Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F22—STEAM GENERATION
  • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
  • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
  • F22B1/28—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method in boilers heated electrically
  • F22B1/30—Electrode boilers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
  • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
  • F24H1/101—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply
  • F24H1/106—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply with electrodes
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H9/00—Details
  • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
  • F24H9/1809—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for water heaters
  • F24H9/1818—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
  • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
  • H05B3/0004—Devices wherein the heating current flows through the material to be heated
  • H05B3/0009—Devices wherein the heating current flows through the material to be heated the material to be heated being in motion

Definitions

• the invention relates to an electrode boiler with full output control for water heating, whose electrodes are installed in series and the output of each of them is controlled separately.
• An electricity surplus can also be controlled using a method other than reducing the power amount of fossil fuel-fired power plants.
• Another suitable method consists in the rapid conversion of this electrical energy into another form of energy which can be immediately utilized or accumulated. It is also possible to accumulate electrical energy, which is however relatively limited and expensive. It is cheaper to accumulate thermal energy.
• Electric boilers are appropriate means for converting electrical energy into thermal energy. For the needs of the power system, these electric boilers must have sufficient capacity and must be fully controllable.
• the electrode boiler with full output control is characterized by the following design: its shell, fitted with a heated liquid inlet and outlet, contains at least three electrodes fixed by the insulator to the shell. Each electrode is equipped with an insulating lid and is slidably mounted in the movable electrically nonconductive housing, which is connected to the actuator by a rod passing through a grommet.
• Each movable electrically nonconductive housing is driven separately.
• Each electrode is fully coverable in the movable electrically nonconductive housing separately, and as such, it is fully controllable, which allows each electrode output to be separately controlled.
• Each electrode is connected to a power source. Electric current flowing through the electrodes is measured, and the movement of electrically nonconductive housings is controlled as per the desired output. Dimensions of the electrode boiler with full output control according to the invention are predetermined by the desired output, heated water conductivity and electrical voltage of the power source to which the electrode boiler with full output control according to the invention is connected.
• the electrodes in the electrode boiler with full output control according to the invention are not placed in the pressure vessel in parallel, as is the case in the majority of the current electrode boilers, but they are placed in series in the tube housing. This makes the production in the electrode boiler with full output control according to the invention considerably cheaper than the production in the current electrode boilers because it is possible to use standardized components with considerably smaller diameters than in case of the current electrode boilers.
• the electrode boiler with full output control according to the invention is designed for connection to a high-voltage power source, and it is not thus necessary to use any expensive transformer, which is required in the case of electric resistance boilers.
• each electrode is of different length. This is due to the fact that the temperature increase causes the water conductivity and thus also the electrode output to increase. Therefore, the size of the exposed surface of the electrode located further from the inlet for heated liquid is smaller than the size of the exposed surface of the electrode closer to the inlet for heated liquid.
• Output of the electrode boiler with full output control according to the invention is controlled by slipping the movable electrically nonconductive housings over the electrodes.
• Each housing is controlled separately in order for (i) electric current and thus also power of each of three phases to be the same, and (ii) asymmetry in the distribution grid to be avoided.
• the boiler can be continuously controlled over its entire output range by means of the movable electrically nonconductive housings which cover the electrodes depending on the desired output, (ii) each electrode of the boiler is controlled separately, and (iii) the boiler consists of standardized components.
• Figure 1/1 schematically shows the electrode boiler with full output control.
• the electrode boiler with full output control includes the outer shell (2) equipped with the inlet (1) for heated liquid and the outlet (9) for heated liquid. Furthermore, it comprises three internal electrodes (3) connected to the 6,000 V high-voltage power source through the insulator (6). One end of each internal electrode (3) is fitted with the insulating lid (5), while the free end of the electrode is slidably mounted in the movable electrically nonconductive housing (4), which has, in this case, as each electrode, a cylindrical shape. Each movable electrically nonconductive housing (4) is connected to the actuator (8) by the rod passing through the grommet (7).
• the outer shell (2) of the electrode boiler with full output control consists of the steel tube with a diameter of 400 mm, length of 8,000 mm and wall thickness of 10 mm.
• the insulators (6) are made of porcelain.
• the movable electrically nonconductive housings (4) are plastic cylinders with plastic bottom, which cover the electrodes (3). The degree of coverage of each electrode (3) corresponds to the desired output of the electrode boiler with full output control.
• Each movable electrically nonconductive housing (4) is controlled by its own actuator (8) using the control rod passing through the grommet (7).
• the movable electrically nonconductive housings (4) made of polypropylene are designed for the temperature of heated liquid of up to 130 °C; for any higher temperature, they are made of Teflon.
• the inlet (1) for heated liquid and the outlet (9) for heated liquid are fitted with standardized flanges.
• the electrode boiler with full output control has an output of 5 MW and is designed for water heating by 30 °C.
• the electrode boiler with full output control according to the invention is industrially applicable primarily to regulate electricity surpluses in the transmission system (i.e. grid). Considering the regulation accuracy and pace, it is possible to use the electrode boiler with full output control according to the invention for all types of standard system services, such as primary regulation, secondary regulation and tertiary regulation (so-called "minute reserve").
• the electrode boiler with full output control according to the invention can work (i) as a unit separately connected to heating systems, or (ii) in the combination with generators of conventional heating plants and power plants. In the case of low heat demand, it is appropriate to combine the electrode boiler with full output control according to the invention with the heat accumulator.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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Citations (3)

Family Cites Families (7)

• 2013
  • 2013-12-15 CZ CZ2013-1006A patent/CZ304622B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2014
  • 2014-11-11 WO PCT/CZ2014/000132 patent/WO2015085974A1/en active Application Filing

Patent Citations (3)

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