WO2015083111A1

WO2015083111A1 - Cartridge to reduce the sound of a shot

Info

Publication number: WO2015083111A1
Application number: PCT/IB2014/066583
Authority: WO
Inventors: Эрвинс БЛУМВЕРГ
Original assignee: Эрвинс БЛУМВЕРГ; МАРКУС, Карлис
Priority date: 2013-12-05
Filing date: 2014-12-04
Publication date: 2015-06-11

Abstract

The invention relates to ammunition, and more particularly to small arms cartridges and projectiles with the controlled shutoff of propellant gases. The proposed cartridge to reduce the sound of a shot comprises a case (1), a bullet (2), a primer (3), a propellant charge (4) and a piston (5) that is adapted to move in the direction of the bullet (2) upon ignition of the propellant charge (4) and to act on the bullet (2) until the bullet (2) exits the case (1), wherein the piston (5) is partially or completely made from a through-porous material. The invention makes it possible to reduce the volume of the sound of a shot, enhance the effectiveness of the cartridge, increase the velocity of the bullet, reduce the mass of the cartridge, reduce the mass of the charge while retaining the same effectiveness as similar prior art cartridges, and also increase the safety in use of ammunition.

Description

Cartridge to reduce the sound of a shot

Technical field

The invention relates to ammunition, in particular to small arms ammunition and shells with a controlled cut-off of powder gases, designed for silent and flameless firing.

State of the art

In firearms and pneumatic weapons, such a principle of silencing is known as cutting off (powder) shot gases. This principle is based on the overlapping of the bore of the barrel or barrel of the liner with a piston following the bore of the barrel or the inner surface of the sleeve after the bullet. After the bullet leaves the barrel or leaves the cartridge case, the piston stops in the muzzle narrowing or narrowing of the cartridge case, locking the gas pushing projectile in the barrel or cartridge case under residual pressure. Since the gases of the shot do not enter the atmosphere and do not expand in it, the sound of the shot is practically absent.

The noiseless SP-4 special cartridge (7.62x41.5) developed for the PSS "Vul" pistol (http://worldvveapon.info/patron-762x415-sp-4) is known. The SP-4 waferless sleeve conceals a cylindrical bullet that does not protrude beyond the front cut of the sleeve. Behind the bullet is a piston-seal, followed by a powder charge and a capsule in the bottom of the sleeve. When fired, the piston acts on the bottom of the bullet until the bullet exits the sleeve, while the piston is completely jammed in the barrel of the sleeve, without going beyond it. After the shot, the sleeve is traumatic, since the piston-obturator prevents the breakthrough of powder gases, which remain in the sleeve under high pressure up to 100 MPa (usually they are etched for 20-30 minutes, but sometimes the sleeves can remain under pressure for up to six months).

The well-known predecessor of the SP-4 special cartridge is the Gurevich cartridge (A. Ardashev. Russian whisper. Youth technique N ° 2011/11, 2011), in which The principle of cut-off of powder gases of a shot and the principle of a liquid pusher are used. Between the piston and the bullet was a liquid that pushed the bullet through the bore. The volume of fluid corresponded to the volume of the bore. The piston, having moved up to the sleeve of the sleeve, abutted against it and locked powder gases inside the closed volume of the sleeve. In this case, the wad displaced water from the sleeve, as a result of which the bullet moved along the bore with the speed of the fluid. Due to the fact that water, like any liquid, is practically incompressible, the speed of the bullet will be as many times greater than the speed of the wad, how many times the cross-sectional area of the bore is less than the cross-sectional area of the sleeve. As a result, there was no sound shock wave, and the low initial velocity of the bullet (189-239 m / s) excluded the occurrence of a ballistic wave. Thus, almost complete noiselessness of the shot was ensured, but a large cloud of water spray gave out an arrow. In addition, the use of water as a bullet pusher made it difficult to use weapons in winter, freezing temperatures. The disadvantages include the large loss of energy of the powder gases to overcome the resistance during fluid flow.

The design of a whole series of samples of silent weapons is based on the principle of locking powder gases inside the liner, for example, a 30-mm silent barrel grenade launcher, a S-4M double-barrel silent pistol, and a N-58 KB silent mortar. In Belgium, the Jet silent portable weapon system was developed Shot ", which includes: single-barrel mortar, disposable mortar, 12-barrel grenade launcher.

Known grenade launcher designed by the type of 67-mm hand-held anti-tank grenade launcher (RPG) single-use "Armbrust" (Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm GmbH - https:// wori d. G uns.ru/greijade/iie/armbrust-r.biml) , which works on the principle of a starting powder spring, compressed between two pistons in the central part of the barrel, and a shot from it does not accompanied by sound and flame formation. When fired, the capsule ignites the powder charge, the gases formed push the pistons tightly fitted to the barrel walls. The front piston pushes the feathered grenade, and the rear compresses the synthetic filler, which absorbs part of the energy of the gases. Having compressed, the filler flies out of the barrel from the breech, but in the air it quickly loses speed and crumbles behind the grenade launcher. Since the mass of the grenade and the filler are equal, the grenade launcher does not experience recoil. Since the pistons are locked at the sections of the barrel, the shot is virtually silent and flameless. Shooting RPG is hot.

Disclosure of the invention

The aim of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the known technical solutions for cutting off the powder gases of the shot.

The essence of the invention lies in the manufacture of the piston used in cartridges with controlled gas cut-off from a porous material. This material may contain only through pores, or a combination of through and dead ends. Unlike the piston-shutter of the SP-4 special cartridge, the proposed piston at the moment of shot through the through pores passes part of the powder gases, also contribute to the expulsion of the bullet from the cartridge and the movement of the bullet along the barrel, and after the bullet leaves the barrel or cartridge (in the case of barrelless weapons ) - enter the environment.

Moving along the barrel, the bullet crashes into the grooves of the barrel, rotating along them. In addition, behind the bottom of the SP-4 bullet moving along the barrel, a vacuum occurs. This all leads to certain bullet energy losses. Part of the powder gases passing through the pores of the proposed piston and following the bottom of the bullet partially or fully compensate for these bullet energy losses.

The use of the invention allows to reduce the sound volume of the shot, increase the effectiveness of the cartridge, increase flight speed bullets, reduce the mass of the cartridge, reduce the mass of the charge with the same efficiency, in the case of comparison with similar previous cartridges, and also increases the safety of the use of ammunition, because powder gases leave the shot sleeve through the through pores of the piston and the sleeve is not under high pressure of the powder gases.

Brief Description of the Drawings

FIG. 1 is a General view of a longitudinal section of a variant of the proposed cartridge, FIG. 2 is an embodiment of the invention with two layers of porous material with different porosity of the layers,

FIG. ZA-E - examples of through pores (channels) in the piston intended for gas outflow, where ZA - pores obtained by sintering dendritic powders, ЗВ - channels obtained by connecting two through holes made at different angles on both sides of the piston element, ЗС - channels obtained by connecting two through holes made at different angles on both sides of the piston element, 3D - pores obtained by sintering of spherical powders, ZE - channels of through holes.

The cartridge for reducing the sound of a shot, made according to the invention, comprises a sleeve 1, a bullet 2, a capsule 3, a throwing composition 4 and a through-pore piston 5, which provides a predetermined gas outflow from the sleeve 1 when initiating the throwing composition 4 (Fig. 1). The piston 5 is located in the sleeve 1 and is equipped with stoppers that prevent the piston from exiting the sleeve. The cavity of the piston 5 is filled with a propellant composition 4. The bottom 6 of the piston 5 abuts against the bottom of the bullet 2 or is in close proximity to it. The open piston 5 faces the capsule located at the bottom of the sleeve 1 and is positioned so as to allow the initiation of the propellant composition 4 as a result of exposure to the capsule 3.

The piston 5 is partially or completely made of through-porous material (i.e., open-pore material). Open time communicates with surfaces of the porous body and participates in gas filtration in the presence of a pressure gradient on the porous body. In addition, the piston 5 may be partially or completely made of a material having both through and dead-end pores (i.e., pores communicating with only one surface of the porous body). The dead end does not participate in gas filtration, but contributes to the reflection and swirl of the flow, which leads to the loss of energy of the powder gases.

The porous material may be based on metal powders (spherical, drop-like, spongy), dendritic powders, metallic hollow or solid particles, or a combination of the aforementioned porous materials. The piston 5 or parts thereof (elements) made of such a porous material are gas permeable and sound absorbing.

In order to control the permeability of the powder gases through the piston 5 or its parts, the piston 5 or its parts can be made with differentiated porosity. Using differentiated porosity, it is possible to control both the rate of penetration of powder gases through the piston 5 and their direction of penetration.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the piston bottom 6 in contact with the bottom of the bullet 2 is made of through-porous material, and the rest of the piston is made of material that does not have through-pores, or with a through porosity of less than 10%, or non-porous material.

The piston bottom 6 in contact with the bottom of the bullet 2 may be made of two or more layers of porous material with different through porosities of the said layers.

According to one embodiment of the invention (Fig. 2), the piston bottom 6 is made of two layers 6 ^V and 6 ″ of porous material, the lower layer 6 of ^VV in contact with the propellant composition 4 made of porous material with porosity from 20 to 55 % preferably from 40 to 55%, and the upper layer 6 ^V , in contact with the bottom of the bullet 2 or located in close proximity to it, is made of through-porous material with porosity from 10 to 45%, preferably from 17 to 40%, with the ratio of the height of the lower and the upper layers are 6 ^VV and 6 ^V from 1: 1 to 1: 2.

The bottom of the piston 6 can be partially or completely made of a material that does not have through pores, but in which through holes are made that perform the function of through pores. Also, the piston bottom material may contain non-through cavities that perform the function of dead-end pores. Through holes may be as shown in FIG. ZA - irregular shape, ZV-ZS - at an oblique angle to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the piston bottom 6, coinciding with the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the cartridge (or oblique to the normal to the surface of the piston bottom 6), ZE - parallel to the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the piston bottom 6, matching with the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the cartridge. The channels of the through holes can have a broken shape, obtained, for example, by connecting the channels of two through holes made at different angles on both sides of the piston bottom 6 (Fig. 3B).

According to another embodiment of the invention, the piston bottom 6, which is in contact with or located in the immediate vicinity of the bottom of the bullet 2, is made of two or more layers of material provided with openings that perform the function of through pores, the openings in each of the layers having a different diameter. For example, the diameter of the holes of the lower layer 6 ^VV, in contact with the propellant composition may be from 1000 to 600 micrometers, and the diameter of the holes of the upper layer 6 ^V, in contact with the bottom of a bullet or located in close proximity to it - from 600 to 50 microns, with the ratio of the height of the lower and upper layers from 1: 1 to 1: 2.

When a trigger or hammer strikes a capsule, a charge of shock-sensitive explosive ignites the propellant 4, which provokes the movement of the piston 5 towards the pool 2 and the effect of the piston 5, as well as powder gases penetrating through the through pores of the bottom 6 of the piston 5, on the bottom of the bullet 2 until the bullet 2 leaves the sleeve 1. In this case, the piston 5 remains in the sleeve 1. Powder gases penetrate through the through pores of the bottom 6. Due to technological irregularities in the pore channels, as well as due to dead ends, the powder gases lose energy and transmit temperature to the piston 5. The penetration of gases through the bottom of the piston occurs with a slight delay in time (when compared with the movement of the pores gas in a conventional cartridge). This reduces the volume of the sound of the shot and reduces the output of fire. At the same time, the powder gases exiting through the pores of the piston 5 continue to exert pressure on the bullet 2 flying out of the barrel, preventing the discharge of air generated and increasing as the bullet 2 passes through the barrel in the area between the piston 5 and bullet 2 (as this happens in the case of known cartridges with a cut-off of powder gases of a shot). This prevents the appearance of additional sound at the moment of leaving the barrel 2 of the barrel and a decrease in the speed of the bullet 2. After firing, the sleeve is not traumatic, since it is not under high pressure.

Claims

Claim

1. Cartridge for reducing the sound of a shot containing a sleeve (1), a bullet (2), a capsule (3), a throwing compound (4) and a piston (5), adapted to move towards the bullet (2) as a result of the initiation of the throwing composition (4) and exerting influence on the bullet (2) until the bullet (2) leaves the sleeve (1), characterized in that the piston (5) is partially or completely made of porous material.

2. The cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the piston (5) is partially or completely made of through-hole material or material containing both through-hole and dead-end pores.

3. The cartridge according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the piston (5) is partially or completely made of porous material based on metal powders, dendritic powders, metal hollow or solid particles, or a combination of the aforementioned porous materials.

4. A cartridge according to any one of the above paragraphs, characterized in that the piston bottom (6) is made of two or more layers of porous material with different porosity of said layers.

5. A cartridge according to any one of the above paragraphs, characterized in that the piston bottom (6) is made of porous material, and the rest of the piston (5) is made of material that does not have through pores or with a through porosity of less than 10%.

6. Cartridge according to any one of the above paragraphs, characterized in that the piston bottom (6) is made of two layers (6 ^V , 6 ^VV ) of porous material, the lower layer (6 ^VV ) in contact with the propellant composition (4), made of porous material with porosity from 20 to 55%, preferably 40-55%, and the upper layer (6 ^V ) in contact with the bottom of the bullet (2) or located in close proximity to it from porous material with porosity from 10 to 45%, preferably 17-40%, with a ratio of the height of the lower and upper layers (6 ^VV , 6 ^V ) from 1: 1 to 1: 2.

7. The cartridge according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the piston bottom (6) is partially or completely made of a material that does not have through pores, but in which through holes are made that perform the function of through pores; optionally also non-through cavities that perform the function of dead-end pores.

8. The cartridge according to claim 7, characterized in that the piston bottom (6) is made of two or more layers of material provided with holes that perform the function of through pores, the holes in each of the layers having a different diameter.

9. The cartridge according to claim 8, characterized in that the diameter of the holes of the lower layer (6 ^VV ) in contact with the propellant composition is from 1000 to 600 microns, and the diameter of the holes of the upper layer (6 ^V ) in contact with the bottom of the bullet or located in immediate proximity to it - from 600 to 50 microns, with a ratio of the height of the lower and upper layers from 1: 1 to 1: 2.

10. The cartridge according to any one of paragraphs 7-9, characterized in that the through holes are made at an oblique angle to the normal to the surface of the piston bottom (6).

11. The cartridge according to any one of paragraphs 7-10, characterized in that the channels of the through holes have a broken shape.