能となる。
図7は、変形例3に係るコンバイナ100bの構成を示す図である。図7に示すように、変形例3に係るコンバイナ100bは、上記した誘電体多層膜21に対応する誘電体多層膜21bをコンバイナ100bの表面に形成し、上記したコレステリック液晶層22に対応するコレステリック液晶層22bをコンバイナ100bの内部に形成している点で、実施例に係るコンバイナ100と異なる。具体的には、このコンバイナ100bでは、誘電体多層膜21bはコンバイナ100bの入射面としてコンバイナ100bに沿って配置されているのに対して、コレステリック液晶層22bはコンバイナ100b及び誘電体多層膜21bに対して角度φだけ傾斜して配置されている。
変形例4では、上記した誘電体多層膜21の代わりに、体積型HOE(Holographic Optical Element)を用いる。その場合、図3(a)及び(b)に示したような特性を体積型HOEに具備させれば良い。また、光学的作用として正反射作用を実像表示光に対して付与するように、体積型HOEを構成すれば良い。
上記した実施例では、波長選択透過膜又は波長選択性反射膜として誘電体多層膜21を用いる例を示した。これに代えて、誘電体多層膜以外の種々の波長選択透過膜又は波長選択性反射膜を、誘電体多層膜21に代えて用いてもよい。
誘電体多層膜21とコレステリック液晶層22とを基板23、24と共に一体に成形するのに代えて、誘電体多層膜21とコレステリック液晶層22との相対位置が変更自在となるように、これらを別々の部材として構成してもよい。
変形例7は、変形例6に示すコンバイナ100d内の誘電体多層膜21c及び基板33の配置と、コレステリック液晶層22c及び基板34の配置とを変換した例を示す。
上記した実施例では、コンバイナ100を車両の天井付近に設けているが、その代わりに、図12に示すように、コンバイナ100を、2重バイザー構造をしたヘルメット型とし、運転者に装着させてもよい。
実施例では、誘電体多層膜21の反射率のピークが約50%に設定されていたが、本発明が適用可能な誘電体多層膜21の反射率の範囲は、これに限定されない。これに代えて、実際の視認性等を勘案し、実験等により0%及び100%以外の特定の適合値に設定されてもよい。
実施例では、実像表示装置200は、450、532、650nmの各波長を有するRGB光からなる実像表示光を出射するものとしたが、本発明はこれに限定されない。これに代えて、実像表示光は、他の波長を有する光から構成されてもよい。この場合であっても、誘電体多層膜21及びコレステリック液晶層22は、実像表示光が有する波長に応じた波長選択性を有するように構成される。これにより、コンバイナ100は、実像表示光に基づく虚像を適切な明るさで運転者に視認させつつ、実像表示光と同一波長を有する背景光を運転者の目に好適に到達させることができる。
21、21a~21c、21ca 誘電体多層膜
22、21b~21c コレステリック液晶層
35、36 保持部
100、100a~100c コンバイナ
200 実像表示装置
250 λ/4板フィルム
300 HUD
Claims (12)
- 外部装置によって形成された画像を虚像として視認させる虚像生成素子であって、
前記画像に対応する円偏光の画像光が入射する第1光学素子と、
円偏光二色性を有し、前記第1光学素子を透過した画像光が入射する第2光学素子と、
を備え、
前記第1及び第2光学素子は、前記外部装置からの光を当該光の入射角度に応じて反射させ、
前記第1光学素子の面は、前記第2光学素子の面に対して傾いており、
前記第2光学素子は、前記第1光学素子を透過した前記画像光を反射させ、かつ、当該反射された画像光が前記第1光学素子により反射された光を透過させることを特徴とする虚像生成素子。 - 前記第2光学素子は、前記第1光学素子を透過した前記画像光の特定の旋回方向の円偏光のみを反射する特性を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の虚像生成素子。
- 前記第1光学素子の反射率のピーク値は、特定の反射率であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の虚像生成素子。
- 前記第1光学素子は、前記画像光に対応する波長を有する光を、当該光の入射角度に応じて一部反射させ、前記画像光に対応する波長以外の波長を有する光を透過させる特性を有することを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか一項に記載の虚像生成素子。
- 前記第1光学素子は、前記第2光学素子の面に対して傾いた複数の面を有する鋸歯形状に構成されていることを特徴とする請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の虚像生成素子。
- 前記第1光学素子は、曲面を有しており、前記画像光に対してレンズ作用を付与することを特徴とする請求項1乃至5のいずれか一項に記載の虚像生成素子。
- 前記第1光学素子は、誘電体多層膜であることを特徴とする請求項1乃至6のいずれか一項に記載の虚像生成素子。
- 前記第2光学素子は、前記画像光の波長に対応する螺旋ピッチを有するコレステリック液晶を積層した構造、又は、当該構造と同一機能を有するフィルムであることを特徴とする請求項1乃至7のいずれか一項に記載の虚像生成素子。
- 外部装置と、
前記外部装置によって形成された画像を虚像として視認させる請求項1乃至8のいずれか一項に記載の虚像生成素子と、を備えることを特徴とするヘッドアップディスプレイ。 - 前記外部装置は、直線偏光の画像光を出射する発光部と、前記発光部が出射した画像光を直線偏光から円偏光に変換する変換部とを有することを特徴とする請求項9に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ。
- 前記外部装置は、車両のダッシュボード付近に設けられ、
前記虚像生成素子は、前記車両の天井付近に設けられることを特徴とする請求項9または10に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ。 - 前記外部装置は、2輪車のダッシュボードもしくはメーター付近に設けられ、
前記虚像生成素子は、ヘルメット型に構成されていることを特徴とする請求項9または10に記載のヘッドアップディスプレイ。
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US10120194B2 (en) | 2016-01-22 | 2018-11-06 | Corning Incorporated | Wide field personal display |
US10649210B2 (en) | 2016-01-22 | 2020-05-12 | Corning Incorporated | Wide field personal display |
CN115128814A (zh) * | 2016-09-06 | 2022-09-30 | 麦克赛尔株式会社 | 平视显示器 |
CN115128814B (zh) * | 2016-09-06 | 2023-09-15 | 麦克赛尔株式会社 | 平视显示器 |
US10976551B2 (en) | 2017-08-30 | 2021-04-13 | Corning Incorporated | Wide field personal display device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3086159A1 (en) | 2016-10-26 |
EP3086159A4 (en) | 2017-08-16 |
EP3086159B1 (en) | 2023-04-19 |
JPWO2015092867A1 (ja) | 2017-03-16 |
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