WO2015072546A1 - 放射熱輸送現象に関するシミュレーション装置、シミュレーション方法及びシミュレーションプログラム - Google Patents
放射熱輸送現象に関するシミュレーション装置、シミュレーション方法及びシミュレーションプログラム Download PDFInfo
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- the present invention relates to a simulation apparatus, a simulation method, and a simulation program for simulating a radiant heat transport phenomenon.
- the existing simulation technology uses the radiation related to the canopy, such as “ignoring the scattering of the radiant heat by the canopy and considering only the attenuation and absorption of the radiant heat by the canopy”.
- the energy transfer process is simplified. For this reason, existing simulation techniques often cannot adequately simulate the amount of absorbed radiant energy near or inside the canopy.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a technique capable of successfully simulating a radiant heat transport phenomenon in a three-dimensional space including a tree canopy at a low calculation cost.
- a simulation apparatus for simulating a radiant heat transport phenomenon of the present invention Form factor calculation means for calculating a form factor for each two elements in a virtual three-dimensional space defined by a plurality of area elements and a plurality of volume elements, and includes two elements including one or two volume elements A form factor calculating means for calculating a form factor having a value reduced by an amount corresponding to the amount of radiant heat transmitted through the one or two volume elements, Radiant heat amount calculating means for calculating the amount of radiant heat transferred between each element using each shape factor calculated by the form factor calculating means;
- the apparatus is configured such that the three-dimensional space is defined by the plurality of area elements and the plurality of volume elements so that crowns of a plurality of trees existing in the three-dimensional space are handled as the plurality of volume elements. Is done.
- the simulation apparatus treats each tree crown as one or more volume elements having permeability, and the amount of radiant heat transmitted through the one volume element as a form factor related to one volume element and one area element.
- the form factor with the value decreased by the amount corresponding to is calculated.
- the simulation apparatus calculates a view factor whose value is decreased by an amount corresponding to the amount of radiant heat transmitted through the two volume elements as the view factor related to the two volume elements. Then, the simulation apparatus calculates the amount of radiant heat transferred between each element using each calculated form factor. Therefore, according to the simulation apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to satisfactorily simulate the radiant heat transport phenomenon in the three-dimensional space including the tree crown without requiring a separate calculation of the state inside the trunk (that is, at a low calculation cost). become.
- the present invention can also be realized as a simulation method having the same characteristics as the above simulation apparatus, or as a simulation program for causing an information processing apparatus (computer) to function as the simulation apparatus.
- the present invention can also be realized as a computer-readable medium in which the simulation program is recorded.
- the radiant heat transport phenomenon in a three-dimensional space including a tree canopy can be simulated well at a low calculation cost.
- FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a simulation system according to the embodiment.
- the simulation system according to the present embodiment includes a simulation device 10, an input device 20, and an output device 30.
- the simulation apparatus 10 includes a calculation unit 12, a storage unit 14, and an interface circuit (I / F) 16.
- the interface circuit (I / F) 16 of the simulation apparatus 10 is a circuit used by the arithmetic unit 12 to communicate with other apparatuses.
- the storage unit 14 is a nonvolatile storage device that stores a simulation program 18.
- the storage unit 14 is also used for storing data used by the calculation unit 12 and processing results obtained by the calculation unit 12.
- the calculation unit 12 is a unit that combines a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a RAM (Random Access Memory), and the like.
- the arithmetic unit 12 reads out the simulation program 18 from the storage unit 14 and executes it to perform various processes (details will be described later). Further, the calculation unit 12 functions as a form factor calculation unit, a radiant heat amount calculation unit, and a temperature calculation unit according to the present invention by executing the simulation program 18.
- the input device 20 is a device for inputting information to the simulation device 10.
- the input device 20 includes a pointing device such as a keyboard and a mouse.
- the output device 30 is a display such as an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) or a CRT (Cathode-Ray Tube) for outputting information from the simulation device 10, a printer, or the like.
- the simulation apparatus 10 is usually realized by causing a computer (such as a vector-type parallel computer) that can perform matrix operations at high speed to execute the simulation program 18. Therefore, the input device and the output device of the computer for input / output connected to the simulation device 10 (vector type parallel computer or the like) normally function as the input device 20 and the output device 30.
- a computer such as a vector-type parallel computer
- the input device and the output device of the computer for input / output connected to the simulation device 10 normally function as the input device 20 and the output device 30.
- the simulation device 10 is a device for simulating a radiant heat transport phenomenon in an urban space including a plurality of trees (hereinafter referred to as a simulation target space).
- a calculation condition setting file in which information on the altitude and direction of the sun within the simulation target time range is set is stored in the storage unit 14. Further, terrain data, building shape data, tree distribution data, ground surface temperature data, building surface temperature data, and leaf surface temperature data are input to the simulation apparatus 10.
- Terrain data is data indicating the topography (ground shape) of the simulation target space.
- the building shape data is data indicating the position and shape of each building existing in the simulation target space.
- the tree distribution data is data indicating the position and shape of each tree existing in the simulation target space and the leaf area density distribution of each tree.
- These data input to the simulation apparatus 10 may be data that can understand the structure of the simulation target space (three-dimensional city shape and three-dimensional tree distribution). Therefore, for example, two-dimensional plane data of the ground / building height (data representing the correspondence between the ground / building height and coordinates) can be used as the terrain data and the building shape data. Further, as the tree distribution data, for example, data including two-dimensional plane data of a tree index (tree identification information) and data indicating a vertical distribution of a leaf area density of a tree identified by each tree index may be used. it can.
- the ground surface temperature data, the building surface temperature data, and the leaf surface temperature data input to the simulation apparatus 10 respectively indicate data indicating initial values of temperatures of respective parts of the ground surface and initial values of temperatures of respective parts of the respective building surfaces. It is data which shows the initial value of data and the temperature of the leaf surface of each place.
- simulation unit 12 the contents of processing performed by the simulation apparatus 10 (calculation unit 12) will be described.
- structure designation data terrain data, building shape data, and tree distribution data input to the simulation apparatus 10
- initial value data initial value data.
- the simulation apparatus 10 basically uses the various information in the calculation condition setting file and the input initial value data to calculate the temperature of each part in the simulation target space indicated by the input structure designation data. It is a device that simulates every time.
- the processing performed by the calculation unit 12 of the simulation apparatus 10 can be classified into preprocessing and main processing.
- the pre-processing is processing in which simulation data generation processing (step S101) and parameter calculation processing (step S102) are performed in this order.
- the simulation data generation process performed in step S101 is based on the input structure designation data, “the walls and ground of each building in the simulation target space are handled as a plurality of area elements, and each tree in the simulation target space is processed. This is a process of generating “simulation data” for handling a tree crown as a volume element having one or more permeability.
- the simulation data generated by the simulation data generation process only needs to know information (such as the shape of each area / volume element and the position in the simulation target space) necessary for calculating the form factor described later. . Therefore, for example, for each area / volume element, the simulation data includes “serial number, coordinate number of the corresponding calculation grid in the simulation target space, flag indicating that the area element is directed / volume element, crown Data including a flag indicating whether or not the data is included.
- the parameter calculation process performed in step S102 is a process for calculating various parameters used in the main process based on the simulation data generated by the simulation data generation process.
- the parameters are calculated during the parameter calculation process, the two-factor (area / volume elements) form about factor F, the effective surface area ⁇ A eff> k for each volume element k, sky view factor omega i of each element i, the area There is a shade rate D i for element i and an effective shade rate D eff k for each volume element k.
- the “form factor F ij that looks at the area element j from the area element i” and “the form factor F ji that looks at the area element i from the area element j” calculated during the parameter calculation processing are respectively the following (1), (2) A value defined by the equation.
- a i and A j are the area of the area element i and the area of the area element j, respectively.
- ⁇ i and ⁇ j are respectively a straight line connecting the minute surface dA i in the area element i and the minute surface dA j in the area element j and the minute surface dA i .
- the angle formed by the normal line is the angle formed by the normal line of the straight line and the minute surface dA j .
- R is the distance between the minute surface dA i and the minute surface dA j .
- T ij is the transmittance between the area element i and the area element j.
- T ij is calculated by the following equation using the optical thickness ⁇ ij between the two minute surfaces dA i and dA j .
- the optical thickness ⁇ ij is determined by the extinction coefficient k ext and It is calculated by the following equation using the leaf area density a.
- the form factor defined by the above formulas (1) and (2) satisfies the reciprocity law. That is, there is the following relationship among the area A i , the area A j , the form factor F ij, and the form factor F ji .
- F ji is calculated from F ij calculated from equation (1), A i, and A j
- F ij is calculated from F ji calculated from equation (2), A i, and A j.
- the “form factor F ik when the volume element k is viewed from the area element i” calculated during the parameter calculation process is a value defined by the following equation (3).
- ⁇ i in the equation (3) is a micro surface and a straight line connecting the micro surface dA i of the area element i and the micro projection surface dA k ⁇ i in the volume element j. It is an angle formed by the normal line of dA i .
- R is the distance between the minute surface dA i and the minute projection surface dA k ⁇ i .
- a eff k ⁇ i is the effective area of the volume element k viewed from the direction of the area element i, taking into account the shielding factor of the volume element k itself. This A eff k ⁇ i is calculated by the following equation.
- ⁇ k ⁇ i is the optical thickness of the volume element k in the direction perpendicular to the minute projection surface dA k ⁇ i (see FIG. 4).
- ⁇ k ⁇ i is expressed by using the extinction coefficient k ext , the leaf area density a and the geometric thickness ⁇ s k ⁇ i of the volume element k in the direction perpendicular to dA k ⁇ i It is calculated by the following formula.
- the above-described expression (3) is an expression that can be expressed as follows if expression (4) is used.
- the form factor F ik in which the volume element k is viewed from the area element i is calculated according to the following equation (5).
- the “form factor F ki obtained by viewing the area element i from the volume element k” calculated during the parameter calculation process is a value defined by the following equation.
- a value that satisfies the reciprocity law expressed by the following equation is calculated as the form factor F ki when the area element i is viewed from the volume element k.
- the “form factor F kl of the volume element 1 seen from the volume element k” calculated during the parameter calculation process is a value defined by the following equation.
- the form factor F kl is determined by the shielding factor of the volume element k (“1-exp ( ⁇ k ⁇ l )”) and the shielding factor of the volume element l (“1-exp ( ⁇ l ⁇ k )”). And the shape factor taking into account the transmittance T kl between the volume elements k and l.
- the form factor regarding the volume element represented by the equation (7) satisfies the reciprocity law of the following equation, similarly to the form factor of the area element.
- both form factors between two volume elements can be calculated according to equation (7), or one form factor can be calculated according to equation (7) and the other form factor It can also be calculated from the calculation result of the one form factor.
- each of the above-described form factors is calculated by the Monte Carlo method.
- ⁇ and ⁇ are calculated from the uniform random numbers R ⁇ and R ⁇ in the range from 0 to 1 by the following formula, and the unit vector n having the following contents is generated based on the calculation result. This process is repeated a number of times according to the accuracy of the required form factor.
- a process of generating a unit vector n of traveling directions of a large number of photons emitted from the area element (or volume element) is performed according to Lambert's cosine law.
- the form factor F ij when the area element i is viewed from the area element i is N when the number of photons emitted from the area element i is N and the number of photons incident on the area element j is n. Is calculated by the following equation.
- the energy W p of the photons incident on the area element j is attenuated before reaching the area element j from the area element i. Therefore, the influence of the attenuation on the form factor is taken into account by attenuating the energy of the photons. That is, W p is calculated by the following equation.
- T ij, p is the transmittance along the path of the photon p. Even if the number of photons incident on the area element j is reduced assuming that the photons are probabilistically shielded in the transmissive volume element, the form factor can be obtained in consideration of the influence of attenuation.
- the shape factor F ik when the volume element k is viewed from the area element i is a value defined by the equation (7). Therefore, the form factor F ik when the volume element k is viewed from the area element i is calculated by the following equation.
- ⁇ k ⁇ i, p is the optical thickness inside the volume element k along the path of the photon p.
- N is the number of photons emitted from the area element i, and n is the number of photons incident on the volume element k.
- the form factor F ki obtained by viewing the area element i from the volume element k is calculated by the following equation.
- ⁇ k ⁇ i, p is the optical thickness inside the volume element k calculated by back-tracing from the emission point of the photon p in the direction opposite to the traveling direction of the photon p.
- S k is the surface area of the volume element k
- M is the number of photons emitted from the volume element k
- m is the number of photons incident on the area element i.
- the form factor F kl when the volume element l is viewed from the volume element k is calculated by the following equation.
- m in this equation is the number of photons incident on the volume element l as a result of M photons being emitted from the volume element k.
- the effective shadow factor of effective surface area ⁇ A eff> k, sky factor omega i, shadow factor D i, each volume element k of each area element i of each element i of each volume element k D eff k will be described.
- Effective surface area ⁇ A eff> k for each volume element k calculated at the parameter calculating process is a value defined by the following equation.
- m is the total number of elements (area element or volume element) existing around (visible from the volume element k) around the volume element k
- i is around the volume element k. This is the element number of the existing area element or volume element.
- this effective surface area ⁇ A eff> k is calculated by the following equation.
- the effective surface area ⁇ A eff> k is also calculated by the Monte Carlo method.
- the sky factor ⁇ i of an element (area element / volume element) i is a value corresponding to a form factor when the element i is viewed from the sky.
- the sky factor ⁇ i is calculated in the same procedure as the view factor when the area element is viewed from the element i.
- the shade ratio D i of the area element i is obtained by integrating the energy ⁇ Wp that is lost when the photon p emitted from the area element i to the sun enters the other element. More specifically, the shade ratio D i is calculated by the following equation using the Monte Carlo method.
- N is the number of photons emitted from the area element i.
- the effective shade rate D eff k of the volume element k is calculated by the following equation using the Monte Carlo method.
- the main processing operation unit 12 performs includes a radiant heat flux such calculation processing (step S201) and the temperature calculation process (step S202), but the number of total number of time steps N t, is a process that is repeated.
- the total number of time steps N t may be determined based on the simulated time range and time step size Delta] t.
- Specifying the total number of time steps N t may be the in the calculation condition setting file is set the information of all time step number N t or simulated time range and time step size ⁇ t and is entered using the input device 20 By doing that.
- the calculation process of radiant heat flux and the like performed in step S201 uses the parameters (form factors, etc.) calculated in the parameter calculation process, and the radiant flux G S, the short wave radiation (visible light) emitted from each element i , Calculate the radiation flux G L, i [W / m 2 ] of i [W / m 2 ] and long wave radiation (infrared rays), and use the calculated radiation flux to calculate the net of shortwave radiation that is absorbed by each element i This is a process for calculating the radiant heat R S, i [W] and the net radiant heat R L, i [W] related to long wave radiation.
- n in the equations (8) and (9) is the total number of area elements and volume elements.
- ⁇ A eff> i is the effective surface area of the volume element i when the element i is a volume element, and is the area of the area element i when the element i is an area element.
- ⁇ S, i and ⁇ L, i are the reflectivities of the element i regarding short-wave radiation and long-wave radiation, respectively, and ⁇ i is the emissivity of the element i.
- S direct, i is the direct shortwave radiation flux from the sun incident on element i
- S diffuse, i is the radiation flux of atmospheric scattered shortwave radiation incident on element i.
- L i is the radiation flux of atmospheric long-wave radiation incident on the element i
- a eff i ⁇ Solar and A eff i ⁇ sky are effective areas of the element i in the solar direction and in the sky direction, respectively.
- B (T i ) is a radiation flux emitted from the element i by thermal radiation.
- B (T i ) is expressed by the following equation using the Stefan-Boltzmann constant ⁇ : Is calculated by
- S direct, i and S diffuse, i are calculated by the following equations using the sky rate ⁇ i and the shade rate D i calculated in the parameter calculation process.
- S ⁇ is a solar radiation flux incident downward on the horizontal plane
- n i is a unit normal vector of the area element i
- c direct and c diffuse are coefficients for direct diffusion separation.
- S direct, i calculated by the above formula is the S direct, i of surface elements i.
- S direct, i of the volume element i is calculated by the following equation using the effective shade rate D eff i calculated by the parameter calculation process.
- injection rate ⁇ i is equal to the absorption rate of the element i
- “1- ⁇ L , i ” can be used as the injection rate ⁇ i .
- the radiant flux G S, i , GL, i emitted from each element i is calculated by solving these linear matrix equations.
- the temperature calculation process (FIG. 2; step S202) is a process for calculating the temperature of each part in the simulation target space from the radiant heat calculated by the radiant heat flux calculation process.
- the procedure for calculating the temperature of each area element during this temperature calculation process is general except that the radiant heat is calculated using a form factor that treats the canopy as a volume element having permeability.
- the calculation procedure is the same. Therefore, only the procedure for calculating the temperature of the crown (volume element) will be described below.
- a radiant heat flux R S of short wave radiation and a radiant heat flux R L of long wave radiation flow into a volume element that is a part of a tree crown, and the volume element From the sensible heat flux H and the latent heat flux LE. Therefore, the heat balance regarding the volume element i which is a tree crown is expressed by the following equation.
- T leaf, i is the leaf surface temperature [K] in the element i
- a i is the leaf area density [m 2 / m 3 ] in the element i
- V i is the volume [m 3 ] of the element i
- C is the heat capacity [J / K / m 2 ] of the leaves per unit leaf area.
- R S, i and R L, i are the net radiant heat (intensity of radiant heat flux) [W] of short wave radiation and the net radiant heat [W] of long wave radiation absorbed by the leaves, respectively. Is the latent heat of vaporization [J / kg].
- H i is the amount of sensible heat transported from the leaves to the atmosphere (stress heat flux intensity) [W]
- E i is the amount of water vapor evacuated from the leaves to the atmosphere [kg / s].
- the sensible heat transport amount H i released from the leaves to the atmosphere and the water vapor amount E i transpiration from the leaves to the atmosphere are calculated by the following equations.
- T air i is the atmospheric temperature [K] in the element i
- f air i is the water vapor partial pressure [Pa] in the atmosphere in the volume element i
- f leaf i is in the volume element i. saturated water vapor partial pressure of the leaf surface [Pa] of
- K h is the convective heat transfer coefficient [W / m 2 / K]
- K w is the convective moisture transport coefficient [kg / s / m 2 / Pa]
- ⁇ is Evaporation efficiency.
- the leaf surface temperature T leaf, i at time step n + 1 after time step ⁇ t is calculated using the leaf surface temperature and heat flux at time step n.
- the amount of change ⁇ T leaf, i in the leaf surface temperature from time step n to n + 1 is the net long wave radiation, sensible heat transport amount, transpiration amount due to the change in leaf surface temperature due to the passage of time ⁇ t.
- the leaf surface temperature variation ⁇ T leaf, i is obtained by this equation, and then the leaf surface temperature T leaf, i (n + 1) at time step n + 1 is calculated by the following equation.
- the temperature calculation process ends when the calculation of the temperature of each part and the output of the calculated temperature of each part (storage in the storage unit 14 in this embodiment) are completed. Then, when the designated number of processes has not been completed, the calculation process of the radiant heat flux and the like is started again, and the main process ends when the designated number of processes is completed.
- the simulation apparatus 10 treats each tree crown as one or more volume elements having permeability, and the form factor ((5)) regarding one volume element and one area element. , (6) (see formula (6)), a form factor is calculated by decreasing the value by an amount corresponding to the amount of radiant heat transmitted through the one volume element. In addition, the simulation apparatus 10 calculates a view factor whose value is decreased by an amount corresponding to the amount of radiant heat transmitted through the two volume elements as the view factor (see Expression (7)) regarding the two volume elements. And the simulation apparatus 10 calculates the amount of radiant heat transferred between each element using each calculated form factor. Therefore, according to the simulation device 10, it is possible to satisfactorily simulate the radiant heat transport phenomenon in the three-dimensional space including the tree canopy without requiring a separate calculation of the state inside the trunk (that is, at a low calculation cost). .
- the simulation apparatus 10 can perform various modifications.
- the simulation device 10 can be transformed into a device that calculates a form factor in which the transmittance T between the two elements is not taken into account, and that considers the transmittance between the two elements when calculating the radiation flux.
- the transmittance T between the two elements is taken into consideration when calculating the form factor, an accurate result can be obtained and the calculation cost can be reduced. Therefore, it is preferable to adopt the above-described form factor.
- the simulation apparatus 10 can also be transformed into an apparatus that uses an analytical solution of the definition formula as a part or all of the form factors.
- the simulation device 10 is a device that calculates the leaf temperature by the Euler implicit method.
- the simulation device 10 is a device that calculates the leaf temperature by the explicit method or a device that calculates the leaf temperature by the second-order accuracy Crank-Nicholson method. It can also be transformed.
- the implicit method is more likely to obtain an accurate value, it is preferable to employ the implicit method as the leaf temperature calculation method.
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Abstract
Description
複数の面積要素と複数の体積要素とで定義された仮想的な3次元空間内の各2要素に関する形態係数を算出する形態係数算出手段であって、1つ又は2つの体積要素を含む2要素に関する形態係数として、当該1つ又は2つの体積要素を透過する放射熱量に応じた分だけ値を減少させた形態係数を算出する形態係数算出手段と、
前記形態係数算出手段により算出された各形態係数を用いて各要素間で授受される放射熱量を算出する放射熱量算出手段と、
を備え、
前記3次元空間内に存在する複数の樹木の樹冠が前記複数の体積要素として取り扱われるように、前記3次元空間が前記複数の面積要素と前記複数の体積要素とにより定義されている装置として構成される。
シミュレーション装置10は、複数の樹木を含む都市空間(以下、シミュレーション対象空間と表記する)内での放射熱輸送現象をシミュレートするための装置である。
演算部12が行う主処理は、放射熱フラックス等算出処理(ステップS201)と温度算出処理(ステップS202)とが、全時間ステップ数Ntの回数、繰り返される処理である。尚、全時間ステップ数Ntは、シミュレーション対象時刻範囲及び時間刻み幅Δtに基づいて決定することができる。全時間ステップ数Ntの指定は、計算条件設定ファイル内に全時間ステップ数Nt又はシミュレーション対象時刻範囲及び時間刻み幅Δtの情報を設定しておくことや、入力装置20を用いて入力することによって、行われる。
従って、樹冠である体積要素iに関する熱収支は、次式により表されることになる。
上記した実施形態に係るシミュレーション装置10は、各種の変形を行えるものである。
例えば、シミュレーション装置10を、2要素間の透過率Tが考慮されていない形態係数を算出し、放射フラックスの算出時等に2要素間の透過率を考慮する装置に変形することが出来る。ただし、形態係数の算出時に2要素間の透過率Tを考慮しておいた方が正確な結果が得られるし、計算コストも低くなる。従って、上記した形態係数を採用しておくことが好ましい。
12 演算部
14 記憶部
16 インタフェ-ス(I/F)回路
Claims (6)
- 放射熱輸送現象をシミュレートするシミュレーション装置において、
複数の面積要素と複数の体積要素とで定義された仮想的な3次元空間内の各2要素に関する形態係数を算出する形態係数算出手段であって、1つ又は2つの体積要素を含む2要素に関する形態係数として、当該1つ又は2つの体積要素を透過する放射熱量に応じた分だけ値を減少させた形態係数を算出する形態係数算出手段と、
前記形態係数算出手段により算出された各形態係数を用いて各要素間で授受される放射熱量を算出する放射熱量算出手段と、
を備え、
前記3次元空間内に存在する複数の樹木の樹冠が前記複数の体積要素として取り扱われるように、前記3次元空間が前記複数の面積要素と前記複数の体積要素とにより定義されている
ことを特徴とするシミュレーション装置。 - 前記形態係数算出手段は、各2要素に関する形態係数として、各2要素間におけう放射熱量の透過率を考慮に入れた形態係数を算出する
ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のシミュレーション装置。 - 前記放射熱量算出手段により算出された放射熱量に基づき、各要素の温度を算出する温度算出手段を、さらに備える
ことを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のシミュレーション装置。 - 前記温度算出手段は、各要素の温度を陰解法により算出する
ことを特徴とする請求項3に記載のシミュレーション装置。 - 放射熱輸送現象をシミュレートするシミュレーション方法において、
コンピュータが、
複数の樹木の樹冠が複数の体積要素として取り扱われるように、複数の面積要素と複数の体積要素とが定義された仮想的な3次元空間内の各2要素に関する形態係数を算出する形態係数算出ステップであって、1つ又は2つの体積要素を含む2要素に関する形態係数として、当該1つ又は2つの体積要素を透過する放射熱量に応じた分だけ値を減少させた形態係数を算出する形態係数算出ステップと、
前記形態係数算出手段により算出された各形態係数を用いて各要素間で授受される放射熱量を算出する放射熱量算出ステップと、
を行うことを特徴とするシミュレーション方法。 - 放射熱輸送現象をシミュレートするためのシミュレーションプログラムにおいて、
コンピュータに、
複数の樹木の樹冠が複数の体積要素として取り扱われるように、複数の面積要素と複数の体積要素とが定義された仮想的な3次元空間内の各2要素に関する形態係数を算出する形態係数算出ステップであって、1つ又は2つの体積要素を含む2要素に関する形態係数として、当該1つ又は2つの体積要素を透過する放射熱量に応じた分だけ値を減少させた形態係数を算出する形態係数算出ステップと、
前記形態係数算出手段により算出された各形態係数を用いて各要素間で授受される放射熱量を算出する放射熱量算出ステップと、
を行わせることを特徴とするシミュレーションプログラム。
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