WO2015078368A1 - 一种碟式太阳能热发电系统的保护装置 - Google Patents

一种碟式太阳能热发电系统的保护装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015078368A1
WO2015078368A1 PCT/CN2014/092243 CN2014092243W WO2015078368A1 WO 2015078368 A1 WO2015078368 A1 WO 2015078368A1 CN 2014092243 W CN2014092243 W CN 2014092243W WO 2015078368 A1 WO2015078368 A1 WO 2015078368A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power generation
generation system
thermal power
guide rail
solar thermal
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PCT/CN2014/092243
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王步根
黄剑锋
王曙辉
刘红
许维
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湘电集团有限公司
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Publication of WO2015078368A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015078368A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S40/00—Safety or protection arrangements of solar heat collectors; Preventing malfunction of solar heat collectors
    • F24S40/50—Preventing overheating or overpressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
    • F24S50/80—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for controlling collection or absorption of solar radiation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of solar thermal power generation technology, and in particular, to a protection device for a dish type solar thermal power generation system.
  • Solar thermal power generation technology has an increasingly important social and economic significance.
  • An important technology of solar thermal power generation is the dish system, in which the solar energy is concentrated by a dish concentrator, and then converted into a thermal energy heating machine to be converted into mechanical energy, and then converted into electric energy by the motor.
  • This method has a very flexible modular deployment capability, high photothermal conversion efficiency, and a high utilization factor, which has attracted attention and attention.
  • the heat absorber absorbs the solar energy concentrated by the concentrating device and converts it into heat energy, and then transfers the heat energy to the engine through the working fluid for work.
  • the hot end parts of the heat sink it has the characteristics of large heat flow density, uneven heating part, high temperature and high pressure, and the working environment is very harsh.
  • the material of the hot end part, the temperature field control, and the focus generated by the concentrating device Parameters such as spot energy distribution characteristics have very demanding requirements.
  • the tracking operation of the general dish concentrator is realized by a conventional system driven tracking action actuator such as a motor or a speed reducer. Relative to the ground reference, the change of the sun direction is very slow, so the speed ratio of the general reducer is very large, that is, the speed of the tracking action actuator is much lower than the motor speed.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a protection device for a dish-type solar thermal power generation system, which can block the lighting port of the thermal power generation system in an emergency by controlling the movement of the light-shielding assembly, thereby preventing the temperature of the heat-absorbing device from being too high and being damaged.
  • the present invention provides a protection device for a dish type solar thermal power generation system, comprising a driver, a transmission mechanism, a light shielding assembly and a guide rail connected in sequence, and the light shielding assembly is reciprocally coupled to the guide rail;
  • the driver provides a driving force through the transmission mechanism, and the light shielding assembly moves along the guide rail under the driving force to a first position blocking the lighting opening of the thermal power generation system, or moves to open the lighting opening Second position.
  • the driver when the thermal power generation system works normally, the driver outputs a positive driving force, and the transmission mechanism transmits the driving force of the driver to the light shielding component, and drives the light shielding component to move along the guide rail to the second position, and the solar energy enters the lighting port to generate electricity normally;
  • the driver outputs a reverse driving force to move the shading assembly to the first position, cutting off the solar energy projected on the high temperature component of the heat absorber, and avoiding further heating and burning of the high temperature component. , played a protective role.
  • the light shielding component comprises a fixing plate and a light shielding plate disposed at a front end or a rear end of the fixing plate; the fixing plate is fixedly connected to the base, and the fixing plate is provided with a corresponding light receiving port The focal spot passes through the hole, and the guide rail is disposed on the fixing plate; the light shielding plate is connected with the power output component of the transmission mechanism, and is coupled with the reciprocable movement of the guide rail, and the shielding plate is driven by the driving force Acting along the guide rail to block the first position of the focal spot passage aperture or to open the second position of the focal spot passage aperture.
  • the light-shielding component is divided into a fixed fixed plate and a movable light-shielding plate.
  • the focal spot of the fixed plate is used for lighting through the hole, and the light-shielding plate is used to block only the focal spot through the hole to cut off the solar light energy.
  • the area of the desired visor is small, and the structure of the visor assembly can greatly reduce the required driving force as compared with the overall movable visor assembly.
  • the transmission mechanism includes a gear and a rack, a central axis of the gear and the drive The power is coupled, the rack meshes with the gear, and the rack is coupled to the visor.
  • the number of the guide rails is two, and the two guide rails are symmetrically disposed on two sides of the focal spot passage hole;
  • the protection device further includes a frame type support frame, and the middle portion of the support frame is The visor is fixedly connected, and the two ends of the support frame are respectively connected to the reciprocating joint of the guide rail.
  • the two ends of the support frame are provided with a slider, and the slider is slidably coupled with the guide rail.
  • the two side walls of the slider that are in contact with the guide rail are provided with balls that reduce friction.
  • both side walls and end walls of the slider that are in contact with the guide rail are arcuate convex walls to form line contact with the guide rail.
  • the two side walls of the slider are provided with a first recess recessed inwardly, and the two side walls of the guide rail are provided with a first rail extending inwardly, the first rail and the first rail
  • the first groove is slidingly coupled;
  • the end wall of the slider is provided with a second recess that is recessed inward, and the rail is provided with a second rail that is slidably coupled to the second recess.
  • the end of the slider is provided with a sliding piece
  • the guide rail is disposed on two sides of the sliding piece to provide two third rails
  • the sliding sheet forms a sliding relationship with the two third rails. Match the connection.
  • the end of the sliding piece is provided with a stop, and the stop also forms a sliding fit connection with the end of the third rail.
  • both ends of the support frame are provided with a rotating shaft and a roller hinged with the rotating shaft, and the roller forms a rolling fit connection with the guide rail.
  • the outer peripheral wall of the roller is provided with an annular groove
  • the guide rail is provided with a fourth rail which is in rolling engagement with the annular groove
  • FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of a protection device for a dish type solar power generation system in an emergency state according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 1, and showing the state of the light shielding assembly in the first position;
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line B-B of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a B-direction view of Figure 2 with the heat sink removed;
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of Figure 1, and showing the state of the light shielding assembly in the second position;
  • Figure 6 is a partial enlarged view of I in Figure 2;
  • Figure 7 is a partial enlarged view of II in Figure 3;
  • Figure 8 is an isometric view of the shading assembly
  • Figure 9 is a structural view of the first embodiment of the support frame of Figure III connected to the guide rail;
  • Figure 10 is a structural view showing a second embodiment of the support frame of Figure III connected to the guide rail;
  • Figure 11 is a structural view showing a third embodiment of the support frame of the portion III of Figure 3 connected to the guide rail;
  • Figure 12 is a structural view showing a fourth embodiment of the support frame of Figure 3 connected to the guide rail;
  • Figure 13 is a structural view showing a fifth embodiment of the support frame of Figure III connected to the guide rail;
  • Figure 14 is a structural view showing a sixth embodiment of the support frame of Figure 3 connected to the guide rail;
  • Figure 15 is a structural view showing a seventh embodiment of the support frame of Figure III connected to the guide rail;
  • Figure 16 is a structural view showing an eighth embodiment of the support frame of the portion III of Figure 3 connected to the guide rail.
  • Driver mount 1 fixing plate 2; shading assembly 3; focal spot passage hole 4; fixing plate mount 5; heat sink 6; lighting port 7; collecting light 8; guide rail 9; driver 10; rack 11; Roller 13; shaft 14; support frame 15; ball 16; slider 17;
  • a second groove 20 a second groove 20; a second rail 21; a sliding piece 22; a light shielding plate 23; a sliding sleeve 24;
  • the core of the present invention is to provide a protection device for a dish type solar thermal power generation system, which can prevent the temperature of the heat absorber from being too high by controlling the movement of the light shielding assembly to block the lighting port of the thermal power generation system in an emergency situation. And damaged.
  • FIG. 1 is a front view of a protection device in a state of emergency of a dish-type solar power generation system according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line BB of Figure 1
  • Figure 4 is a B-direction view of Figure 2 with the heat sink removed
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of Figure 1, and showing the light-shielding assembly in the second position status.
  • the present invention provides a protection device for a dish-type solar thermal power generation system, which includes a driver 10, a transmission mechanism, a shading assembly 3, and a guide rail that are sequentially connected.
  • the light-shielding assembly 3 is reciprocally coupled to the guide rail 9; the driver 10 provides a driving force through the transmission mechanism, and the light-shielding assembly 3 moves along the guide rail 9 under the driving force to a first position of the lighting opening 7 that blocks the thermal power generation system. Or move to the second position where the lighting port 7 is opened.
  • the driver 10 when the thermal power generation system operates normally, the driver 10 outputs a positive driving force, and the transmission mechanism transmits the driving force of the driver 10 to the light shielding assembly 3, and drives the light shielding assembly 3 to move along the guide rail 9 to the second position, and the solar energy enters the lighting.
  • Port 7 normal power generation; when a certain failure of the thermal power generation system can not normally derive the heat, the driver 10 outputs a reverse driving force to move the shading assembly 3 to the first position, and cuts off the projection on the high temperature component of the heat absorber 6.
  • Solar energy to avoid further heating and burning of high-temperature components, has played a protective role.
  • the light shielding component 3 includes a fixing plate 2 and a light shielding plate 23 disposed at the front end or the rear end of the fixing plate 2; the fixing plate 2 is fixedly connected to the base, and the fixing plate 2 is provided with a corresponding light collecting port 7.
  • the focal spot passes through the hole 4, and the guide rail 9 is disposed on the fixed plate 2; the light shielding plate 23 is connected with the power output component of the transmission mechanism, and is coupled with the reciprocable movement of the guide rail 9, and the light shielding plate 23 moves along the guide rail 9 under the driving force.
  • the shading assembly 3 is divided into a fixed fixing plate 2 and a movable visor 23, and the focal spot of the fixing plate 2 is normally used for lighting through the hole 4, and the blush 23 is used to block only the focal spot.
  • the solar energy is cut through the holes 4.
  • the area of the desired visor 23 is small, and the light-shielding assembly 3 of such a structure can greatly reduce the required driving force as compared with the overall movable dam member 3.
  • the protection device may include a fixed plate mount 5 and a driver mount 1, and the fixed plate mount 5 is fixedly connected to the ground or the base for fixing the connection fixed plate 2.
  • the driver mount 1 may be provided at one end of the guide rail 9 for fixing the connection driver 10.
  • the transmission mechanism includes a gear 12 and a rack 11, as shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, FIG. 6 is a partial enlarged view of FIG. 2, and FIG. 7 is a partial enlarged view of FIG.
  • the central axis of the gear 12 is dynamically connected to the driver 10.
  • the driver mount 1 is provided with a sliding sleeve 24, and the rack 11 is slidably coupled with the sliding sleeve 24 and meshed with the gear 12, and, as shown in FIG.
  • the strip 11 is also connected to the visor 23.
  • the gear 12 and the rack 11 are respectively the power input member and the power output member of the transmission mechanism, and the power of the driver 10 can be easily and conveniently transmitted to the light shielding assembly 3.
  • the above transmission mechanism can also adopt various other structures.
  • the number of the guide rails 9 is two, and the two guide rails 9 are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the focal spot passage hole 4; the protection device further includes a frame type support.
  • the frame 15 and the middle portion of the frame type support frame 15 are fixedly connected to the light shielding plate 23, and the two ends of the frame type support frame 15 are respectively connected to the reciprocating movement of the guide rails 9.
  • the visor 23 can be stably supported and a stable fit with the guide rail 9 can be ensured.
  • the visor 23 and the guide rail 9 are not limited to indirect cooperation, and both sides of the visor 23 may be directly connected to the guide rail 9.
  • the two ends of the support frame 15 may be provided with a slider 17, and the slider 17 is slidably coupled with the guide rails 9.
  • the two may also adopt a rolling fit connection. .
  • the side walls of the slider 17 which are fitted to the guide rails 9 are provided with balls 16. This can reduce the frictional resistance and the chance of jamming between the slider 17 and the guide rail 9, while restraining the moving direction of the slider 17, and ensuring the sliding trajectory.
  • both side walls and end walls of the slider 17 which are in contact with the guide rail 9 are arcuate convex walls for making line contact with the guide rail 9.
  • the two side walls of the slider 17 are provided with a first recess 18 recessed inwardly, and the two side walls of the guide rail 9 are provided with a first rail 19 extending inwardly, A rail 19 is slidably coupled to the first recess 18.
  • the end wall of the slider 17 is provided with a second recess 20 recessed inwardly, and the guide rail 9 is provided with a second rail 21 which is slidably coupled to the second recess 20.
  • the end portion of the slider 17 is provided with a sliding piece 22, and the guide rail 9 is disposed on the two sides of the sliding piece 22 to provide two third rails 25, the sliding piece 22 and the two third parts.
  • Rail 25 forms a slip Dynamically coupled.
  • the end portion of the slider 22 is provided with a stopper 26, and the stopper 26 and the end portion of the third rail 25 also form a sliding fit connection.
  • the two ends of the support frame 15 are provided with a rotating shaft 14 and a roller 13 hinged to the rotating shaft 14, and the roller 13 is in rolling engagement with the guide rail 9.
  • the outer peripheral wall of the roller 13 is provided with an annular groove 27, and the guide rail 9 is provided with a fourth rail 28 which is in rolling engagement with the annular groove 27.
  • orientation word “side wall” herein refers to the upper and lower walls of the slider 17 in FIGS. 9 to 14, and the “end” refers to the right portion of the slider 17, and the appearance of these orientation words is in the specification.
  • the drawings are set forth as a basis and their appearance should not affect the scope of protection of the present invention.

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Abstract

一种碟式太阳能热发电系统的保护装置，包括依次连接的驱动器（10）、传动机构、遮光组件（3）和导轨（9），遮光组件（3）与导轨（9）可往复运动的配合连接；驱动器（10）通过传动机构提供驱动力，遮光组件（3）在驱动力作用下沿导轨（9）运动至遮挡热发电系统的采光口（7）的第一位置，或者运动至打开采光口（7）的第二位置。采用这种结构，热发电系统正常工作时，驱动遮光组件（3）运动至第二位置，太阳光能进入采光口（7）进行发电；当热发电系统发生某种故障不能将热量正常导出时，遮光组件（3）运动至第一位置，切断投射在吸热器（6）高温部件上的太阳能，避免高温部件进一步升温、烧毁，起到保护的作用。

Description

一种碟式太阳能热发电系统的保护装置
本申请要求于2013年11月26日提交中国专利局、申请号为201310610540.7、发明名称为“一种碟式太阳能热发电系统的保护装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能热发电技术领域，尤其涉及一种碟式太阳能热发电系统的保护装置。
背景技术
太阳能热发电技术具有越来越重要的社会和经济意义。而太阳能热发电的一种重要技术是碟式系统，即通过碟式聚光器将太阳能进行汇聚，然后转化为热能供热机转化为机械能，进而通过电机转化为电能。这种方式具有非常灵活的模块化部署能力、很高的光热转化效率，以及很高的利用系数，因而受到关注与重视。
吸热器作为碟式太阳能热发电系统的关键部件之一，其作用是吸收聚光装置汇聚的太阳光能，并将其转化为热能，然后将热能通过工质顺利传递给发动机供其做功。对于吸热器的热端部件来说，具有热流密度大、受热部位不均匀、承受高温高压等工作特征，工作环境十分恶劣，对热端部件的材料、温度场控制、聚光装置产生的焦斑能量分布特征等参数均具有十分苛刻的要求。
如果由于某些故障造成吸热器内部的热量不能顺利导出，需要快速将聚光器形成的焦斑从采光口移开，不然大量的光能导入而又不能顺利导出，将造成吸热器热端部件快速升温，乃至熔毁，造成严重的后果。
一般碟式聚光器的对日跟踪动作是通过电机、减速器等一套传统系统驱动跟踪动作执行机构来实现的。相对于地面参照物来说，太阳方向的变化速度很慢，所以一般减速器的速比非常大，也即跟踪动作执行机构的转速比电机转速低得多。一旦需要将聚光器产生的焦斑从吸热器采光口移开，则需要很长的时间，即使提高聚光器驱动装置的转速，也难以在很短的时间内将焦斑从发动机吸热器的采光口完全移开、保证使热端部件处于安全状态。
有鉴于此，亟待针对上述技术问题，另辟蹊径设计一种保护装置，以便在紧急情况下，快速将进入吸热器采光口的光能切断，避免吸热器进一步升温而过热损坏。
发明内容
本发明的目的为提供一种碟式太阳能热发电系统的保护装置，通过控制遮光组件的运动使其在紧急情况下遮挡热发电系统的采光口，避免吸热器的温度过高而损坏。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种碟式太阳能热发电系统的保护装置，包括依次连接的驱动器、传动机构、遮光组件和导轨，所述遮光组件与所述导轨可往复运动的配合连接；所述驱动器通过所述传动机构提供驱动力，所述遮光组件在驱动力作用下沿所述导轨运动至遮挡所述热发电系统的采光口的第一位置，或者运动至打开所述采光口的第二位置。
采用这种结构，热发电系统正常工作时，驱动器输出正向驱动力，传动机构将驱动器的驱动力传递给遮光组件，驱动遮光组件沿导轨运动至第二位置，太阳能进入采光口，正常发电；当热发电系统发生某种故障不能将热量正常导出时，驱动器输出反向驱动力，使遮光组件运动至第一位置，切断投射在吸热器高温部件上的太阳能，避免高温部件进一步升温、烧毁，起到了保护的作用。
优选地，所述遮光组件包括固定板和设于所述固定板前端或后端的遮光板；所述固定板固定连接于基座上、且所述固定板上设有与所述采光口对应的焦斑通过孔，所述导轨设于所述固定板上；所述遮光板与所述传动机构的动力输出部件连接、且与所述导轨可往复运动的配合连接，所述遮光板在驱动力作用下沿所述导轨运动至遮挡所述焦斑通过孔的第一位置或打开所述焦斑通过孔的第二位置。
采用这种结构，将遮光组件分为位置固定的固定板和可移动的遮光板，正常时利用固定板的焦斑通过孔进行采光，故障时利用遮光板仅遮挡焦斑通过孔切断太阳光能。这样，所需遮光板的面积较小，与整体可移动的遮光组件相比，这种结构的遮光组件可以大大减小所需的驱动力。
优选地，所述传动机构包括齿轮和齿条，所述齿轮的中心轴与所述驱 动器动力连接，所述齿条与所述齿轮啮合，所述齿条与所述遮光板连接。
优选地，所述导轨的数目为两条，两条所述导轨对称设于所述焦斑通过孔的两侧；所述保护装置还包括框型支撑架，所述支撑架的中部与所述遮光板固定连接，所述支撑架的两端部分别于所述导轨可往复运动的配合连接。
优选地，所述支撑架的两端部设有滑块，所述滑块与所述导轨滑动配合连接。
优选地，所述滑块的与所述导轨贴合的两侧壁设有减小摩擦力的滚珠。
优选地，所述滑块的与所述导轨贴合的两侧壁和端壁均为弧形凸起壁，以便与所述导轨形成线接触。
优选地，所述滑块的两侧壁设有向内凹陷的第一凹槽，所述导轨的两侧壁设有向内伸出的第一轨条，所述第一轨条与所述第一凹槽滑动配合连接；
或者所述滑块的端壁设有向内凹陷的第二凹槽，所述导轨设有与所述第二凹槽滑动配合连接的第二轨条。
优选地，所述滑块的端部设有滑片，所述导轨在所述滑片两侧贴合设置两个第三轨条，所述滑片与两个所述第三轨条形成滑动配合连接。
优选地，所述滑片的端部设有挡块，所述挡块与所述第三轨条的端部也形成滑动配合连接。
优选地，所述支撑架的两端部设有转轴和与所述转轴铰接的滚轮，所述滚轮与所述导轨形成滚动配合连接。
优选地，所述滚轮的外周壁设有环形凹槽，所述导轨设有与所述环形凹槽滚动配合连接的第四轨条。
附图说明
图1为本发明所提供一种碟式太阳能发电系统紧急状态下的保护装置的正视图；
图2为图1的A-A剖视图，并示出了遮光组件在第一位置的状态；
图3为图1的B-B剖视图；
图4为图2去除吸热器的B向视图；
图5为图1的A-A剖视图，并示出了遮光组件在第二位置的状态；
图6为图2中Ⅰ处局部放大图；
图7为图3中Ⅱ处局部放大图；
图8为遮光组件的轴测图；
图9为图3中Ⅲ处支撑架与导轨连接的第一实施例的结构图；
图10为图3中Ⅲ处支撑架与导轨连接的第二实施例的结构图；
图11为图3中Ⅲ处支撑架与导轨连接的第三实施例的结构图；
图12为图3中Ⅲ处支撑架与导轨连接的第四实施例的结构图；
图13为图3中Ⅲ处支撑架与导轨连接的第五实施例的结构图；
图14为图3中Ⅲ处支撑架与导轨连接的第六实施例的结构图；
图15为图3中Ⅲ处支撑架与导轨连接的第七实施例的结构图；
图16为图3中Ⅲ处支撑架与导轨连接的第八实施例的结构图。
其中，各附图中的附图标记与部件名称之间的对应关系为：
驱动器安装座1；固定板2；遮光组件3；焦斑通过孔4；固定板安装座5；吸热器6；采光口7；汇聚光8；导轨9；驱动器10；齿条11；齿轮12；滚轮13；转轴14；支撑架15；滚珠16；滑块17；
第一凹槽18；第一轨条19；
第二凹槽20；第二轨条21；滑片22；遮光板23；滑套24；
第三轨条25；挡块26；环形凹槽27；第四轨条28。
具体实施方式
本发明的核心为提供一种碟式太阳能热发电系统的保护装置，该保护装置通过控制遮光组件的运动使其在紧急情况下遮挡热发电系统的采光口，能够避免吸热器的温度过高而损坏。
为了使本领域的技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案，下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
请参考图1至图5，图1为本发明所提供一种碟式太阳能发电系统紧急状态下的保护装置的正视图；图2为图1的A-A剖视图，并示出了遮光组件在第一位置的状态；图3为图1的B-B剖视图；图4为图2去除吸热器的B向视图；图5为图1的A-A剖视图，并示出了遮光组件在第二位置 的状态。
在一种具体实施方式中，如图1至图5所示，本发明提供一种碟式太阳能热发电系统的保护装置，该保护装置包括依次连接的驱动器10、传动机构、遮光组件3和导轨9，遮光组件3与导轨9可往复运动的配合连接；驱动器10通过传动机构提供驱动力，遮光组件3在驱动力作用下沿导轨9运动至遮挡热发电系统的采光口7的第一位置，或者运动至打开采光口7的第二位置。
采用这种结构，热发电系统正常工作时，驱动器10输出正向驱动力，传动机构将驱动器10的驱动力传递给遮光组件3，驱动遮光组件3沿导轨9运动至第二位置，太阳能进入采光口7，正常发电；当热发电系统发生某种故障不能将热量正常导出时，驱动器10输出反向驱动力，使遮光组件3运动至第一位置，切断投射在吸热器6高温部件上的太阳能，避免高温部件进一步升温、烧毁，起到了保护的作用。
具体的方案中，上述遮光组件3包括固定板2和设于固定板2前端或后端的遮光板23；固定板2固定连接于基座上、且固定板2上设有与采光口7对应的焦斑通过孔4，导轨9设于固定板2上；遮光板23与传动机构的动力输出部件连接、且与导轨9可往复运动的配合连接，遮光板23在驱动力作用下沿导轨9运动至遮挡焦斑通过孔4的第一位置或打开焦斑通过孔4的第二位置。
采用这种结构，将遮光组件3分为位置固定的固定板2和可移动的遮光板23，正常时利用固定板2的焦斑通过孔4进行采光，故障时利用遮光板23仅遮挡焦斑通过孔4切断太阳光能。这样，所需遮光板23的面积较小，与整体可移动的遮光组件3相比，这种结构的遮光组件3可以大大减小所需的驱动力。
上述固定板2的安装方式可以有多种多样。如图1和图2所示，保护装置可以包括固定板安装座5和驱动器安装座1，固定板安装座5固定连接在地面或者基座上，用以固定连接固定板2。驱动器安装座1可以设于导轨9的一端，用以固定连接驱动器10。
另一种具体实施方式中，上述传动机构包括齿轮12和齿条11，如图6和图7所示，图6为图2中Ⅰ处局部放大图，图7为图3中Ⅱ处局部放大 图；齿轮12的中心轴与驱动器10动力连接，驱动器安装座1上设有滑套24，齿条11与滑套24滑动配合连接，且与齿轮12啮合，同时，如图8所示，齿条11还与遮光板23连接。
采用这种结构，齿轮12、齿条11分别为传动机构的动力输入部件、动力输出部件，能够简单、方便地将驱动器10的动力传递给遮光组件3。当然，上述传动机构还可以采用其他多种结构。
在另一种具体实施方式中，如图4和图8所示，上述导轨9的数目为两条，两条导轨9对称设于焦斑通过孔4的两侧；保护装置还包括框型支撑架15，框型支撑架15的中部与遮光板23固定连接，框型支撑架15的两端部分别于导轨9可往复运动的配合连接。
采用这种结构，由于支撑架15的把持面积较大，能够对遮光板23稳定支撑，并保证与导轨9的稳定配合。当然，遮光板23与导轨9并不仅限于间接配合，还可以将遮光板23的两侧直接与导轨9连接。
关于支撑架15与导轨9的配合关系，总体来讲，上述支撑架15的两端部可以设有滑块17，滑块17与导轨9滑动配合连接；此外，二者还可以采用滚动配合连接。
对于滑动配合，有以下实施例：
第一实施例，如图9所示，滑块17的与导轨9贴合的两侧壁设有滚珠16。这样可以减小滑块17与导轨9之间的摩擦阻力和卡死几率，同时约束滑块17的运动方向，保证滑行轨迹。
第二实施例，如图10所示，滑块17的与导轨9贴合的两侧壁和端壁均为弧形凸起壁，以便与导轨9形成线接触。采用这种结构，同样可以约束滑块17的运动方向，减小摩擦阻力和卡死几率。
第三实施例，如图11所示，滑块17的两侧壁设有向内凹陷的第一凹槽18，导轨9的两侧壁设有向内伸出的第一轨条19，第一轨条19与第一凹槽18滑动配合连接。
第四实施例，如图12所示，滑块17的端壁设有向内凹陷的第二凹槽20，导轨9设有与第二凹槽20滑动配合连接的第二轨条21。
第五实施例，如图13所示，滑块17的端部设有滑片22，导轨9在滑片22两侧贴合设置两个第三轨条25，滑片22与两个第三轨条25形成滑 动配合连接。
第六实施例，如图14所示，滑片22的端部设有挡块26，挡块26与第三轨条25的端部也形成滑动配合连接。
对于滚动配合，有以下实施例：
第七实施例，如图15所示，支撑架15的两端部设有转轴14和与转轴14铰接的滚轮13，滚轮13与导轨9滚动配合连接。
第八实施例，如图16所示，上述滚轮13的外周壁设有环形凹槽27，导轨9设有与环形凹槽27滚动配合连接的第四轨条28。
需要说明的是，上述支撑架15与导轨9并不仅限上述八种实施例，其还可以采用其他可往复运动的配合连接。本文中的方位词“侧壁”指的是图9至图14中滑块17的上壁、下壁，“端部”指的是滑块17的右部，这些方位词的出现是以说明书附图为基准而设立的，它们的出现不应当影响本发明的保护范围。
以上对本发明所提供的一种碟式太阳能热发电系统的保护装置进行了详细介绍。本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种碟式太阳能热发电系统的保护装置，其特征在于，包括依次连接的驱动器(10)、传动机构、遮光组件(3)和导轨(9)，所述遮光组件(3)与所述导轨(9)可往复运动的配合连接；所述驱动器(10)通过所述传动机构提供驱动力，所述遮光组件(3)在驱动力作用下沿所述导轨(9)运动至遮挡所述热发电系统的采光口(7)的第一位置，或者运动至打开所述采光口(7)的第二位置。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的碟式太阳能热发电系统的保护装置，其特征在于，所述遮光组件(3)包括固定板(2)和设于所述固定板(2)前端或后端的遮光板(23)；
    所述固定板(2)固定连接于基座上、且所述固定板(2)上设有与所述采光口(7)对应的焦斑通过孔(4)，所述导轨(9)设于所述固定板(2)上；
    所述遮光板(23)与所述传动机构的动力输出部件连接、且与所述导轨(9)可往复运动的配合连接，所述遮光板(23)在驱动力作用下沿所述导轨(9)运动至遮挡所述焦斑通过孔(4)的第一位置或打开所述焦斑通过孔(4)的第二位置。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的碟式太阳能热发电系统的保护装置，其特征在于，所述传动机构包括齿轮(12)和齿条(11)，所述齿轮(12)的中心轴与所述驱动器(10)动力连接，所述齿条(11)与所述齿轮(12)啮合，所述齿条(11)与所述遮光板(23)连接。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的碟式太阳能热发电系统的保护装置，其特征在于，所述导轨(9)的数目为两条，两条所述导轨(9)对称设于所述焦斑通过孔(4)的两侧；所述保护装置还包括框型支撑架(15)，所述支撑架(15)的中部与所述遮光板(23)固定连接，所述支撑架(15)的两端部分别于所述导轨(9)可往复运动的配合连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的碟式太阳能热发电系统的保护装置，其特征在于，所述支撑架(15)的两端部设有滑块(17)，所述滑块(17)与所述导轨(9)滑动配合连接。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的碟式太阳能热发电系统的保护装置，其特征在于，所述滑块(17)的与所述导轨(9)贴合的两侧壁设有减小摩擦力的滚珠(16)。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的碟式太阳能热发电系统的保护装置，其特征在于，所述滑块(17)的与所述导轨(9)贴合的两侧壁和端壁均为弧形凸起壁，以便与所述导轨(9)形成线接触。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的碟式太阳能热发电系统的保护装置，其特征在于，所述滑块(17)的两侧壁设有向内凹陷的第一凹槽(18)，所述导轨(9)的两侧壁设有向内伸出的第一轨条(19)，所述第一轨条(19)与所述第一凹槽(18)滑动配合连接；
    或者所述滑块(17)的端壁设有向内凹陷的第二凹槽(20)，所述导轨(9)设有与所述第二凹槽(20)滑动配合连接的第二轨条(21)。
  9. 根据权利要求5所述的碟式太阳能热发电系统的保护装置，其特征在于，所述滑块(17)的端部设有滑片(22)，所述导轨(9)在所述滑片(22)两侧贴合设置两个第三轨条(25)，所述滑片(22)与两个所述第三轨条(25)形成滑动配合连接。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的碟式太阳能热发电系统的保护装置，其特征在于，所述滑片(22)的端部设有挡块(26)，所述挡块(26)与所述第三轨条(25)的端部也形成滑动配合连接。
  11. 根据权利要求4所述的碟式太阳能热发电系统的保护装置，其特征在于，所述支撑架(15)的两端部设有转轴(14)和与所述转轴(14)铰接的滚轮(13)，所述滚轮(13)与所述导轨(9)形成滚动配合连接。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的碟式太阳能热发电系统的保护装置，其特征在于，所述滚轮(13)的外周壁设有环形凹槽(27)，所述导轨(9)设有与所述环形凹槽(27)滚动配合连接的第四轨条(28)。
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