WO2014187940A1 - Appareil électrique comprenant un composant de réduction de la contamination - Google Patents

Appareil électrique comprenant un composant de réduction de la contamination Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014187940A1
WO2014187940A1 PCT/EP2014/060630 EP2014060630W WO2014187940A1 WO 2014187940 A1 WO2014187940 A1 WO 2014187940A1 EP 2014060630 W EP2014060630 W EP 2014060630W WO 2014187940 A1 WO2014187940 A1 WO 2014187940A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrical apparatus
insulation
contamination
space
semipermeable membrane
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PCT/EP2014/060630
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English (en)
Inventor
Axel Kramer
Denis Tehlar
Navid Mahdizadeh
Thomas Alfred Paul
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Abb Technology Ag
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Publication of WO2014187940A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014187940A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B13/00—Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle
    • H02B13/02—Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle with metal casing
    • H02B13/035—Gas-insulated switchgear
    • H02B13/055—Features relating to the gas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/53—Cases; Reservoirs, tanks, piping or valves, for arc-extinguishing fluid; Accessories therefor, e.g. safety arrangements, pressure relief devices
    • H01H33/56—Gas reservoirs
    • H01H2033/566—Avoiding the use of SF6

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrical apparatus for the generation, the distribution and/or the usage of electrical energy and to a method for reducing contaminations in such an electrical apparatus according to the preamble of the independent claims .
  • a dielectric insulation media in liquid or gaseous state is conventionally used for the insulation of the electrical component comprised therein.
  • the electrical component is arranged in a gas-tight housing, which encloses an insulating space, the insulation space comprising an insulation gas and separating the housing from the electrical component without letting electrical current to pass through from the electrical component to the housing.
  • the insulating gas further functions as an arc-extinguishing or arc-quenching gas.
  • the electrical apparatus can further be provided with a contamination-reducing component to reduce or eliminate the presence of contaminants, in particular moisture (i.e. water), decomposition products and/or any other component or components, the presence of which is not desired.
  • a contamination-reducing component to reduce or eliminate the presence of contaminants, in particular moisture (i.e. water), decomposition products and/or any other component or components, the presence of which is not desired.
  • adsorbers can be used as contamination-reducing component .
  • choosing the right adsorber for a given insulation medium is not an easy task:
  • a zeolite for example, has a selectivity that is primarily driven by its pore size. Therefore, the use of zeolite is only feasible, if the kinetic diameter of the insulation medium molecule (s) is significantly different from the one of the contaminant ( s ) . If the kinetic diameter of the insulation gas molecule (s) is similar, co-adsorption of the insulation gas molecules can occur.
  • the insulation medium is a mixture of gases, more particularly if this mixture comprises insulation gas molecules of a relatively small kinetic diameter, such as CO2 and/or 0 2 and/or N2, similar to the kinetic diameter of the contaminant to be removed and thus to the pore size of the molecular sieve or zeolite.
  • adsorbers such as a molecular sieve, and in particular a zeolite, can support heterogeneous- ly catalysed reactions that accelerate decomposition of insulation gas molecules.
  • a hydrolytic degradation of the compound cannot be excluded.
  • the problem of the present invention is thus to provide an electrical apparatus using a dielectric insulation medium, the apparatus allowing a reduction or elimination of contaminants from the insulation medium without negatively interfering with the integrity of the insulation medium and, in particular, its insulation and arc extinction performance.
  • the present invention thus relates to an electrical apparatus for the generation, the distribution and/or the usage of electrical energy, the electrical apparatus comprising a housing enclosing an electrical apparatus interior space. At least a portion of the electrical apparatus interior space forms an insulation space, in which an electrical component is arranged and which contains an insulation medium surrounding the electrical component.
  • the electrical apparatus of the present invention further comprises a contamination-reducing component for reducing or eliminating at least one contaminant, in particular moisture (i.e. water), from the insulation space.
  • the contamination-reducing component is arranged in a contamination-reduction space which is separated from the insulation space by a semipermeable membrane .
  • the contamination-reducing component Due to the contamination-reducing component being arranged in a contamination-reduction space, which is separated from the insulation space by a semipermeable membrane, the contamination-reducing component is not in direct contact with the insulation medium, but only with molecules that are able to pass the semipermeable membrane.
  • the semipermeable membrane functions as a "pre-filter” .
  • housing as used in the context of the present invention is to be understood broadly as any at least approximately closed system.
  • the term “housing” can encompass a plurality of chambers interconnected with each other. More particularly in embodiments, “housing” can encompass a chamber, which encloses the insulating space, and a recycling system, the chamber being interconnected with the recycling system through which the insulation medium is removed, processed (e.g. cleaned) and reintroduced into the insulating space.
  • housing can comprise a chamber, which encloses the insulating space and a pre-treatment room, the chamber being interconnected with the pre-treatment room for pre-treating the insulation medium prior to introduction into the insulating space of the chamber .
  • insulation medium refers to an insulation fluid and encompasses any dielectric fluid. More particularly, it refers to an insulation gas and particularly to an insulation gas mixture.
  • adsorption or "adsorbed” as used in the context of the present invention shall encompass any type of adsorption, such as for example physisorption and/or chemisorption .
  • the semipermeable membrane is selectively permeable for at least one contaminant.
  • contaminant may be present in the electrical apparatus a priori or may occur or be generated during operation of the electrical apparatus.
  • the term "semipermeable membrane” as used in the context of the present invention shall encompass any two- or three-dimensional material formation allowing the passage of a certain constituent while retaining another constituent. More particularly, it encompasses a polymer layer or a filter amp for this purpose. More preferably, the semipermeable membrane is selectively permeable for water, and even more preferably is at least approximately exclusively or even exclusively permeable for water.
  • water can - apart from reducing the insulation performance - also lead to corrosion of the electrical apparatus, in particular of the housing or the electrical component ( s ) .
  • water can open reaction pathways for the formation of toxic and/or corrosive decomposition products, in particular resulting from partial discharge or arcing in the presence of high moisture content.
  • an insulation medium which comprises an organofluorine compound, in particular in gaseous phase, since one decomposition product of the organofluorine compound is hydrogen fluoride (HF) , which is highly corrosive and extremely toxic.
  • HF hydrogen fluoride
  • the semipermeable membrane is made of an ionomer, and more preferably is made of a sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene based fluoropolymer- copolymer .
  • the semipermeable membrane can be made of a polymer of the chemical formula C7HF13O5S ⁇ C2F4, and more particularly is made of tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoro-3 , 6- dioxa-4-methyl-7-octenesulfonic acid copolymer.
  • This material also known under the trade name National®, allows compounds having a hydroxyl group, in particular water, to pass through selectively. This is due to the side chains of the (tetrafluoroethylene) backbone being terminated with a sulfonic acid (-SO3H) group, which essentially provides an H- bonding channel for the hydroxyl-group containing compound through the membrane.
  • a sulfonic acid (-SO3H) group which essentially provides an H- bonding channel for the hydroxyl-group containing compound through the membrane.
  • migration through the membrane is driven by the water concen- tration gradient between the two sides of the membrane, i.e. the insulation space and the contamination-reduction space.
  • water molecules are adsorbed onto the surface of the membrane facing the insulation space and are passed onto underlying sulfonic acid groups, until the water reaches the opposite side, i.e. the contamination-reduction space. There, water evaporates and is ultimately adsorbed by the contamination-reducing component. By way of adsorption, water is removed from the gas phase and the concentration gradient is upkept.
  • the ionomer described above is extremely resistant to chemical attack and operable up to 150°C, which further contributes to its suitability in an electrical apparatus according to the present invention.
  • zeolite sheets having a pore size of 5 A or less can be used alternatively or additionally to the ionomer .
  • the semipermeable membrane forms at least one closed container, preferably in tubular shape.
  • the at least one closed container encloses at least partly, preferably fully, the contamination-reduction space.
  • the interior of the at least one closed container corresponds to the contamination-reduction space in which the contamination- reducing component is held.
  • the container (s) being in tubular shape allows easy manufacture and at the same provides a large surface of semipermeable membrane per mass of contamination- reducing component enclosed, ultimately allowing for a very efficient per-filtration and contamination reduction.
  • the membrane, and in particular the tube can be arranged on a supporting scaffold.
  • the contamination-reduction space is arranged within the electrical apparatus interior space. This means that the semipermeable membrane with the contamination-reducing component enclosed is fully surrounded by the insulation medium. The semipermeable membrane is thus in direct contact with the insulation medium and presents a large area for the pre-filtration of the insulation medium, which ultimately allows an efficient reduction of contaminants .
  • the contamination-reducing component is a moisture-reducing component.
  • moisture-reducing component is equivalent to the term "water-reducing component”.
  • the contamination-reducing component can also be a liquefaction device and/or a solidification device, which by condensation, solidification and/or deposition (desubli- mation) , respectively, reduces the amount of contaminant, in particular water, from the gas phase.
  • the contamination-reduction space comprises a molecular sieve as contamination-reducing component, in particular a zeolite.
  • the contamination-reducing component is a molecular sieve, more preferably a zeolite, i.e. a micro-porous aluminosilicate mineral that has undergone cation exchange to achieve a desired pore size.
  • the molecular sieve has a pore size from 3 A to 13 A, preferably from 5 A to 13 A, more preferably from 6 A to 12 A, even more preferably from 7 A to 11 A, most preferably from 9 A to 11 A.
  • a respective molecular sieve has been found to have a particularly high adsorption capacity.
  • Suitable zeolites include e.g. ZEOCHEM® molecular sieve 5 ⁇ (having a pore size of 5 A) and ZEOCHEM® molecular sieve 13X (having a pore size of 9 A) .
  • the term “adsorption” or “adsorbed” encompasses both physisorption and/or chemisorption .
  • Physisorption can, in particular, be determined or be influenced by the relationship between the size of molecules of the insulation medium and the pore size of the molecular sieve.
  • Chemisorption can, in particular, be determined or be influenced by chemical interactions between molecules of the insulation medium and the molecular sieve .
  • the electrical apparatus can comprise a desiccant selected from the group consisting of: calcium, calcium sulphate, calcium carbonate, calcium hydride, potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, copper (II) sulphate, calcium oxide, magnesium, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulphate, magnesium perchlorate, sodium, sodium sulphate, aluminium, lithium aluminium hydride, aluminium oxide, montmorrilonite, phosphorpentoxide, silica gel, a cellulose filter, and mixtures or combinations thereof.
  • a desiccant selected from the group consisting of: calcium, calcium sulphate, calcium carbonate, calcium hydride, potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, copper (II) sulphate, calcium oxide, magnesium, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulphate, magnesium perchlorate, sodium, sodium sulphate, aluminium, lithium aluminium hydride, aluminium oxide, montmorrilonite, phosphorpentoxide, silica gel, a cellulose filter, and mixtures or
  • a liquefaction device for liquefying and/or a solidification device for solidifying the at least one contaminant, in particular water is or are arranged in the contamination-reduction space.
  • the contamination- reduction space By removing vapour from the gas contained in the contamination-reduction space, be it by a desiccant or by a liquefaction device or by a solidification device, the water concentration gradient between the gas in the insulation space and the gas in the contamination-reduction space is maintained. This results in a continuous, concentration- gradient-driven transport of water from the insulation space through the semipermeable membrane into the contamination- reduction space.
  • the contamination- reduction space thus forms a water collection space.
  • the liquefaction device and/or solidification device comprises a cooling area which is cooled to a temperature below the dew point of the at least one contaminant, in particular water.
  • the liquefaction device and/or solidification device can be or can comprise a thermoelectric cooler (TEC) .
  • TEC thermoelectric cooler
  • embodiments can be encompassed by the present invention in which two or more liquefaction and/or solidification devices, in particular thermoelectric coolers, are arranged in the contamination-reduction space, whereby a first of the devices is preferably designed for liquefaction of water and a second of the devices is preferably designed for solidification of the liquid water obtained from the first device.
  • This cascade or series of liquefaction and/or solidification devices, in particular thermoelectric coolers allows for a very efficient removal of vapour, since at least some of the cooling areas where liquefaction occurs can be readily freed from water occupying these areas and the solidification rate on the cooling area of the second device is relatively high.
  • the insulation medium comprises carbon dioxide (CO2) ⁇
  • the insulation medium consists or essentially consists of carbon dioxide.
  • carbon dioxide is thus the sole component of the insulation medium.
  • the insulation medium can comprise carbon dioxide apart from other constituents and can thus form a gas mixture, which is an often preferred embodiment. It is particularly preferred that the insulation medium comprises - apart from carbon dioxide - air or at least one air component, in particular selected from the group consisting of; oxygen, nitrogen, and mixtures thereof.
  • the insulation medium may initially, i.e. in its uncontaminated form, comprise solely one molecular species or may be or comprise a gas mixture of several components, wherein the semipermeable membrane is selectively impermeable for at least one of the components, preferably for all components, of the insulation medium in its uncontaminated form.
  • the at least one contaminant may be present in the insulation gas from the beginning or may occur over time or during operation of the electrical apparatus, for example by outgassing, by decomposition of the insulation medium or of one of its components, or by other processes.
  • the at least one contaminant is then prefiltered by the semipermeable membrane and is reduced or eliminated by the contamination-reducing component .
  • the insulation medium comprises carbon dioxide and oxygen.
  • the ratio of the amount of carbon dioxide to the amount of oxygen can thereby range from 50:50 to 100:1.
  • the ratio of the amount of carbon dioxide to the amount of oxygen ranges from 80:20 to 95:5, more preferably from 85:15 to 92:8, even more preferably from 87:13 to less than 90:10, and in particular is about 89:11.
  • oxygen being present in a molar fraction of at least 5% allows soot formation to be prevented even after repeated current interruption events with high current arcing.
  • oxygen being present in a molar fraction of at most 20%, more particularly of at most 15% reduces the risk of degradation of the material of the electrical apparatus by oxidation.
  • the insulation medium comprises an organofluorine compound, in particular in gaseous phase, in particular wherein the semipermeable membrane is selectively impermeable for the organofluorine compound.
  • the organofluorine compound is selected from the group consisting of fluoroethers , in particular hydro- fluoromonoethers , fluoroketones, in particular perfluoro- ketones, and fluoroolefins , in particular hydrofluoroolefins , and mixtures thereof.
  • the invention encompasses both embodiments in which the dielectric insulation gas comprises . either one of a fluoro- ether, in particular a hydrofluoromonoether, a fluoroketone and a fluoroolefin, in particular a hydrofluoroolefin, as well as embodiments in which it comprises a mixture of at least two of these compounds .
  • fluoroether as used in the context of the present invention encompasses both perfluoroethers , i.e. fully fluorinated ethers, and hydrofluoroethers , i.e. ethers that are only partially fluorinated.
  • fluoroether further encompasses saturated compounds as well as unsaturated compounds, i.e. compounds including double and/or triple bonds between carbon atoms.
  • the at least partially fluorinated alkyl chains attached to the oxygen atom of the fluoroether can, independently of each other, be linear or branched.
  • fluoroether further encompasses both non-cyclic and cyclic ethers.
  • the two alkyl chains attached to the oxygen atom can optionally form a ring.
  • the term encompasses fluorooxiranes .
  • the organofluorine compound according to the present invention is a perfluorooxirane or a hydrofluorooxirane, more specifically a perfluorooxirane or hydrofluorooxirane comprising from three to fifteen carbon atoms.
  • the dielectric insulation gas comprises a hydrofluoromonoether containing at least three carbon atoms.
  • these hydrofluoromonoethers are chemically and thermally stable up to temperatures above 140 °C. They are further non-toxic or have a low toxicity level. In addition, they are non-corrosive and non-explosive.
  • hydrofluoromonoether refers to a compound having one and only one ether group, the ether group linking two alkyl groups, which can be, independently from each other, linear or branched, and which can optionally form a ring.
  • the compound is thus in clear contrast to the compounds disclosed in e.g. US-B-7128133 , which relates to the use of compounds containing two ether groups, i.e. hydrofluorodiethers, in heat-transfer fluids.
  • hydrofluoromonoether as used herein is further to be understood such that the monoether is partially hydrogenated and partially fluorinated. It is further to be understood such that it may comprise a mixture of differently structured hydrofluoromonoethers .
  • the term "structurally different” shall broadly encompass any difference in sum formula or structural formula of the hydrofluoromonoether .
  • hydrofluoromonoethers containing at least three carbon atoms have been found to have a relatively high dielectric strength.
  • the ratio of the dielectric strength of the hydrofluoromonoethers according to the present invention to the dielectric strength of SF6 is greater than about 0.4.
  • the GWP of the hydrofluoromonoethers is low.
  • the GWP is less than l'OOO over 100 years, more specifically less than 700 over 100 years.
  • hydrofluoromonoethers mentioned herein have a relatively low atmospheric lifetime and in addition are devoid of halogen atoms that play a role in the ozone destruction catalytic cycle, namely CI, Br or I.
  • Their Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) is zero, which is very favourable from an environmental perspective .
  • hydrofluoromonoether containing at least three carbon atoms and thus having a relatively high boiling point of more than -20 °C is based on the finding that a higher boiling point of the hydrofluoromonoether generally goes along with a higher dielectric strength.
  • the hydrofluoromonoether contains exactly three or four or five or six carbon atoms, in particular exactly three or four carbon atoms, most preferably exactly three carbon atoms. More particularly, the hydrofluoromonoether is thus at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds defined by the following structural formulae in which a part of the hydrogen atoms is each substituted by a fluorine atom:
  • the ratio of the number of fluorine atoms to the number of carbon atoms ranges from 1.5:1 to 2:1.
  • Such compounds generally have a GWP of less than l'OOO over 100 years and are thus very environment-friendly. It is particularly preferred that the hydrofluoromonoether has a GWP of less than 700 over 100 years.
  • the hydrofluoromonoether has the general structure (0)
  • exactly one of c and f in the general structure (0) is 0.
  • the corresponding grouping of fluorines on one side of the ether linkage, with the other side remaining unsubstituted, is called "segregation". Segregation has been found to reduce the boiling point compared to unsegregated compounds of the same chain length. This feature is thus of particular interest, because compounds with longer chain lengths allowing for higher dielectric strength can be used without risk of liquefaction under operational conditions.
  • the hydrofluoromonoether is selected from the group consisting of pentafluoro-ethyl-methyl ether (CH3-0- CF2C F3 ) and 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethyl-trifluoromethyl ether ( CF3-O-CH2CF3 ) .
  • Pentafluoro-ethyl-methyl ether has a boiling point of +5.25°C and a GWP of 697 over 100 years, the F-rate being 0.625, while 2 , 2 , 2-trifluoroethyl-trifluoromethyl ether has a boiling point of +11°C and a GWP of 487 over 100 years, the F-rate being 0.75. They both have an ODP of 0 and are thus environmentally fully acceptable.
  • pentafluoro-ethyl-methyl ether has been found to be thermally stable at a temperature of 175°C for 30 days and therefore to be fully suitable for the operational conditions given in the apparatus. Since thermal stability studies of hydrofluoromonoethers of higher molecular weight have shown that ethers containing fully hydrogenated methyl or ethyl groups have a lower thermal stability compared to those having partially hydrogenated groups, it can be assumed that the thermal stability of 2 , 2 , 2-trifluoroethyl-trifluoromethyl ether is even higher.
  • hydrofluoromonoethers and in particular pentafluoro-ethyl- methyl ether as well as 2 , 2 , 2-trifluoroethyl-trifluoromethyl ether, have a lethal concentration LC 50 of higher than 10' 000 ppm, rendering them suitable also from a toxicological point of view.
  • hydrofluoromonoethers mentioned have a higher dielectric strength than air.
  • pentafluoro-ethyl-methyl ether at 1 bar has a dielectric strength about 2.4 times higher than that of air at 1 bar.
  • the hydrofluoromonoethers mentioned are normally in the gaseous state at operational conditions.
  • a dielectric insulation medium in which every component is in the gaseous state at operational conditions of the apparatus can be achieved, which is advantageous.
  • the dielectric insulation gas comprises a fluoroketone containing from four to twelve carbon atoms.
  • fluoroketone as used in this application shall be interpreted broadly and shall encompass both perfluoroketones and hydrofluoroketones, and shall further encompass both saturated compounds and unsaturated compounds, i.e. compounds including double and/or triple bonds between carbon atoms.
  • the at least partially fluorinated alkyl chain of the fluoroketones can be linear or branched, or can form a ring, which optionally is substituted by one or more alkyl groups.
  • the fluoroketone is a perfluoroketone .
  • the fluoroketone has a branched alkyl chain, in particular an at least partially fluorinated alkyl chain.
  • the fluoroketone is a fully saturated compound .
  • the present invention also relates to a dielectric insulation medium comprising a fluoroketone having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms, the at least partially fluorinated alkyl chain of the fluoroketone forming a ring, which is optionally substituted by one or more alkyl groups .
  • the insulation medium comprises a fluoroketone containing exactly five and/or exactly six carbon atoms.
  • fluoroketones containing five or six carbon atoms have the advantage of a relatively low boiling point. Thus, problems which might go along with liquefaction can be avoided, even when the apparatus is used at low temperatures.
  • the fluoroketone is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds defined by the following structural formulae in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted with a fluorine atom:
  • Fluoroketones containing five or more carbon atoms are further advantageous, because they are generally non-toxic with outstanding margins for human safety. This is in contrast to fluoroketones having less than four carbon atoms, such as hexafluoroacetone (or hexafluoropropanone) , which are toxic and very reactive.
  • fluoroketones containing exactly five carbon atoms herein briefly named fluoroketones a)
  • fluoroketones containing exactly six carbon atoms are thermally stable up to 500°C.
  • the fluoroketones in particular fluoroketones a) , having a branched alkyl chain are preferred, because their boiling points are lower than the boiling points of the corresponding compounds (i.e. compounds with same molecular formula) having a straight alkyl chain.
  • the fluoroketone a) is a perfluoroketone, in particular has the molecular formula C 5 F 10 O, i.e. is fully saturated without double or triple bonds between carbon atoms.
  • the fluoroketone a) may more preferably be selected from the group consisting of 1,1,1,3,4,4,4- heptafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl ) butan-2-one (also named decafluoro-2-methylbutan-3-one) , 1,1,1,3,3,4,4,5,5,5- decafluoropentan-2-one, 1,1,1,2,2,4,4,5,5, 5-decafluoropentan- 3-one and octafluorocylcopentanone, and most preferably is 1,1,1,3,4,4, 4-heptafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) butan-2-one .
  • 1,1,1,3,4,4, -heptafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl ) butan-2-one can be represented by the following structural formula (I):
  • C5-ketone 1,1,1,3,4,4, 4-heptafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl) butan-2-one, here briefly called "C5-ketone", with molecular formula CF 3 C (0) CF (CF 3 ) 2 or C5F10O, has been found to be particularly preferred for high and medium voltage insulation applications, because it has the advantages of high dielectric insulation performance, in particular in mixtures with a dielectric carrier gas, has very low G P and has a low boiling point. It has an ODP of 0 and is practically non-toxic.
  • even higher insulation capabilities can be achieved by combining the mixture of different fluoroketone components.
  • a fluoroketone containing exactly five carbon atoms, as described above and here briefly called fluoroketone a) and a fluoroketone containing exactly six carbon atoms or exactly seven carbon atoms, here briefly named fluoroketone c) , can favourably be part of the dielectric insulation at the same time.
  • an insulation medium can be achieved having more than one fluoroketone, each contributing by itself to the dielectric strength of the insulation medium.
  • the further fluoroketone c) is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds defined by the following structural formulae in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted with a fluorine atom: (Ila) ,
  • any fluoroketone having exactly 6 carbon atoms in which the at least partially fluorinated alkyl chain of the fluoroketone forms a ring, which is substituted by one or more alkyl groups (Ilh); and/or is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of the compounds defined by the following structural formulae in which at least one hydrogen atom is substituted with a fluorine atom:
  • the present invention relates to a dielectric insulation medium comprising a fluoroketone having exactly 6 carbon atoms, in which the at least partially fluorinated alkyl chain of the fluoroketone forms a ring, optionally substituted by one or more alkyl groups.
  • such dielectric insulation medium can comprise a background gas, in particular selected from the group consisting of: air, air component, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and mixtures thereof.
  • a background gas in particular selected from the group consisting of: air, air component, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and mixtures thereof.
  • an electrical apparatus comprising such a dielectric insulation medium is disclosed.
  • the semipermeable membrane is selectively impermeable for the background gas.
  • the present invention relates to a dielectric insulation medium comprising a fluoroketone having exactly 7 carbon atoms, in which the at least partially fluorinated alkyl chain of the fluoroketone forms a ring, optionally substituted by one or more alkyl groups.
  • dielectric insulation medium can comprise a background gas, in particular selected from the group consisting of: air, air component, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and mixtures thereof.
  • an electrical apparatus comprising such a dielectric insulation medium is disclosed.
  • the present invention encompasses each compound or each combination of compounds selected from the group consisting of the compounds according to structural formulae (la) to (Ii) , (Ila) to (Ilh), (Ilia) to (IIIo), and mixtures thereof; as well as in additional embodiments compounds ' according to structural formulae (Oa) to (Or) and mixtures thereof with any of the foregoing compounds.
  • fluoroketone c a fluoroketone containing exactly six carbon atoms (falling under the designation “fluoroketone c) " mentioned above) may be preferred; such a fluoroketone is nontoxic, with outstanding margins for human safety.
  • fluoroketone c) alike fluoroketone a) , is a perfluoroketone, and/or has a branched alkyl chain, in particular an at least partially fluorinated alkyl chain, and/or the fluoroketone c) contains fully saturated compounds.
  • the fluoroketone c) has the molecular formula C6F12O, i.e. is fully saturated without double or triple bonds between carbon atoms.
  • the fluoroketone c) can be selected from the group consisting of 1,1,1,2,4,4,5,5,5- nonafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) pentan-3-one (also named dodecafluoro-2-methylpentan-3-one) , 1, 1, 1, 3,3,4, 5, 5, 5- nonafluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) pentan-2-one (also named dodecafluoro-4-methylpentan-2-one) , 1,1,1,3,4,4,5, 5, 5- nonafluoro-3- (trifluoromethyl ) pentan-2-one (also named dodecafluoro-3-methylpentan-2-one) , 1,1,1,4,4, 4-hexafluoro-
  • the housing preferably encloses the insulation space in a gas-tight manner.
  • the electrical component is a high voltage or medium voltage apparatus.
  • the electrical apparatus is a switchgear, in particular a gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) or a part and/or component thereof, a busbar, a bushing, a cable, a gas- insulated cable, a cable joint, a gas-insulated line (GIL) , a transformer, a current transformer, a voltage transformer, a surge arrester, an earthing switch, a disconnector, a combined disconnector and earthing switch, a load-break switch, a circuit breaker, gas-insulated switch, a convertor building and/or any type of gas-insulated space or room.
  • Room is to be understood as a space into which a person can enter, typically through a door.
  • Another aspect of the present application relates to a method for reducing contamination in an electrical apparatus, in particular as disclosed herein, the electrical apparatus comprising an insulation space containing an electrical component and an insulation medium for providing electrical insulation for the electrical component, with the electrical apparatus further comprising a contamination- reducing component for reducing or eliminating at least one contaminant from the insulation space, with the contamination- reducing component being arranged in a contamination-reduction space which is separated from the insulation space by a semipermeable membrane, and the method comprising the method elements of: pre-filtering the insulation medium present in the insulation space by means of the semipermeable membrane such, that at least one contaminant present in the insulation medium is at least partially extracted from the insulation medium, and immobilizing an amount of the extracted contaminant by means of the contamination-reducing component. Immobilizing shall mean reducing the amount or concentration of the extracted contaminant present in a gas phase, in particular in a contamination-reduction space.
  • the method step of filtering is performed before the step of immobilizing the amount of contaminant in the gas phase.
  • the electrical apparatus comprises a housing enclosing an electrical apparatus interior space, at least a portion of the electrical apparatus interior space forming the insulation space containing the electrical component and the insulation medium.
  • the electrical apparatus comprises a room that can be entered by a person, in particular through a door, which room encloses an electrical apparatus interior space, at least a portion of the electrical apparatus interior space forming the insulation space containing the electrical component and the insulation medium.
  • the semipermeable membrane is selectively impermeable for at least one component of the uncontaminated insulation medium.
  • the semipermeable membrane is selectively impermeable at least for all those components of the uncontaminated insulation medium, that can be subject to co-adsorption by the contamination-reducing component and the reduction or removal of which reduces the integrity, in particular dielectric insulation strength and/or arc-extinguishing performance, of the insulation medium.
  • contaminant is to be understood broadly to encompass any substance (s) or component ( s ) , the presence of which negatively affects the integrity, in particular the dielectric insulation strength and/or arc-extinguishing performance, of the insulation medium or the integrity of materials the electrical apparatus is made of, independent of the origin of such contaminating substance (s) or component ( s ) .
  • Such contaminating substance (s) or component (s) may for example be present in the electrical apparatus a priori, from transportation, mounting, installation, operation or maintenance, and for example may be stemming from filling, out-gasing, ageing, arcing, decomposition, recombination, chemical reaction of any type, adsorption, desorption, leakage in or leakage out, or any other source.
  • Such contaminant may for example comprise moisture, water, and/or decomposition products of an insulation medium comprising, for example, perfluoromonoketones comprising exactly 5 or exactly 6 or exactly 7 carbon atoms.
  • a further advantage of the disclosed apparatus and method is that the combined effect of pre-filtering by semipermeable membrane and immobilizing by the contamination-reducing component reduces or eliminates also toxic contaminants. Thereby, the environmental impact and exposure of personnel e.g. during maintenance and decommissioning are reduced.
  • Fig. 1 shows a purely schematic representation of an electrical apparatus according to the present invention in the form of a switchgear in a longitudinal cross-section;
  • Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of an array of closed containers as used in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the containers being formed by a semipermeable membrane and enclosing a contamination-reduction space; and
  • FIG. 3 shows a purely schematic representation of further embodiments of the present invention comprising a contamination-reduction space in which a solidification device is arranged as a contamination-reducing component .
  • the electrical apparatus 2 comprises a housing 4 enclosing an interior space 5 of the electrical apparatus 2.
  • the electrical apparatus interior space 5 forms an insulating space 6, in which an electrical component 8 is arranged and which contains an insulation medium surrounding the electrical component 8.
  • the electrical apparatus 2 further comprises a contamination- reducing component 10 (schematically illustrated as dots) for reducing or eliminating at least one contaminant from the insulation space 6.
  • a contamination- reducing component 10 (schematically illustrated as dots) for reducing or eliminating at least one contaminant from the insulation space 6.
  • the contamination-reducing component 10 is arranged in a contamination-reduction space 12, which is separated from the insulation space 6 by a semipermeable membrane 14.
  • a plurality of closed containers 16a, 16b, 16c is formed by the semipermeable membrane 14, each container 16a, 16b, 16c enclosing a respective part of the contamination-reduction space 12.
  • the containers 16a, 16b, 16c are arranged within the electrical apparatus interior space 5, and the semipermeable membrane 14 with the contamination-reducing component 10 enclosed is fully surrounded by the insulation medium.
  • Fig. 2 shows an array of nine containers 16a, 16b, 16c formed by the semipermeable membrane 14 and holding the contamination-reducing component 10.
  • the containers 16a, 16b, 16c are closed, but for illustrative purposes are shown in a longitudinal cross-section.
  • the containers 16a, 16b, 16c are exemplarily shown to be evenly arranged in three rows of three containers, with the three containers 16a, 16b, 16c of the first row corresponding to the ones shown in Fig. 1.
  • the containers are in tubular shape.
  • any other shape or number of container (s) 16a, 16b, 16c is possible and can be adapted to the actual need.
  • the housing 4 comprises an extension 41, the interior of which forming the contamination-reduction space 12, which is separated from the insulation space 6 by a semipermeable membrane 14, here in the form of a filter running co-planar to the housing wall 18 on which the extension 41 is mounted.
  • a solidification device 20 for solidifying water is arranged as the contamination-reducing component 10.
  • the solidification device 20 is in the form of a thermoelectric cooler 201 which comprises a heat exchanger 22.
  • the thermoelectric cooler 201 comprises a cooling area 24 which is cooled down below the dew point of the at least one contaminant, in particular water.
  • the thermoelectric cooler 201 is supplied with power e.g. from a power supply 26, which is connected to the thermoelectric cooler 201 e.g by an electrical feedthrough 28.
  • a temperature controller (not shown) can be arranged which is connected with respective temperature sensors (not shown) of the thermoelectric element 201.
  • vapour contained in the contamination-reduction space 12 condenses on the cooling area 24 and upon further cooling solidifies to an ice layer 30, as schematically shown in Fig. 3.
  • vapour is removed from the gas contained in the contamination-reduction space 12, and the water concentration gradient between the gas in the insulation space 6 and the gas in the contamination-reduction space 12 is maintained, thus resulting in a continuous, concentration- gradient-driven transport of water from the insulation space 6 through the semipermeable membrane 14 into the contamination- reduction space 12. Since the semipermeable membrane 14 is exclusively permeable for water, other constituents of the insulation medium, such as organofluorine compounds, in particular C5-ketone, do not pass the membrane and do therefore not come into contact with the contamination-reducing component 10, particularly the solidification device 20.
  • organofluorine compounds in particular C5-ketone

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un appareil électrique (2) destiné à la génération, à la distribution et/ou à l'utilisation d'énergie électrique, l'appareil électrique (2) comprenant un boîtier (4) qui entoure un espace intérieur d'appareil électrique (5), au moins une portion de l'espace intérieur d'appareil électrique (5) formant un espace isolant (6) dans lequel est disposé un composant électrique (8) et qui contient un milieu isolant entourant le composant électrique (8). L'appareil électrique (2) comprend en outre une composant de réduction de la contamination (10) pour réduire ou éliminer au moins un contaminant de l'espace isolant (6). Selon l'invention, le composant de réduction de la contamination (10) est disposé dans un espace de réduction de la contamination (12) qui est séparé de l'espace isolant (6) par une membrane semi-perméable (14).
PCT/EP2014/060630 2013-05-23 2014-05-23 Appareil électrique comprenant un composant de réduction de la contamination WO2014187940A1 (fr)

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EPPCT/EP2013/060678 2013-05-23

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WO2016113292A1 (fr) 2015-01-13 2016-07-21 Abb Technology Ag Appareil contenant un gaz diélectrique d'isolation comprenant un composé organofluoré
WO2017012775A1 (fr) * 2015-07-20 2017-01-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Installation de haute et moyenne tension pourvue d'une chambre isolante et d'un absorbeur à membrane sélective
WO2017093499A1 (fr) * 2015-12-04 2017-06-08 Solvay Sa Procédés pour isoler diélectriquement des parties électriques actives
CN107293990A (zh) * 2016-04-12 2017-10-24 施耐德电器工业公司 电气设备中增加介电耐受强度的方法和根据该方法的设备
US20180040442A1 (en) * 2015-04-13 2018-02-08 Abb Schweiz Ag Device for interrupting non-short circuit currents only, in particular disconnector or earthing switch
JP2018527872A (ja) * 2015-08-19 2018-09-20 アーベーベー・シュバイツ・アーゲー 電気エネルギーの生成、伝送、配給および／または使用を行うための電気装置の絶縁媒体から少なくとも１つの物質を再生するための方法
CN111989754A (zh) * 2018-04-16 2020-11-24 西门子股份公司 测量方法和具有清洁空气的高压测量互感器
EP4064481A4 (fr) * 2019-11-22 2023-08-30 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Appareil d'isolation gazeuse

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EP0885841A1 (fr) * 1997-06-20 1998-12-23 Hitachi Engineering & Services Co., Ltd. Système et procédé epour rassembler et raffiner de SF6-gaz
EP1091182A2 (fr) * 1999-10-01 2001-04-11 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Dispositif pour la récupération de gaz
DE202006004829U1 (de) * 2006-03-22 2006-11-16 Hidde, Axel R., Dr. Ing. Druckausgleichsverschraubung mit Rohrmembran
EP2445068A1 (fr) * 2009-06-17 2012-04-25 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Appareil à isolation gazeuse

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2016113292A1 (fr) 2015-01-13 2016-07-21 Abb Technology Ag Appareil contenant un gaz diélectrique d'isolation comprenant un composé organofluoré
CN107924734A (zh) * 2015-01-13 2018-04-17 Abb瑞士股份有限公司 包含含有有机氟化合物的介电绝缘气体的装置
US11087939B2 (en) 2015-04-13 2021-08-10 Abb Power Grids Switzerland Ag Device for interrupting non-short circuit currents only, in particular disconnector or earthing switch
US20180040442A1 (en) * 2015-04-13 2018-02-08 Abb Schweiz Ag Device for interrupting non-short circuit currents only, in particular disconnector or earthing switch
US10553376B2 (en) * 2015-04-13 2020-02-04 Abb Schweiz Ag Device for interrupting non-short circuit currents only, in particular disconnector or earthing switch
US11699559B2 (en) 2015-04-13 2023-07-11 Hitachi Energy Switzerland Ag Device for interrupting non-short circuit currents only, in particular disconnector or earthing switch
WO2017012775A1 (fr) * 2015-07-20 2017-01-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Installation de haute et moyenne tension pourvue d'une chambre isolante et d'un absorbeur à membrane sélective
JP2018527872A (ja) * 2015-08-19 2018-09-20 アーベーベー・シュバイツ・アーゲー 電気エネルギーの生成、伝送、配給および／または使用を行うための電気装置の絶縁媒体から少なくとも１つの物質を再生するための方法
WO2017093499A1 (fr) * 2015-12-04 2017-06-08 Solvay Sa Procédés pour isoler diélectriquement des parties électriques actives
US10763007B2 (en) 2015-12-04 2020-09-01 Solvay Sa Methods for dielectrically insulating electrical active parts
CN107293990A (zh) * 2016-04-12 2017-10-24 施耐德电器工业公司 电气设备中增加介电耐受强度的方法和根据该方法的设备
CN111989754A (zh) * 2018-04-16 2020-11-24 西门子股份公司 测量方法和具有清洁空气的高压测量互感器
EP4064481A4 (fr) * 2019-11-22 2023-08-30 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Appareil d'isolation gazeuse

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