WO2015067689A1 - Utilisation d'un matériau hybride organique-inorganique pour extraire l'uranium(vi) d'une solution aqueuse d'acide sulfurique, issue notamment de la lixiviation sulfurique d'un minerai uranifère - Google Patents
Utilisation d'un matériau hybride organique-inorganique pour extraire l'uranium(vi) d'une solution aqueuse d'acide sulfurique, issue notamment de la lixiviation sulfurique d'un minerai uranifère Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B60/00—Obtaining metals of atomic number 87 or higher, i.e. radioactive metals
- C22B60/02—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides
- C22B60/0204—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium
- C22B60/0217—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes
- C22B60/0221—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes by leaching
- C22B60/0226—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes by leaching using acidic solutions or liquors
- C22B60/0234—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes by leaching using acidic solutions or liquors sulfurated ion as active agent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28078—Pore diameter
- B01J20/28083—Pore diameter being in the range 2-50 nm, i.e. mesopores
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3202—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the carrier, support or substrate used for impregnation or coating
- B01J20/3204—Inorganic carriers, supports or substrates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
- B01J20/3242—Layers with a functional group, e.g. an affinity material, a ligand, a reactant or a complexing group
- B01J20/3244—Non-macromolecular compounds
- B01J20/3246—Non-macromolecular compounds having a well defined chemical structure
- B01J20/3248—Non-macromolecular compounds having a well defined chemical structure the functional group or the linking, spacer or anchoring group as a whole comprising at least one type of heteroatom selected from a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, these atoms not being part of the carrier as such
- B01J20/3251—Non-macromolecular compounds having a well defined chemical structure the functional group or the linking, spacer or anchoring group as a whole comprising at least one type of heteroatom selected from a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, these atoms not being part of the carrier as such comprising at least two different types of heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
- B01J20/3242—Layers with a functional group, e.g. an affinity material, a ligand, a reactant or a complexing group
- B01J20/3244—Non-macromolecular compounds
- B01J20/3246—Non-macromolecular compounds having a well defined chemical structure
- B01J20/3257—Non-macromolecular compounds having a well defined chemical structure the functional group or the linking, spacer or anchoring group as a whole comprising at least one of the heteroatoms nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur together with at least one silicon atom, these atoms not being part of the carrier as such
- B01J20/3259—Non-macromolecular compounds having a well defined chemical structure the functional group or the linking, spacer or anchoring group as a whole comprising at least one of the heteroatoms nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur together with at least one silicon atom, these atoms not being part of the carrier as such comprising at least two different types of heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur with at least one silicon atom
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/20—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching
- C22B3/42—Treatment or purification of solutions, e.g. obtained by leaching by ion-exchange extraction
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B60/00—Obtaining metals of atomic number 87 or higher, i.e. radioactive metals
- C22B60/02—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides
- C22B60/0204—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium
- C22B60/0217—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes
- C22B60/0252—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes treatment or purification of solutions or of liquors or of slurries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of the extraction of uranium from aqueous media containing sulfuric acid.
- the invention relates to the use of an organic-inorganic hybrid material for extracting uranium (VI) from an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid in which it is present.
- the invention also relates to a process which makes it possible to recover the uranium (VI) present in an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, selectively vis-à-vis other metal cations that may also be present in this solution, and which implements said hybrid organic-inorganic material.
- the invention finds particular application in the treatment of uranium ores (uraninite, pitchblende, coffinite, brannérite, carnotite, ...) to recover the uranium present in these ores for the purpose of developing, especially from a solution aqueous sulfuric acid resulting from the leaching of a uranium ore by sulfuric acid.
- Uranium ores (or ores of uranium) are extracted from the mines, crushed and crushed until they reach the consistency of a fine sand, then they are subjected to an attack, also called leaching, by the sulfuric acid (unless their gangue is naturally alkaline, in which case this leaching would require a prohibitive consumption of sulfuric acid).
- Sulfuric acid was chosen for two reasons: firstly, it is the strongest acid cheapest, this acid can be manufactured on the site of the plants of treatment of the Uranium-bearing ores from sulfur by a so-called "double catalysis" process, and on the other hand, its use leads to effluents that are relatively easy to treat because the sulphate ions can be largely eliminated by precipitation at lime.
- each uranium ore is studied on the basis of an optimization of the dissolution efficiency of uranium (VI) compared to the quantity of sulfuric acid consumed.
- VI uranium
- the aqueous solution resulting from leaching with sulfuric acid which usually contains 0.1 to 10 g / l of uranium, is sent to a purification unit in which the uranium is purified either by liquid-liquid extraction or by extraction with ion exchange resins.
- ions consists of a mixture of trialkylated tertiary amines whose alkyl chains are in Cs to Cio, for example Adogen 364 or Alamine 336, in solution in a hydrocarbon of the kerosene type, optionally supplemented with a heavy alcohol ( in C10 to C13) which acts as a phase modifier.
- the liquid-liquid extraction consists in bringing the aqueous medium in which the uranium is in contact with a water-immiscible organic liquid phase, which comprises one or more uranium ligand compounds, dissolved in a solution. organic solvent. It is an effective technique and relatively simple to implement. However, operating on an industrial scale, it requires the use of large volumes of organic solutions that, after having extracted the uranium to recover it, wash with various aqueous solutions to be reused. In addition, there is the problem of possible contamination of uranium by chemical species from organic solutions and that of the formation of a third phase by demixing.
- Solid-liquid extraction which consists in bringing the aqueous medium in which uranium is in contact with a material comprising a solid organic or inorganic support impregnated with one or more uranium ligand compounds or on which are fixed molecules capable of retaining uranium by complexing effect or by ion exchange, does not have these disadvantages.
- inorganic solid support materials With respect to inorganic solid support materials, they are more chemically stable than organic solid support materials and, as a result, Recently, a number of studies have been carried out on the possibility of using them to extract uranium from acidic, typically nitric, aqueous solutions.
- inorganic support materials functionalized with amino group molecules (Donia et al., International Journal of Mineral Processing 2011, 101 (1-4), 81-88, [1], Sadeghi et al., Microchemica Acta 2012, 178). (1-2), 89-97, [2]), or impregnated with trioctylamine (Ahmed et al., Hydrometallurgy 2013, 134-135 (0), 150-157, [3]); however, these materials are found not to be selective for uranium vis-à-vis other metal cations;
- inorganic support materials functionalized with molecules with phosphorus groups for example, Lebed et al. (Chemistry of Materials 2012, 24 (21), 4166-4176, [4]) have proposed a mesoporous silica functionalized with diethylphosphonate ethyltriethoxysilane groups at the pore surface of this silica, while Yuan et al.
- inorganic support materials functionalized with glycinylurea, salicylamide, acetamide phosphonate type molecules (Fryxell et al., Environmental Science & Technology 2005, 39 (5), 1324-1331, [6]) or dihydroimidazole (Yuan et al. , Journal of Materials Chemistry 2012, 22 (33), 17019-17026,
- the purpose of the inventors is therefore to find a material which makes it possible to extract, by the solid-liquid extraction technique, the uranium (VI) present in an aqueous medium containing sulfuric acid but which, in general, is more efficient than the materials proposed so far for the implementation of this technique.
- the Inventors have set a goal that this material allows the uranium (VI) to be extracted very efficiently from an aqueous medium containing sulfuric acid in which it is located and which also makes it possible to extract it very well. effectively of this material in the case where one wishes to valorize this uranium.
- an organic-inorganic hybrid material which comprises an inorganic solid support on which is covalently grafted a plurality of organic molecules corresponding to the general formula (I) below:
- x, y and z are 0 or 1, with the proviso that at least one of x, y and z is 1;
- n is an integer from 1 to 6;
- v and w are 0 or 1, with the proviso that v is 1 when w is 0 and v is 0 when w is 1;
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, linear or branched, comprising from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, while, if x is equal to 1, R 1 represents a group bound to the inorganic solid support by at least one covalent bond (represented by the dashed line);
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, comprising from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, whereas, if y is 1, R 2 represents a group bound to the inorganic solid support by at least one covalent bond (represented by the dashed line);
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon-based group comprising from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, whereas, if z is equal to 1, R 3 represents a group bound to the inorganic solid support by at least one covalent bond (represented by the dashed line);
- R 4 and R 5 represent, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or a monocyclic aromatic group;
- an organic-inorganic hybrid material comprising a solid support of inorganic nature (which is therefore chemically more stable than is typically the case for organic polymer supports), on which molecules are covalently attached.
- a solid support of inorganic nature which is therefore chemically more stable than is typically the case for organic polymer supports
- molecules are covalently attached.
- inorganic is understood to mean any element (compound, material, etc.) which is capable of decomposing at a temperature greater than 800 ° C., whereas it is considered as “organic” any element which is liable to decompose at a temperature of less than or equal to 800 ° C.
- hydrocarbon group saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, comprising from 1 to 12 carbon atoms
- any alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group, straight or branched chain which comprises at least 1 carbon atom but which does not not more than 12 carbon atoms.
- Such a group may therefore comprise 1 carbon atom, 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, etc., up to and including 12 carbon atoms.
- linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms means any linear or branched chain alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group which comprises at least 2 carbon atoms. carbon but does not include more than 8 carbon atoms. Such a group may therefore comprise 2 carbon atoms, 3 carbon atoms, 4 carbon atoms, etc., up to and including 8 carbon atoms.
- monocyclic aromatic group is understood to mean any group with a single ring whose cycle satisfies Huckel's aromaticity rule and therefore has a number of delocalized ⁇ electrons equal to An + 2, for example a phenyl group or benzyl.
- the inorganic solid support may consist of any inorganic solid material on which it is possible to covalently attach organic molecules by one or more chemical reactions.
- the inorganic solid support may in particular be based (1) on a metal oxide and, in particular, on a transition metal oxide such as a titanium oxide or a zirconium oxide (or zirconia), an oxide of a lean metal such as an aluminum oxide (or alumina), a metalloid oxide such as a silicon oxide (or silica), a silica glass or a germanium oxide, (2) a mixed metal oxide such as an aluminosilicate, an aluminosilicate glass, a zirconium silicate, a tin silicate or a cerium silicate, (3) a mixture of metal oxides such as a borosilicate or a borosilicate glass, or (4) carbon (graphite, fullerenes including nanotubes , mesoporous carbon, ...), and present in a large variety of forms (particles, granules, beads, membranes, fibers, felts, ...), sizes (nano-, micro- or mac
- the inorganic solid support present (after grafting organic molecules) a specific surface greater than or equal to 100 m 2 / g ( as determined by gas adsorption-desorption with the BET method), which is made possible by the use of a porous material.
- This porous material can be a microporous material, that is to say a material whose pore diameter is less than 2 nm (according to the definition of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry), a mesoporous material , that is to say a material whose pore diameter is between 2 and 50 nm (also according to the IUPAC definition), a macroporous material, that is to say a material whose pore diameter is greater than 50 nm (still according to the definition of IUPAC), or a double porosity material, for example both mesoporous and macroporous, or even triple porosity. It can, moreover, be ordered or disordered.
- Nonlimiting examples of suitable materials include ordered mesoporous silicas such as MCM and SBA type silicas, disordered porous silicas such as porous silica glasses of the VYCOR TM type (FIG. especially available from Corning), mesoporous titanium oxides, mesoporous zirconias, ordered porous carbons such as mesoporous carbons of CM K type and carbon nanotubes, and disordered porous carbons such as activated carbons.
- ordered mesoporous silicas such as MCM and SBA type silicas
- disordered porous silicas such as porous silica glasses of the VYCOR TM type (FIG. especially available from Corning)
- mesoporous titanium oxides mesoporous zirconias
- ordered porous carbons such as mesoporous carbons of CM K type and carbon nanotubes
- disordered porous carbons such as activated carbons.
- the inorganic solid support consists of a mesoporous or macroporous material and is, in particular, selected from mesoporous silicas, mesoporous titanium oxides, mesoporous zirconias and mesoporous carbons.
- mesoporous silicas and mesoporous carbons are very particularly preferred, in particular ordered mesoporous silicas of the SBA type and mesoporous ordered CMK-type mesoporous carbons.
- organic molecules can be grafted onto the solid inorganic support through R 3, in which case R 3 is preferably a group of formula - (Cl- ⁇ 1 qX - da ns which q is an integer from 0 to 12, while X 1 represents a group selected from groups
- R 3 represents a group of formula - (CH 2) qX 1 -
- the covalent bond (s) between R 3 and the inorganic solid support is (are) provided by the group -X 1 - and not by the group - (Chhjq-.
- the organic molecules can also be grafted to the inorganic solid support via at least one of R 1 and R 2 , in which case R 1 and / or R 2 preferably represent (s) a group of formula (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f) or (g) below:
- R 1 and / or R 2 represents (nt) a group of formula (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (f) or (g) above, the one or more covalent bonds existing between R 1 and / or R 2 on the one hand, and the inorganic solid support on the other hand, are (are) ensured by the group -X 2 - and not by the group - (CH 2 ) P -
- X 1 (which belongs to R 3 ) is preferably identical to X 2 (which belongs to R 1 and / or R 2 ).
- R 3 is - (CH 2 ) q -SiO 3 -
- R 1 and / or R 2 may (may) meet any of formulas (a) to (g) below. before but in which X 2 preferably represents a group -S1O3-.
- R 1 and / or R 2 may (may) meet any of formulas (a) to (g) above but in which X 2 preferably represents a group -CH 2 -C-.
- the organic molecules preferably correspond to the general formula (I) above, in which v is equal to 1, w is equal to 0, in which case these anic molecules correspond to the particular formula (la) below:
- R 1 and R 2 represent, independently of one another, a linear or branched alkyl group comprising 1 to 12 carbon atoms; z is 1 and R 3 represents a group bound to the inorganic solid support by at least one covalent bond, while R 4 and R 5 represent, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or a linear alkyl group; or branched, comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
- R 1 and R 2 are identical to each other and represent a branched alkyl group comprising from 6 to 12 carbon atoms, the 2-ethylhexyl group being very particularly preferred.
- R 4 and R 5 they preferably represent, independently of each other, a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl group comprising from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, such as an ethyl group. , ⁇ -propyl, isopropyl, ⁇ -butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl or ieri-butyl, the ethyl and ⁇ -butyl groups being, among these alkyl groups, very particularly preferred.
- the inorganic solid support is based on a metal oxide, a mixed metal oxide or a mixture of metal oxides, in which case R 3 represents a group of formula - (Chhjq-S1O3- in which q is from 1 to 5.
- the inorganic solid support is carbon-based, in which case R 3 represents a group of formula - (CH 2) q -CH 2 -C where q is from 0 to 5.
- the covalent grafting of the organic molecules onto the inorganic solid support can be obtained by a one-step process, which consists in reacting one or more reactive functions F1 belonging to the inorganic solid support with one or more reactive functions.
- the organic molecules of general formula (I) above correspond to what remains of the organic compound after the reactive functions F1 and F2 have reacted together.
- the covalent grafting of the organic molecules onto the inorganic solid support can be obtained by reacting silica silanol functions (-SiOH) with a trialkoxysilane function.
- silica silanol functions for example, trimethoxy-, triethoxy- or tripropoxysilane
- trimethoxy-, triethoxy- or tripropoxysilane an organic compound which also comprises the diamido-phosphonate complexing unit.
- the grafting of the organic molecules onto the inorganic solid support can be obtained by a two-step process, which consists of:
- the organic molecules of general formula (I) above correspond to the molecular set formed by what remains of the first and second organic compounds after the reactive functions F1 and F2, then F3 and F4 reacted together.
- the covalent grafting of the organic molecules onto the inorganic solid support can be obtained by first reacting silica silanols (-SiOH) functions. with a trialkoxysilane function of a first organic compound which also comprises an amine function, then reacting this amino function with a carboxylic acid function of a second organic compound which also comprises the complexing diamidophosphonate unit.
- silica silanols -SiOH
- the aqueous sulfuric acid solution from which the uranium (VI) is extracted is advantageously a solution which is derived from the leaching of a uranium-containing ore by sulfuric acid, in which case this aqueous solution typically comprises from 0.1 to 10 g / l of uranium, from 0.1 to 2 mol / l of sulphate ions, at an acidity of 0.01 to 0.5 mol / l.
- the extraction of uranium (VI) from an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid using an organic-inorganic hybrid material as defined above is extremely simple to implement since it is sufficient to put this aqueous solution into contact with the material, for example in a stirred reactor or in a column, for a time sufficient to allow the uranium (VI) to be complexed by the material, and then to separate the aqueous solution from the material. Typically, 0.01 to 1 L of aqueous solution will be used for 0.05 to 5 kg of material.
- the invention also relates to a process for recovering uranium (VI) present in an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid, which process comprises:
- step b) washing the hybrid organic-inorganic material obtained at the end of step a) with water;
- step b) the extraction of the uranium (VI) of the hybrid organic-inorganic material obtained at the end of step b) by contacting the hybrid organic-inorganic material with an aqueous solution comprising sulfuric acid, and separation of the organic-inorganic hybrid material and the aqueous solution comprising sulfuric acid.
- the aqueous sulfuric acid solution which is used in step a), is advantageously advantageously a solution which is derived from the leaching of a uranium-containing ore by sulfuric acid, in which case this aqueous solution typically comprises from 0.1 to 10 g / l of uranium, from 0.1 to 2 mol / l of sulphate ions, at an acidity of 0.01 to 0.5 mol / l.
- the water, which is used in step b), is preferably deionized water while the aqueous solution comprising sulfuric acid, which is used in step c), is preferably a solution which comprises 1 to 10 mol / L of sulfuric acid.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates the preparation of a first organic-inorganic hybrid material useful according to the invention, in which the inorganic solid support is a mesoporous silica and in which the organic molecules correspond to the general formula (I) above in wherein m and v are 1, R 1 and R 2 are both 2-ethylhexyl, R 3 is - (Chhb-SiOs-, R 4 is ethyl, and R 5 is hydrogen .
- FIG. 2 schematically illustrates the preparation of a second hybrid organic-inorganic material useful according to the invention, in which the inorganic solid support is a mesoporous carbon and in which the organic molecules correspond to the general formula (I) above in wherein R 1 and R 2 are both 2-ethylhexyl, R 3 is -CH 2 -C (O) -NH-CH 2 -C-, R 4 is ethyl, while R 5 is 'hydrogen.
- Figure 3 schematically illustrates the reaction scheme of the synthesis of an organic compound useful for the preparation of the organic-inorganic hybrid materials shown in Figures 1 and 2.
- M1 material which comprises a mesoporous silica having a hexagonal periodic structure
- SBA-15 type on which are grafted organic molecules of the general formula (I) above in which:
- n 1;
- R 1 and R 2 are both 2-ethylhexyl
- R 3 is - (C hb-SiOs-,
- R 4 represents an ethyl group
- R 5 represents a hydrogen atom.
- This hybrid organic-inorganic material is prepared by the method illustrated in Figure 1, which comprises:
- the mesoporous silica is synthesized according to an operating protocol identical to that described by Zhao et al. in Science 1998, 279, 548-552, reference [7]. It has pores 9.1 nm in diameter (as determined by the BJH method) and a BET specific surface area of 800 m 2 / g (as determined by adsorption-desorption of nitrogen).
- the mesoporous silica (1.8 g) is suspended in a solution containing 0.5 g of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane in 20 ml. toluene.
- the mixture is heated at 90 ° C for 48 hours under nitrogen, then filtered and washed with acetone before being treated with acetone in soxhlet for 48 hours.
- the aminosilice thus obtained is dried in an oven (80 ° C) for 20 hours.
- RT141 is synthesized using the reaction scheme comprising Steps A, B, C and D which is illustrated in Figure 3.
- this synthesis consists in reacting, in a first step denoted A, 2,2'-diethylhexylamine, denoted 1, with chloroacetyl chloride, denoted 2, to obtain 2-chloro / V , N-diethylhexylacetamide, denoted 3 in this figure.
- This Arbuzov reaction is carried out by carrying a mixture of 2-chloro-N, N-diethylhexylacetamide (1 eq) and triethylphosphite (1.2 eq) at 160 ° C under reflux for 3 hours. Once the acetamide has been consumed (which is verified by TLC using dichloromethane as eluent and UV or phosphomolybdic acid as developer), the excess phosphite is distilled under reduced pressure. This gives the expected compound (Yield: quantitative) whose characterizations by RM N 1 H, 13 C and 31 P are given below.
- diethyl-1- (/ V, / V-diethylhexylcarbamoyl) methylphosphonate is subjected to a C-alkylation reaction to obtain 3 - (/ V, / V-di ( Ethyl 2-ethylhexyl) carbamoyl) -3- (diethoxy) phosphono) propanoate, denoted 5 in this figure.
- diethyl 1- (N, N-diethylhexylcarbamoyl) methylphosphonate (previously dried for 2.5 hours at 80 ° C. in vacuo) is added dropwise with stirring and with stirring in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran. (THF - 1 eq - 1 mol / L) to a suspension of sodium hydride (1.5 eq - previously washed with pentane) in anhydrous THF (2 mol / L). The mixture is stirred for 1 hour at room temperature and then the solution is cooled to 0 ° C. and a solution of ethyl acetate bromide (1.5 eq).
- ethyl 3- (N, N-di (2-ethylhexyl) carbamoyl) -3- (diethoxy) phosphono) propanoate is subjected to a saponification reaction to obtain the RT141 compound.
- This saponification is carried out by adding to a solution of ethyl 3- (N, N-di (2-ethylhexyl) carbamoyl) -3- (diethoxy) phosphono) propanoate at 0.4 mol / L in ethanol. 20% sodium hydroxide solution (6 eq.). The mixture is refluxed for 3 hours. After cooling, the mixture is acidified to pH 1 with a 1 mol / l aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid and then extracted twice with dichloromethane. The aqueous and organic phases are separated and the organic phase is dried over Na 2 SO 4 , filtered and concentrated.
- the aminosilice (1 eq of amino functions) and the compound RT141 (2 eq.) are reacted in anhydrous THF in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DDC-2 eq.), Of / V-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt-2 eq. .) and diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA - 1.5 eq.) for 48 hours, at room temperature and under argon flow.
- DDC-2 eq. dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
- HOBt-2 eq. . V-hydroxybenzotriazole
- DIPEA - 1.5 eq. diisopropylethylamine
- reaction medium is filtered, the residue is washed several times with dichloromethane and methanol and dried under vacuum at 90 ° C.
- NMR 29 Si ⁇ (ppm): -59.01; -66.05 (T 2 and T 3 sites); -101.12; -110.01 (sites Q 3 and Q 4 );
- Pore diameter (model BJH): 5.5 nm
- Quantity of molecules of compound RT141 grafted 0.46 mmol / g of material Ml.
- M2 material which comprises a mesoporous carbon
- M2 material which comprises a mesoporous carbon
- n 1;
- R 1 and R 2 are both a 2-ethylhexyl group
- R 3 represents a group -CH2-C-
- R 4 represents an ethyl group
- R 5 represents a hydrogen atom.
- This hybrid organic-inorganic material is prepared by the process illustrated in Figure 2, which comprises:
- the mesoporous carbon is synthesized following the operating procedure described by Jun et al. in Journal of the American Chemical Society 2000, 122, 10712-10713, reference [8]. It has pores 3.5 nm in diameter (as determined by the BJH method) and a BET specific surface area of 1400 m 2 / g (as determined by adsorption-desorption of nitrogen).
- the mesoporous carbon (0.5 g) is suspended in pure propargylamine.
- the mixture is placed in an autoclave heated at 100 ° C for 48 hours. After that, it is washed with acetone in soxhlet for 48 hours.
- the aminocarbon thus obtained is dried in an oven (80 ° C.) during
- This grafting is carried out following an identical operating procedure to that described in Example 1 above for the grafting of the RT141 compound on the aminosilice.
- test 1 a first test - hereinafter test 1 - in which one uses 100.3 mg of material M1 and an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid which comprises 0.0125 mol / L of sulphate ions, and
- test 2 a second test - hereinafter test 2 - in which 102.8 mg of material Ml and an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid which comprises 0.533 mol / l of sulfate ions are used.
- this solution has the same pH as the solution used in test 1
- the increase in the sulphate ion content is carried out by adding sodium sulphate salt (Na 2 SO 4 ).
- the concentrations of uranium (VI) are determined in the aqueous sulfuric acid solutions before they are mixed with the hybrid material M1 and in the filtrates.
- Cini initial concentration in the aqueous solution of sulfuric acid (in mg / L);
- Table I I presents the results obtained for each of the solid phases obtained after the tests 1 and 2.
- This composition has a high concentration of sulphate ions of 0.5 mol / L, a ratio of molar concentrations U (VI)] / SO 4 2 ⁇ of 10 ⁇ 3 . Its pH is 2.1.
- test 3 a first test - hereinafter test 3 - in which 100.5 mg of material M1 is used and a second test - hereinafter test 4 - in which 101.1 mg of material M1 is used.
- the concentrations of uranium (VI), iron, titanium, zirconium and molybdenum are determined filtrates.
- Kdu is the distribution coefficient of uranium (VI)
- KdM is the distribution coefficient of the metal cation M with respect to which the selectivity for uranium is appreciated.
- a coefficient of selectivity SU / M> to 1 indicates a selectivity for uranium with respect to the metal cation M.
- Test 4 8.15 1.90 0.55 2.61
- This table shows that the material Ml extracts the uranium preferentially to the other metal cations except in the case of zirconium since the selectivity coefficient Su / zr is less than 1.
- Table V below presents the results obtained for each of the solid phases obtained after tests 3 and 4.
- the material M u l can extract uranium (VI) of an aqueous solution of sulfuric acid with a capacity of the order of 5 g / kg of material;
- the material M l has a very high selectivity for uranium (VI) with respect to iron and titanium and a lower but nevertheless strong selectivity towards molybdenum;
- Table VII below shows, for uranium (VI), iron and titanium, their initial concentration in the aqueous solution of sulfuric acid (Cini), their final concentration in the filtrate (Cfin), the quantity extracted per g of material Ml (C), their distribution coefficient (Kd) and, for iron and titanium, the selectivity coefficient of the material Ml for uranium (VI) with respect to each of these two cations Metallic (SU / M).
- the solid phase as obtained at the end of the extraction test described in point 3.3.1 above, is washed 3 times with de-ionized water and the quantities of uranium are determined (VI ), iron and titanium still present on this solid phase after these washes.
- the amount of uranium (VI) is 13.17 mg of material M 1, while the amounts of iron and tita are equal to 0 mg / g of material M 1, which means that after 3 washes with water, the material M l has a total selectivity for uranium (VI) vis-à-vis iron and titanium.
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AU2014345636A AU2014345636B2 (en) | 2013-11-08 | 2014-11-06 | Use of an organic-inorganic hybrid material for extracting uranium(VI) from a sulfuric acid aqueous solution, issued notably from the sulfuric leaching of a uranium-bearing ore |
US15/034,779 US10006103B2 (en) | 2013-11-08 | 2014-11-06 | Use of an organic-inorganic hybrid material for extracting uranium(VI) from a sulfuric acid aqueous solution, issued notably from the sulfuric leaching of a uranium-bearing ore |
CA2929405A CA2929405C (fr) | 2013-11-08 | 2014-11-06 | Utilisation d'un materiau hybride organique-inorganique pour extraire l'uranium(vi) d'une solution aqueuse d'acide sulfurique, issue notamment de la lixiviation sulfurique d'un minerai uranifere |
BR112016009930-3A BR112016009930B1 (pt) | 2013-11-08 | 2014-11-06 | uso de um material híbrido orgânico-inorgânico e processo de recuperação do urânio |
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FR3060006B1 (fr) | 2016-12-13 | 2020-02-28 | Orano Mining | Materiau organique mesoporeux, utile notamment pour extraire l'uranium(vi) de milieux aqueux comprenant de l'acide phosphorique, et ses utilisations |
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US4622366A (en) * | 1982-05-26 | 1986-11-11 | Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute | Uranium adsorbing material and process for preparing the same |
US6265483B1 (en) * | 1994-10-05 | 2001-07-24 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Polyazacycloalkanes, tri, tetra- or penta-azamacrocyclic complexes, processes for the production of these substituted or unsubstituted polyazacycloalkanes grafted to a support and uses of polyazacycloalkanes and the aforementioned complexes |
US6667016B1 (en) * | 1997-10-29 | 2003-12-23 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique And Compagnie Generale Des Matieres Nucleaires | Inorganic-organic hybrid gels for extracting species such as lanthanides and actinides, and their preparation |
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FR3002463B1 (fr) * | 2013-02-25 | 2016-08-19 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Materiau hybride organique-inorganique, utile pour extraire l'uranium(vi) de milieux aqueux contenant de l'acide phosphorique, ses procedes de preparation et ses utilisations |
FR3002951B1 (fr) * | 2013-03-11 | 2015-04-17 | Areva Mines | Utilisation de composes a fonctions amide et phosphonate pour extraire l'uranium(vi) de solutions aqueuses d'acide sulfurique, issues notamment de la lixiviation sulfurique de minerais uraniferes |
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US6265483B1 (en) * | 1994-10-05 | 2001-07-24 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique | Polyazacycloalkanes, tri, tetra- or penta-azamacrocyclic complexes, processes for the production of these substituted or unsubstituted polyazacycloalkanes grafted to a support and uses of polyazacycloalkanes and the aforementioned complexes |
US6667016B1 (en) * | 1997-10-29 | 2003-12-23 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique And Compagnie Generale Des Matieres Nucleaires | Inorganic-organic hybrid gels for extracting species such as lanthanides and actinides, and their preparation |
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BR112016009930B1 (pt) | 2021-01-12 |
CA2929405C (fr) | 2021-11-23 |
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