WO2015090254A1 - Compact structure of a composite nature and method of preparation thereof - Google Patents

Compact structure of a composite nature and method of preparation thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015090254A1
WO2015090254A1 PCT/CZ2014/000154 CZ2014000154W WO2015090254A1 WO 2015090254 A1 WO2015090254 A1 WO 2015090254A1 CZ 2014000154 W CZ2014000154 W CZ 2014000154W WO 2015090254 A1 WO2015090254 A1 WO 2015090254A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
particles
matrix
composite
fact
layers
Prior art date
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PCT/CZ2014/000154
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Tomas SÁHA
Petr SÁHA
Original Assignee
Tomas Bata University In Zlin
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tomas Bata University In Zlin filed Critical Tomas Bata University In Zlin
Publication of WO2015090254A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015090254A1/en

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/407—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties containing absorbing substances, e.g. activated carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/58—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising fillers only, e.g. particles, powder, beads, flakes, spheres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/413—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties containing granules other than absorbent substances
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/542—Adhesive fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/558—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving in combination with mechanical or physical treatments other than embossing
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged

Definitions

  • the invention deals with a compact formation of composite character with the possibility of targeted control of the resulting properties of the composite, also comprising the possibility of processing of waste filtering materials. Furthermore, the invention involves the manner of preparation of the mentioned compact formation, in particular in form of a pressed or rolled product or semi-finished product.
  • Composites are heterogeneous systems consisting of no less than two phases, usually of a different chemical composition, which differ from each other in their physical and mechanical properties. Phases separated by an interface are (except for cavities filled with gas) almost always in a solid state. One of the phases has the function of the binding matrix; others are secondary phases called fillers in case of polymer composites.
  • the secondary phases are usually not continuous; they are formed by particles of various shapes (globular, tabular, fibrous). The minimum size of particles in the secondary phases has not been unambiguously determined yet. From a micro structural perspective, such heterogeneous systems can be considered as composites in which the smallest dimension of the secondary phase is higher than 10 -8 m.
  • composites are classified as follows:
  • thermomechanical properties are also important (thermal expansion, stiffness, deformation properties).
  • Inorganic fillers e.g. calcium carbonate, silicon oxide and aluminium oxide, small glass balls sized from 5 to 500 ⁇ m, particularly finely crushed mica, microscopic metal particles
  • the composites that are formed by them are also stiffer than matrices and gain certain physical and mechanical properties (a higher electric and thermal conductivity, a lower thermal expansion, better sliding properties, etc.) according to the selected type of filler.
  • the composite magnetic material according to the European Patent No. 289628 may be taken as an example of particulate polymer composites with specific properties.
  • the magnetic particles contained in the mentioned material have a core made of magnetic material surrounded by a blend of fibrous material and by a solid binder.
  • the particles may be embedded in a polymer resin, which has places selective for the relevant ions.
  • Composite materials made of silicon dioxide and titanium silicalite, silicon dioxide and ⁇ -zeolite or silicon dioxide, ⁇ -zeolite and titanium silicalite according to the patent of the CR No. 291722 are comprised of micro-balls with the average diameter of 20 to 150 ⁇ m, contain up to 70 % of gravimetric zeolite compounds and are characterized by values of the specific surface from 300 to 800 m 2 /g.
  • the preparation of these materials is carried out by dispersing of submicrometer particles of titanium silicalite, ⁇ -zeolite or the blends thereof in a colloidal solution of silicic acid obtained by means of acid hydrolysis of silicon alkoxides, and by putting the hybrid sol obtained in this manner through the emulsification and gelatinization process in organic environments.
  • the invention also refers to the use of ternary mixtures of silicon dioxide, ⁇ -zeolite and titanium silicalite as a catalytic agent during the oxidation of aromatic compounds and during the hydroxylation of benzene to phenol, always using hydrogen peroxide.
  • the subject of the published Czech patent application No. 2003-3131 is composite material consisting of a foam polyurethane polymer composite matrix which continuously fills the space in the structure of the particulate composite among solid particles based on inorganic and polymer particles sized from 0.001 to 5 mm and/or particles of fibrous character, formed by at least one substance selected from a group of substances involving inorganic particles, polymer particles, lignocellulosic particles with a range of sizes between 0.01 and 5 mm.
  • the construction elements based on this composite and intended for reinforcing constructions are dealt with, for which laminates or wood have been used so far.
  • the US patent No. 6276214 refers to flat semi-finished products made of polymer composites with electrically conductive particles intended for strain gauges measuring stress in reinforced concrete structures.
  • Polyolefmes, polyacrylates, polyesters, polyamides, polyacrylonitrile, polysulfone, polycarbonate, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol as well as rubber homopolymers, silicon polymers and cellulose polymers tend to be mentioned as examples of polymer matrix materials.
  • Conductive particles may be e.g. soot, graphite, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, metal powder, metal beads.
  • the Japanese patent application No. 2006008969 also deals with polymer composites with fine metal particles.
  • the interface between the phases has an important role in composites.
  • the surface of mutual contact cannot be explicitly considered an interface where different degrees of cohesion in phases of chemical and physical bonds (predominantly van der Waals forces) occur.
  • a thin layer surrounding the contact area can be considered a part of the phase interface, which tends to be locally deformed due to the influence of dissimilar coefficients of thermal expansion and toughness of the phases.
  • the layer matrix at the phase interface has a different morphology than the inner area of the matrix (the chemical composition is, however, the same). That is shown in a reduced mobility of molecular segments in the boundary layer, especially if a solid anchoring of macromolecules of the matrix on the surface of the filler occurs.
  • an immobilized layer which is characterized by a greater stiffness and a lower ability to create an extensive local plastic deformation. In this regard, they differ from the more remote areas of the matrix which are non-affected by secondary phases. It is also assumed that at the phase interface there is an increased level of free enthalpy, which facilitates diffusion (predominantly of water molecules).
  • the surface of secondary phases is modified in the so-called sizing process. The modification consists in the applying of a suitable chemical substance on the surface of particles or fibres. If the secondary phases are inorganic, then the finishing substance contains both inorganic functional groups reacting with their surface and organic functional groups reacting with the polymer matrix.
  • the most frequent sizing processes comprise various types of silanes and organic titanium compounds.
  • the compact formation of composite character as specified in the invention contributes to a solution of such problems to a significant extent
  • the subject matter of the invention consists in the fact that the compact formation contains a matrix which can be prepared through the compaction of a layer or layers of non-woven fabrics and also a component of discrete particles originally occurring in this layer or layers of non-woven fabrics retained in the filtration mechanism.
  • the compact formation of composite character can preferably contain a polymer matrix which can be prepared through the compression of the filtration layer or layers of non-woven fabrics based on fibres made of polymer materials such as polyolefines, polystyrenes, polyesters, polyamides, polyararnids, polyurethane. polyethersulfon, polyvinylalcohol, polyacrylonitril, polyethylenoxide, polyvinylpyrolidon, epoxides or spinnable polymer blends as well as a component of discrete particles formed by particles of the filtration layer or layers of the retained part of the filtered material.
  • polymer materials such as polyolefines, polystyrenes, polyesters, polyamides, polyararnids, polyurethane. polyethersulfon, polyvinylalcohol, polyacrylonitril, polyethylenoxide, polyvinylpyrolidon, epoxides or spinnable polymer blends as well as
  • the compact formation of composite character may contain a biopolymer matrix which can be prepared through the compression of the filtration layer or layers of non-woven fabrics based on fibres made of biopolymer materials such as gelatine, chitosan, collagen or cellulose as well as a component of discrete particles formed by particles of the filtration layer or layers of the retained part of the filtered material.
  • Microfibers and/or nanofibres may preferably be fibres of non-woven fabrics.
  • the layer or layers of the used waste filter may also be the layer or layers of the filter.
  • a functional and/or modifying additive aimed to control the resulting properties of the composite material may preferably be a component of discrete particles.
  • the additive in question may be an additive showing an activity or a permanent effect in the electric field, an additive showing an activity or a permanent effect in the magnetic field, an additive to particles based on biological material such as cellulose powder or wood flour, or an additive to particles with bioactive, biocidal, and/or antibacterial effects.
  • An additive based on cross-linked powder elastomer may also be a component of discrete particles, in particular waste rubber creating a system highly filled with elastomer together with the matrix which can be prepared through the compression of a layer or layers of non-woven fabrics.
  • particles of toxic material encapsulated in the matrix which enables their very easy and effective disposal, may also be components of discrete particles.
  • a composite matrix is prepared in the form of at least one layer of non-woven fabrics based on spinnable thermoplastic or thermoreactive polymer material, which has the character of a filter, membrane or a porous structure.
  • the filtration mechanism is used to fill this structure with particular or fibrous fillers and, in the third step, it is pressed or rolled to a product or semi-finished product formed by a compact composite formation. This processing takes place at a temperature higher than the melting temperature of the thermoplastic polymer material of the matrix, or under conditions typical for the creation of a cross-linked structure of the thermoreactive polymer material of the matrix.
  • the filtering structure of the polymer matrix was formed based on non-woven fabrics made of spinnable polypropylene. This structure with a porosity of 0.78 was filled with rubber powder in order to achieve a predominantly uniform arrangement of rubber particles in the structure. Air was used as the carrier medium and induced by depression or driven by overpressure into the filtering structure. The filling was carried out in such a manner so as to ensure that the structure was filled to the maximum without a filter cake. The latter was removed if it occurred.
  • the filled filtering structure was then transferred to the compression mould and compressed at the temperature of 190 °C, which was sufficient to make the fibrous structure melt and to create a compact elastic flat product of composite character with a high content of rubber powder.
  • the prepared composite contained 40 % of gravimetric rubber powder in the polypropylene matrix with a distribution of particles sized from 100 nm to 1 mm.
  • the filtering structure of the polymer matrix was formed by three layers of non- woven fabrics made of polylactate with dissimilar porosity values, with the input layer having the highest porosity value and the output layer having the lowest porosity value.
  • Wood flour was stirred in a water solution which contained antibacterial additives, e.g. nisin or thyme extract and also anti-agglomerating additives. Afterwards, the obtained suspension was filtered through the above-mentioned polylactate filtering structure during 1 min.; the produced filter cake was removed with a spatula if it occurred. The full filter (semifinished composite product) was dried, placed in the compression mould and pressed at a pressing temperature of 180 °C (higher than the melting temperature of polylactate) during 60 s.
  • antibacterial additives e.g. nisin or thyme extract
  • anti-agglomerating additives e.g. nisin or thyme extract
  • the prepared composite contained 80 % of gravimetric functional particles of wood flour with the distribution of particles sized from 10 nm to 0.1 mm in the biocompatible polylactate matrix.
  • Example 3
  • the filtering structure of the polymer matrix was created on the basis of non-woven fabrics made of spinnable low-molecular polyethylene and filled magnetic powder particles.
  • the filtration mechanism used vacuum as the suction force, where the suction was carried out on both sides (from one, and subsequently, also from the other side), always during 20 s. Afterwards, compression at a pressing temperature of 120 °C followed.
  • the prepared composite contained 90 % of gravimetric magnetic particles with the distribution of particles sized from 800 nm to 0.5 mm in the polyethylene matrix.
  • the filtering structure of the polymer matrix was created on the basis of non-woven fabrics made of spinnable low-melting polymer. This structure was filled with particles of polyaniline powder.
  • the filtration mechanism used vacuum as the suction force, where the suction was carried out on both sides (from one, and subsequently, also from the other side). The surface filter cake was removed with a spatula if it occurred.
  • the filled system was placed in the compression mould and compressed at a pressing temperature of 90 °C during 2 min.
  • the prepared composite contained 70 % of gravimetric electrically conductive particles with the distribution of particles sized from 800 nm to 0.5 mm and was, therefore, still electrically conductive.
  • the filtration structure of the polymer matrix was made of non- woven nanofabrics based on biopolymer, in the implementation example based on collagen.
  • the filtration mechanism was used to fill this structure with antibacterial particles, and also, if required, to cover the surface of fibres with a coating of a liquid antibacterial substance.
  • the filled filtering structure was placed in the compression mould and compressed in order to transform the biopolymer into a compact formation of composite character.
  • the non-woven filtering nanostructure on the basis of polyurethane nanofibers was placed between electrodes. During the electrochemical' process, ions were retained in this filtering structure. After filling up, the filtering structure was dried, placed in the compression mould and compressed into the form of a compact formation of composite character.
  • the filtration mechanism was used to transport a bioactive substance or substances into the non-woven polymer nanostructure. After filling up, the filtering structure was compressed into the form of a compact formation of composite character.
  • a waste filter was processed through compression on the basis of laminated material, where a layer of nanofibres with a lower melting temperature (70 to 170 °C) is applied on the bottom non-woven material (with the melting temperature of 90 up to 200 °C) from one or on both sides by electrospinning.
  • the fibrous structures produced in this manner were then used for the microfiltration of liquids, such as e.g. a highly effective filtration of bacteria and other microorganisms from water. In this manner, a multi-layer fibrous structure containing the retained toxic substances was produced.
  • a compact composite was produced containing particles of toxic material encapsulated in the polymer matrix.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
PCT/CZ2014/000154 2013-12-17 2014-12-11 Compact structure of a composite nature and method of preparation thereof WO2015090254A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZ2013-1020A CZ307301B6 (cs) 2013-12-17 2013-12-17 Kompaktní útvar kompozitního charakteru a způsob jeho přípravy
CZPV2013-1020 2013-12-17

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WO2015090254A1 true WO2015090254A1 (en) 2015-06-25

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WO (1) WO2015090254A1 (cs)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117681518A (zh) * 2023-12-27 2024-03-12 中国人民解放军海军特色医学中心 一种气柱材料及其制备方法和应用

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CZ2017421A3 (cs) * 2017-07-20 2018-11-21 Univerzita Tomáše Bati ve Zlíně Způsob výroby dvoustupňově síťované biopolymerní membrány a biopolymerní membrána zhotovená tímto způsobem

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EP0607185A1 (en) * 1991-10-11 1994-07-27 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Particle-loaded nonwoven fibrous article for separations and purifications
US5614312A (en) * 1993-05-07 1997-03-25 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Wet-laid sheet material and composites thereof
US5786059A (en) * 1994-12-21 1998-07-28 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Fiber web/aerogel composite material comprising bicomponent fibers, production thereof and use thereof
DE19708694A1 (de) * 1996-05-03 1998-09-10 Bluecher Gmbh Adsorptionsfilter
US6276214B1 (en) 1997-12-26 2001-08-21 Toyoaki Kimura Strain sensor functioned with conductive particle-polymer composites
CZ20033131A3 (cs) 2003-11-18 2005-07-13 Alois Vašíček Kompozitní materiál s lehčenou polyuretanovou matricí a konstrukční prvky na bázi tohoto kompozitu
JP2006008969A (ja) 2004-05-25 2006-01-12 Ube Ind Ltd 金属微粒子ー複合体
CN1834147A (zh) 2006-03-03 2006-09-20 中山大学 一种反应性纳米无机粒子/聚合物复合材料
CN101016399A (zh) 2007-03-02 2007-08-15 中山大学 一种无机纳米粒子/聚合物复合材料及其制备方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0289628A1 (en) 1986-09-26 1988-11-09 Takata Corporation Anchor device for seat belts
EP0607185A1 (en) * 1991-10-11 1994-07-27 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Particle-loaded nonwoven fibrous article for separations and purifications
US5614312A (en) * 1993-05-07 1997-03-25 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Wet-laid sheet material and composites thereof
US5786059A (en) * 1994-12-21 1998-07-28 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Fiber web/aerogel composite material comprising bicomponent fibers, production thereof and use thereof
DE19708694A1 (de) * 1996-05-03 1998-09-10 Bluecher Gmbh Adsorptionsfilter
US6276214B1 (en) 1997-12-26 2001-08-21 Toyoaki Kimura Strain sensor functioned with conductive particle-polymer composites
CZ20033131A3 (cs) 2003-11-18 2005-07-13 Alois Vašíček Kompozitní materiál s lehčenou polyuretanovou matricí a konstrukční prvky na bázi tohoto kompozitu
JP2006008969A (ja) 2004-05-25 2006-01-12 Ube Ind Ltd 金属微粒子ー複合体
CN1834147A (zh) 2006-03-03 2006-09-20 中山大学 一种反应性纳米无机粒子/聚合物复合材料
CN101016399A (zh) 2007-03-02 2007-08-15 中山大学 一种无机纳米粒子/聚合物复合材料及其制备方法

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117681518A (zh) * 2023-12-27 2024-03-12 中国人民解放军海军特色医学中心 一种气柱材料及其制备方法和应用

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CZ20131020A3 (cs) 2015-06-24

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