WO2015074168A1 - 分层越浪式波能发电装置 - Google Patents

分层越浪式波能发电装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015074168A1
WO2015074168A1 PCT/CN2013/001534 CN2013001534W WO2015074168A1 WO 2015074168 A1 WO2015074168 A1 WO 2015074168A1 CN 2013001534 W CN2013001534 W CN 2013001534W WO 2015074168 A1 WO2015074168 A1 WO 2015074168A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wave
power generation
cover plate
generation device
energy power
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2013/001534
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘臻
史宏达
赵环宇
王东
吕小龙
李彦平
曲娜
宋京晖
Original Assignee
中国海洋大学
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201310595784.2A external-priority patent/CN103573543B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201320741000.8U external-priority patent/CN203809203U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201310590330.6A external-priority patent/CN103573542B/zh
Priority claimed from CN201320740999.4U external-priority patent/CN203809200U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201320740310.8U external-priority patent/CN203847316U/zh
Application filed by 中国海洋大学 filed Critical 中国海洋大学
Priority to GB1508275.3A priority Critical patent/GB2536071B/en
Publication of WO2015074168A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015074168A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/141—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy with a static energy collector
    • F03B13/144—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy with a static energy collector which lifts water above sea level
    • F03B13/145—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy with a static energy collector which lifts water above sea level for immediate use in an energy converter
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of wave energy power generation technology, in particular to a layered wave-type wave energy power generation device capable of autonomously adapting to changes in tidal range and improving power generation efficiency.
  • the high-power beach-type wave power station is still dominated by oscillating water column type.
  • the oscillating water column wave energy generating device has fewer underwater moving parts, and the device has high reliability, but its energy conversion efficiency is too low, and can only reach 10% ⁇ 15. %, so the output power of the shore device is difficult to reach a high level.
  • the shore device is limited to a fixed position, and its wave energy utilization rate is lower than that of the deep water area. At the same time, it is also restricted by many factors such as shoreline topography, tidal range and coastal protection.
  • the wave-wave power generation device developed in the past has poor adaptability to tidal level changes, which will seriously affect the working heads that are extremely sensitive to water level changes, resulting in short effective working hours, overall working efficiency and average power generation output level. A lower level.
  • Most of the power generation heads of the wave-type wave energy devices mainly rely on the incident wave exceeding the rated flow rate of the device. This type of water storage method requires higher incident wave conditions. Due to the randomness and irregularity of the incident wave, the above-mentioned head-holding mode works well only under high-wave conditions. Therefore, it is applied more in regions with higher wave energy density in Europe, but the wave energy period in China is short. In the case of small wave heights, the overall utilization rate is low.
  • the ⁇ invention patent discloses a cross-wave type wave power generation device which adopts a single-layer structure design, has poor adaptability to tidal level changes, has high requirements for incident wave conditions, and has low power generation efficiency. Moreover, it belongs to a floating wave power generation device, which is generally placed in a deep water area. The living environment is extremely harsh, it is highly prone to damage, and the environmental adaptability is low. It is difficult to install and recycle.
  • the present invention proposes a layered over-wave type wave energy generating device which is highly adaptable to tidal level changes and has a high wave energy conversion rate.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is: a layered wave-over wave power generation device, comprising an energy storage mechanism, a self-opening mechanism, a hydroelectric power generation mechanism and a working platform; wherein:
  • the energy storage mechanism is a layered structure, comprising two upper and lower semi-circular platform type hollow reservoirs, respectively an upper reservoir and a lower reservoir; the top of the upper reservoir is provided with a water inlet port, and an upper and a lower reservoir There is a semi-annular gap between the inlets of the lower reservoir and a water outlet at the bottom of the lower reservoir;
  • the self-opening and closing mechanism comprises a driving motor, a screw jack, a cover plate, a pipe raft and a controller; Do not fix the cover plate A and the cover plate B for closing the water outlet B.
  • the cover plate is provided with a water outlet A communicating with the pipe A, and the water outlet A is provided with a cover plate C, and the pipe A is located at the upper and lower reservoirs. between.
  • the screw jack includes a screw jack A and a screw jack B.
  • the driving motor is respectively connected to the screw jack A and the screw jack B through a coupling, and the lifting rod A of the screw jack A is connected with the cover C, and the spiral
  • the lifting rod B of the lifter B is connected to the cover plate A
  • the controller is electrically connected to the driving motor
  • the hydraulic power generating mechanism comprises a pipe B, a water turbine and a generator, the upper end of the pipe B is connected to the water outlet B, and the lower end introduces the wave energy
  • a "Z"-shaped curve is arranged at the upper end of the pipe B, and an "L"-shaped curve is provided at the lower end, and an "L”-shaped curve is introduced into the rear side of the wave energy generating device, and the generator is mounted on the working platform.
  • the turbine is located at the corner of the "L” shaped curve, and the axle of the turbine is connected to the input shaft of the generator;
  • the working platform is installed above the water inlet A of the energy storage mechanism.
  • the ramps on the outer side of the upper and lower reservoirs of the energy storage mechanism are provided with a plurality of wedge-shaped ramps evenly divided by the wind deflector.
  • the wedge ramp has a slope of 2:3 and is suitable for wave climbing and climbing.
  • the wind deflector is a trapezoidal shape, preferably an irregular trapezoid.
  • the upper and lower reservoirs are respectively provided with internal tidal wells, and the outer side of the wave energy generating device is provided with a lateral tidal well, and the inner and outer tidal wells are provided with a water level sensor, a water level sensor and the self
  • the controller of the opening and closing mechanism is electrically connected.
  • the driving motor of the self-closing mechanism, the screw jack ⁇ and the head of the screw jack ⁇ are all mounted on the working platform, and the lifting rod A of the screw jack A is connected to the cover plate C through the working platform, and the spiral The lifting rod B of the lifter B is connected to the cover plate A through the working platform.
  • the number of the screw jacks B207 is two, and is symmetrically disposed on the left and right sides of the coupling.
  • the hydroelectric power plant also includes a battery pack electrically coupled to the generator, the battery pack being located on the work platform.
  • the water turbine is an axial flow turbine.
  • the layered wave-wave power generation device of the present invention further includes a support mechanism, the support mechanism includes a base and a pile, the base is fixed on the bedrock, the piles are evenly distributed on the base, one end is connected to the base, and the other end is connected to the base.
  • the bottom of the lower reservoir of the agency includes a support mechanism, the support mechanism includes a base and a pile, the base is fixed on the bedrock, the piles are evenly distributed on the base, one end is connected to the base, and the other end is connected to the base.
  • the working platform is fixedly connected to the upper reservoir by a support member.
  • a protective cover for protecting the components on the work platform is provided outside the work platform.
  • the energy storage mechanism is designed to be combined with a breakwater and a bank protection project because the outer side is designed as a slope. It can be installed at the embankment lighthouse of the anti-slope.
  • the passive energy dissipation of the breakwater can be changed to the active energy absorption of the over-wave type device.
  • the wave load of the offshore construction can be alleviated and the reliability can be increased.
  • the wave energy device can directly provide power to the lighthouse at the embankment. Hold, to achieve true all-weather green power supply.
  • the wave guide plate not only prevents the waves from falling to the sides during the wave climbing process, but also captures the wave energy as much as possible, and is beneficial to increase the wave height during the wave climbing process.
  • the device without the guide vane basically only has the positive wave into the reservoir, the phenomenon that the wave slides down the slope and then slides to the sides, and the water body enters the reservoir every time. Not many, it takes a long time to fill the entire reservoir, and the waves are easily broken during the climbing process, and the energy loss is large.
  • the use of a wave guide can effectively increase the amount of forward waves (20 to 30% increase), reduce the back slope and reduce the rear wave energy concentration.
  • the self-opening and closing mechanism communicates with the upper and lower reservoirs of the energy storage mechanism, and when all the self-closing mechanisms are closed, the upper and lower reservoirs all enter the water storage state.
  • the cover B is opened by the screw lifter (delayed off), and the upper reservoir is connected to the pipeline B through the pipeline A to realize the discharge of the upper reservoir, at which time the lower reservoir is ( Close) In the submerged state, there is no direct access between the upper and lower reservoirs, and the upper reservoir does not return to the sea through the lower reservoir.
  • the cover B, the cover A and the pipe A are jointly lifted by the screw lifter (delayed off), and the lower reservoir outlet B communicates with the pipe B to realize the lower reservoir. Release water to generate electricity.
  • the upper reservoir is also not connected to the lower reservoir, thereby realizing the independent storage of the upper and lower reservoirs, but the idea of sharing the water from the pipeline B. Since the opening and closing mechanism ensures that each water body backflow impact drives the turbine under the rated working head condition, it will effectively improve the power generation output level and energy conversion efficiency of the device.
  • the "Z" shaped curve of the hydroelectric power generation mechanism is mainly to avoid conflict with the self-opening mechanism and to install the generator on the upper part of the wave energy generating device.
  • the design of the "L" curve is directed to the rear side of the bottom of the wave energy generator. The purpose is to avoid reverse recirculation caused by wave currents and the like, affecting the working state of the turbine.
  • the supporting mechanism is a concrete weighted block pre-buried pile column structure, has good structural integrity, high stability, and is convenient for workers to berth and facilitate maintenance and repair. Compared with the "L" type caisson structure, it can be applied to deep water depth areas, does not occupy shoreline resources for a long time, does not consume disposable energy, and has no exhaust gas, noise and dust, and does not cause damage to the environment.
  • the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
  • the layered over-wave energy storage mechanism provided by the invention corresponds to different design water level and incident wave condition, thereby ensuring the self-adaptation of the wave energy device to the tidal level transformation, and improving the total energy conversion of the device, unit
  • the time power generation amount will be significantly improved;
  • the self-opening and closing mechanism provided by the present invention controls the water storage tank to impact the water turbine only when the water is fully loaded.
  • each power generation water head can be maintained under ideal conditions.
  • the layered over-the-wave energy storage mechanism provided by the invention can be fixed not only on the shore but also in the deep sea area.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a partial structural view of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of Figure 1 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a self-opening and closing mechanism in the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of a working platform in the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the working state of the high water level in the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the working state at a low water level in the present invention.
  • the present invention includes an energy storage mechanism, a self-closing mechanism, a hydroelectric power generation mechanism, and a work platform 401.
  • the energy storage mechanism is a layered structure, including two upper and lower semi-circular type hollow reservoirs, namely an upper reservoir 101 and a lower reservoir 102; an upper reservoir 101
  • the top is provided with a water inlet A103, and a semi-annular space is provided between the upper and lower water reservoirs, which is a water inlet B104 of the lower water storage tank 102, and a water outlet B105 is provided at the bottom of the lower water storage tank 102.
  • the self-opening and closing mechanism includes a driving motor 201, a screw jack, a cover plate and a pipe A202; and a cover plate A203 and a cover plate for closing the water outlet B105 are respectively fixed at both ends of the pipe A202.
  • the cover plate A203 is provided with a water outlet A110 communicating with the pipe A202
  • the water outlet A110 is provided with a cover plate C205
  • the pipe A202 is located between the upper and lower water reservoirs.
  • the screw lifter includes a screw lifter A206 and a screw lifter B207.
  • the drive motor 201 is connected to the screw lifter A206 and the screw lifter B207 through the coupling 208, and the lift rod A209 of the screw lifter A206 is connected with the cover plate C205, and the spiral
  • the lifting rod B210 of the lifter B207 is connected to the cover plate A203, and the controller is electrically connected to the drive motor 201.
  • the hydroelectric power generation mechanism includes a pipeline B301, a water turbine 302 and a generator 303.
  • the upper end of the pipeline B301 communicates with the water outlet B105, the lower end is introduced into the bottom of the wave energy generating device, and the upper end of the pipeline B301 is provided with a "Z"-shaped curve 304.
  • the lower end is provided with an "L"-shaped curve 305, the "L"-shaped curve 305 is introduced to the rear side of the wave energy generating device, the generator 303 is mounted on the working platform 401, and the water turbine 302 is disposed at the corner of the "L"-shaped curve 305.
  • the axle of the turbine 302 is coupled to the input shaft of the generator 03.
  • the work platform 401 is mounted above the water inlet A103 of the energy storage mechanism.
  • a plurality of wedge ramps 107 are evenly divided by the wind deflector 106 on the outer side slope of the upper and lower reservoirs of the energy storage mechanism.
  • the wedge ramp 107 has a slope of 2:3 and is suitable for wave climbing and climbing.
  • the wave guide 106 is an irregular quadrilateral, preferably an irregular trapezoid.
  • Water level sensors are provided in the inner and outer tidal wells, the water level sensor and the self-opening and closing The controller of the mechanism is electrically connected.
  • the driving motor 201 of the self-closing mechanism, the screw jack A206 and the nose of the screw jack B207 are all mounted on the working platform 401, and the lifting rod A209 of the screw jack A206 passes through the working platform 401.
  • the lifting rod B210 of the screw jack B207 is connected to the cover plate A203 through the work platform 401.
  • the number of the screw lifters B207 is two, symmetrically placed on the left and right sides of the coupling.
  • the hydroelectric generating mechanism includes a battery pack 306 electrically connected to the generator 303, and the battery pack 306 is located on the work platform 401.
  • the turbine is an axial flow turbine.
  • the present invention further includes a supporting mechanism.
  • the supporting mechanism includes a base 502 and a pile 501.
  • the base 502 is fixed on the bedrock.
  • the pile 501 is evenly distributed on the base 502, and one end is connected to the base 502, and the other end is connected.
  • the work platform 401 is fixedly coupled to the upper reservoir 101 via a support member 402.
  • a protective cover for protecting the upper part of the work platform 401 is provided outside the work platform 401.
  • the controller controls the drive.
  • the motor 201 is started,
  • the driving motor 201 drives the screw jack A206 and the screw jack B207 to work, and simultaneously drives the cover plate C205 and the cover plate B204 to rise, the cover plate B204 drives the pipe A202 and the cover plate A203 to rise, and the lower reservoir 102 discharges the water to the pipe B301.
  • the water turbine 302 and the water turbine 302 drive the generator 303 to generate electricity.
  • seawater enters the upper reservoir 101 along the wedge ramp 107 from the upper reservoir 10] into the water inlet A103, and enters the lower reservoir 102 from the water inlet B104.
  • the controller controls the driving motor 201 to start, the driving motor 201 drives the screw hoist A206 to work, drives the cover plate C205 to rise, and the upper cistern 101 effluent impacts the water turbine 302 through the pipe A202 and the pipe B301.
  • the turbine 302 drives the generator 303 to generate electricity.
  • the controller controls the driving motor 201 to drive the screw lifter A206 and the screw lifter B207 to work, and simultaneously drives the cover plate C205 and the cover plate B204 to rise, and the cover plate B204 drives the pipe A202.
  • the cover plate A203 then rises, and the lower reservoir 102 discharges water to the pipe B301 to impact the turbine 302.
  • the turbine 302 drives the generator 303 to generate electricity.

Abstract

一种分层越浪式波能发电装置，其包括蓄能机构、自启闭机构、水力发电机构和工作平台（401）；所述自启闭机构包括驱动电机（201）、螺旋升降器、盖板、管道A（202）和控制器；管道A（202）两端分别固接盖板A（203）和用于闭合出水口B（105）的盖板B（204），盖板A（203）上设有与管道A（202）连通的出水口A（110），出水口A（110）上设有盖板C（205），管道A（202）位于上下蓄水池之间。驱动电机（201）通过联轴器（208）分别与螺旋升降器A（206）和螺旋升降器B（207）连接，螺旋升降器A（206）的升降杆A（209）与盖板C（205）连接，螺旋升降器B（207）的升降杆B（210）与盖板A（203）连接，控制器与驱动电机（201）电连接。该装置保证了波能装置对潮位变换的自主适应，提高了装置的能量转换总量，保证每次发电水头均能保持在理想条件下运行，提高了发电效率。

Description

分层越浪式波能发电装置 技术领域
本发明涉及波浪能发电技术领域， 特别涉及一种能自主适应潮差的变化、 提高发电效率 的分层越浪式波能发电装置。
背景技术
目前大功率靠岸式波能电站仍以振荡水柱式为主， 振荡水柱波能发电装置的水下活动部 件少， 装置可靠性高， 但其能量转换效率过低， 只能达到 10%〜15%， 因此岸式装置的输出功率 难以达到较高水平。 而且岸式装置 ώ于固定位置的限制， 与深水区相比其波能利用率较低， 同时还会受到岸线地形、 潮差及海岸保护等多方面因素的制约。
以往研发的越浪型波能发电装置， 对潮位变化适应性很差， 这将严重影响对水位变化极为 敏感的工作水头， 导致装置有效工作时间短， 整体工作效率与时均发电出力水平都处于比较低 的水平。 大多越浪型波能装置的发电水头保持主要依靠入射波越浪量超过装置额定出流量， 该 类蓄水方式对入射波条件要求较高。 ώ于入射波的随机性与不规则性， 导致上述水头保持模式 仅在大浪条件下工作性能较好， 因此在欧洲波浪能流密度较高的区域应用较多， 但在我国波浪 能周期短、 波高小的情况下整体利用率较低。
申请号 201010575362. δ发明专利公开了一种越浪式波浪发电装置， 其采用单层结构设计， 对潮位变化适应性很差， 对入射波条件要求较高， 发电效率较低。 而且其属于漂浮式波浪发电 装置， 一般安置于深水区， 生存环境极端恶劣， 极易发生破坏， 环境适应性较低， 安装布放与 回收均较困难。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题， 本发明提出了一种对潮位变化适应性强， 波能转换率高的分层越 浪式波能发电装置。
本发明的技术方案是： 一种分层越浪式波能发电装置， 包括蓄能机构、 自启闭机构、 水 力发电机构和工作平台； 其中：
所述蓄能机构为分层式结构， 包括上下两层半圆台型中空蓄水池， 分别为上蓄水池和下 蓄水池； 上蓄水池顶部设有入水口 Λ， 上下蓄水池之间设有半环形空隙， 为下蓄水池的入水 口 Β， 下蓄水池的底部设有出水口 Β;
所述自启闭机构， 包括驱动电机、 螺旋升降器、 盖板、 管道 Α和控制器； 管道 A两端分 别固接盖板 A和用于闭合出水口 B的盖板 B， 盖板 Λ上设有与管道 A连通的出水口 A， 出水 口 A上设有盖板 C， 管道 A位于上下蓄水池之间。 所述螺旋升降器包括螺旋升降器 A和螺旋 升降器 B，驱动电机通过联轴器分别与螺旋升降器 A和螺旋升降器 B连接，螺旋升降器 A的升 降杆 A与盖板 C连接， 螺旋升降器 B的升降杆 B与盖板 A连接， 控制器与驱动电机电连接； 所述水力发电机构包括管道 B、 水轮机和发电机， 管道 B的上端连通出水口 B， 下端引 入所述波能发电装置底部， 管道 B上端设有 " Z "形弯道， 下端设有 " L "形弯道， " L "形弯 道引入所述波能发电装置后侧， 发电机安装于所述工作平台上， 水轮机设于 " L " 形弯道的 拐弯处， 水轮机的轮轴与发电机的输入轴连接；
所述工作平台安装于所述蓄能机构的入水口 A上方。
所述蓄能机构的上、 下蓄水池外侧面坡道上设有由导浪板均匀分割成的多个楔形坡道。 所述楔形坡道坡度为 2 : 3， 适于波浪爬升与攀越。
所述导浪板为不规则四边形， 优选不规则梯形。
所述上、 下蓄水池内分别设有内验潮井， 所述波能发电装置外侧设有外验潮井， 内、 外 验潮井内均设有水位感应器， 水位感应器与所述自启闭机构的控制器电连接。
所述自启闭机构的驱动电机、螺旋升降器 Α和螺旋升降器 Β的机头均安装于所述工作平 台上， 螺旋升降器 A的升降杆 A穿过工作平台与盖板 C连接， 螺旋升降器 B的升降杆 B穿过 工作平台与盖板 A连接。
所述螺旋升降器 B207数量为 2个， 对称设置于联轴器的左右两侧。
所述水力发电机构还包括与所述发电机电连接的蓄电池组，所述蓄电池组位于所述工作 平台上。
所述水轮机为轴流式水轮机。
本发明所述分层越浪式波能发电装置还包括支撑机构， 所述支撑机构包括底座和桩柱， 底座固定于基岩上， 桩柱均布在底座上， 一端连接底座， 另一端连接蓄能机构的下蓄水池底 部。
所述工作平台通过支撑件与上蓄水池固定连接。工作平台外部设有用于保护工作平台上 部件的保护罩。
所述蓄能机构， 因其外侧为斜坡设计， 可与防波堤及护岸工程相结合。 可以设置于防坡 堤的堤头灯塔处， 一方面可以变防波堤的被动消能为越浪型装置的主动吸能， 对防波堤而言 可减轻海工建筑的波浪荷载， 增加可靠性。 此外， 波能装置可直接为堤头处灯塔提供电力支 持， 实现真正的全天候绿色供电。
所述导浪板不但可以防止波浪爬升过程中往两侧滑落， 以尽可能多的捕获波浪能， 而且 有利于波浪爬升过程中增加波高。 研究发现： 未设置导流叶片的装置基本只有正向有波浪越 入蓄水池中， 波浪沿坡道爬高后往两侧滑落的现象较严重， 且每次越入蓄水池中的水体并不 多， 灌满整个蓄水池需要较长的时间， 波浪在爬升过程中易破碎， 能量的损耗较大。 采用导 浪板可有效提高正向波浪的越浪量（增加 20〜30%)， 降低侧面坡道回流并减轻后部波能集中 现象。
所述自启闭机构连通所述蓄能机构的上、 下蓄水池， 当自启闭机构全部关闭时， 上、 下 蓄水池全部进入蓄水状态。 当上层蓄水池需要放水发电时， 盖板 B依靠螺旋升降器打开 （延 时关闭）， 上蓄水池通过管道 A与管道 B连通， 实现上蓄水池放水， 此时下蓄水池处于 （接近） 淹没状态， 上下蓄水池之间无直接通路， 上蓄水池蓄水不会通过下蓄水池返回大海。 当下蓄 水池需要放水发电时， 盖板 B、 盖板 A和管道 A共同由螺旋升降器带动上提 （延时关闭）， 下蓄 水池出水口 B与管道 B连通， 实现下蓄水池放水发电。此时，上蓄水池同样不与下蓄水池连通， 从而实现了上、 下两层蓄水池各自独立蓄水， 但共用管道 B出水的设想。 自启闭机构保证每 次水体回流冲击带动水轮机均在额定工作水头条件下进行， 将有效提高装置的发电出力水 平、 能量转换效率。
所述水力发电机构的 " Z " 形弯道主要是为了避免与自启闭机构冲突， 并将发电机安装 于波能发电装置上部。 " L "形弯道的设计并引至波能发电装置底部后侧， 其目的是为了避免 波浪海流等造成的反向回流， 影响水轮机的工作状态。
所述支撑机构为混凝土配重块预埋桩柱结构， 结构整体性好， 稳定性高， 并且方便工作 人员驾船靠泊， 易于维护检修。 相较于 " L "型沉箱结构， 其可以适用于水深较深的区域， 不长期占用岸线资源， 不消耗一次性能源， 无废气、 噪声及粉尘， 对环境不造成破坏。
本发明的有益效果在于： 本发明提供的分层越浪式蓄能机构对应不同设计水位与入射波 况， 保证了波能装置对潮位变换的自主适应， 提高了装置的能量转换总量， 单位时间发电量将 明显提高； 而本发明提供的自启闭机构， 控制蓄水池仅在满载时出水冲击水轮机， 虽然采用间 歇式发电模式， 但每次发电水头均能保持在理想条件下运行， 极大的提高了发电效率。 本发明 提供的分层越浪式蓄能机构不仅可以固定于岸边， 也可以用于深海区。
附图说明
图 1是本发明的整体结构示意图； 图 2是本发明的部分结构示意图；
图 3是本发明中图 1的剖面示意图；
图 4是本发明中自启闭机构的结构示意图；
图 5是本发明中工作平台的结构示意图；
图 6是本发明中高水位时工作状态示意图；
图 7是本发明中低水位时工作状态示意图。
其中， 101上蓄水池， 102下蓄水池， 103入水口 A， 104入水口 B， 105出水口 B, 106 导浪板， 107楔形坡道， 108 内验潮井， 109外验潮井， 1 10 出水口 A; 201驱动电机， 202 管道 A， 203盖板 A， 204盖板 B， 205盖板 C， 206螺旋升降器 A， 207螺旋升降器 B， 208联 轴器， 209升降杆 A， 210升降杆 B; 301管道 B， 302水轮机， 303发电机， 304 " Z "形弯道， 305 " L "形弯道， 306蓄电池组； 401工作平台， 402支撑件； 501桩柱， 502底座。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和实施例具体说明本发明。
实施例 1 :
如图 1所示， 本发明包括蓄能机构、 自启闭机构、 水力发电机构和工作平台 401。
如图 1 2、 6 7所示， 蓄能机构为分层式结构， 包括上下两层半圆台型中空蓄水池， 分 别为上蓄水池 101和下蓄水池 102; 上蓄水池 101顶部设有入水口 A103 , 上、 下蓄水池之间 设有半环形空隙， 为下蓄水池 102的入水口 B104， 下蓄水池 102的底部设有出水口 B105。
如图 2、 4-6所示， 自启闭机构， 包括驱动电机 201、 螺旋升降器、 盖板和管道 A202; 管道 A202两端分别固接盖板 A203和用于闭合出水口 B105的盖板 B204,盖板 A203上设有与 管道 A202连通的出水口 A110， 出水口 A110上设有盖板 C205， 管道 A202位于上、 下蓄水池 之间。 螺旋升降器包括螺旋升降器 A206和螺旋升降器 B207,驱动电机 201通过联轴器 208 分别与螺旋升降器 A206和螺旋升降器 B207连接，螺旋升降器 A206的升降杆 A209与盖板 C205 连接， 螺旋升降器 B207的升降杆 B210与盖板 A203连接， 控制器与驱动电机 201电连接。
如图 3所示， 水力发电机构包括管道 B301、 水轮机 302和发电机 303， 管道 B301的上 端连通出水口 B105, 下端引入波能发电装置底部， 管道 B301上端设有 " Z "形弯道 304， 下 端设有 " L "形弯道 305， " L "形弯道 305引入波能发电装置后侧， 发电机 303安装于工作平 台 401上， 水轮机 302设于 " L " 形弯道 305的拐弯处， 水轮机 302的轮轴与发电机 03的 输入轴连接。 如图 1所示， 工作平台 401安装于蓄能机构的入水口 A103上方。
实施例 2 :
除以下区别外， 其他同实施例 1。
如图 1-2所示， 蓄能机构的上、 下蓄水池外侧面坡道上设有由导浪板 106均匀分割成的 多个楔形坡道 107。 楔形坡道 107坡度为 2 : 3， 适于波浪爬升与攀越。 导浪板 106为不规则 四边形， 优选不规则梯形。 上、 下蓄水池内分别设有内验潮井 108， 波能发电装置外侧设有 外验潮井 109， 内、 外验潮井内均设有水位感应器， 水位感应器与所述自启闭机构的控制器 电连接。
如图 4-5所示， 自启闭机构的驱动电机 201、 螺旋升降器 A206和螺旋升降器 B207的机 头均安装于工作平台 401上，螺旋升降器 A206的升降杆 A209穿过工作平台 401与盖板 C205 连接，螺旋升降器 B207的升降杆 B210穿过工作平台 401与盖板 A203连接。螺旋升降器 B207 数量为 2个， 对称设置于联轴器的左右两侧。
实施例 3:
除以下区别外， 其他同实施例 1和 2。
如图 5所示， 水力发电机构包括与发电机 303电连接的蓄电池组 306， 蓄电池组 306位 于工作平台 401上。 水轮机为轴流式水轮机。
实施例 4 :
除以下区别外， 其他同实施例 1-3。
如图 1所示，本发明还包括支撑机构，所述支撑机构包括底座 502和桩柱 501，底座 502 固定于基岩上， 桩柱 501均布在底座 502上， 一端连接底座 502， 另一端连接蓄能机构的下 蓄水池 102底部。
实施例 5:
除以下区别外， 其他同实施例 1 - 4。
工作平台 401通过支撑件 402与上蓄水池 101固定连接。工作平台 401外部设有用于保护工 作平台 401上部件的保护罩。
本发明的工作过程如下：
如图 1-7所示：
低水位条件下，海水沿楔形坡道 107从下蓄水池 102入水口 B104进入下蓄水池 102， 当 水位感应器监测内、 外验潮井检测水位差达到规定阈值时， 控制器控制驱动电机 201启动， 驱动电机 201驱动螺旋升降器 A206和螺旋升降器 B207工作，同时带动盖板 C205和盖板 B204 上升， 盖板 B204带动管道 A202和盖板 A203随之上升， 下蓄水池 102出水至管道 B301冲击 水轮机 302， 水轮机 302带动发电机 303发电。
高水位条件下，海水沿楔形坡道 107分别从上蓄水池 10】入水口 A103进入上蓄水池 101， 从入水口 B104进入下蓄水池 102， 当水位感应器监测到内、外验潮井检测水位差达到规定阈 值时， 控制器控制驱动电机 201启动， 驱动电机 201驱动螺旋升降器 A206工作， 带动盖板 C205上升， 上蓄水池 101出水经管道 A202和管道 B301冲击水轮机 302， 水轮机 302带动发 电机 303发电。 当水位感应器监测到仅下蓄水池 102满载后， 控制器控制驱动电机 201驱动 螺旋升降器 A206和螺旋升降器 B207工作， 同时带动盖板 C205和盖板 B204上升，盖板 B204 带动管道 A202和盖板 A203随之上升，下蓄水池 102出水至管道 B301冲击水轮机 302，水轮 机 302带动发电机 303发电。

Claims

WO 2015/074168 权 利 要 求 书 PCT/CN2013/001534
1、 一种分层越浪式波能发电装置， 其特征在于： 包括蓄能机构、 自启闭机构、 水力发电 机构和工作平台 （401): 其中：
所述蓄能机构为分层式结构， 包括上下两层半圆台型中空蓄水池， 分别为上蓄水池（101) 和下蓄水池 （102); 上蓄水池 （101) 顶部设有入水口 A (103)， 上、 下蓄水池之间设有半环 形空隙， 为下蓄水池 （102) 的入水口 B (104)， 下蓄水池 （102) 的底部设有出水口 B (105)； 所述自启闭机构， 包括驱动电机 （201)、 螺旋升降器、 盖板、 管道 A (202) 和控制器； 管道 A (202) 两端分别固接盖板 A (203) 和用于闭合出水口 B (105) 的盖板 B (204)， 盖板 A (203)上设有与管道 A (202)连通的出水口 A (110)， 出水口 A (110)上设有盖板 C (205), 管道 A (202) 位于上、 下蓄水池之间； 所述螺旋升降器包括螺旋升降器 A (206) 和螺旋升降 器 B (207) ，驱动电机 （201) 通过联轴器 （208) 分别与螺旋升降器 A (206) 和螺旋升降器 B (207) 连接， 螺旋升降器 A (206) 的升降杆 A (209) 与盖板 C (205) 连接， 螺旋升降器 B (207) 的升降杆 B (210) 与盖板 A (203) 连接， 控制器与驱动电机 （201) 电连接；
所述水力发电机构包括管道 B (301)、 水轮机 （302) 和发电机 （303)， 管道 B (301) 的 上端连通出水口 B (105)， 下端引入所述波能发电装置底部， 管道 B (301) 上端设有 "Z"形 弯道 （304)， 下端设有 "L" 形弯道 （305)， "L"形弯道 （305) 引入所述波能发电装置后侧， 发电机 （303) 安装于所述工作平台 （401) 上， 水轮机 （302) 设于 "L" 形弯道 （306) 的拐 弯处， 水轮机 （302) 的轮轴与发电机 （303) 的输入轴连接；
所述工作平台 （401) 安装于所述蓄能机构的入水口 A (103) 上方。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的分层越浪式波能发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述蓄能机构的上、 下蓄水池外侧面坡道上设有由导浪板 （106) 均勾分割成的多个楔形坡道 （107)。
3、 根据权利要求 2所述的分层越浪式波能发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述导浪板（106)为 不规则四边形。
4、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的分层越浪式波能发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述上、 下蓄水 池内分别设有内验潮井（108)， 所述波能发电装置外侧设有外验潮井（109)， 内、 外验潮井内 均设有水位感应器， 水位感应器与所述自启闭机构的控制器电连接。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的分层越浪式波能发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述自启闭机构的驱 动电机（201 )、螺旋升降器 A (206)和螺旋升降器 B (207)的机头均安装于所述工作平台（401 ) 上， 螺旋升降器 A (206) 的升降杆 A (209) 穿过工作平台 （401) 与盖板 C (205) 连接， 螺 旋升降器 B (207) 的升降杆 B (210) 穿过工作平台 （401) 与盖板 A (203) 连接。
6、 根据权利要求 1或 5所述的分层越浪式波能发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述螺旋升降器 B (207) 数量为 2个， 对称设置于联轴器 （208) 的左右两侧。
7、 根据权利要求 1所述的分层越浪式波能发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述水力发电机构包 括与所述发电机（ 303 )电连接的蓄电池组（ 306 )，所述蓄电池组（ 306 )位于所述工作平台（ 401 ) 上。
8、根据权利要求 1或 7所述的分层越浪式波能发电装置，其特征在于，所述水轮机（302) 为轴流式水轮机。
9、 根据权利要求 1所述的分层越浪式波能发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述分层越浪式波能 发电装置包括支撑机构， 所述支撑机构包括底座 （502) 和桩柱 （501)， 底座 （502) 固定于基 岩上， 桩柱 （501)均布在底座 （502)上， 一端连接底座 （502)， 另一端连接蓄能机构的下蓄 水池 (102) 底部。
10、 根据权利要求 1所述的分层越浪式波能发电装置， 其特征在于， 所述工作平台 （401) 通过支撑件 （402) 与上蓄水池 （101) 固定连接， 工作平台 （401) 外部设有用于保护工作平 台 （401) 上部件的保护罩。
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CN103573542A (zh) * 2013-11-21 2014-02-12 中国海洋大学 分层越浪式波能发电装置

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