Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
  • G21H—OBTAINING ENERGY FROM RADIOACTIVE SOURCES; APPLICATIONS OF RADIATION FROM RADIOACTIVE SOURCES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; UTILISING COSMIC RADIATION
  • G21H1/00—Arrangements for obtaining electrical energy from radioactive sources, e.g. from radioactive isotopes, nuclear or atomic batteries
  • G21H1/04—Cells using secondary emission induced by alpha radiation, beta radiation, or gamma radiation
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
  • H05H9/00—Linear accelerators
  • H05H9/005—Dielectric wall accelerators

Definitions

• an emitter device comprising: a source of charged particles; a conduit; a plurality of capacitor elements stacked to form a capacitor array configured to accelerate the charged particles through the conduit which is formed through the capacitor array, each one of the capacitor elements comprising: a cathode electrode having a layer including diamond or diamond-like carbon, an anode electrode having a layer including diamond or diamond-like carbon, and a plurality of photo switches arranged around the capacitor element for activation during a discharge of the capacitor element; and a cooling system for circulating a coolant in the device for cooling the device.
• a method of manufacturing a particle accelerator comprising the steps of: manufacturing a plurality of capacitor electrodes; coating each one of the capacitor electrodes with diamond or diamond-like carbon; providing a plurality of photo switches; manufacturing a plurality of capacitor elements, each of the capacitor elements comprising a pair of the electrodes and a plurality of the photo switches; and stacking the plurality of capacitor elements on a core forming a conduit through which accelerated particles are transmitted.
• method of manufacturing a gamma ray emitter device comprising the steps of: manufacturing a particle accelerator including the steps of:
• manufacturing a plurality of capacitor electrodes coating each one of the capacitor electrodes with diamond or diamond-like carbon, providing a plurality of photo switches each including a diamond crystal, manufacturing a plurality of capacitor elements, each of the capacitor elements comprising a pair of the electrodes and a plurality of the photo switches, the capacitor elements each including a space for forming at least one channel; and stacking the plurality of capacitor elements on a core forming the at least one channel and a conduit through which accelerated particles are transmitted, wherein the at least one channel is adapted for receiving a coolant for cooling the particle accelerator; manufacturing a source of particles comprising an inner electrode operated at a first polarity surrounded by a plurality of outer electrodes operated at a second polarity and including a coolant system for cooling the source of particles; and arranging the source of particles with the particle accelerator in a housing to form the gamma ray emitter device.
• the above reactor also comprising: a cooling system for cooling the emitter device; and a radioactive fuel source; and a heat extraction system configured to extract heat from the reactor for transmission outside of the reactor.
• a decontamination device comprising: an emitter device configured to generate an energy beam; a gamma ray focusing and directing apparatus configured to direct the energy beam generated by the emitter device toward a contaminated target; a controller for controlling the emitter device and the gamma ray focusing and directing apparatus; and a mobile platform configured to transport the emitter device and the decontamination device.
• Figure 4 a schematic of an end view of the end capacitor element of the dielectric wall accelerator region of the example DDWA with the cooling water jacket;
• each discharge of the DPF creates high electric currents (in a monolithic solid tube electrode) that are mirrored on the inner surface. These currents ionize and accelerate hydrogen gas into the end of the central electrode; at this location each discharge path creates tornado-like plasma discharge at the very end of the tube where ionized and accelerated protons are able to be trapped within a single vortex apex region, within the central bore of the boron tube.
• This set of choices will result in an average beam current of 12 mA with the acceleration voltage in increments of 125 kV per mm of accelerator length device - stacked capacitor elements. These elements are stacked adjacent to each other on the Dielectric Wall Beam tube-device length.
• the described architecture with about 45 MeV at 0.012 amps will produce a beam power of about 1 ⁇ 2 MW.
• this electron beam is directed onto a Thorium Oxide or Depleted Uranium Oxide ceramic target, about 30% of the electron beam will be converted into Gamma Rays of 10-17 MeV.
• This choice permits several hundred to several thousand pulses per second firing rate.
• the heat generated in the Photo switches and the coolants ability to remove that heat are the limiting factors to power input.
• This set of choices will result in an average beam current of 12 ma with the acceleration voltage in increments of 125 kV.
• Per mm of capacitor elements These elements are stacked adjacent to each other on the Dielectric Wall Beam tube-device length.
• the described architecture with about 45 MeV at 0.012 amps will produce a beam power of about 1 ⁇ 2 MW.
• this electron beam is directed onto a Thorium Oxide or Depleted Uranium Oxide ceramic target, about 30% of the electron beam will be converted into Gamma Rays of 10-17 MeV.
• the backside of, for example, a Thorium oxide cone is hollowed to permit the target to be cooled by SC0 2 .
• This Gamma Ray Radiation flux will Fission adjacent radioisotopes in the reactor chamber- From Thorium and/or Uranium, down to the above mentioned species and produce about 20-25 times as much recovered electrical energy as conventional approaches.
• the inner wall is lined with transmutation candidate materials that are produced in their most stable form whether that is an oxide, metal pellet or rod or pebble.
• the inner surface of the reactor chamber is made of reacted Silicon Carbide panels shaped to mount to form the inner surface and secure the fuel in whatever form it is made into.
• the nuclear reactors disclosed herein can specifically provide for the utilization of Gamma Ray and/or Neutron spallation as single or dual sources in a liquid lead, heavy water or Carbon Dioxide cooled core design, in which existing Fuel rod assemblies designs, that are depleted in U-335, are transmuted while still in the as removed assemblies that are commonly used in Pressure Water Reactors.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
• Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
• Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
• Particle Accelerators (AREA)
• X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
• Plasma Technology (AREA)

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Citations (5)

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• 2014
  • 2014-11-21 JP JP2016532006A patent/JP6653650B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2014-11-21 EP EP14863685.5A patent/EP3072369B1/en active Active
  • 2014-11-21 WO PCT/US2014/066803 patent/WO2015077554A1/en not_active Ceased

Patent Citations (5)

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