WO2015086067A1 - Rupteur sous vide - Google Patents

Rupteur sous vide Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015086067A1
WO2015086067A1 PCT/EP2013/076279 EP2013076279W WO2015086067A1 WO 2015086067 A1 WO2015086067 A1 WO 2015086067A1 EP 2013076279 W EP2013076279 W EP 2013076279W WO 2015086067 A1 WO2015086067 A1 WO 2015086067A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vacuum
circuit breaker
space
vacuum circuit
breaker according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2013/076279
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Javier Mantilla
Oliver Cossalter
Tarek Lamara
Thierry Delachaux
Original Assignee
Abb Technology Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Abb Technology Ag filed Critical Abb Technology Ag
Priority to PCT/EP2013/076279 priority Critical patent/WO2015086067A1/fr
Publication of WO2015086067A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015086067A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/6606—Terminal arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/53—Cases; Reservoirs, tanks, piping or valves, for arc-extinguishing fluid; Accessories therefor, e.g. safety arrangements, pressure relief devices
    • H01H33/56—Gas reservoirs
    • H01H2033/566—Avoiding the use of SF6
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/6606—Terminal arrangements
    • H01H2033/6613—Cooling arrangements directly associated with the terminal arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/53—Cases; Reservoirs, tanks, piping or valves, for arc-extinguishing fluid; Accessories therefor, e.g. safety arrangements, pressure relief devices
    • H01H33/56—Gas reservoirs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a vacuum circuit breaker according to independent claim 1, in particular a metal enclosed vacuum circuit breaker, as well to the use of the vacuum circuit breaker in a medium or high voltage range.
  • Vacuum circuit breakers are well known in the prior art.
  • metal enclosed vacuum circuit breakers comprise a tank, which encloses a tank interior space, and a vacuum interrupter comprising a vacuum flask contained in the tank interior space.
  • the vacuum flask encloses a vacuum space within which a pair of electrical contacts, that are moveable in respect to each other between a closed position and an open position, is arranged.
  • the contacts are supported by a conductive stem extending from the vacuum space to the outside of the vacuum space, with at least one conductive stem being moveably fitted in a bellow of the vacuum flask in a gas-tight manner.
  • the tank interior space surrounding the vacuum flask is usually filled with a gaseous insulation medium, e.g. SF 6 (sulphur hexafluoride ) .
  • SF 6 is known to have an outstanding dielectric strength and thus has excellent insulation capabilities.
  • SFg might have some environmental impact when released into the atmosphere, in particular due to its relatively high global warming potential (GWP) and its relatively long lifetime in the atmosphere. So far, the relatively high GWP of SF 6 has been coped with by strict gas leakage control and by very careful gas handling.
  • SF 6 dry air, nitrogen, C0 2 or mixtures thereof can be used as an insulation medium. Due to their lower dielectric strength, the tank dimensions have to be increased and/or higher densities of the insulation medium have to be chosen than when using SF 6 . Specifically, the pressure in the tank is often 3 bars or higher when using a conventional alternative insulation medium mentioned above, resulting in a high differential pressure between the vacuum space and the insulation space. This differential pressure is, however, disadvantageous, because it induces a high mechanical stress on the bellow of the vacuum interrupter.
  • circuit breakers which make use of a non-SF 6 insulation gas, specifically a hydrofluoroolefin and a fluoroketone, are disclosed in FR-A-2 987 490 and FR-A-2 980 632.
  • WO 2012/084192 discloses a vacuum interrupter arrangement for a circuit breaker comprising a first and a second cylindrical shaped vacuum insert, with both being surrounded by an outer vacuum containe .
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a vacuum circuit breaker, more particularly a metal enclosed vacuum circuit breaker, allowing for an environmentally friendly, yet efficient electric insulation of the tank also when designed in a compact manner and which at the same time
  • the invention relates to a vacuum circuit breaker comprising a tank enclosing a tank interior space, and a vacuum interrupter comprising a vacuum flask which is arranged in the tank interior space and which encloses a vacuum space, within which a pair of electrical contacts that are moveable in respect to each other between a closed position and an open position is arranged.
  • the contacts are each supported by a conductive stem extending from the vacuum space to the outside of the vacuum space, with at least one conductive stem being moveably fitted in a bellow of the vacuum flask in a gas-tight manner.
  • the portion of the tank interior space surrounding the vacuum interrupter forms at least one insulation space, at least one of which containing a dielectric insulation medium which comprises an organofluorine compound having a Global Warming Potential lower than the one of SF S .
  • the organofluorine compound is according to the present invention at least partially in liquid state and at least a portion of the vacuum interrupter is immersed in the liquid organofluorine compound.
  • the insulation medium comprises an organofluorine compound having a lower Global Warming Potential than SF 6 .
  • the insulation medium is not pure SF 6 .
  • the organofluorine compound is preferably at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: fluoroethers , in particular hydrofluoromonoethers,
  • the present invention allows the insulation performance to be improved and/or the tank design to be made more compact while simultaneously keeping the differential pressure between the vacuum space and the insulation space at a relatively moderate level.
  • the mechanical stress acting on the vacuum interrupter, and more particularly on the bellow of the vacuum flask, can be reduced.
  • the problems typically faced with when using other non-SF 6 insulation media can efficiently be avoided.
  • the organofluorine compound is according to the present invention at least partially in liquid state and at least a portion of the vacuum interrupter is immersed in the liquid organofluorine compound.
  • Organofluorine compounds in general, and the specific fluoroethers, fluoroketones and fluoroolefins in particular, have a relatively high boiling point. There is, thus, no need to provide the circuit breaker with sophisticated cooling or pressurization means in order to keep at least a portion of the insulation medium in liquid state. At operating temperatures, at least a portion of the insulation medium is thus in liquid state also at a relatively moderate pressure.
  • the feature that at least a portion of the vacuum circuit breaker is immersed in the liquid organofluorine compound encompasses embodiments, in which the vacuum interrupter is completely immersed, and more particularly embodiments, in which the whole volume of the insulation space, i.e. the portion of the tank interior space surrounding the vacuum interrupter, is filled with the liquid organofluorine compound.
  • At least a portion of at least one of the conductive stems is immersed in the organofluorine compound. It is in this regard further preferred that at least one of the conductive stems comprises a channel system, said channel system comprising at least one cooling medium supply channel which from an inlet opening arranged in a region of the conductive stem located outside the vacuum space extends in longitudinal direction towards the vacuum space.
  • the insulation medium which in this regards functions as the cooling medium, is thus supplied to the regions where during a breaking operation the greatest amount of heat is generated, i.e. the vacuum flask and its interior. Consequently, heat can be dissipated in a very efficient manner .
  • the cooling medium supply channel comprises a heating zone arranged in a region of the conductive stem located inside the vacuum space, and a cooling zone arranged in region of the conductive stem located outside the vacuum space.
  • the conductive stem with the cooling medium supply channel thus functions as a heat pipe, in which heat is dissipated both by heat conduction and convection.
  • the channel system forms a recycling channel system comprising in addition to the cooling medium supply channel a cooling medium return channel fluidly connected to said cooling medium supply channel and extending therefrom in longitudinal direction to an outlet opening arranged in a region of the conductive stem located outside the vacuum space.
  • the organofluorine compound is preferably at least one compound selected from the group consisting of fluoroethers , in particular hydrofluoromonoethers, fluoroketones, in particular perfluoroketones, and fluoroolefins , in particular hydrofluoroolefins, and mixtures thereof.
  • the insulation medium comprises a fluoroketone containing from four to twelve carbon atoms, preferably containing exactly five or exactly six carbon atoms or mixtures thereof.
  • the insulation medium comprises in addition to the organofluorine compound in liquid state a gaseous component selected from the group of: air, an air component, particularly oxygen or nitrogen or carbon dioxide, a nitrogen oxide (including but not limited to NO 2 , NO, N 2 0) ,
  • an organofluorine compound particularly a fluoroketone, more particularly a fluoroketone containing from four to seven carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof.
  • fluoroketone as used in this application shall be interpreted broadly and shall encompass both perfluoro- ketones and hydrofluoroketones, and shall further encompass both saturated compounds and unsaturated compounds, i.e. compounds including double and/or triple bonds between carbon atoms.
  • the at least partially fluorinated alkyl chain of the fluoroketones can be linear or branched, or can form a ring, which optionally is substituted by one or more alkyl groups.
  • the fluoroketone is a perfluoroketone .
  • the fluoroketone has a branched alkyl chain, in particular an at least partially fluorinated alkyl chain.
  • the fluoroketone is a fully saturated compound.
  • the insulation medium comprises a fluoroketone containing exactly five or exactly six carbon atoms or mixtures thereof. Compared to fluoroketones having a greater chain length with more than six carbon atoms, fluoroketones containing five or six carbon atoms have the advantage of a boiling point in a particularly useful temperature range.
  • the fluoroketone is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds defined by the following structural formulae in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted with a fluorine atom:
  • Fluoroketones containing five or more carbon atoms are further advantageous, because they are generally non-toxic with outstanding margins for human safety. This is in contrast to fluoroketones having less than four carbon atoms, such as hexafluoroacetone (or hexafluoropropanone) , which are toxic and very reactive.
  • fluoroketones containing exactly five carbon atoms herein briefly named C5K
  • fluoroketones containing exactly six carbon atoms are thermally stable up to 500 °C.
  • the fluoroketones in particular C5K, having a branched alkyl chain or having a straight alkyl chain are possible.
  • the C5K is a perfluoroketone, in particular has the molecular formula C 5 Fi 0 O, i.e. is fully saturated without double or triple bonds between carbon atoms.
  • This fluoroketone named "a)" may more preferably be selected from the group consisting of 1,1,1,3,4,4,4- heptafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) butan-2-one (also named decafluoro-2-methylbutan-3-one) , 1,1,1,3,3,4,4,5,5, 5-deca- fluoropentan-2-one, 1,1,1,2,2,4,4,5,5, 5-decafluoropentan-3- one and octafluorocylcopentanone, and most preferably is 1,1,1,3,4,4, 4-heptafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) butan-2-one .
  • even higher insulation capabilities can be achieved by combining the mixture of different fluoroketone components.
  • a fluoroketone containing exactly five carbon atoms, as described above and here briefly called C5K, and a fluoroketone containing exactly six carbon atoms or exactly seven carbon atoms, here briefly named fluoroketone c) can favourably be part of the dielectric insulation at the same time.
  • fluoroketone c a fluoroketone containing exactly six carbon atoms or exactly seven carbon atoms
  • the further fluoroketone c) is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds defined by the following structural formulae in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted with a fluorine atom:
  • any fluoroketone having exactly 6 carbon atoms in which the at least partially fluorinated alkyl chain of the fluoroketone forms a ring, which is substituted by one or more alkyl groups (Ilh); and/or is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds defined by the following structural formulae in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted with a fluorine atom:
  • the present invention encompasses each compound or each combination of compounds selected from the group consisting of the compounds according to structural formulae (la) to (Ii), (Ila) to (Ilh), (Ilia) to (IIIo), and mixtures thereof .
  • fluoroketone c a fluoroketone containing exactly six carbon atoms (falling under the designation "fluoroketone c)" mentioned above) may be preferred; such a fluoroketone is non-toxic, with outstanding margins for human safety.
  • fluoroketone c) alike C5K, is a perfluoroketone, and/or has a branched alkyl chain, in particular an at least partially fluorinated alkyl chain, and/or the fluoroketone c) contains fully saturated compounds.
  • the fluoroketone c) has the
  • the fluoroketone c) can be selected from the group consisting of 1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-2- ( trifluoromethyl ) pentan-3-one (also named dodecafluoro-2- methylpentan-3-one) , 1,1,1,3,3,4,5, 5, 5-nonafluoro-4-
  • trifluoromethyl butan-2-one also named dodecafluoro-3 , 3- (dimethyl) butan-2-one
  • dodecafluorohexan-2-one dodecafluorohexan-3-one
  • decafluorocyclohexanone decafluorocyclohexanone, and particularly is the mentioned 1 , 1 , 1 , 2 , 4 , 4 , 5 , 5, 5-nonafluoro- 2- (trifluoromethyl ) pentan-3-one .
  • the insulation medium preferably comprises a fluoroether, more particularly a hydrofluoromonoether, containing at least three carbon atoms .
  • the invention encompasses both embodiments in which the dielectric insulation medium comprises either one of a fluoroether, in particular a hydrofluoromonoether, a fluoroketone and a fluoroolefin, in particular a hydrofluoroolefin, as well as embodiments in which it comprises a mixture of at least two of these compounds.
  • fluoroether as used in the context of the present invention encompasses both perfluoroethers, i.e. fully fluorinated ethers, and hydrofluoroethers, i.e. ethers that are only partially fluorinated.
  • fluoroether further encompasses saturated compounds as well as unsaturated compounds, i.e. compounds including double and/or triple bonds between carbon atoms.
  • the at least partially fluorinated alkyl chains attached to the oxygen atom of the fluoroether can, independently of each other, be linear or branched.
  • fluoroether further encompasses both non-cyclic and cyclic ethers.
  • the two alkyl chains attached to the oxygen atom can optionally form a ring.
  • the term encompasses fluorooxiranes .
  • the organofluorine compound according to the present invention is a pertluorooxirane or a hydrofluoro- oxirane, more specifically a perfluorooxirane or hydro- fluorooxirane comprising from three to fifteen carbon atoms.
  • the dielectric insulation medium comprises a hydrofluoromonoether containing at least three carbon atoms.
  • these hydrofluoromonoethers are chemically and thermally stable up to temperatures above 140°C. They are further nontoxic or have a low toxicity level. In addition, they are non-corrosive and non-explosive.
  • hydrofluoromonoether refers to a compound having one and only one ether group, said ether group linking two alkyl groups, which can be, independently from each other, linear or branched, and which can optionally form a ring.
  • the compound is thus in clear contrast to the compounds disclosed in e.g. US-B-7128133, which relates to the use of compounds containing two ether groups, i.e. hydrofluorodiethers , in heat-transfer fluids.
  • hydrofluoromonoether as used herein is further to be understood such that the monoether is partially hydrogenated and partially fluorinated. It is further to be understood such that it may comprise a mixture of differently structured hydrofluoromonoethers .
  • structurally different shall broadly encompass any difference in sum formula or structural formula of the hydrofluoromonoether .
  • hydrofluoromonoethers containing at least three carbon atoms have been found to have a relatively high dielectric strength. Specifically, the ratio of the dielectric strength of the hydrofluoromonoethers
  • 11.12.2013 according to the present invention to the dielectric strength of SF 6 is greater than about 0.4.
  • the GWP of the hydrofluoromonoethers is low.
  • the GWP is less than l'OOO over 100 years, more specifically less than 700 over 100 years.
  • hydrofluoromonoethers mentioned herein have a relatively low atmospheric lifetime and in addition are devoid of halogen atoms that play a role in the ozone destruction catalytic cycle, namely CI, Br or I.
  • Their Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) is zero, which is very favourable from an environmental perspective.
  • hydrofluoromonoether containing at least three carbon atoms and thus having a relatively high boiling point of more than -20°C is based on the finding that a higher boiling point of the hydrofluoromonoether generally goes along with a higher dielectric strength.
  • the hydrofluoromonoether contains exactly three or four or five or six carbon atoms, in particular exactly three or four carbon atoms, most preferably exactly three carbon atoms.
  • the hydrofluoromonoether is thus at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds defined by the following structural formulae in which a part of the hydrogen atoms is each substituted by a fluorine atom:
  • the ratio of the number of fluorine atoms to the total number of fluorine and hydrogen atoms, here briefly called "F-rate", of the hydrofluoromonoether is at least 5:8. It has been found that compounds falling within this definition are generally non-flammable and thus result in an insulation medium complying with highest safety requirements. Thus, safety requirements of the electrical insulator and the method of its production can readily be fulfilled by using a corresponding hydrofluoromonoether .
  • the ratio of the number of fluorine atoms to the number of carbon atoms ranges from 1.5:1 to 2:1.
  • Such compounds generally have a GWP of less than I'OOO over 100 years and are thus very environment-friendly. It is particularly preferred that the hydrofluoromonoether has a GWP of less than 700 over 100 years.
  • the hydrofluoromonoether has the general structure (0)
  • exactly one of c and f in the general structure (0) is 0.
  • the corresponding grouping of fluorines on one side of the ether linkage, with the other side remaining unsubstituted, is called "segregation" .
  • the hydrofluoromonoether is selected from the group consisting of pentafluoro-ethyl-methyl ether (CH 3 - 0-CF 2 CF 3 ) and 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl-trifluoromethyl ether (CF 3 -0-CH 2 CF 3 ) .
  • Pentafluoro-ethyl-methyl ether has a boiling point of +5.25°C and a GWP of 697 over 100 years, the F-rate being 0.625, while 2 , 2 , 2-trifluoroethyl-trifluoromethyl ether has
  • pentafluoro-ethyl-methyl ether has been found to be thermally stable at a temperature of 175 °C for 30 days and therefore to be fully suitable for the operational conditions given in the apparatus. Since thermal stability studies of hydrofluoromonoethers of higher molecular weight have shown that ethers containing fully hydrogenated methyl or ethyl groups have a lower thermal stability compared to those having partially hydrogenated groups, it can be assumed that the thermal stability of 2 , 2 , 2-trifluoroethyl- trifluoromethyl ether is even higher.
  • hydrofluoromonoethers and in particular pentafluoro- ethyl-methyl ether as well as 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl- trifluoromethyl ether, have a lethal concentration LC 50 of higher than 10' 000 ppm, rendering them suitable also from a toxicological point of view.
  • hydrofluoromonoethers mentioned have a higher dielectric strength than air.
  • the organofluorine compound can also be a fluoroolefin, in particular a hydrofluoroolefin . More particularly, the fluoroolefin or hydrofluoroolefin, respectively, contains exactly three carbon atoms.
  • the hydrofluoroolefin is, thus, selected from the group consisting of: 1 , 1 , 1 , 2-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) , 1, 2, 3, 3-tetrafluoro-2-propene (HFO-1234yc) , 1,1,3,3- tetrafluoro-2-propene (HFO-123 c) , 1 , 1 , 1 , 3-tetrafluoro-2- propene (HFO-1234ze) , 1 , 1 , 2 , 3-tetrafluoro-2-propene (HFO- 1234ye), 1 , 1 , 1 , 2 , 3-pentafluoropropene (HFO-1225ye) ,
  • the vacuum flask is enclosed by an envelope arranged in the tank interior space, wherein the portion of the insulation space inside the envelope forms a primary insulation space containing the dielectric insulation medium and the portion of the insulation space outside the envelope forms a secondary insulation space separated from the primary insulation space, said secondary insulation space containing
  • a relatively high pressure of the latter can be set, thus allowing for a very high heat conduction capability, by leaving the pressure in the primary insulation space unaffected.
  • the pressure in the secondary insulation space is, thus, at least approximately equal to the pressure in the primary insulation space.
  • This embodiment is of particular relevance for high voltage ratings, as the amount of insulation liquid needed can be kept much lower than would be the case, if there were no secondary insulation space.
  • the heat dissipation medium is selected from the group consisting of air, an air component, particularly oxygen or nitrogen or carbon dioxide, a nitrogen oxide (including but not limited to N0 2 , NO, N 2 0) , an organofluorine compound, particularly a fluoroketone, more particularly a fluoroketone containing from four to seven carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof.
  • the heat dissipation medium is in the form of a mist of droplets of an organofluorine compound, particularly a fluoroketone, more particularly a fluoroketone containing from four to seven carbon atoms, most particularly containing exactly five or exactly six carbon atoms or mixtures thereof, said droplets being suspended in air, an air component, carbon dioxide, a nitrogen oxide (including but not limited to N0 2 , NO, N 2 0) , and mixtures thereof.
  • an organofluorine compound particularly a fluoroketone, more particularly a fluoroketone containing from four to seven carbon atoms, most particularly containing exactly five or exactly six carbon atoms or mixtures thereof, said droplets being suspended in air, an air component, carbon dioxide, a nitrogen oxide (including but not limited to N0 2 , NO, N 2 0) , and mixtures thereof.
  • a mist-generating means in particular an ultrasonic vaporizer, designed for vaporizing the heat dissipation medium can be attributed to the secondary insulation medium.
  • the primary insulation space is preferably separated from the secondary insulation space in a gas-tight manner.
  • heating means are attributed to the at least one insulation space. This is, in particular, of relevance, if the vacuum circuit breaker is operated at low temperatures, since solidification of any component of the dielectric insulation medium, and specifically of the liquid organofluorine compound, and/or condensation of any component of the heat dissipation medium can be efficiently avoided.
  • each insulation space a reservoir volume is attributed, said reservoir volume allowing for compensating a volume expansion of the insulation medium (i.e. the dielectric insulation medium and/or the heat dissipation medium) due to a raise in temperature. That way, the pressure in the insulation space is kept constant even in the case of a raise in temperature.
  • Compensation of the volume expansion can, for example, be achieved by the reservoir volume forming a surge tank.
  • the compensation of the volume expansion can be achieved by means of a floating piston, which - when a raise in temperature or pressure, respectively, occurs - is forced towards the reservoir volume .
  • the at least one insulation space comprises a contamination- reducing component, preferably a molecular sieve, more preferably a zeolite.
  • a contamination- reducing component preferably a molecular sieve, more preferably a zeolite.
  • water and/or decomposition products of components of the insulation medium can be efficiently removed, which is of particular relevance for the subject matter at issue, since the organofluorine compound can in the presence of water decompose for example to hydrogen fluoride (HF) , which is extremely toxic and corrosive and thus both harmful to the operator of the circuit breaker as well as to the circuit breaker itself.
  • HF hydrogen fluoride
  • the contamination-reducing component is a moisture-reducing component.
  • moisture-reducing component is equivalent to the term “water-reducing component”.
  • the contamination-reducing component is a molecular sieve, more preferably a zeolite, i.e. a micro-porous aluminosilicate mineral that has undergone cation exchange to achieve a desired pore size.
  • Further preferred contamination-reducing components enclose active charcoal and active alumina. Using any of these contamination-reducing components allows for efficient removal of both water and decomposition products, such as hydrogen fluoride (HF) .
  • the contamination-reducing component is a molecular sieve
  • this has a pore size from 3 A to 13 A, preferably from 5 A to 13 A, more preferably from 6 A to 12 A, even more preferably from 7 A to 11 A, most preferably from 9 A to 11 A.
  • Suitable zeolites include e.g. ZEOCHEM® molecular sieve 3A (having a pore size of 3 A) , ZEOCHEM ⁇ molecular sieve 4A (having a pore size of 4 A) , ZEOCHEM® molecular sieve 5A (having a pore size of 5 A) and ZEOCHEM® molecular sieve 13X (having a pore size of 9 A) .
  • the vacuum circuit breaker can comprise a desiccant selected from the group consisting of: calcium, calcium sulphate, calcium carbonate, calcium hydride, potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, copper (II) sulphate, calcium oxide, magnesium, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulphate, magnesium perchlorate, sodium, sodium sulphate, aluminium, lithium aluminium hydride, aluminium oxide, montmorrilonite, phosphorpentoxide , silica gel and a cellulose filter.
  • a desiccant selected from the group consisting of: calcium, calcium sulphate, calcium carbonate, calcium hydride, potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, copper (II) sulphate, calcium oxide, magnesium, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulphate, magnesium perchlorate, sodium, sodium sulphate, aluminium, lithium aluminium hydride, aluminium oxide, montmorrilonite, phosphorpentoxide , silica gel and a cellulose filter.
  • Fig. 1 shows a purely schematic illustration of a vacuum circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 shows a purely schematic illustration of a vacuum circuit breaker according to a further embodiment of the present invention.
  • the vacuum circuit breaker 2 comprises a tank 4, which in the embodiment shown is in the form of a metal enclosure.
  • the tank 4 encloses a tank interior space 6.
  • the circuit breaker 2 further comprises a vacuum interrupter 8, which comprises a vacuum flask 10 arranged in
  • the vacuum flask 10 is in the form of a ceramic cylinder 12, the ends of which are covered by metallic end caps 14a, 14b sealed to the ceramic e.g. by brazing.
  • the portion of the tank interior space 6 surrounding the vacuum interrupter 8 forms an insulation space 9.
  • the vacuum flask 10 itself encloses a vacuum space 16 within which a pair of contacts 18a, 18b is arranged. These contacts 18a, 18b are moveable in respect to each other from a closed position (shown in the figure) to an open position.
  • the contacts each are supported by a conductive stem 20a, 20b, respectively, coaxially extending through the vacuum flask 10.
  • the conductive stems 20a, 20b are part of a conductor 22 insulated from the tank material by means of respective bushings 24a, 24b.
  • one conductive stem 20b is being moveably fitted in a bellow 26 of the vacuum flask 10 in a gas-tight manner, whereas the other conductive stem 20a as well as the respective contact 18a is fixed.
  • Both conductive stems 20a, 20b can comprise a recycling channel system 28a, 28b, each comprising a cooling medium supply channel 30a, 30b, which from an inlet opening 32a, 32b arranged in a region of the conductive stem 20a, 20b located outside the vacuum space 16 extends in longitudinal direction towards the vacuum space 16.
  • each of the cooling medium supply channels 30a, 30b can be fluidly connected to a cooling medium return channel 36a, 36b by a connecting
  • 11.12.2013 channel 34a, 34b with the cooling medium return channels 36a, 36b in each case extending from the point of connection in longitudinal direction, i.e. parallel to the cooling medium supply channel 30a, 30b, to a respective outlet opening 38a, 38b arranged in a region of the conductive stem 20a, 20b located outside the vacuum space 16.
  • the inlet opening 32a, 32b and the respective outlet opening 38a, 38b, respectively are arranged in the same region in longitudinal direction, with the inlet openings 32a, 32b being arranged in the lowermost area of the conductive stem and the outlet openings 38a, 38b in the uppermost area.
  • the insulation space 9 contains a dielectric insulation medium which comprises an organofluorine compound 11 having a Global Warming Potential lower than the one of SF 6 , and is in particular selected from the group consisting of fluoroethers , in particular hydrofluoromonoethers , fluoroketones , in particular perfluoroketones , and fluoroolefins , in particular hydrofluoroolefins , and mixtures thereof.
  • the organofluorine compound 11 is at least partially in liquid state.
  • the conductive stems 20a, 20b are immersed in the liquid organofluorine compound 11 only to such an extent that the filling level is above the inlet openings 32a, 32b but below the outlet openings 38a, 38b. That way, the organofluorine compound 11 can enter the respective recycling channel system 28a, 28b of the conductive stems 20a, 20b via the respective inlet opening 32a, 32b, respectively. From there, it flows through the cooling medium supply channel 30a, 30b in longitudinal
  • all openings 32a, 32b, 38a, 38b can be fully immersed in the liquid organofluorine compound, in which case heat is transferred away by convection.
  • the channel system is in the form of a heat pipe.
  • a cooling zone can be arranged in the region of the conductive stem located outside the vacuum space.
  • the vacuum circuit breaker shown in Fig. 2 comprises in addition to the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 an envelope 42 arranged in the tank interior space 6 and enclosing the vacuum flask 10.
  • the envelope 42 is in the form of a closed cylinder arranged concentrically to the vacuum flask.
  • the portion of the insulation space 9 inside the envelope 42 forms a primary insulation space 9' containing the
  • the secondary insulation space 9'' contains a heat dissipation medium, which is in gaseous state at operating conditions, said heat dissipation medium being selected from the group consisting of air, an air component, in particular oxygen or nitrogen, carbon dioxide, an organofluorine compound, particularly a fluoroketone , more particularly a fluoroketone containing from four to seven carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof.
  • a heat dissipation medium being selected from the group consisting of air, an air component, in particular oxygen or nitrogen, carbon dioxide, an organofluorine compound, particularly a fluoroketone , more particularly a fluoroketone containing from four to seven carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof.
  • the insulation medium in the primary insulation space heats up. This heat is dissipated by heat conduction or heat radiation to the heat dissipation medium and from there to the outside of the tank interior space.
  • a relatively high pressure in the secondary insulation space can be set, thus allowing for a very high heat conduction capability, by leaving the pressure in the primary insulation space unaffected.
  • a reservoir volume 44 is attributed to each insulation space 9 or 9 ' and 9'', respectively.
  • said reservoir volume 44 allows for compensating a volume expansion of the insulation medium and/or heat dissipation medium due to a raise in temperature. This compensation can for example be achieved by means of a floating piston which is forced towards the reservoir volume.
  • the reservoir volume 44 can form a simple surge tank 44. That
  • the reservoir volume 44 is attributed to an insulation space 9 or 9' comprising the organofluorine compound in liquid state, it is arranged above the filling level of the liquid.

Landscapes

  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des rupteurs sous vide (2) comprenant une cuve (4) contenant un espace intérieur de cuve (6) et, dans cet espace, un interrupteur sous vide (8) à bouteille sous vide (10), qui renferme un espace vide (16) avec une paire de contacts électriques mobiles (18a, 18b). Chaque contact (18a, 18b) est supporté par une tige conductrice (20a, 20b) allant de l'espace vide (16) à l'extérieur de l'espace vide (16). La partie de l'espace intérieur de cuve (6) entourant l'interrupteur sous vide (8) forme au moins un espace d'isolation (9, 9'), qui contient un milieu diélectrique d'isolation comprenant un composé organofluoré (11) de potentiel GWP inférieur à SF6. Selon l'invention, le composé organofluoré (11) est au moins partiellement à l'état liquide aux conditions de fonctionnement du rupteur, et au moins une partie de l'interrupteur sous vide (8) est immergée dans le composé organofluoré liquide (11).
PCT/EP2013/076279 2013-12-11 2013-12-11 Rupteur sous vide WO2015086067A1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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WO2015086067A1 true WO2015086067A1 (fr) 2015-06-18

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002133984A (ja) * 2000-10-20 2002-05-10 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst 真空バルブ
DE202009009305U1 (de) * 2009-06-17 2009-11-05 Ormazabal Gmbh Schalteinrichtung für Mittel-, Hoch- oder Höchstspannung mit einem Füllmedium
DE102010020138A1 (de) * 2010-05-11 2011-11-17 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Umsteller für einen Transformator
WO2012080269A1 (fr) * 2010-12-16 2012-06-21 Abb Technology Ag Milieu isolant diélectrique
WO2012160266A1 (fr) * 2011-05-24 2012-11-29 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Appareillage électrique a isolation gazeuse ayant un composé fluoré
FR2980632A1 (fr) * 2011-09-23 2013-03-29 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Dispositif de coupure avec enceinte de gaz fluore, sectionneur et ampoule a vide

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2002133984A (ja) * 2000-10-20 2002-05-10 Japan Atom Energy Res Inst 真空バルブ
DE202009009305U1 (de) * 2009-06-17 2009-11-05 Ormazabal Gmbh Schalteinrichtung für Mittel-, Hoch- oder Höchstspannung mit einem Füllmedium
DE102010020138A1 (de) * 2010-05-11 2011-11-17 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Umsteller für einen Transformator
WO2012080269A1 (fr) * 2010-12-16 2012-06-21 Abb Technology Ag Milieu isolant diélectrique
WO2012160266A1 (fr) * 2011-05-24 2012-11-29 Schneider Electric Industries Sas Appareillage électrique a isolation gazeuse ayant un composé fluoré
FR2980632A1 (fr) * 2011-09-23 2013-03-29 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Dispositif de coupure avec enceinte de gaz fluore, sectionneur et ampoule a vide

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