WO2015089099A1

WO2015089099A1 - Improved structural construction using blocks

Info

Publication number: WO2015089099A1
Application number: PCT/US2014/069385
Authority: WO
Inventors: Eric Jung
Original assignee: Km Williams Worldwide, Llc
Priority date: 2013-12-09
Filing date: 2014-12-09
Publication date: 2015-06-18

Abstract

Various embodiments described herein relate to improved structural construction using blocks. The block may comprise polystyrene (or the like) and be configured to be used with various types of building materials, including concrete, earth, and other pourable building materials. For some embodiments, the block comprises one or more exterior surfaces having one or more notches disposed thereon. Depending on the embodiment, a given notch on an exterior surface may be configured to facilitate the cutting of the block, assist in adhesion of a coating layer applied to the exterior surfaces, or both. In some embodiments, a given notch of the block may vary in depth and shape with respect to another notch of the block. Additionally, the depth and shape of a given notch may vary between different embodiments.

Description

Improved Structural Construction Using Blocks

BACKGROUND

[0001] Use of concrete blocks is commonplace in the construction of buildings and other structures (e.g., walls, etc.), especially in low income areas and regions of the world with limited resources. Once used in a structure, concrete blocks (also referred to as concrete masonry units) can provide the structure with fire protection, insulation, compression strength, and low life-cycle costs. As concrete blocks are often hollow, reinforcement can be facilitated by filling the hollow core of the concrete blocks with concrete or with concrete and steel reinforcement (e.g., reinforcing bar). Additional reinforcement can be provided with use of vertical columns and thickening of walls constructed by concrete blocks. With reinforcement, a structure constructed using concrete blocks has additional tensile strength that prevents twisting or stretching (e.g., of walls). During construction, the concrete blocks are often utilized in masonry-style construction, whereby a skilled mason uses mortar to lay and bind concrete blocks together, often in a staggered arrangement.

SUMMARY

[0002] Various embodiments described herein relate to structural construction using blocks, which may comprise polystyrene or the like. According to some embodiments, the block is utilized as temporary or permanent formwork during construction of various portions of a structure, such as a home, office, or other building. The block may be configured to be used with various types of building materials, including concrete, earth, and other pourable building materials. For some embodiments, the block comprises one or more exterior surfaces having one or more notches disposed thereon. Depending on the embodiment, a given notch on an exterior surface may be configured to facilitate the cutting of the block, assist in adhesion of a coating layer applied to the exterior surfaces (e.g., when the block has exterior surface comprising polystyrene foam), or both. In some embodiments, a given notch of the block may vary in depth and shape with respect to another notch of the block. Additionally, the depth and shape of a given notch may vary between different embodiments.

[0003] In some embodiments, the block may comprise a body including at least one opening extending through the body of the block. Depending on the embodiment, the opening may be configured to receive various types of building material, including pourable building material (e.g., concrete or earth) and reinforcement components (e.g., reinforcing bar or wood). A given block may comprise a plurality of openings extending through the body of the block such that each of the openings forms a separate cell configured to receive building material. For some embodiments, a cell of a given block comprises at least one opening in an exterior surface of the given the block, and a void within the given block. A given block may comprise coupling mechanisms disposed on the exterior of the block and configured to interlock the block with at least one other block placed adjacent to the given block; the other block may be similar to or different from the given block. Through interlocking, the given block may be aligned with respect to one or more adjacent blocks. A given block may be aligned with respect to an adjacent block such that one or more openings of the given block align with one or more openings of the adjacent block. The coupling mechanism of a block may be disposed with respect to one or more openings of the block. In some embodiments, the block is configured to be stacked on one or more other blocks, possibly in a staggered configuration common to masonry-style construction. Unless stated otherwise, throughout this description references to "others blocks" will be understood to include blocks that may or may not be similar to the given block being discussed. [0004] Additionally, for some embodiments, the block is configured to function as a horizontal block, such as a lintel block, which may permit horizontal or substantially horizontal traversal of pipes, conduits, wires, and the like within or through the block. For example, a block configured to function as a horizontal block, when disposed between a first and second block, may permit a pipe from a first opening of the first block to be routed within the horizontal block to a second opening of the second block when the first and second opening are not aligned. In another example, a block configured to function as a horizontal block may permit a pipe, a conduit, or the like to horizontally pass from end of the block to another adjacent block (e.g., to another block configured to function as a horizontal block). Depending on the embodiment, a block configured to function as a horizontal block may comprise an opening at the top of the block that forms a trough within the block, through which pipes, conduits, wires, and the like can traverse. Either or both ends of a block may include an opening that permits pipes, conduits, wires, and the like to pass out the end of the block (e.g., pass from the block to another adjacent block).

[0005] According to some embodiments, a method is provided for using various blocks described herein during construction of a portion of a structure, such as a home, office, or other building. Depending on the embodiment, the method may comprise adjusting a block at a notch, constructed a portion of a structure using the block, applying reinforcement with respect to the block (e.g., using rebar and concrete), and applying a coating layer to the exterior of the block. When used in the construction of the portion of the structure, a block may be placed such that is interlocks with one or more other blocks that are adjacent to the block, thereby allowing for better alignment of between blocks during the construction process. For instance, a given block may be placed: on top one or more other blocks such that the given block interlocks the other blocks; such that one or more other blocks may be placed on top and interlock with the given block; or such that one or more other blocks laterally adjacent to the given block interlock with the given block.

[0006] These and other advantages will become apparent to those skilled in the relevant art upon a reading of the following descriptions and a study of the several examples of the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] Various embodiments are described herein with reference to the following figures. The drawings are provided for illustrative purposes only and to facilitate the reader's understanding of the various embodiments. The drawings shall not be considered limiting of the breadth, scope, or applicability of embodiments. It should be noted that for clarity and ease of illustration these drawings are not necessarily made to scale. Although the accompanying descriptive text may refer to views as "top," "bottom" or "side" views, such references are merely descriptive and do not imply or require that some embodiments be implemented or used in a particular spatial orientation unless explicitly stated otherwise.

[0008] FIG. 1 is a top perspective view an example block used in construction of a structure in accordance with some embodiments.

[0009] FIG. 2 is bottom perspective view of the example block of FIG. 1.

[00010] FIG. 3 is longitudinal view of the example block of FIG. 1.

[00011] FIG. 4A is a top view of the example block of FIG. 1.

[00012] FIG. 4B is a bottom view of the example block of FIG. 1.

[00013] FIG. 5 is latitudinal view of the example block of FIG. 1.

[00014] FIG. 6 is longitudinal cross-sectional view of the example block of FIG. 1.

[00015] FIG. 7 is latitudinal cross- sectional view of the example block of FIG. 1.

[00016] FIG. 8 is a top perspective view an example block used in construction of a structure in accordance with some embodiments.

[00017] FIG. 9 is bottom perspective view of the example block of FIG. 8.

[00018] FIG. 10 is longitudinal view of the example block of FIG. 8.

[00019] FIG. 11A is a top view of the example block of FIG. 8.

[00020] FIG. 1 IB is a bottom view of the example block of FIG. 8.

[00021] FIG. 12 is latitudinal view of the example block of FIG. 8.

[00022] FIG. 13 is longitudinal cross-sectional view of the example block of FIG. 8.

[00023] FIG. 14 is latitudinal cross-sectional view of the example block of FIG. 8.

[00024] FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating an example method for using a block during structural construction in accordance with some embodiments.

[00025] The figures are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit embodiments to the precise form disclosed. It should be understood that embodiments can be practiced with modification and alteration. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[00026] Various embodiments provide for improved construction of structures using blocks. More particularly, various embodiments relate to applying coatings to the exterior or interior of a portion of a structure made using blocks (e.g., polystyrene blocks), and various embodiments relate to cutting blocks used in the construction of a portion of a structure. According to some embodiments, the block may comprise a body having a first top surface, a first bottom surface, and lateral surfaces. The block may further comprise a first opening passing through the body from the first top surface to the first bottom surface, a top coupling mechanism disposed at the first top surface and configured to couple the block to a second block, and a bottom coupling mechanism disposed at the first bottom surface and configured to couple the block to a third block. The block may also comprise a first vertical notch disposed on a first lateral surface of the lateral surfaces. The first vertical notch may extend from the first top surface to the first bottom surface. Additionally, the first vertical notch may be configured to assist in cutting the block into at least two portions, being configured to assist in adhesion of a coating layer to the first lateral surface, or both.

[00027] FIG. 1 is a top perspective view an example block 100 used in construction of a structure in accordance with some embodiments. The block 100 may be used in the construction of various structures, including homes, offices, schools, and the like. For example, the block 100 may be utilized in the construction of various portions of a given building, including columns, beams, walls, stair cases, window frames, door frames, and the like. Depending on the embodiment, some or all of the block 100 may comprise polystyrene, such as extruded polystyrene foam (e.g., Styrofoam®). In some embodiments, the block 100 comprises, in whole or in part, materials similar to polystyrene foam. It will be understood that various features described herein may be applicable to insulating concrete form (ICF) blocks and may be applicable to concrete blocks, such as concrete masonry unit (CMU) blocks. For example, features relating to application of coatings to blocks or features relating to cutting blocks may be applicable to CMU blocks.

[00028] By constructing a block from polystyrene and the like, various embodiments provide blocks that can be light weight (e.g., for easier handling and transport) and easy to modify (e.g., cut), especially in comparison to concrete blocks (e.g., concrete masonry units). Additionally, various embodiments provide for blocks that can be utilized in construction of a structure without the need of skilled masons, which is typically necessary when constructing a structure using concrete blocks. Further, where a block of an embodiment comprises polystyrene foam, the block may provide excellent insulation, a low cost of purchase, a low cost to manufacture, or some combination thereof.

[00029] The block 100 comprises a body including lateral surfaces 102, 104 (each of which is indicated but not visible in FIG. 1), 126, and 130, a top surface 118; a bottom surface 134 (indicated but not visible in FIG. 1); and multiple openings 106 disposed on the top surface 118. In some embodiments, the block 100 has a height of 1 foot, a length of 4 feet, and a width of 6 inches. It will be understood that the dimensions of the block 100 may vary between different embodiments. For example, the block 100 could have a height of 1 foot, a length of 4 feet, and a width of 8 inches. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that changes in the dimensions of block 100 could include dimensional changes to various structure features of the block 100, such as the multiple openings 106. Additionally, it will be understood that between different embodiments, the surfaces of the block 100 may vary in number, shape, orientation, position, or size.

[00030] One or more of the openings 106 may extend through the body of the block 100 from the top surface 102 to the bottom surface 134. By extending through the body of the block 100, each of the openings 106 may form a separate cell within the block 100 configured to receive various types of building material used in the construction of a structure, such as reinforcing bar, wood, concrete, earth, and the like. For instance, one or more of the openings 106 may be configured to receive one or more reinforcing bars vertically erected for a wall, whereby the block 100 can be slide over the bars such that each of the erected bars passes through one or more of the openings 106. The openings 106 may be positioned on the top surface 118 of the block 100 at intervals of predetermined distance (e.g., adjacent openings are centered 6 inches apart), where the predetermined distance may be selected based on dimensions commonly used in the construction of structures (e.g., homes, schools, buildings, etc.). The openings 106 may be of a predetermined size (e.g., 86.2 mm) and predetermined shape (e.g., square with rounded corners). Within a given embodiment or between different embodiments, the openings 106 may vary in number, shape, position, and size.

[00031] In accordance with some embodiments, the block 100 comprises one or more coupling mechanisms that assist in interlocking, and thereby aligning, the block 100 with one or more other blocks, which may or not be similar to the block 100. For example, the top surface 118 of the block 100 includes raised features 116 (hereafter, rims 116) disposed adjacent to (e.g., surrounding the edge of) each of the openings 106. One or more of the rims 116 may assist in interlocking the block 100 with one or more other blocks placed on top of the block 100 (e.g., parallel or perpendicular to the length of the block 100). Further, one or more of the rims 116 may be configured to be received by one or more corresponding features (e.g., openings) disposed on the exterior surface of the other blocks, thereby further assisting in interlocking the block 100 with one or more other blocks placed on top of the block 100.

[00032] As another example, the top surface 118 of the block 100 includes one or more raised features 120 disposed on the top surface 118 along the length of the block 100. One or more of the raised features 120 may assist in interlocking the block 100 with one or more other blocks placed on top of the block 100. Depending on the embodiment, one or more of the raised features 120 may be configured to be received by one or more corresponding features (e.g., recessed features, such indents) disposed on the exterior surface of the other blocks. The use of the rims 116 with the raised features 120 may permit better interlocking between the block 100 and other blocks than by use of the rims 116 or the raised features 120 alone.

[00033] In an additional example, the bottom surface 134 of the block 100 includes one or more recessed features 136 disposed on the bottom surface 134 along the length of the block 100. One or more of the recessed features 136 may assist in interlocking the block 100 with one or more other blocks placed below the block 100. Depending on the embodiment, one or more of the recessed features 136 may be configured to be received by one or more corresponding features (e.g., raised features similar to the raised features 120) disposed on the exterior surface of the other blocks.

[00034] In another example, the lateral surface 126 includes a raised feature 122 and a recessed feature 124, each of which extends (completely or substantially) from the top surface 118 of the block 100 to the bottom surface 134 of the block 100. Each of the raised feature 122 and the recessed feature 124 may assist in interlocking the block 100 with one or more other blocks placed adjacent to the lateral surface 126. The raised feature 122 may be configured to be received by a corresponding feature (e.g., an feature similar to the recessed feature 124) disposed on the exterior surface of another block, and the recessed feature 124 may be configured to receive a corresponding feature (e.g., a raised feature similar to the raised feature 122) disposed on the exterior surface of another block. Additionally, the lateral surface 102 (indicated but not visible in FIG. 1) may include a raised feature or an indent similar to those shown for the lateral surface 126.

[00035] In FIG. 1, a plurality of notches is disposed on the lateral surface 130, including notches 108, 110, 112, and 114. The lateral surface 104 (indicated but not visible in FIG. 1) may include one or more notches similar to those disposed on the lateral surface 130. Depending on the embodiment, some or all of the notches may be configured to assist in cutting the block 100 into at least two portions, to assist in adhesion of a coating layer to the first lateral surface, or both. Through use of the notches configured for cutting, a block can be cut properly, accurately, or evenly at the notch, possibly at predetermined lengths, with little or no need of measuring tools or heavy-duty equipment (e.g., can be cut with a hand saw, as opposed to needing a masonry chisel and hammer). With proper and even cuts, the block 100 (and others like it) can better fit, interlock, or align with one or more other blocks being used in the construction of a structure.

[00036] Through the use of notches configured for adhesion, the notches to create on the block 100 a ruffled exterior surface able to properly receive coatings with little or no need of extra materials or adhesion products. Notches for adhesion are particularly useful when the exterior surface of block 100 to which the coating layer is to be applied (e.g., the lateral surface 104 or 130) comprises polystyrene foam or the like. The lateral surface 130 and the other exterior surfaces of the block 100 may comprise polystyrene foam when, for example, the block 100 is wholly constructed of polystyrene foam.

[00037] A given notch of the block 100 may assist in cutting the block 100 by indicating a position along the lateral surface 130 where the block 100 can be cut at a cross-section of the block 100. A given notch of the block 100 may further assist in cutting the block 100 by causing the lateral surface 130 (or other surfaces of the block 100, such as the top surface 118 or the bottom surface 134) to be thinner or otherwise more susceptible for cutting the block 100. In some embodiments, the depth of the notch can direct affect the thickness of the lateral surface 130 of the block 100 at the notch (e.g., the deeper the notch the thinner the surface at the notch), which in turn may determine the difficultly of cutting the block 100 (e.g., the thinner the surface at the notch, the easier to cut the block 100 at the notch). The depth of the notch may be such that the block 100 can be easily cut at the notch while ensuring structural integrity of the block 100 at the notch.

[00038] A person may cut blocks described herein at a notch to adjust its dimension (length, height, or width) according to its intended use in the construction of a structure. For example, the block 100 may be cut along one or more of the notches disposed on the lateral surface 130 to adjust the length of the block 100. Cutting the blocks described herein may be facilitated by various tools, including those used in the construction of structures, such as knives, blades, saws (e.g., circular saw, hand saw, or sawzall), chisels, and the like. [00039] In another example, a given notch of the block 100 may increase the adhesiveness of the lateral surface 130, at or in proximity to the given notch, for a coating layer that is applied to the lateral surface 130. Coating layers that may be applied to the lateral surface 130 can include those used in construction of structures, such as stucco, plaster, drywall, clay, epoxy resin, and the like.

[00040] As shown in FIG. 1, the notches may be disposed on the lateral surface 130 such that they extend (or substantially extend) between the top surface 118 and the bottom surface 134. In FIG. 1, the notches shown extend vertically from the top surface. In some embodiments, the notches are different from those shown in FIG. 1. For example, notches may be disposed horizontally or slanted along the length of the block 100, or they may be disposed such that they cross over, converge, or diverge with respect to one another. Notches may be curved or straight, or may form patterns on the lateral surface 130 of the block 100 (e.g., hatching, sin waves, etc.). The notch may have a semi-circular, square, rectangular, or triangular cross- section. Within a given embodiment or between different embodiments, notches may vary in number, cross-sectional shape, orientation, width, depth, or position. Depending on the embodiment, some or all of the notches of the block 100 may be replaced by indents or crevices.

[00041] The number, cross- sectional shape, orientation, width, depth, or position of notches may depend on the manufacturing process used to manufacture the block 100. For example, the notches of the block 100 may be disposed on the inner or exterior surfaces of the block 100 according to a particular orientation for manufacturing purposes. In some embodiments, the notches are vertically oriented on the lateral surfaces 130 of the block 100 so that the block 100 can be manufactured with constituency, quality, or speed. The block 100 may be manufactured using a mold or extrusion process.

[00042] In some embodiments, each of the notches 112 and 114 are configured to assist in cutting the block 100 and increase adhesion of the lateral surface 130 for a coating layer, while each of the notches 108 and 110 are configured to increase adhesion of the lateral surface 130 for a coating layer. In some embodiments, each of the notches 112 and 114 are configured to increase adhesion of the lateral surface 130 for a coating layer, while each of the notches 108 and 110 are configured to assist in cutting the block 100 and increase adhesion of the lateral surface 130 for a coating layer.

[00043] For some embodiments, the notch 112 is configured to assist in cutting the block 100 at a cross-section along the notch 112. Additionally, for some embodiments, the block 100 includes another notch disposed on the lateral surface 104 (not visible in FIG. 1) and that corresponds to the notch 112 in alignment, position, or shape. Such a counterpart notch may facilitate cutting the block 100 properly, accurately, or evenly at a cross-section along the notch 112 and the counterpart notch (possibly a predetermined length indicated by the notch 112 and the counterpart notch). Accordingly, a person cutting the block 100 at a cross-section may do so along (i.e., in alignment with) the notch 112 disposed on the lateral surface 130 and its counterpart notch disposed on the lateral surface 104. The notch 114 may be similar to the notch 112. Additionally, the block 100 may include another (counterpart) notch disposed on the lateral surface 104 that corresponds to the notch 114 in alignment, position, or shape.

[00044] As shown in FIG. 1, the notch 112 may be positioned on the lateral surface 130 such that it is centered between two of the openings 106, and the notches 114 may be positioned on the lateral surface 130 such that it is also centered between two of the openings 106, thereby permitting the block 100 to be readily cut between the openings 106. The notches 112 and 114 may be part of a set of notches positioned on the lateral surface 130 at intervals of a predetermined distance 132 (e.g., 6 inches). The notches 112 and 114, and other similar notches disposed on the lateral surface 130, may have a predetermined width (e.g., 6.4 mm).

[00045] As also shown in FIG. 1, the notches 108 and 110 may be positioned within an interval of notches similar to the notches 112 and 114. The notches 108 and 110 may be part of a set of notches positioned on the lateral surface at intervals of a predetermined distance 128 (e.g., 25.4 mm). The notches 108 and 110, and other similar notches disposed on the lateral surface 130, may have a predetermined width (e.g., 3.2 mm). Depending on the embodiment, the notches 108, 110, and other like it may cause the lateral surface 130 to be ruffled such that the lateral surface 130 has increased adhesion for application of one or more coating layers.

[00046] FIG. 2 is bottom perspective view of the block 100 of FIG. 1. FIG. 2 illustrates features described in FIG. 1 with respect to the block 100, including: the lateral surfaces 102 (indicated but not visible in FIG. 2), 104, 126, and 130 (indicated but not visible in FIG. 2); the top surface 118 (indicated but not visible in FIG. 2); the bottom surface 134; the recessed features 136 disposed on the bottom surface 134; the rims 116 disposed on the top surface 118; the raised feature 122 disposed on the lateral surface 126; the recessed feature 124 disposed on the lateral surface 126; and the raised features 120 disposed on the top surface 118. Also shown are notches 206, 210, 214, and 216 disposed on the lateral surface 104. As shown, the notches 206 and 210 may be positioned at intervals of the predetermined distance 128, and the notches 214 and 216 may be positioned at intervals of the predetermined distance 132. [00047] In some embodiments, each of the notches 206 and 210 disposed on the lateral surface 104 are similar to the notches 108 and 110 disposed on the lateral surface 130. Likewise, in some embodiments, each of the notches 214 and 216 disposed on the lateral surface 104 are similar to the notches 112 and 114 disposed on the lateral surface 130. Depending on the embodiment, the notch 214 on the lateral surface 104 may correspond in alignment, shape, or position (e.g., between two of the openings 106) to the notch 112 disposed on the lateral surface 130. Such a correspondence between the notches 214 and 112 may allow for proper, accurate, or even cuts at a cross-section along the notches 214 and 112. The notch 216 on the lateral surface 104 may similarly correspond in alignment, position (e.g., between two of the openings 106), or shape to the notch 114 disposed on the lateral surface 130.

[00048] In FIG. 2, the block 100 comprises openings 202 disposed on the bottom surface 134 of the block 100. According to some embodiments, one or more of the openings 202 extend through the body of the block 100 and couple with one of the openings 106 disposed on the top surface 118 of the block 100, thereby creating a cell within the body of the block 100. Additionally, one or more of the openings 202 may be configured to receive a corresponding feature (e.g., raised feature) from one or more other blocks placed beneath the block 100 during construction of a structure. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, one or more the openings 202 may comprise a larger opening 204 that connects with a smaller opening 212, thereby creating an indented rim 208 around one or more of the openings 202. Such a configuration may, for instance, permit one or more of the openings 202 to receive a raised feature similar or identical to the rims 116 of the block 100. By receiving such corresponding features, one or more of the openings 202 may assist in interlocking the block 100 with one or more other blocks placed beneath the block 100. For instance, when the block 100 is placed on another block similar to the block 100, the openings 202 of the block 100 may receive one or more rims of the other block, thereby interlocking the block 100 with the other block. In some embodiments, the larger opening 204 disposed on the bottom surface 134 is larger than the opening 106 disposed on the top surface 118. In various embodiments, the smaller openings 212 are similar in size and shape to the openings 106.

[00049] FIG. 3 is longitudinal view of the block 100 of FIG. 1. FIG. 3 illustrates features described in FIG. 1 with respect to the block 100, including: the lateral surfaces 102, 126 (each of which is indicated but not visible in FIG. 3), and 130; the top surface 118 (indicated but not visible in FIG. 3); the bottom surface 134 (indicated but not visible in FIG. 3); the rims 116 disposed on the top surface 118; the raised features 120 disposed on the top surface 118; and the notches 108, 110, 112, and 114 disposed on the lateral surface 130.

[00050] FIG. 4A is a top view of the block 100 of FIG. 1, and FIG. 4B is a bottom view of the block 100 of FIG. 1. FIGs. 4A and 4B illustrate features described in FIG. 1 with respect to the block 100, including: the lateral surfaces 102, 104, 126, and 130 (each of which is indicated but not visible in FIGs. 4A and 4B); the top surface 118; the bottom surface 134; the openings 106 disposed on the top surface 118; the rims 116 disposed on the top surface 118; the raised features 120 disposed on the top surface 118; the raised feature 122 disposed on the lateral surface 126; the recessed feature 124 disposed on the lateral surface 126; the notches 108, 110, 112, and 114 disposed on the lateral surface 130; and the recessed features 136 disposed on the bottom surface 134. FIGs. 4A and 4B also illustrate features described in FIG. 2 with respect to the block 100, including the openings 202, the larger opening 204 included as part of each of the openings 202, and the smaller opening 212 included as part of each of the openings 202.

[00051] FIG. 4A further illustrates a reference line A along the length of the block 100, and a reference line B along the width of the block 100. A cross-sectional view of the block 100 along reference line A is provided in FIG. 6, and a cross-sectional view of the block 100 along reference line B is provided in FIG. 7.

[00052] FIG. 5 is latitudinal view of the block 100 of FIG. 1. FIG. 5 illustrates the width of the block 100, and illustrates features described in FIG. 1 with respect to the block 100, including: the lateral surfaces 104 (indicated but not visible in FIG. 5), 126, and 130 (indicated but no visible in FIG. 5); the top surface 118 (indicated but not visible in FIG. 5); the bottom surface 134 (indicated but not visible in FIG. 5); the rims 116 disposed on the top surface 118; one of the raised features 120 disposed on the top surface 118; the raised feature 122 disposed on the lateral surface 126; the recessed feature 124 disposed on the lateral surface 126; and one of the recessed features 136 disposed on the bottom surface 134.

[00053] FIG. 6 is longitudinal cross-sectional view of the block 100 of FIG. 1 along the reference line A as illustrated in FIG. 4A. FIG. 6 illustrates the length of the block 100, and further illustrates features described in FIGs. 1 and 2 with respect to the block 100, including: the lateral surfaces 102 and 126 (each of which is indicated but not visible in FIG. 6); the top surface 118 (indicated by the dashed line but not visible in FIG. 6); the bottom surface 134 (indicated but not visible in FIG. 6); the openings 106 disposed on the top surface 118; the rims 116 disposed on the top surface 118; the raised features 120 disposed on the top surface 118; the recessed features 136 disposed on the bottom surface 134; the openings 202 disposed on the bottom surface 134; and the larger opening 204 and the smaller opening 212 included by each of the openings 202. FIG. 6 also illustrates how each of the openings 106 disposed on the top surface 118 extends through the body of the block 100 and couples with corresponding ones of the openings 202, thereby creating cells 602 within the body of the block 100. In accordance with some embodiments, each of the cells 602 is configured to receive building material, such as reinforcement bar, concrete, and the like, during construction of a structure. The shape or size of one or more of the cells 602 may vary between embodiments. For example, one or more of the cells 602 may widen or narrow within the block as the openings 106 extend through the body of the block 100 to couple with the openings 202.

[00054] FIG. 7 is latitudinal cross-sectional view of the block 100 of FIG. 1 along the reference line B as illustrated in FIG. 4A. FIG. 7 illustrates the width of the block 100, and further illustrates features described in FIGs. 1, 2, and 6 with respect to the block 100, including: lateral surfaces 104 and 130 (each of which is indicated but not visible in FIG. 7); the top surface 118 (indicated but not visible in FIG. 7); the bottom surface 134 (indicated but not visible in FIG. 7); one of the openings 106 disposed on the top surface 118; one of the rims 116 disposed on the top surface 118; one of the openings 202 disposed on the bottom surface 134; the larger opening 204 and the smaller opening 212 included by one of the openings 202; and one of the cells 602 formed by one of the openings 106 extending through the block 100 and coupling with one of the openings 202.

[00055] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the block 100 as illustrated by FIGs. 1-7 only represents some embodiments, and that various embodiments may include similar or alternative features to those illustrated. In some instances, the dimensions, shapes, positions, orientations, or sizes of various features of the block 100 may vary from those illustrated with respect to the block 100. The dimensions, shapes, positions, orientations, or sizes of various features of the block 100 may be according to the dimensions, shapes, positions, orientations, or sizes commonly used in the construction of structures. Additionally, depending on the embodiment, some or all of the notches of the block 100 may be replaced by recessed features or crevice in order to achieve functionality similar to the notches.

[00056] FIG. 8 is a top perspective view an example block 800 used in construction of a structure in accordance with some embodiments. According to some embodiments, the block 800 is configured to be a horizontal block (e.g., lintel block) that allows horizontal or substantially horizontal traversal of pipes, conduits, and the like within or through the block. For example, when disposed between a first and second block, the block 800 may permit a pipe from a first opening of the first block to be horizontally routed within the block 800 to a second opening of the second block when the first and second opening are not aligned. In another example, the block 800 may permit a pipe, a conduit, or the like to horizontally pass from end of the block to another adjacent block (e.g., to another block configured to function as a horizontal block). It will be understood that more than one pipe, conduit, or the like may be routed through or within the block 800. In some embodiments, the block 800 is configured to be placed on a stack of one or more blocks similar to the block 100 of FIGs. 1-7. Additionally, in some embodiments, the block 800 is configured to be placed underneath a stack of one or more blocks similar to the block 100 of FIGs. 1-7. In various embodiments, the block 800 is placed between a stack of one or more blocks on top and a stack of one or more block underneath (e.g., the block 800 is placed between a stack of four blocks similar to the block 100 of FIGs. 1-7). Depending on the embodiment, the block 800 permits pipes, conduits, wires, and the like to: pass through one end of the block 800 and out the other end; pass through one end and be routed into a cell of a block (e.g., similar to the block 100) placed above or below the block 800; and pass into the block 800 from a block placed above or below the block 800 and be routed back to the same block or to a different block.

[00057] For some embodiments, the block 800 is configured to be a horizontal block (e.g., lintel block) suitable for use with other blocks in post and beam construction of various features of a structure. For instance, the block 800 may be used to construct load bearing beams, doorways, or windows of a structure. Depending on the embodiment, the block 800 may be utilized in combination with one or more blocks similar to the block 100 during post and beam construction, and can assist in the reinforcement of the structure.

[00058] Depending on the embodiment, some or all of the block 800 may comprise polystyrene, such as extruded polystyrene foam (e.g., Styrofoam®). In some embodiments, the block 800 comprises, in whole or in part, materials similar to polystyrene foam. By constructing a block from polystyrene and the like, the block can be light weight (e.g., for easier handling and transport) and easier to modify (e.g., cut). Where a block is constructed of polystyrene foam, the block may provide excellent insulation and may also provide a low cost to manufacture.

[00059] The block 800 comprises a body including lateral surfaces 802, 804 (each of which is indicated but not visible in FIG. 8), 826, and 830, top surfaces 818a and 818b; a bottom surface 834 (indicated but not visible in FIG. 8); an opening 806 extending the length of the block 800; and lateral openings 820 at each end of the block 800. In some embodiments, the block 800 has a height of 1 foot, a length of 4 feet, and a width of 6 inches. It will be understood that the dimensions of the block 800 may vary between different embodiments. For instance, the block 800 could have a height of 1 foot, a length of 4 feet, and a width of 8 inches. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that changes in the dimensions of block 800 could include dimensional changes to various structure features of the block 800, such as the opening 806. Additionally, it will be understood that between different embodiments, the surfaces of the block 800 may vary in number, shape, orientation, position, or size.

[00060] The opening 806 may extend partially or entirely through the body of the block 800 from the top surfaces 818a and 818b to the bottom surface 834. Additionally, the opening 806 may extend entirely through the block 800, or may couple to a plurality of openings smaller than the opening 806. The smaller openings may extend from the end of the opening 806, through the remainder of the block 800, and through the bottom of the block 800. By extending through the body of the block 800, the opening 806 can form a trough within the block 800, which may permit horizontal or substantially horizontal traversal of pipes, conduits, wires, and the like within or through the block 800. Before or after pipes, conduits, wires, and the like are routed within or through the block 800, the opening 806 may be configured to receive various types of building material used in the construction of a structure, such as reinforcing bar, wood, concrete, earth, and the like.

[00061] One or more lateral openings 820 may permit pipes, conduits, wires, and the like to pass into the block 800 through a lateral surface (e.g., from another block adjacent to one of the openings 820), and may permit pipes, conduits, wires, and the like to pass out of the block 800 through a lateral surface (e.g., into another block adjacent to one of the openings 820). In FIG. 8, one of the lateral openings 820 is shown on the lateral surface 826. The lateral openings 820 may converge with the opening 806, as shown in FIG. 8, or may comprise a more narrow opening (e.g., circular or square opening) disposed on the lateral surface 826. Though not visible in FIG. 8, the lateral surface 802 of the block 800 may include one of the lateral openings 820.

[00062] In accordance with some embodiments, the block 800 comprises one or more coupling mechanisms that assist in interlocking, and thereby aligning, the block 800 with one or more other blocks, which may or not be similar to the block 800 or similar to the block 100 of FIGs. 1-7. For example, the top surface 818a includes raised features 816a disposed adjacent to the opening 806, and the top surface includes raised features 816b disposed adjacent to the opening 806. As shown, each of the raised features 816a may be positioned according to a corresponding one of the raised features 816a, thereby forming raised feature pairs 816. One or more of the raised feature pairs 816 may assist in interlocking the block 800 with one or more other blocks placed on top of the block 800 (e.g., parallel or perpendicular to the length of the block 800). Further, one or more of the raised feature pairs 816 may be configured to be received by one or more corresponding features (e.g., openings) disposed on the exterior surface of the other blocks, thereby further assisting in interlocking the block 800 with one or more other blocks placed on top of the block 800.

[00063] In another example, the bottom surface 834 of the block 800 includes one or more recessed features 836 disposed on the bottom surface 834 along the length of the block 800. One or more of the recessed features 836 may assist in interlocking the block 800 with one or more other blocks placed below the block 800. Depending on the embodiment, one or more of the recessed features 836 may be configured to be received by one or more corresponding features (e.g., raised features similar to the raised features 120 of the block 100 of FIGs. 1-7) disposed on the exterior surface of the other blocks.

[00064] In another example, the lateral surface 826 includes a raised feature 822 and a recessed feature 824, each of which extends (completely or substantially) from the top surfaces 818a and 818b of the block 800 to the bottom surface 834 of the block 800. Each of the raised feature 822 and the recessed feature 824 may assist in interlocking the block 800 with one or more other blocks placed adjacent to the lateral surface 826. The raised feature 822 may be configured to be received by a corresponding feature (e.g., an feature similar to the recessed feature 824) disposed on the exterior surface of another block, and the recessed feature 824 may be configured to receive a corresponding feature (e.g., a raised feature similar to the raised feature 822) disposed on the exterior surface of another block. Additionally, the lateral surface 802 (indicated but not visible in FIG. 8) may include a raised feature or an indent similar to those shown for the lateral surface 826.

[00065] In FIG. 8, a plurality of notches is disposed on the lateral surface 830, including notches 808, 810, 812, and 814. For some embodiments, the notches 808, 810, 812, and 814 are similar to the notches 108, 110, 112, and 114 described in FIGs. 1-7 with respect to the block 100. Accordingly, the lateral surface 804 (indicated but not visible in FIG. 8) may include one or more notches similar to those disposed on the lateral surface 830. Depending on the embodiment, some or all of the notches may be configured to assist in cutting the block 800 into at least two portions, to assist in adhesion of a coating layer to the first lateral surface, or both. Through use of the notches configured for cutting, a block can be cut properly, accurately, or evenly at the notch, possibly at predetermined lengths, with little or no need of measuring tools or heavy-duty equipment (e.g., can be cut with a hand saw, as opposed to needing a masonry chisel and hammer). With proper and even cuts, the block 800 (and others like it) can better fit, interlock, or align with one or more other blocks being used in the construction of a structure.

[00066] Through the use of notches configured for adhesion, the notches to create on the block 800 a ruffled exterior surface able to properly receive coatings with little or no need of extra materials or adhesion products. Notches for adhesion are particularly useful when the exterior surface of block 800 to which the coating layer is to be applied (e.g., the lateral surface 804 or 830) comprises polystyrene foam or the like. The lateral surface 830 and the other exterior surfaces of the block 800 may comprise polystyrene foam when, for example, the block 800 is wholly constructed of polystyrene foam.

[00067] A given notch of the block 800 may assist in cutting the block 800 by indicating a position along the lateral surface 830 where the block 800 can be cut at a cross-section of the block 800. A given notch of the block 800 may further assist in cutting the block 800 by causing the lateral surface 830 (or other surfaces of the block 800, such as the top surfaces 818a and 818b or the bottom surface 834) to be thinner or otherwise more susceptible for cutting the block 800. In some embodiments, the depth of the notch can direct affect the thickness of the lateral surface 830 of the block 800 at the notch (e.g., the deeper the notch the thinner the surface at the notch), which in turn may determine the difficultly of cutting the block 800 (e.g., the thinner the surface at the notch, the easier to cut the block 800 at the notch). The depth of the notch may be such that the block 800 can be easily cut at the notch while ensuring structural integrity of the block 800 at the notch.

[00068] As described herein, a person may cut blocks described herein at a notch to adjust its dimension (length, height, or width) according to its intended use in the construction of a structure. For example, the block 800 may be cut along one or more of the notches disposed on the lateral surface 830 to adjust the length of the block 800. Cutting the blocks described herein may be facilitated by various tools, including those used in the construction of structures, such as knives, blades, saws (e.g., circular saw, hand saw, or sawzall), chisels, and the like.

[00069] In another example, a given notch of the block 800 may increase the adhesiveness of the lateral surface 830, at or in proximity to the given notch, for a coating layer that is applied to the lateral surface 830. As described herein, coating layers that may be applied to the lateral surface 830 can include those used in construction of structures, such as stucco, plaster, drywall, clay, epoxy resin, and the like.

[00070] As shown in FIG. 8, the notches may be disposed on the lateral surface 830 such that they extend (or substantially extend) between the top surfaces 818a and 818b and the bottom surface 834. In FIG. 8, the notches shown extend vertically from the top surface. In some embodiments, the notches are different from those shown in FIG. 8. For example, notches may be disposed horizontally or slanted along the length of the block 800, or they may be disposed such that they cross over, converge, or diverge with respect to one another. Notches may be curved or straight, or may form patterns on the lateral surface 830 of the block 800 (e.g., hatching, sin waves, etc.). The notch may have a semi-circular, square, rectangular, or triangular cross-section. Within a given embodiment or between different embodiments, notches may vary in number, cross- sectional shape, orientation, width, depth, or position. Depending on the embodiment, some or all of the notches of the block 800 may be replaced by indents or crevices.

[00071] The number, cross- sectional shape, orientation, width, depth, or position of notches may depend on the manufacturing process used to manufacture the block 800. For example, the notches of the block 800 may be disposed on the inner or exterior surfaces of the block 800 according to a particular orientation for manufacturing purposes. In some embodiments, the notches are vertically oriented on the lateral surfaces 830 of the block 800 so that the block 800 can be manufactured with constituency, quality, or speed. The block 800 may be manufactured using a mold or extrusion process.

[00072] In some embodiments, each of the notches 812 and 814 are configured to assist in cutting the block 800 and increase adhesion of the lateral surface 830 for a coating layer, while each of the notches 808 and 810 are configured to increase adhesion of the lateral surface 830 for a coating layer. In some embodiments, each of the notches 812 and 814 are configured to increase adhesion of the lateral surface 830 for a coating layer, while each of the notches 808 and 810 are configured to assist in cutting the block 800 and increase adhesion of the lateral surface 830 for a coating layer.

[00073] For some embodiments, the notch 812 is configured to assist in cutting the block 800 at a cross-section along the notch 812. Additionally, for some embodiments, the block 800 includes another notch disposed on the lateral surface 804 (not visible in FIG. 8) and that corresponds to the notch 812 in alignment, position, or shape. Such a counterpart notch may facilitate cutting the block 800 properly, accurately, or evenly at a cross-section along the notch 812 and the counterpart notch (possibly a predetermined length indicated by the notch 812 and the counterpart notch). Accordingly, a person cutting the block 800 at a cross-section may do so along (i.e., in alignment with) the notch 812 disposed on the lateral surface 830 and its counterpart notch disposed on the lateral surface 804. The notch 814 may be similar to the notch 812. Additionally, the block 800 may include another (counterpart) notch disposed on the lateral surface 804 that corresponds to the notch 814 in alignment, position, or shape.

[00074] As shown in FIG. 8, the notch 812 may be positioned on the lateral surface 830 such that it is centered between two of the raised feature pairs 816, and the notches 814 may be positioned on the lateral surface 830 such that it is also centered between two of the raised feature pairs 816, thereby permitting the block 800 to be readily cut between the raised feature pairs 816. The notches 812 and 814 may be part of a set of notches positioned on the lateral surface 830 at intervals of a predetermined distance 832 (e.g., 6 inches). The notches 812 and 814, and other similar notches disposed on the lateral surface 830, may have a predetermined width (e.g., 6.4 mm).

[00075] As also shown in FIG. 8, the notches 808 and 810 may be positioned within an interval of notches similar to the notches 812 and 814. The notches 808 and 810 may be part of a set of notches positioned on the lateral surface at intervals of a predetermined distance 828 (e.g., 25.4 mm). The notches 808 and 810, and other similar notches disposed on the lateral surface 830, may have a predetermined width (e.g., 3.2 mm). Depending on the embodiment, the notches 808, 810, and other like it may cause the lateral surface 830 to be ruffled such that the lateral surface 830 has increased adhesion for application of one or more coating layers.

[00076] FIG. 9 is bottom perspective view of the example block of FIG. 8. FIG. 9 illustrates features described in FIG. 8 with respect to the block 800, including: the lateral surfaces 802 (indicated but not visible in FIG. 9), 804, 826, and 830 (indicated but not visible in FIG. 9); the top surfaces 818a and 818b (indicated but not visible in FIG. 9); the bottom surface 834; the recessed features 836 disposed on the bottom surface 834; the raised feature pairs 816 disposed on the top surfaces 818a and 818b; the raised feature 822 disposed on the lateral surface 826; the recessed feature 824 disposed on the lateral surface 826; and the lateral opening 820 disposed on the lateral surface 826. Also shown are notches 906, 908, 910, and 912 disposed on the lateral surface 804. As shown, the notches 906 and 908 may be positioned at intervals of the predetermined distance 828, and the notches 910 and 912 may be positioned at intervals of the predetermined distance 832.

[00077] In some embodiments, each of the notches 906 and 908 disposed on the lateral surface 804 are similar to the notches 808 and 810 disposed on the lateral surface 830. Likewise, in some embodiments, each of the notches 910 and 912 disposed on the lateral surface 804 are similar to the notches 812 and 814 disposed on the lateral surface 830. Depending on the embodiment, the notch 910 on the lateral surface 804 may correspond in alignment, shape, or position (e.g., between two of the openings 806) to the notch 812 disposed on the lateral surface 830. Such a correspondence between the notches 910 and 812 may allow for proper, accurate, or even cuts at a cross-section along the notches 910 and 812. The notch 912 on the lateral surface 804 may similarly correspond in alignment, position (e.g., between two of the openings 806), or shape to the notch 814 disposed on the lateral surface 830.

[00078] In FIG. 9, the block 800 comprises openings 902 disposed on the bottom surface 834 of the block 800. According to some embodiments, one or more of the openings 902 extend through the body of the block 800 and couple with the openings 806 that is extending through the block 800 from the top surfaces 818a and 818b. In this way, one or more of the openings 902 may create a cell within the body of the block 800 that couples with the opening 806. Additionally, one or more of the openings 902 may be configured to receive a corresponding feature (e.g., raised feature) from one or more other blocks placed beneath the block 800 during construction of a structure. For example, one or more of the openings 902 may be configured to receive a corresponding feature disposed on the surface of a block similar to the block 800 or a block similar to the block 100 of FIGs. 1-7. For instance, in FIG. 9 one or more the openings 902 may comprise a larger opening 904 that connects with a smaller opening (not visible in FIG. 9), thereby creating an indented rim (also not visible in FIG. 9) around one or more of the openings 902. Such a configuration may, for instance, permit one or more of the openings 902 to receive a raised feature similar or identical to the raised feature pairs 816 of the block 800 or the rims 116 of the block 100 of FIGs. 1-7. By receiving such corresponding features, one or more of the openings 902 may assist in interlocking the block 800 with one or more other blocks placed beneath the block 800. For instance, when the block 800 is placed on another block similar to the block 800, the openings 902 of the block 800 may receive one or more of the raised feature pairs 816 of the other block, thereby interlocking the block 800 with the other block.

[00079] Each of the openings 902 may form a separate cell within the block 800 configured to receive various types of building material used in the construction of a structure, such as reinforcing bar, wood, concrete, earth, and the like. For instance, one or more of the openings 902 may be configured to receive one or more reinforcing bars vertically erected for a wall, whereby the block 800 can be slid over the bars such that each of the erected bars passes through one or more of the openings 902. The openings 902 may be positioned on the bottom surface 834 of the block 800 at intervals of predetermined distance (e.g., adjacent openings are centered 6 inches apart), where the predetermined distance may be selected based on dimensions commonly used in the construction of structures (e.g., homes, schools, buildings, etc.). The openings 902 may be of a predetermined size (e.g., 86.2 mm) and predetermined shape (e.g., square with rounded corners). Within a given embodiment or between different embodiments, the openings 902 may vary in number, shape, position, and size.

[00080] FIG. 10 is longitudinal view of the example block of FIG. 8. FIG. 10 illustrates features described in FIG. 8 with respect to the block 800, including: the lateral surfaces 802 (indicated but not visible in FIG. 10), 826 (indicated but not visible in FIG. 10), and 830; the top surfaces 818a and 818b (indicated but not visible in FIG. 10); the bottom surface 834 (indicated but not visible in FIG. 10); the raised features 816b disposed on the top surface 818b; and the notches 808, 810, 812, and 814 disposed on the lateral surface 830.

[00081] FIG. 11A is a top view of the block 800 of FIG. 8, and FIG. 1 IB is a bottom view of the block 800 of FIG. 8. FIGs. 11A and 1 IB illustrate features described in FIG. 8 with respect to the block 800, including: the lateral surfaces 802, 804, 826, and 830 (each of which is indicated but not visible in FIGs. 11A and 11B); the top surfaces 818a and 818b; the bottom surface 834; the opening 806 disposed between the top surfaces 818a and 818b; the raised features 816a and 816b respectively disposed on the top surfaces 818a and 818b; the raised feature 822 disposed on the lateral surface 826; the recessed feature 824 disposed on the lateral surface 826; the notches 808, 810, 812, and 814 disposed on the lateral surface 830; and the recessed features 836 disposed on the bottom surface 834. FIGs. 11A and 11B also illustrate features described in FIG. 9 with respect to the block 800, including the openings 902 and the larger opening 904. As shown in FIG. 11 A, one or more of the openings 902 may extend through the block 800 and couple with corresponding ones of openings 1102.

[00082] Additionally, as shown in FIG. 11B, one or more of the openings 902 may comprise the larger opening 904 and a smaller opening 1104. As discussed herein, such a configuration may permit the bottom surface 834 to better receive a corresponding feature from other blocks that are placed beneath the block 800.

[00083] FIG. 11 A further illustrates a reference line C along the length of the block 800, and a reference line D along the width of the block 800. A cross- sectional view of the block 800 along reference line C is provided in FIG. 13, and a cross-sectional view of the block 800 along reference line D is provided in FIG. 14. [00084] FIG. 12 is latitudinal view of the block 800 of FIG. 8. FIG. 12 illustrates the width of the block 800, and illustrates features described in FIG. 8 with respect to the block 800, including: the lateral surfaces 804 (indicated but not visible in FIG. 12), 826, and 830 (indicated but no visible in FIG. 12); the top surfaces 818a and 818b (indicated but not visible in FIG. 12); the bottom surface 834 (indicated but not visible in FIG. 12); the raised features 816a and 816b respectively disposed on the top surfaces 818a and 818b; the lateral opening 820 disposed on the lateral surface 826; the raised feature 822 disposed on the lateral surface 826; the recessed feature 824 disposed on the lateral surface 826; and one of the recessed features 836 disposed on the bottom surface 834.

[00085] FIG. 13 is longitudinal cross-sectional view of the block 800 of FIG. 8 along the reference line C as illustrated in FIG. 11A. FIG. 13 illustrates the length of the block 800, and further illustrates features described in FIGs. 8, 9, and 11 with respect to the block 800, including: the lateral surfaces 802 and 826 (each of which is indicated but not visible in FIG. 13); the top surfaces 818a and 818b (indicated by the dashed line but not visible in FIG. 13); the bottom surface 834 (indicated but not visible in FIG. 13); the opening 806 disposed between the top surfaces 818a and 818b and extending down from the top surfaces 818a and 818b to create a trough 1302; the raised features 816b disposed on the top surface 818b; the recessed features 836 disposed on the bottom surface 834; the openings 902 disposed on the bottom surface 834; and the larger opening 904 and the smaller opening 1104 included by each of the openings 902. FIG. 13 also illustrates how each of the openings 902 disposed on the top surface 818 extends through the body of the block 800 and couples with corresponding ones of the openings 1102, thereby creating cells 1304 within the body of the block 800. In accordance with some embodiments, each of the cells 1304 is configured to receive building material, such as reinforcement bar, concrete, and the like, during construction of a structure. The shape or size of one or more of the cells 1304 may vary between embodiments. For example, one or more of the cells 1304 may widen or narrow within the block as the openings 902 extend through the body of the block 800 to couple with the openings 1102.

[00086] FIG. 14 is latitudinal cross-sectional view of the block 800 of FIG. 8 along the reference line C as illustrated in FIG. 11 A. FIG. 14 illustrates the width of the block 800, and further illustrates features described in FIGs. 8, 9, and 11 with respect to the block 800, including: lateral surfaces 804 and 830 (each of which is indicated but not visible in FIG. 14); the top surfaces 818a and 818b (indicated but not visible in FIG. 14); the bottom surface 834 (indicated but not visible in FIG. 14); the opening 806 disposed between the top surfaces 818a and 818b and extending down from the top surfaces 818a and 818b to create the trough 1302; the raised features 816a and 816b respectively disposed on the top surfaces 818a and 818b; one of the openings 902 disposed on the bottom surface 834; the larger opening 904 and the smaller opening 1104 included by one of the openings 902; and one of the cells 1304 formed by one of the openings 902 extending through the block 800 and coupling with one of the openings 1102 (not visible in FIG. 14).

[00087] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the block 800 as illustrated by FIGs. 8-14 only represents some embodiments, and that various embodiments may include similar or alternative features to those illustrated. In some instances, the dimensions, shapes, positions, orientations, or sizes of various features of the block 800 may vary from those illustrated with respect to the block 800. The dimensions, shapes, positions, orientations, or sizes of various features of the block 800 may be according to the dimensions, shapes, positions, orientations, or sizes commonly used in the construction of structures. Additionally, depending on the embodiment, some or all of the notches of the block 800 may be replaced by recessed features or crevice in order to achieve functionality similar to the notches.

[00088] FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating an example method 1500 for using a block during structural construction in accordance with some embodiments. The method 1500 begins at step 1502 with the adjusting of the block. The adjusting of the block may comprise a variety of modifications to the block including, for example, adjustment of height, width, length, or shape of the block. Depending on the embodiment, the block being adjusted may be similar to the block 100 as depicted in FIGs. 1-7, or similar to the block 800 as depicted in FIGs. 8-14. Adjustments to the height, width, length, or shape of the block may be facilitated by way of a notch disposed on the exterior surface of the block, as described herein. Such a notch may facilitate the cutting of the block to effectuate adjustment to the block.

[00089] At step 1504, a portion of a structure is constructed using the block. In some embodiments, the block is placed over reinforcing bars that have been vertically erected to form a wall or beam of a structure. In particular, one or more openings of the block may be placed over the top ends of reinforcing bars such that the reinforcing bars can pass through the openings as the block is slid down the reinforcing bars. A plurality of blocks can be placed in this manner such that blocks vertically or horizontally adjacent to one another can interlock together. For some embodiments, the blocks may be stacked in a staggered manner to facilitate better interlocking of blocks. Additionally, blocks configured to be horizontal blocks (e.g., lintel blocks) can be placed at various positions of the wall to facilitate routing of pipes, conduits, wires, and the like through the portion of the structure being constructed (e.g., a wall).

[00090] At step 1506, reinforcement is applied with respect to the block. In some embodiments, application of reinforcement comprises pouring building material, such as wet concrete, into the openings of the block. In some embodiments, the blocks may be stacked on top of each other such that pouring building material through the openings of the top blocks results in the intentional placement of the building material into the underlying blocks (e.g., into the cells of the underlying blocks). In various embodiments, building material is poured into underlying blocks before additional blocks are placed over the underlying blocks.

[00091] At step 1508, a coating layer is applied to the exterior of the block. In some embodiments, the coating layer is applied to the exterior of the block that remains exposed after the block has been used to construct a portion of the structure (e.g., after step 1504). As described herein, the coating layer may include those used in construction of structures, such as stucco, plaster, drywall, clay, epoxy resin, and the like. As described herein, one or more notches disposed on the exterior of the block can facilitate better adhesion of the coating layer to the block.

[00092] Depending on the embodiment, the method may comprise more or less steps than those described above, and may perform the steps in an alternative order than the one shown in FIG. 15.

[00093] While preferred embodiments have been described, it is to be understood that the embodiments described are illustrative only and that the scope of the embodiments is to be defined solely by the appended claims when accorded a full range of equivalence, many variations and modifications naturally occurring to those of skill in the art from a perusal thereof.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed:

1. A block, comprising:

a body having a first top surface, a first bottom surface, and lateral surfaces;

a first opening passing through the body from the first top surface to the first bottom surface;

a top coupling mechanism disposed at the first top surface and configured to couple the block to a second block;

a bottom coupling mechanism disposed at the first bottom surface and configured to couple the block to a third block; and

a first vertical notch disposed on a first lateral surface of the lateral surfaces, the first vertical notch extending from the first top surface to the first bottom surface, and the first vertical notch being configured to assist in cutting the block into at least two portions or being configured to assist in adhesion of a coating layer to the first lateral surface.

2. The block of claim 1, wherein the first vertical notch is further configured to assist in cutting the block at a cross-section of the block.

3. The block of claim 1, wherein the block comprises a second opening adjacent to the first opening and passing through the body from the first top surface to the first bottom surface.

4. The block of claim 1, wherein the first vertical notch is disposed on the first lateral surface such that the first vertical notch extends from the first top surface to the first bottom surface between the first opening and the second opening.

5. The block of claim 1, wherein the first vertical notch is disposed on the first lateral surface such that the first vertical notch is centered between the first opening and the second opening.

6. The block of claim 1, wherein the top coupling mechanism comprises a raised feature disposed on the first top surface.

7. The block of claim 1, wherein the bottom coupling mechanism comprises a recessed feature disposed on the first bottom surface.

8. The block of claim 1, wherein the top coupling mechanism couples the block to the second block by interlocking the block with the second block.

9. The block of claim 1, wherein the bottom coupling mechanism couples the block to the third block by interlocking the block with the third block.

10. The block of claim 1, further comprising a lateral coupling mechanism disposed on a second lateral surface of the lateral surfaces and configured to couple the block to a fourth block.

11. The block of claim 1, wherein the lateral coupling mechanism couples the block to the fourth block by interlocking the block with the fourth block.

12. The block of claim 1, further comprising a second vertical notch disposed on the first lateral surface of the lateral surfaces, the second vertical notch extending from the first top surface to the first bottom surface, and the second vertical notch being spaced a predetermined distance from the first vertical notch.

13. The block of claim 1, wherein the block is configured to function as lintel block.

14. The block of claim 1, wherein the first vertical notch is part of a plurality of vertical notches, the plurality of vertical notches forming a pattern on the first lateral surface.

15. The block of claim 1, wherein the body comprises polystyrene.

16. The block of claim 1, wherein the first vertical notch is deeper when configured for assisting in cutting the block than when configured for adhesion of the coating layer.

17. A method, comprising:

placing a first block adjacent to a second block, the first and second blocks forming a portion of a structure, and the first blocks comprising:

a body having a first top surface, a first bottom surface, and lateral surfaces; a first opening passing through the body from the first top surface to the first bottom surface;

a bottom coupling mechanism disposed at the first bottom surface and configured to couple the first block to the second block;

a top coupling mechanism disposed at the first top surface and configured to couple the first block to a third block; and

a first vertical notch disposed on a first lateral surface of the lateral surfaces, the first vertical notch extending from the first top surface to the first bottom surface, and the first vertical notch being configured to assist in cutting the block into two portions or being configured to assist in adhesion of a coating layer to the first lateral surface;

depositing concrete into the first opening of the first block; and

applying the coating layer to the first lateral surface of the first block.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the depositing the concrete into the first opening comprises filling uncured concrete into the first opening and allowing the uncured concrete to cure.

19. The method of claim 17, further comprising adjusting the length of the first block by cutting the first block at the first vertical notch.

20. The method of claim 17, further comprising placing a reinforcing bar, wherein the placing of the first block adjacent to the second block results in the reinforcing bar passing through the first opening of the first block.

21. The method of claim 17, wherein the portion of the structure is a wall or a column of the structure.

22. The method of claim 17, wherein the coating layer comprises stucco, plaster, or drywall.

23. The method of claim 17, wherein the body comprises polystyrene.

24. The method of claim 17, wherein the first block is vertically or horizontally adjacent to the second block.

25. The method of claim 17, wherein the second block is similar to the first block.

26. The method of claim 17, wherein the placing of the first block adjacent to the second block results in the first block interlocking with the second block.