WO2015075863A1 - Ultrasonic probe and method for measuring blood vessel diameter of living subject using ultrasonic probe - Google Patents
Ultrasonic probe and method for measuring blood vessel diameter of living subject using ultrasonic probe Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015075863A1 WO2015075863A1 PCT/JP2014/005231 JP2014005231W WO2015075863A1 WO 2015075863 A1 WO2015075863 A1 WO 2015075863A1 JP 2014005231 W JP2014005231 W JP 2014005231W WO 2015075863 A1 WO2015075863 A1 WO 2015075863A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/08—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings
- A61B8/0891—Detecting organic movements or changes, e.g. tumours, cysts, swellings for diagnosis of blood vessels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B8/00—Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- A61B8/44—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device
- A61B8/4483—Constructional features of the ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic diagnostic device characterised by features of the ultrasound transducer
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- the present invention relates to an ultrasonic probe for measuring a blood vessel of a living body, in particular, a blood vessel diameter of a wrist radial artery using a pulse echo method, and a measuring method of a blood vessel diameter of the living body using this ultrasonic probe.
- an ultrasonic probe of the above kind is known from Non-Patent Document 1, for example.
- This ultrasonic probe is laminated on a backing material, one side of the backing material, an oscillating unit that oscillates a pulse wave toward a blood vessel when a pulse voltage is applied, and a laminating direction of the oscillating unit on the backing material,
- a receiving unit (signal electrode) that is stacked on the oscillation unit and receives a reflected wave that collides with a blood vessel and reflects, and an acoustic lens disposed on the signal electrode.
- the oscillating portion is configured by arranging rectangular piezoelectric elements in plan view on a plate-like ground electrode at equal intervals in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction. Then, a pulse voltage is applied to the piezoelectric element, the reflected wave at that time is measured, the measured reflected wave is analyzed, and the blood vessel diameter immediately below the piezoelectric element is measured by the pulse echo method.
- the wrist radial artery has a very small blood vessel diameter of 2 to 4 mm, and the ultrasonic probe is placed on the skin surface directly above the blood vessel. It is practically difficult to accurately position and set directly on the blood vessel while visually confirming (in general, the acoustic lens part is adhered to the skin surface). For this reason, when the oscillating portion is formed by arranging rectangular piezoelectric elements in parallel with a predetermined gap as in the conventional example, the gap may be located immediately above the blood vessel. In such a case, there is a problem that the reflected wave is blurred and the blood vessel diameter cannot be determined. Moreover, there is also a problem that the reflected wave cannot be received if the arm is moved even a little during measurement.
- the present invention provides an ultrasonic probe capable of reliably measuring the diameter of a blood vessel without being affected by the position when the ultrasonic probe is placed on the skin surface, and the ultrasonic wave.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring a blood vessel diameter of a living body using a probe.
- the present invention is an ultrasonic probe for measuring a blood vessel diameter of a living body using a pulse echo method, and oscillates an ultrasonic wave toward a blood vessel by applying a pulse voltage.
- An oscillation unit and a reception unit that receives a reflected wave that collides with a blood vessel and reflects the oscillation unit, wherein the oscillation unit includes a plurality of regular hexagonal piezoelectric elements arranged in a plane in the same plane.
- the pulse voltage is selectively applied to each piezoelectric element.
- the oscillating unit when an ultrasonic probe is placed on the skin surface by arranging a plurality of piezoelectric elements having a regular hexagonal shape in plan view in a honeycomb shape in the same plane to form an oscillating unit, the oscillating unit is directly above the blood vessel.
- One of the piezoelectric elements is positioned almost immediately above the blood vessel.
- a pulse voltage is selectively applied to each piezoelectric element, and the piezoelectric element is vibrated to generate an ultrasonic wave toward the blood vessel. Therefore, a pulse voltage is applied to each piezoelectric element, If the reflected wave is measured, it is possible to identify the piezoelectric element located almost immediately above the blood vessel from the result.
- the receiving unit can also be configured by arranging a plurality of piezoelectric elements having a regular hexagonal shape in plan view in a honeycomb shape in the same plane, and may be formed integrally with the oscillating unit and the receiving unit.
- the diameter of the circumscribed circle of each piezoelectric element is in the range of 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm, and the interval between the sides of each piezoelectric element is 0.1 mm to 0 mm. It is preferable that the range is 2 mm and the number of piezoelectric elements is 10 or more.
- the acoustic lens is made of a material having an appropriate acoustic impedance on the surface of the ultrasonic oscillation surface such as polyvinylidene fluoride, and has a convex shape with respect to the oscillation direction, and has a maximum thickness of 30 ⁇ m. If it is, the oscillated ultrasonic wave can be focused and a stronger reflected signal can be obtained.
- a lens that covers each of the piezoelectric elements a lens that covers a plurality of adjacent piezoelectric elements, or a lens that covers the entire oscillating unit with a single sheet can be used. Further, an acoustic matching layer may be further provided.
- an ultrasonic probe including an oscillating unit that oscillates an ultrasonic wave toward a blood vessel when a pulse voltage is applied, and a receiving unit that receives a reflected wave that collides with the blood vessel and reflects it is used.
- a measuring method for measuring a blood vessel diameter of a living body wherein an oscillating unit is arranged on a blood vessel of a living body to be measured, and a pulse voltage is applied to at least one selected from a plurality of piezoelectric elements constituting the oscillating unit Then, the reflected wave at that time is received by the receiving unit, the received reflected wave is analyzed to determine whether a blood vessel wall exists immediately below the piezoelectric element, and this determination is performed for all the piezoelectric elements. Based on all the obtained results, select a piezoelectric element that can recognize both the front and back blood vessel walls in the traveling direction of the pulse wave, and calculate the blood vessel diameter based on the selected piezoelectric element. It is characterized by.
- the piezoelectric element that can be recognized by the blood vessel wall is selected from those having the largest difference between the blood vessel walls on the front side and the back side, and a pulse voltage is applied in several times from the selected piezoelectric element.
- the blood vessel diameter may be calculated from the maximum value and the minimum value at that time.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG. 1 for explaining the configuration of an oscillation unit.
- the measurement object is a wrist radial artery B
- the blood vessel diameter is measured using a pulse echo method
- the blood vessel diameter of a living body is measured using this ultrasonic probe. A method will be described.
- P is an ultrasonic probe according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the ultrasonic probe P is composed of, for example, a mixed part of metal powder and epoxy resin, and is laminated on one side of the backing material 1 that efficiently irradiates ultrasonic waves toward the blood vessel, and is applied with a pulse voltage.
- An oscillation / reception unit 2 that oscillates a pulse wave toward the blood vessel B and receives a reflected wave that collides with the blood vessel B and reflects it, and a laminating direction of the oscillation / reception unit 2 on the backing material 1 will be described later.
- an acoustic lens 3 that covers the upper surface of the piezoelectric element 22 of the oscillation / reception unit.
- the oscillation / reception unit 2 includes a ground electrode 21 made of a metal plate stacked on the surface of the backing material 1 and a plurality of piezoelectric elements 22 stacked on the ground electrode 21.
- Each of the piezoelectric elements 22 has a thickness of 80 to 120 ⁇ m (preferably 90 ⁇ m), and is made of, for example, a solid solution of lead magnesium niobate / lead titanate. As shown in FIG.
- each piezoelectric element 22 realizes a function of oscillating an ultrasonic wave toward the blood vessel B and a function of receiving a reflected wave that collides with the blood vessel B and is reflected.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and it is only necessary that the piezoelectric element 22 of the oscillating unit is formed as described above, and the oscillating unit and the receiving unit may be configured as separate members.
- the acoustic lens 3 is made of a material having an appropriate acoustic impedance on the surface of an ultrasonic oscillation surface such as polyvinylidene fluoride, and has a convex shape with respect to the oscillation direction.
- the maximum thickness of the acoustic lens 3 is in the range of 10 to 30 ⁇ m, preferably 30 ⁇ m.
- the oscillated ultrasonic wave can be focused and a stronger reflected signal can be obtained.
- the case where each of the piezoelectric elements 22 is covered has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the embodiment covers a plurality of piezoelectric elements adjacent to each other and the entire oscillation / reception unit. You can use what is covered with one sheet. Moreover, you may further provide the acoustic matching layer outside a figure. In this case, since a well-known acoustic matching layer can be used, detailed description is omitted here.
- Each piezoelectric element 22 is connected to a pulse power source E having a known structure for applying a pulse voltage to the ground electrode 21 via a switching element (not shown), and any one of the piezoelectric elements 22 is connected. In contrast, a predetermined pulse voltage is selectively applied. Accordingly, when a pulse voltage in the range of 40 to 100 V is applied, the piezoelectric element 22 vibrates and an ultrasonic wave of about 20 MHz is irradiated toward the blood vessel B. Each piezoelectric element 22 is connected to a receiver R having a known structure via the amplifier circuit 3.
- the ultrasonic wave irradiated from any one of the piezoelectric elements 22 is reflected by the blood vessel B, and when the reflected wave collides with the piezoelectric element 22, it vibrates, and this vibration is converted into an electric signal and the reflected wave is measured.
- the control means C such as a personal computer is connected to the power source E and the receiver R, and the control of the output voltage and the piezoelectric element 22 from the power source E, the analysis of the reflected wave measured by the receiver R, etc. are comprehensively controlled. It is supposed to be. Below, the measuring method of the blood vessel diameter of the biological body using an ultrasonic probe is demonstrated.
- the oscillating unit 2 is placed in close contact with the skin located on the wrist radial artery B from the acoustic lens 3 side.
- a pulse voltage is applied to any one selected from the piezoelectric elements 22 by appropriately controlling the amplitude and frequency, and the reflected wave at that time is received by the receiver R, and the control means C Then, the received reflected wave is analyzed to determine whether or not the blood vessel B wall exists immediately below the piezoelectric element. In this case, since the analysis and discrimination by the control means C are performed using known dedicated software, detailed description is omitted here. Then, this series of operations is performed on all the remaining piezoelectric elements 22.
- both the blood vessel walls Bw 1 and Bw 2 on the front side and the back side of the traveling direction of the pulse wave in the piezoelectric element 22 can be recognized,
- the piezoelectric element 22 that maximizes the difference between the blood vessel walls Bw1 and Bw2 on the near side and the far side is selected.
- a pulse voltage is applied from the selected piezoelectric element 22 in a plurality of times, and the diameter of the blood vessel B is calculated from the maximum value and the minimum value at that time.
- the diameter of the blood vessel B is measured based on the single piezoelectric element 22 in which the difference between the blood vessel walls Bw1 and Bw2 on the near side and the far side is maximized.
- the present invention is not limited to this. It is not something.
- a plurality of elements that exceed a predetermined threshold value are selected, and the diameter of the blood vessel B is set by the same operation as above. It is also possible to calculate the respective values and average the calculated values to obtain the diameter of the blood vessel B.
- the threshold value may be determined, for example, such as a piezoelectric element that is 80% or more compared to the calculated maximum blood vessel diameter.
- a pulse voltage is applied to any one selected from the piezoelectric elements 22 has been described as an example, but the amplitude and frequency of the plurality of piezoelectric elements 22 are set.
- the pulse voltage may be applied by appropriately controlling.
- the ultrasonic probe P when the ultrasonic probe P is placed on the skin surface by arranging a plurality of piezoelectric elements 22 having a regular hexagonal shape in plan view in a honeycomb shape in the same plane to form the oscillating unit 2, oscillation occurs.
- the part 2 surrounds a certain region immediately above the blood vessel B, and any one of the piezoelectric elements 22 is positioned almost directly above the blood vessel B.
- the piezoelectric element to be identified can be specified.
- the blood vessel diameter can be reliably measured without being affected by the position when the ultrasonic probe P is adhered to the skin surface.
- measurement cannot be performed by moving the arm even a little, whereas in the above embodiment, measurement cannot be performed with a slight movement. It was confirmed that the measurement was continued even while the arm was slowly lowered and raised.
- the present invention can be used for relative measurement of blood pressure. That is, the measured blood vessel diameter is made to correspond to the systolic blood pressure and the systolic blood pressure measured simultaneously with a commercially available sphygmomanometer, and blood pressure comparison calibration data is created. Then, by applying this calibration data and converting the blood vessel diameter obtained from the reflected echo directly into the blood pressure, the blood pressure can be relatively measured only with the probe by determining the blood pressure only with the probe.
- the amplitude and frequency of the reflected wave at the receiving unit can be analyzed and used to measure the elastic modulus of the blood vessel.
- the blood vessel diameter of the same measurement object is periodically measured repeatedly, the blood vessel A change in diameter can also be obtained.
- the blood vessel diameter was measured using a plurality of piezoelectric elements 22 each having a regular hexagonal shape in plan view arranged in a honeycomb shape in the same plane to constitute the oscillation unit 2.
- This measurement method can also be implemented using an ultrasonic probe of another form, for example, a rectangular piezoelectric element arranged in parallel at a predetermined interval.
- P Ultrasonic probe, 1 ... Backing material, 2 ... Oscillator / receiver, 22 ... Piezoelectric element, 3 ... Acoustic lens, B ... Blood vessel, Bw1 ... Blood vessel wall on the near side of blood vessel, Bw2 ... Blood vessel on the deep side of blood vessel Wall, E ... power supply, R ... receiver.
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Abstract
Provided is an ultrasonic probe which is capable of reliably measuring a blood vessel diameter without being influenced by the position of the ultrasonic probe when placed on the surface of the skin. This ultrasonic probe (P) for measuring a diameter of a blood vessel (B) of a living subject using the pulse-echo method comprises an oscillating unit (2) to which a pulse voltage is applied such that the oscillating unit (2) generates a pulse wave toward the blood vessel, and a reception unit (3) which receives a reflected wave that impinges on and is reflected by the blood vessel. The oscillating unit comprises a plurality of piezoelectric elements (22) which are regular hexagonal in plan view arranged in a honeycomb in the same plane, wherein the pulse voltage is selectively applied to each of the piezoelectric elements by a pulsed power supply (E).
Description
本発明は、生体の血管、特に、手首梼骨動脈の血管径を、パルスエコー法を用いて測定するための超音波プローブ及びこの超音波プローブを用いた生体の血管径の測定方法に関する。
The present invention relates to an ultrasonic probe for measuring a blood vessel of a living body, in particular, a blood vessel diameter of a wrist radial artery using a pulse echo method, and a measuring method of a blood vessel diameter of the living body using this ultrasonic probe.
従来、上記種の超音波プローブは、例えば非特許文献１で知られている。この超音波プローブは、バッキング材と、バッキング材の片面に積層され、パルス電圧が印加されて血管に向けてパルス波を発振する発振部と、バッキング材への発振部の積層方向を上として、当該発振部上に積層され、血管に衝突して反射する反射波を受信する受信部（信号電極）と、この信号電極上に配置される音響レンズとを備える。発振部は、板状の接地電極上に、平面視矩形の圧電素子をその長手方向に直交する方向に等間隔で列設して構成されている。そして、圧電素子にパルス電圧を印加し、そのときの反射波を測定し、この測定した反射波を解析して当該圧電素子直下における血管径がパルスエコー法により測定される。
Conventionally, an ultrasonic probe of the above kind is known from Non-Patent Document 1, for example. This ultrasonic probe is laminated on a backing material, one side of the backing material, an oscillating unit that oscillates a pulse wave toward a blood vessel when a pulse voltage is applied, and a laminating direction of the oscillating unit on the backing material, A receiving unit (signal electrode) that is stacked on the oscillation unit and receives a reflected wave that collides with a blood vessel and reflects, and an acoustic lens disposed on the signal electrode. The oscillating portion is configured by arranging rectangular piezoelectric elements in plan view on a plate-like ground electrode at equal intervals in a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal direction. Then, a pulse voltage is applied to the piezoelectric element, the reflected wave at that time is measured, the measured reflected wave is analyzed, and the blood vessel diameter immediately below the piezoelectric element is measured by the pulse echo method.
ここで、測定対象を手首梼骨動脈とした場合、この手首梼骨動脈の血管径は２～４ｍｍの範囲と非常に小さく、超音波プローブを、上記血管の直上に位置する皮膚表面に載置させる際（一般には、音響レンズ部を皮膚表面に接着させる）、目視で確認しながら、血管直上に正確に位置決めしてセットすることは事実上困難である。このため、上記従来例の如く、矩形の圧電素子を所定の隙間を存して並設して発振部を構成すると、血管直上に当該隙間が位置する場合が生じる。このような場合、反射波がぼやけて血管径の判別ができないという問題がある。しかも、測定中に、少しでも腕を動かすと、反射波が受信できないという問題もある。
Here, when the measurement object is the wrist radial artery, the wrist radial artery has a very small blood vessel diameter of 2 to 4 mm, and the ultrasonic probe is placed on the skin surface directly above the blood vessel. It is practically difficult to accurately position and set directly on the blood vessel while visually confirming (in general, the acoustic lens part is adhered to the skin surface). For this reason, when the oscillating portion is formed by arranging rectangular piezoelectric elements in parallel with a predetermined gap as in the conventional example, the gap may be located immediately above the blood vessel. In such a case, there is a problem that the reflected wave is blurred and the blood vessel diameter cannot be determined. Moreover, there is also a problem that the reflected wave cannot be received if the arm is moved even a little during measurement.
なお、生体の血管、特に手首梼骨動脈においる血管直上に配置してこの血管径を、パルスエコー法を用いて測定するための超音波プローブに関する特許文献は不知である。
It should be noted that there is no known patent document relating to an ultrasound probe that is placed directly on a blood vessel in a living body, particularly a blood vessel in the wrist radial artery, and measures the blood vessel diameter using the pulse echo method.
本発明は、以上の点に鑑み、超音波プローブを皮膚表面に載置したときの位置の影響を受けずに、血管径を確実に測定することができるようにした超音波プローブ及びこの超音波プローブを用いた生体の血管径の測定方法を提供することをその課題とするものである。
In view of the above points, the present invention provides an ultrasonic probe capable of reliably measuring the diameter of a blood vessel without being affected by the position when the ultrasonic probe is placed on the skin surface, and the ultrasonic wave. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring a blood vessel diameter of a living body using a probe.
上記課題を解決するために、本発明は、生体の血管径を、パルスエコー法を用いて測定するための超音波プローブであって、パルス電圧が印加されて血管に向けて超音波を発振する発振部と、血管に衝突して反射する反射波を受信する受信部とを備えたものにおいて、前記発振部は、平面視正六角形の圧電素子の複数を同一平面内でハニカム状に配置したものであり、各圧電素子の夫々に選択的にパルス電圧が印加されるように構成したことを特徴とする。
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is an ultrasonic probe for measuring a blood vessel diameter of a living body using a pulse echo method, and oscillates an ultrasonic wave toward a blood vessel by applying a pulse voltage. An oscillation unit and a reception unit that receives a reflected wave that collides with a blood vessel and reflects the oscillation unit, wherein the oscillation unit includes a plurality of regular hexagonal piezoelectric elements arranged in a plane in the same plane. The pulse voltage is selectively applied to each piezoelectric element.
本発明によれば、平面視正六角形の圧電素子の複数を同一平面内でハニカム状に配置して発振部を構成することで、超音波プローブを皮膚表面に載置すると、発振部が血管直上を含む一定領域を囲い、いずれかの圧電素子が当該血管の略直上に位置するようになる。そして、各圧電素子の夫々に選択的にパルス電圧を印加し、当該圧電素子を振動させて血管に向けて超音波を発振できる構成としたため、個々の圧電素子にパルス電圧を印加し、そのときの反射波を測定すれば、その結果から血管の略直上に位置する圧電素子を特定することができる。その結果、超音波プローブを皮膚表面に載置したときの位置の影響を受けずに、血管径を確実に測定することができる。なお、受信部も平面視正六角形の圧電素子の複数を同一平面内でハニカム状に配置して構成でき、また、発振部と受信部と一体に形成してもよい。
According to the present invention, when an ultrasonic probe is placed on the skin surface by arranging a plurality of piezoelectric elements having a regular hexagonal shape in plan view in a honeycomb shape in the same plane to form an oscillating unit, the oscillating unit is directly above the blood vessel. One of the piezoelectric elements is positioned almost immediately above the blood vessel. In addition, a pulse voltage is selectively applied to each piezoelectric element, and the piezoelectric element is vibrated to generate an ultrasonic wave toward the blood vessel. Therefore, a pulse voltage is applied to each piezoelectric element, If the reflected wave is measured, it is possible to identify the piezoelectric element located almost immediately above the blood vessel from the result. As a result, the blood vessel diameter can be reliably measured without being affected by the position when the ultrasonic probe is placed on the skin surface. The receiving unit can also be configured by arranging a plurality of piezoelectric elements having a regular hexagonal shape in plan view in a honeycomb shape in the same plane, and may be formed integrally with the oscillating unit and the receiving unit.
本発明において、手首梼骨動脈の血管径を測定する場合、各圧電素子の外接円の径を０．２ｍｍ～０．５ｍｍの範囲とし、各圧電素子の一辺間の間隔を０.ｌｍｍ～０．２ｍｍの範囲とし、圧電素子の個数を１０個以上とすることが好ましい。
In the present invention, when measuring the diameter of the wrist radial artery, the diameter of the circumscribed circle of each piezoelectric element is in the range of 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm, and the interval between the sides of each piezoelectric element is 0.1 mm to 0 mm. It is preferable that the range is 2 mm and the number of piezoelectric elements is 10 or more.
また、本発明においては、前記発振部の発振面を覆う音響レンズを更に備えることが好ましい。この場合、音響レンズは、例えば、ポリフッ化ビニリデン等の超音波発振面の表面に適当な音響インピーダンスを持つ素材で構成され、発振方向に対して凸の形状を持つ、厚さの最大値が３０μｍのものとすれば、発振される超音波を集束させ、より強い反射信号を得ることができる。なお、音響レンズとしては、圧電素子を夫々覆うもの、互いに隣接する複数個の圧電素子を覆うものや発振部全体を一枚で覆うものを利用することができる。また、音響整合層を更に備えていてもよい。
In the present invention, it is preferable to further include an acoustic lens that covers the oscillation surface of the oscillation unit. In this case, the acoustic lens is made of a material having an appropriate acoustic impedance on the surface of the ultrasonic oscillation surface such as polyvinylidene fluoride, and has a convex shape with respect to the oscillation direction, and has a maximum thickness of 30 μm. If it is, the oscillated ultrasonic wave can be focused and a stronger reflected signal can be obtained. As the acoustic lens, a lens that covers each of the piezoelectric elements, a lens that covers a plurality of adjacent piezoelectric elements, or a lens that covers the entire oscillating unit with a single sheet can be used. Further, an acoustic matching layer may be further provided.
更に、上記課題を解決するために、パルス電圧が印加されて血管に向けて超音波を発振する発振部と、血管に衝突して反射する反射波を受信する受信部とを備える超音波プローブにより生体の血管径を測定する測定方法であって、発振部を測定しようする生体の血管上に配置し、発振部を構成する複数の圧電素子の中から選択した少なくとも１個に対しパルス電圧を印加してその際の反射波を受信部で受信し、この受信した反射波を解析して当該圧電素子直下に血管壁が存するかを判別し、この判別を全ての圧電素子に対して行い、この得られた全ての結果を基に、圧電素子のうちパルス波の進行方向手前側と奥側の両血管壁が認識できるものを選択し、この選択した圧電素子を基に血管径を算出することを特徴とする。
Further, in order to solve the above-described problem, an ultrasonic probe including an oscillating unit that oscillates an ultrasonic wave toward a blood vessel when a pulse voltage is applied, and a receiving unit that receives a reflected wave that collides with the blood vessel and reflects it is used. A measuring method for measuring a blood vessel diameter of a living body, wherein an oscillating unit is arranged on a blood vessel of a living body to be measured, and a pulse voltage is applied to at least one selected from a plurality of piezoelectric elements constituting the oscillating unit Then, the reflected wave at that time is received by the receiving unit, the received reflected wave is analyzed to determine whether a blood vessel wall exists immediately below the piezoelectric element, and this determination is performed for all the piezoelectric elements. Based on all the obtained results, select a piezoelectric element that can recognize both the front and back blood vessel walls in the traveling direction of the pulse wave, and calculate the blood vessel diameter based on the selected piezoelectric element. It is characterized by.
この場合、前記血管壁が認識できる圧電素子を、手前側と奥側の両血管壁の差が最大となるものの中から選択し、この選択した圧電素子からパルス電圧を複数回に分けて印加し、そのときの最大値と最小値とから血管径を算出すればよい。また、超音波プローブとして、請求項１または請求項２記載のものを用いることが好ましい。
In this case, the piezoelectric element that can be recognized by the blood vessel wall is selected from those having the largest difference between the blood vessel walls on the front side and the back side, and a pulse voltage is applied in several times from the selected piezoelectric element. The blood vessel diameter may be calculated from the maximum value and the minimum value at that time. Moreover, it is preferable to use the ultrasonic probe according to claim 1 or claim 2.
以下、図面を参照して、測定対象を手首梼骨動脈Ｂとし、この血管径を、パルスエコー法を用いて測定するための超音波プローブ及びこの超音波プローブを用いた生体の血管径の測定方法を説明する。
Hereinafter, referring to the drawings, the measurement object is a wrist radial artery B, and the blood vessel diameter is measured using a pulse echo method, and the blood vessel diameter of a living body is measured using this ultrasonic probe. A method will be described.
図１及び図２を参照して、Ｐは、本発明の実施形態の超音波プローブである。超音波プローブＰは、例えば金属粉とエポキシ樹脂の混合部で構成され、超音波を血管に向けて効率よく照射するバッキング材１と、バッキング材１の片面に積層され、パルス電圧が印加されて血管Ｂに向けてパルス波を発振し、血管Ｂに衝突して反射する反射波を受信する発振・受信部２と、バッキング材１への発振・受信部２の積層方向を上として、後述する発振・受信部の圧電素子２２の上面を夫々覆う音響レンズ３とを備える。
1 and 2, P is an ultrasonic probe according to an embodiment of the present invention. The ultrasonic probe P is composed of, for example, a mixed part of metal powder and epoxy resin, and is laminated on one side of the backing material 1 that efficiently irradiates ultrasonic waves toward the blood vessel, and is applied with a pulse voltage. An oscillation / reception unit 2 that oscillates a pulse wave toward the blood vessel B and receives a reflected wave that collides with the blood vessel B and reflects it, and a laminating direction of the oscillation / reception unit 2 on the backing material 1 will be described later. And an acoustic lens 3 that covers the upper surface of the piezoelectric element 22 of the oscillation / reception unit.
発振・受信部２は、バッキング材１表面に積層される金属製板材で構成される接地電極２１と、接地電極２１上に積層される複数個の圧電素子２２とで構成される。圧電素子２２の各々は、厚さが８０～１２０μｍ（好ましくは、９０μｍ）で、例えばマグネシウムニオブ酸鉛・チタン酸鉛固溶体製のものであり、図２に示すように、平面視正六角形の輪郭を有する。この場合、各圧電素子２２の外接円の径を０．２ｍｍ～０．５ｍｍの範囲とし、各圧電素子２２の一辺間の間隔を０.ｌｍｍ～０．２ｍｍの範囲とし、圧電素子２２の個数を１０個以上とされる（本実施形態では、１３個）。なお、本実施形態では、血管Ｂに向けて超音波を発振する機能と、血管Ｂに衝突して反射する反射波を受信する機能とを各圧電素子２２で実現するものを例に説明するが、これに限定されるものではなく、発振部の圧電素子２２が、上記の如く、形成されていればよく、発振部と受信部とは別部材で構成することもできる。
The oscillation / reception unit 2 includes a ground electrode 21 made of a metal plate stacked on the surface of the backing material 1 and a plurality of piezoelectric elements 22 stacked on the ground electrode 21. Each of the piezoelectric elements 22 has a thickness of 80 to 120 μm (preferably 90 μm), and is made of, for example, a solid solution of lead magnesium niobate / lead titanate. As shown in FIG. Have In this case, the diameter of the circumscribed circle of each piezoelectric element 22 is in the range of 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm, the interval between one side of each piezoelectric element 22 is in the range of 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm, and the number of piezoelectric elements 22 is Is 10 or more (in this embodiment, 13). In the present embodiment, an example is described in which each piezoelectric element 22 realizes a function of oscillating an ultrasonic wave toward the blood vessel B and a function of receiving a reflected wave that collides with the blood vessel B and is reflected. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and it is only necessary that the piezoelectric element 22 of the oscillating unit is formed as described above, and the oscillating unit and the receiving unit may be configured as separate members.
また、音響レンズ３は、ポリフッ化ビニリデン等の超音波発振面の表面に適当な音響インピーダンスを持つ素材で構成され、発振方向に対して凸の形状を持つ。また、音響レンズ３の厚さの最大値が１０～３０μｍの範囲、好ましくは、３０μｍのものである。これにより、発振される超音波を集束させ、より強い反射信号を得ることができる。なお、本実施形態では、圧電素子２２を夫々覆うものを例に説明しているが、これに限定されるものではなく、互いに隣接する複数個の圧電素子を覆うものや発振・受信部全体を一枚で覆うものを利用することができる。また、図外の音響整合層を更に備えていてもよい。この場合、音響整合層は公知のものを利用できるため、ここでは詳細な説明を省略する。
The acoustic lens 3 is made of a material having an appropriate acoustic impedance on the surface of an ultrasonic oscillation surface such as polyvinylidene fluoride, and has a convex shape with respect to the oscillation direction. The maximum thickness of the acoustic lens 3 is in the range of 10 to 30 μm, preferably 30 μm. Thereby, the oscillated ultrasonic wave can be focused and a stronger reflected signal can be obtained. In the present embodiment, the case where each of the piezoelectric elements 22 is covered has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the embodiment covers a plurality of piezoelectric elements adjacent to each other and the entire oscillation / reception unit. You can use what is covered with one sheet. Moreover, you may further provide the acoustic matching layer outside a figure. In this case, since a well-known acoustic matching layer can be used, detailed description is omitted here.
また、各圧電素子２２は、接地電極２１との間でパルス電圧を夫々印加する公知の構造のパルス電源Ｅに図示省略のスイッチング素子を介して接続され、各圧電素子２２のうちいずれか１個に対して選択的に所定のパルス電圧が印加されるようになっている。これにより、４０～１００Ｖの範囲のパルス電圧を印加すると、圧電素子２２が振動して約２０ＭＨｚの超音波が血管Ｂに向けて照射される。また、各圧電素子２２は、増幅回路３を介して公知の構造の受信機Ｒに接続されている。そして、いずれかの圧電素子２２から照射された超音波が血管Ｂで反射し、この反射波が当該圧電素子２２に衝突すると、振動し、この振動が電気信号に変換されて反射波が測定される。更に、電源Ｅ及び受信機Ｒには、パーソナルコンピュータ等の制御手段Ｃが接続され、電源Ｅから出力電圧や圧電素子２２の選択、受信機Ｒで測定した反射波の解析等を統括的に制御するようになっている。以下に、超音波プローブを用いた生体の血管径の測定方法を説明する。
Each piezoelectric element 22 is connected to a pulse power source E having a known structure for applying a pulse voltage to the ground electrode 21 via a switching element (not shown), and any one of the piezoelectric elements 22 is connected. In contrast, a predetermined pulse voltage is selectively applied. Accordingly, when a pulse voltage in the range of 40 to 100 V is applied, the piezoelectric element 22 vibrates and an ultrasonic wave of about 20 MHz is irradiated toward the blood vessel B. Each piezoelectric element 22 is connected to a receiver R having a known structure via the amplifier circuit 3. Then, the ultrasonic wave irradiated from any one of the piezoelectric elements 22 is reflected by the blood vessel B, and when the reflected wave collides with the piezoelectric element 22, it vibrates, and this vibration is converted into an electric signal and the reflected wave is measured. The Further, the control means C such as a personal computer is connected to the power source E and the receiver R, and the control of the output voltage and the piezoelectric element 22 from the power source E, the analysis of the reflected wave measured by the receiver R, etc. are comprehensively controlled. It is supposed to be. Below, the measuring method of the blood vessel diameter of the biological body using an ultrasonic probe is demonstrated.
先ず、発振部２を、その音響レンズ３側から手首梼骨動脈Ｂ上に位置する皮膚に密着配置する。次に、各圧電素子２２の中から選択したいずれか１個に対し、その振幅、周波数を適宜制御してパルス電圧を印加し、そのときの反射波を受信機Ｒで受信し、制御手段Ｃでこの受信した反射波を解析して当該圧電素子直下に血管Ｂ壁が存するかを判別する。この場合、制御手段Ｃでの解析や判別は、公知の専用ソフトウェアを用いて行なわるため、ここでは、詳細な説明を省略する。そして、この一連の操作を、残りの全ての圧電素子２２に対して行う。
First, the oscillating unit 2 is placed in close contact with the skin located on the wrist radial artery B from the acoustic lens 3 side. Next, a pulse voltage is applied to any one selected from the piezoelectric elements 22 by appropriately controlling the amplitude and frequency, and the reflected wave at that time is received by the receiver R, and the control means C Then, the received reflected wave is analyzed to determine whether or not the blood vessel B wall exists immediately below the piezoelectric element. In this case, since the analysis and discrimination by the control means C are performed using known dedicated software, detailed description is omitted here. Then, this series of operations is performed on all the remaining piezoelectric elements 22.
全ての圧電素子２２に対し上記操作が終了すると、夫々得られた全ての結果を基に、圧電素子２２のうちパルス波の進行方向手前側と奥側の両血管壁Ｂｗ１、Ｂｗ２が認識でき、かつ、手前側と奥側の両血管壁Ｂｗ１、Ｂｗ２の差が最大となる圧電素子２２を選択する。そして、この選択した圧電素子２２からパルス電圧を複数回に分けて印加し、そのときの最大値と最小値とから血管Ｂの径を算出する。なお、手前側と奥側の両血管壁Ｂｗ１、Ｂｗ２の差が最大となる単一の圧電素子２２を選択して、これを基に血管Ｂの径を測定しているが、これに限定されるものではない。例えば、進行方向手前側と奥側の両血管壁Ｂｗ１、Ｂｗ２が認識できる圧電素子２２のうち、予め設定された所定閾値を超えるものを複数選択し、上記と同様の操作で血管Ｂの径を夫々算出し、算出したものを平均化して血管Ｂの径とすることもできる。閾値は、例えば、算出された最大血管径と比較して例えば８０％以上となる圧電素子、というように決定すればよい。また、上記実施形態では、各圧電素子２２の中から選択したいずれか１個に対しパルス電圧を印加していくものを例に説明したが、複数の圧電素子２２に対してその振幅、周波数を適宜制御してパルス電圧を印加するようにしてもよい。
When the above operation is completed for all the piezoelectric elements 22, based on all the obtained results, both the blood vessel walls Bw 1 and Bw 2 on the front side and the back side of the traveling direction of the pulse wave in the piezoelectric element 22 can be recognized, In addition, the piezoelectric element 22 that maximizes the difference between the blood vessel walls Bw1 and Bw2 on the near side and the far side is selected. Then, a pulse voltage is applied from the selected piezoelectric element 22 in a plurality of times, and the diameter of the blood vessel B is calculated from the maximum value and the minimum value at that time. Note that the diameter of the blood vessel B is measured based on the single piezoelectric element 22 in which the difference between the blood vessel walls Bw1 and Bw2 on the near side and the far side is maximized. However, the present invention is not limited to this. It is not something. For example, among the piezoelectric elements 22 that can be recognized by the blood vessel walls Bw1 and Bw2 on the front side and the back side in the advancing direction, a plurality of elements that exceed a predetermined threshold value are selected, and the diameter of the blood vessel B is set by the same operation as above. It is also possible to calculate the respective values and average the calculated values to obtain the diameter of the blood vessel B. The threshold value may be determined, for example, such as a piezoelectric element that is 80% or more compared to the calculated maximum blood vessel diameter. In the above-described embodiment, the case where a pulse voltage is applied to any one selected from the piezoelectric elements 22 has been described as an example, but the amplitude and frequency of the plurality of piezoelectric elements 22 are set. The pulse voltage may be applied by appropriately controlling.
上記実施形態によれば、平面視正六角形の圧電素子２２の複数を同一平面内でハニカム状に配置して発振部２を構成することで、超音波プローブＰを皮膚表面に載置すると、発振部２が血管Ｂ直上の一定領域を囲い、いずれかの圧電素子２２が当該血管Ｂの略直上に位置するようになる。そして、各圧電素子２２の夫々に選択的にパルス電圧を印加できる構成としたため、個々の圧電素子２２にパルス電圧を印加し、そのときの反射波を測定すれば、血管Ｂの略直上に位置する圧電素子を特定することができる。その結果、超音波プローブＰを皮膚表面に接着させたときの位置の影響を受けずに、血管径を確実に測定することができる。また、上記従来例（矩形の圧電素子を所定間隔で並設したもの）では、少しでも腕を動かすと測定ができなくなるのに対し、上記実施形態のものでは、多少の緩やかな動きでは測定不能にはならず、腕をゆっくり下げる、上げるといった動作を行っている最中でも測定を継続することが確認できた。
According to the above-described embodiment, when the ultrasonic probe P is placed on the skin surface by arranging a plurality of piezoelectric elements 22 having a regular hexagonal shape in plan view in a honeycomb shape in the same plane to form the oscillating unit 2, oscillation occurs. The part 2 surrounds a certain region immediately above the blood vessel B, and any one of the piezoelectric elements 22 is positioned almost directly above the blood vessel B. And since it was set as the structure which can apply a pulse voltage selectively to each piezoelectric element 22, if a pulse voltage is applied to each piezoelectric element 22, and the reflected wave at that time is measured, it will be located in the blood vessel B just above. The piezoelectric element to be identified can be specified. As a result, the blood vessel diameter can be reliably measured without being affected by the position when the ultrasonic probe P is adhered to the skin surface. In the above conventional example (rectangular piezoelectric elements arranged in parallel at a predetermined interval), measurement cannot be performed by moving the arm even a little, whereas in the above embodiment, measurement cannot be performed with a slight movement. It was confirmed that the measurement was continued even while the arm was slowly lowered and raised.
以上、本発明の実施形態について説明したが、本発明は上記実施形態に限定されるものではない。上記実施形態では、血管径を測定するものを例に説明したが、本発明は、血圧の相対的な測定に利用することができる。即ち、測定した血管径の大きさを、市販血圧計で同時に計測した最高血圧と最低血圧に対応させ、血圧の比較校正データを作る。そして、この校正データを適用し、反射エコーから得られた血管径を直接血圧に変換することにより、プローブのみで血圧を決定することで、プローブのみで血圧を相対的に測定することができる。また、受信部での反射波の振幅や周波数を解析して血管の弾性率の測定に利用することもでき、他方、同一の測定対象の血管径を定期的に繰り返し測定しておけば、血管径の変化も得ることができる。
As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment. In the above embodiment, the example of measuring a blood vessel diameter has been described, but the present invention can be used for relative measurement of blood pressure. That is, the measured blood vessel diameter is made to correspond to the systolic blood pressure and the systolic blood pressure measured simultaneously with a commercially available sphygmomanometer, and blood pressure comparison calibration data is created. Then, by applying this calibration data and converting the blood vessel diameter obtained from the reflected echo directly into the blood pressure, the blood pressure can be relatively measured only with the probe by determining the blood pressure only with the probe. In addition, the amplitude and frequency of the reflected wave at the receiving unit can be analyzed and used to measure the elastic modulus of the blood vessel. On the other hand, if the blood vessel diameter of the same measurement object is periodically measured repeatedly, the blood vessel A change in diameter can also be obtained.
更に、上記実施形態では、平面視正六角形の圧電素子２２の複数を同一平面内でハニカム状に配置して発振部２を構成したものを用いて血管径を測定したが、本発明の血管径の測定方法は、他の形態の超音波プローブ、例えば、矩形の圧電素子を所定間隔で並設したものを用いても実施することができる。
Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the blood vessel diameter was measured using a plurality of piezoelectric elements 22 each having a regular hexagonal shape in plan view arranged in a honeycomb shape in the same plane to constitute the oscillation unit 2. This measurement method can also be implemented using an ultrasonic probe of another form, for example, a rectangular piezoelectric element arranged in parallel at a predetermined interval.
Ｐ…超音波プローブ、１…バッキング材、２…発振・受信部、２２…圧電素子、３…音響レンズ、Ｂ…血管、Ｂｗ1…血管の手前側の血管壁、Ｂｗ２…血管の奥側の血管壁、Ｅ…電源、Ｒ…受信機。
P ... Ultrasonic probe, 1 ... Backing material, 2 ... Oscillator / receiver, 22 ... Piezoelectric element, 3 ... Acoustic lens, B ... Blood vessel, Bw1 ... Blood vessel wall on the near side of blood vessel, Bw2 ... Blood vessel on the deep side of blood vessel Wall, E ... power supply, R ... receiver.
Claims (5)
- 生体の血管径を、パルスエコー法を用いて測定するための超音波プローブであって、
パルス電圧が印加されて血管に向けて超音波を発振する発振部と、血管に衝突して反射する反射波を受信する受信部とを備えたものにおいて、
前記発振部は、平面視正六角形の圧電素子の複数を同一平面内でハニカム状に配置したものであり、各圧電素子の夫々に選択的にパルス電圧が印加されるように構成したことを特徴とする超音波プローブ。 An ultrasonic probe for measuring a blood vessel diameter of a living body using a pulse echo method,
In what comprises an oscillating unit that oscillates an ultrasonic wave toward a blood vessel when a pulse voltage is applied, and a receiving unit that receives a reflected wave that collides with the blood vessel and reflects,
The oscillating unit is configured such that a plurality of regular hexagonal piezoelectric elements in a plan view are arranged in a honeycomb shape within the same plane, and a pulse voltage is selectively applied to each piezoelectric element. Ultrasonic probe. - 前記発振部の発振面を覆う音響レンズを更に備えることを特徴とする請求項１記載の超音波プローブ。 The ultrasonic probe according to claim 1, further comprising an acoustic lens that covers an oscillation surface of the oscillation unit.
- パルス電圧が印加されて血管に向けて超音波を発振する発振部と、血管に衝突して反射する反射波を受信する受信部とを備える超音波プローブにより生体の血管径を測定する測定方法であって、
発振部を測定しようする生体の血管上に配置し、発振部を構成する複数の圧電素子の中から選択した少なくとも１個に対しパルス電圧を印加してその際の反射波を受信部で受信し、この受信した反射波を解析して当該圧電素子直下に血管壁が存するかを判別し、この判別を全ての圧電素子に対して行い、この得られた全ての結果を基に、圧電素子のうちパルス波の進行方向手前側と奥側の両血管壁が認識できるものを選択し、この選択した圧電素子を基に血管径を算出することを特徴とする血管径の測定方法。 A measurement method for measuring a blood vessel diameter of a living body with an ultrasonic probe including an oscillating unit that oscillates an ultrasonic wave toward a blood vessel when a pulse voltage is applied and a receiving unit that receives a reflected wave that collides with the blood vessel and reflects. There,
The oscillating unit is placed on a blood vessel of a living body to be measured, a pulse voltage is applied to at least one selected from a plurality of piezoelectric elements constituting the oscillating unit, and the reflected wave at that time is received by the receiving unit. The received reflected wave is analyzed to determine whether a blood vessel wall exists immediately below the piezoelectric element, and this determination is performed for all the piezoelectric elements. Based on all the obtained results, A blood vessel diameter measuring method comprising: selecting a blood vessel wall that can recognize both the front and back blood vessel walls in the traveling direction of a pulse wave, and calculating a blood vessel diameter based on the selected piezoelectric element. - 前記血管壁が認識できる圧電素子を、手前側と奥側の両血管壁の差が最大となるものの中から選択し、この選択した圧電素子からパルス電圧を複数回に分けて印加し、そのときの最大値と最小値とから血管径を算出することを特徴とする請求項４記載の血管径の測定方法。 The piezoelectric element that can be recognized by the blood vessel wall is selected from those having the largest difference between the blood vessel walls on the front side and the rear side, and a pulse voltage is applied in several times from the selected piezoelectric element. 5. The blood vessel diameter measuring method according to claim 4, wherein the blood vessel diameter is calculated from the maximum value and the minimum value.
- 前記超音波プローブとして、請求項１または請求項２記載のものを用いることを特徴とする請求項３または請求項４記載の血管径の測定方法。 The blood vessel diameter measuring method according to claim 3 or claim 4, wherein the ultrasonic probe is one according to claim 1 or claim 2.
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20160088918A (en) | 2016-07-26 |
| JPWO2015075863A1 (en) | 2017-03-16 |
| JP6197046B2 (en) | 2017-09-13 |
| CN105792755B (en) | 2018-11-02 |
| CN105792755A (en) | 2016-07-20 |
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