WO2015066901A1 - 一种密封剂组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种密封剂组合物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015066901A1
WO2015066901A1 PCT/CN2013/086796 CN2013086796W WO2015066901A1 WO 2015066901 A1 WO2015066901 A1 WO 2015066901A1 CN 2013086796 W CN2013086796 W CN 2013086796W WO 2015066901 A1 WO2015066901 A1 WO 2015066901A1
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Prior art keywords
weight
parts
sealant
water
soluble polymer
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PCT/CN2013/086796
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林冠峰
陈伟明
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精联科技有限公司
林冠峰
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Application filed by 精联科技有限公司, 林冠峰 filed Critical 精联科技有限公司
Priority to MX2016005983A priority Critical patent/MX2016005983A/es
Priority to PCT/CN2013/086796 priority patent/WO2015066901A1/zh
Priority to EP13896954.8A priority patent/EP3067403A4/en
Publication of WO2015066901A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015066901A1/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C73/00Repairing of articles made from plastics or substances in a plastic state, e.g. of articles shaped or produced by using techniques covered by this subclass or subclass B29D
    • B29C73/16Auto-repairing or self-sealing arrangements or agents
    • B29C73/163Sealing compositions or agents, e.g. combined with propellant agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/04Oxygen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/05Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
    • C08K5/053Polyhydroxylic alcohols

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sealant, and more particularly to a sealant composition for use in repairing perforations in a tire, and to a method of making the sealant composition.
  • the liquid tire sealant can be used to temporarily seal the perforations during tire operation. It provides the driver with a temporary emergency remedy that allows the driver to continue the journey and seek help after the tire has been punctured. It is especially important for vehicles on the road.
  • a liquid tire sealant is composed of a sealing material, a tackifier, and a solvent containing an antifreeze.
  • sealing materials include latex, butyl rubber and various particulate materials.
  • Tackifiers are chemicals used to increase adhesion, and tackifiers commonly used in tire sealants are resin compounds.
  • Antifreeze agents such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol, can be used to reduce the freezing point of the tire sealant, thereby preventing the sealant from solidifying in a low temperature operating environment.
  • US Patent No. 5059636 A non-petroleum based tire sealant is disclosed in which a vulcanized rubber powder, wheat flour, calcium salt and the like are used.
  • the disadvantage of this sealant is that the valve plug on the tire needs to be removed before use, that is, the valve-open type sealant.
  • sealants based on the plugging mechanism of logs, including but not limited to US Patent 2002/0077391 A1, 2007/0129464 A1, 2007/0203260, international patent WO 2008/022402, PCT/AU2008/001499
  • This type of tire sealant has the advantages of being odorless, having a long shelf life, and being easy to clean after use, but its sealing performance is relatively poor.
  • a latex suspension is a highly viscous fluid that adheres firmly to the perforated wall and eventually blocks the gas leak path.
  • latex-based sealants have disadvantages such as difficulty in cleaning after use, indeterminate blocking properties, irritation to the skin of the eyes, and the use of volatile organic compounds.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a through-type tire sealant composition which is environmentally friendly, has less sedimentation, has a long shelf life, can be quickly sealed, and is easy to clean after use, in view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art.
  • another technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a through-type tire sealant which is environmentally friendly, has little sedimentation, has a long storage period, can be quickly sealed, and is easy to clean after use.
  • the sealant composition comprises from 80% to 95% by weight of liquid carrier, from 0.1% to 10% by weight.
  • a gel material derived from a water-soluble polymer, a latex of 1-10% by weight, a rigid particle of 0.1 to 5% by weight as a filler, and a weight percentage of 0.1 to 5% Surfactant.
  • the liquid carrier comprises water and an antifreeze; the antifreeze comprising at least one of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and glycerin: ethylene glycol in the sealant composition
  • the weight percentage is 5-70%, the weight percentage of propylene glycol in the sealant composition is 5-70%, and the weight percentage of glycerin in the sealant composition is 5-60%.
  • the water soluble polymer comprises a naturally derived water soluble polymer and Or artificially synthesizing a water-soluble polymer
  • the weight percentage of the rigid particles as a filler in the sealant composition is preferably from 1 to 3%, and the particle size is from 0.05 to 320 ⁇ m.
  • the rigid particles form a plug at the perforations
  • the gel material derived from the water-soluble polymer enhances the sealing property by filling the voids at the perforations
  • the addition of the latex further improves the sealing performance of the sealant.
  • the latex comprises at least one of a pure natural latex, a synthetic latex, and an improved natural latex. In order to improve the stability of the latex component and the wettability and spreadability of the liquid sealant in the tire, it is necessary to add at least one suitable surfactant.
  • the sealant further comprises 0.1-1% by weight according to the corresponding functional requirements.
  • An additive comprising at least one of an antifoaming agent, an anticorrosive agent, a preservative, a colorant, and a flavoring agent.
  • the sealant further comprises 0.05 - 3 % by weight Bentonite to reduce precipitation.
  • the sealant composition has a viscosity in the range of 19.3 - 5000 mPas and a pH in the range of 8 - 10
  • the sealing function is effective between -40 °C and 80 °C.
  • the method for preparing the sealant composition in parts by weight includes the following steps:
  • a. 0.1-10 parts by weight of the water-soluble polymer is converted into a derivatized gel material in 80-95 parts by weight of the liquid carrier;
  • step b Add 0.1-5 parts by weight of rigid particles and 1-10 to the gel suspension obtained in step a Parts by weight of latex and thoroughly mixed;
  • the relative 100 The method of converting the water-soluble polymer into a derivatized gel material comprises the following steps in parts by weight of the sealant composition:
  • a . 0.1-10 parts by weight of chitosan is added to 10-60 parts by weight of water;
  • the sealing agent composition of the invention has the beneficial effects that the sealant is environmentally friendly, safe and non-toxic, and can seal the tire perforation efficiently and instantly; and the size of the perforation that can be sealed is the size and quantity of the particles in the solid component of the sealant. To decide, it can be sealed by diameter 6.35mm or even larger piercing formed by puncture. It is a straight-through sealant that eliminates the need to remove the valve plug before injection and is very easy to use. The sealant is at -40 ° C to It works well between 80 °C. The sealing effect lasts from 12 to 48 hours or longer depending on the exact sealant composition; at the same time, the applied sealant can be easily cleaned with water after use.
  • the sealant composition for repairing perforations in the tire is based on log blockage and glue blockage ( Viscous gel clogging A new enhanced tire sealant composition that combines mechanisms.
  • the sealant composition comprises 80-95% by weight of liquid carrier, and the weight percentage is 0.1-10% of the gel material derived from the water-soluble polymer, 1-10% by weight of the latex, 0.1% by weight of the rigid particles as the filler and the weight percentage 0.1-5 % surfactant.
  • the specific preparation method comprises the following steps:
  • a. 0.1-10 parts by weight of the water-soluble polymer is converted into a derivatized gel material in 80-95 parts by weight of the liquid carrier;
  • 1. 0.1-10 parts by weight of the water-soluble polymer is converted into a derivatized gel material in 10-60 parts by weight of water;
  • step 2 Add antifreeze, 0.1-5 parts by weight of rigid particles and 1-10 to the gel suspension obtained in step 1. Parts by weight of latex and mixed thoroughly;
  • step 3 Add 0.1-5 parts by weight of surfactant and 0.1-1 to the composition obtained in step 2. The parts by weight of the additive are thoroughly mixed.
  • the water-soluble polymer may be a naturally-derived water-soluble polymer such as chitosan, sodium alginate, sericin or the like, or a synthetic water-soluble polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol.
  • the water soluble polymer is converted to a flexible gel material by physical or chemical means.
  • chitosan is used as the water-soluble polymer for preparing the gel material, and the chitosan can be obtained by deacetylation from chitin extracted from the shell of the crustacean.
  • the original form of chitosan is often present in rigid sheets that are soluble in acidic media, where the acid can be any type of acid, but dilute acetic acid and hydrochloric acid are preferred for low toxicity.
  • the chitosan rigid sheet is placed in an acidic medium, and any type of alkali is added before the chitosan is dissolved. It is recommended to use sodium hydroxide to reprecipitate the chitosan by neutralization and obtain a reprecipitated shell. Glycans.
  • the method of converting a water-soluble polymer chitosan into a derivatized gel material comprises the following steps with respect to 100 parts by weight of the sealant composition:
  • a . 0.1-10 parts by weight of chitosan is added to 10-60 parts by weight of water;
  • step b Adding an appropriate amount of acid, preferably acetic acid, to the solution obtained in step a, and adjusting the pH of the solution to a range of 0-5;
  • acid preferably acetic acid
  • the derivatized gel material can be obtained by mixing uniformly.
  • the reprecipitated chitosan has a different particle structure than its original form, and it exhibits a soft, translucent and elastic gel material suspended in a liquid medium. Neutralization rate, final pH of solution during neutralization Both the value and the shear applied during mixing or homogenization will determine the exact size and hardness of the final derived gel particles.
  • the water soluble polymer is selected from chitosan. The size and hardness of the gel particles are controlled by the applied shear force during mixing or homogenization to pass through a 60-mesh sieve; the sealant is prepared to contain 0.1-10% by weight.
  • Reprecipitated chitosan prepared by dissolving 50-500 micron chitosan particles under acidic conditions, and the final pH range of the liquid suspension is between 7-10 .
  • water-soluble polymers which can exist in the form of a gel material in a given liquid medium, such as sodium alginate, sericin and polyvinyl alcohol, are also used for preparing the sealant combination. Things.
  • polyvinyl alcohol as a synthetic water-soluble polymer can also be used to prepare the derivatized gel material, which is prepared by dissolving it in warm water and then allowing it to be under controlled conditions with a suitable chemical reactant.
  • a suitable chemical reactant such as SDS (The derivatized gel material is obtained by reacting sodium dodecyl sulfate, that is, sodium lauryl sulfate or sodium silicate.
  • the water-derived polymer derived Gel material which can be added with other reinforcing materials such as rigid particles and compounds of calcium, magnesium and other metal ions.
  • Pure natural and / will also be added to the sealant composition
  • synthetic latex to further improve sealing performance, and modified natural latexes such as deproteinized latex and deionized phosphorus-containing latex are also suitable for use in the present invention.
  • the latex is 1-10% by weight in the sealant , far less than the latex content in latex-based tire sealants in the traditional market. In the experimental stage, when the latex is not added, the weight percentage of the solid latex is 0%.
  • the straight-through effect of the resulting sealant composition is 'good', that is, 90% or more is successful; the sealing effect is 'general', that is, only 50% The above success.
  • the sealing ability of the sealant composition after the addition of the latex is 'good', and it can be seen that the latex as an important component of the sealant can significantly improve the sealing ability of the sealant composition.
  • the tire sealant also comprises 0. 1-5 % by weight of rigid chitosan particles, and the optimum weight percentage is 1 -3%.
  • the rigid chitosan has a particle size between 5 and 320 microns, preferably between 5 and 100 microns.
  • a rigid particle component in the sealant it is not limited to Chitosan material, other solid particles ranging from 0.05 microns to 320 microns can be used for the present invention, such as Materials such as hollow microspheres, silica, wollastonite, diatomaceous earth, kaolinite, mica, rubber powder, porous silica and silica gel are also used for the preparation of sealants.
  • the specific gravity of rigid particles is recommended to be less than 1.5. Although particles with higher density can be used. Further, the addition of 0.05 to 3% by weight of bentonite to the sealant composition can further prevent precipitation and sedimentation in the sealant.
  • the rigid particles will accumulate at the perforations, and the plugging formed by the blocking particles is combined with the gel material derived from the water-soluble polymer in the solution. .
  • the preparation of the gel material has been described above, and it can make the sealing performance superior.
  • This gel material and rigid particles are compatible with each other without significant chemical reaction.
  • the gel material used is the same source of reprecipitated chitosan as the rigid chitosan particles, with excellent compatibility.
  • the added latex can further improve the sealing performance by forming a latex rubber at the tire perforation.
  • the weight percentage of the liquid carrier in the sealant composition is 80-95%
  • the liquid carrier is composed of water and an antifreeze, wherein the water content is 10-60% by weight of the sealant composition.
  • the liquid medium is used to suspend the gel material and the rigid particles derived from the water-soluble polymer, and is also used to dissolve various selectively added additives.
  • Antifreeze added to the liquid carrier such as ethylene glycol or propylene glycol ( Propylene glycol ) and glycerin, etc., are intended to broaden the applicable temperature range of the sealant.
  • An antifreeze or a mixture of various antifreeze agents as described above may be used in the present invention to lower the freezing point of the liquid carrier.
  • the antifreeze comprises a weight percentage in the sealant composition 5-70% by weight of ethylene glycol, 5-70% by weight of propylene glycol in the sealant composition and 5-60% by weight of the sealant composition At least one of the glycerol.
  • the antifreeze is formulated using at least one of ethylene glycol, glycerin, 1,2-propanediol, and 1,3-propanediol to reduce the freezing point of the sealant to -40 °C (Preferred Example 3), the sealant composition is used at an effective temperature ranging from -40 °C to 80 °C. It can also be used in the sealant as 1-10% by weight Inorganic salts such as calcium chloride or magnesium chloride control the effective temperature of the sealant.
  • the percentage by weight of surfactant in the sealant composition is 0.1-5 %
  • At least one surfactant may be appropriately added to improve the stability and functionality of the sealant, and the type of surfactant used is based on the latex added in the sealant. The type to decide.
  • the surfactant may be selected from Tween. 20 to at least one of Tween 85, SDS, and a surfactant such as cetyl trimethylammonium bromide.
  • the weight percentage of the sealant composition is 0.1-1, depending on the specific functional requirements, without affecting the sealing function of the sealant.
  • % Other additives.
  • the addition of a tackifier can increase the adhesion of the rigid and flexible suspended particles to the perforated wall while controlling the viscosity of the solution.
  • the addition of preservatives can extend the shelf life of the sealant, and corrosion inhibitors can also be added to prevent rust.
  • the addition of zinc oxide or titanium oxide prevents the sealant from decomposing when exposed to sunlight.
  • Other additives such as fragrances and colorants can be selectively and appropriately added without affecting the sealing function of the sealant.
  • the sealant composition includes 0.1-1% by weight Preservative to prevent degradation of components in the sealant formulation, extending the shelf life of the sealant to 5 years or longer; also includes 0-0.5% by weight Defoamer to avoid foaming.
  • an anti-corrosion additive with a weight percentage of 0.1-1% is added to prevent the sealant from rusting in the tire without affecting the sealing performance.
  • the viscosity is between 19.3 and 5000 mPas, and the pH is between 7 and 11, preferably. Between 8-10. Due to the presence of gel materials and bentonite, the precipitation of the sealant within 24 hours is negligible, and the use of low density rigid particles such as hollow microspheres can also solve the settling problem.
  • Sealant performance test method at least 300ml of prepared sealant is injected into the hose through a hose under high pressure (preferably 3-7 bar)
  • the valve plug can be removed or not removed during the injection process.
  • the volume of the injected sealant can be less than 300ml in practical applications, but in this test, 300ml It is used as a test benchmark.
  • a conventional spike with a diameter of 6.35mm is used to pierce the tire before or during the rotation of the tire.
  • Other sizes of perforations have also been tested but are now 6.35mm in diameter. The perforation is the test standard.
  • the test tires are mounted on a car, the tire sealant is injected into the tires, and then driving 20km Inside.
  • the air inside the tire leaks through the perforation, and the sealing performance of the sealant can be recorded by measuring the inner tube pressure every 3 to 5 km.
  • the pressure loss measured by this test is less than 0.1 Ba, the data shows that the sealant can successfully and instantly seal the tire perforation.
  • the perforation position is turned up, and the pressure drop remains stable, that is, the sealant can still be stably sealed.
  • the pressure loss was measured again to determine its sealing performance.
  • each component is based on 100 parts by weight of the final composition, respectively: 38.4 parts by weight of water, an antifreeze composed of 39.4 parts by weight of 1,2-propanediol and 11.7 parts by weight of glycerol, 1.1 parts by weight of water-soluble polymer chitosan and 0.3
  • the gel material obtained by converting acetic acid by weight and 1.3 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide, that is, reprecipitated chitosan, rigid particles composed of 0.5 parts by weight of silica and 0.1 part by weight of mica, 4.5 Parts by weight of solid latex, 2.3 parts by weight of surfactant, 0.2 parts by weight of preservative, 0-0.2 parts by weight of antifoaming agent and 0.2 parts by weight of bentonite.
  • the freezing point is -30 °C
  • the pH is 9.27
  • the viscosity at 25 ⁇ 5 °C is 29.0 mPas
  • the straight-through capability is 'good'
  • the sealing ability is 'good'.
  • each component is based on 100 parts by weight of the final composition, respectively: 38.4 parts by weight of water, 51 parts by weight of 1,2-propanediol, 1.1 parts by weight of water-soluble polymer chitosan and 0.3 parts by weight of acetic acid and 1.3 a gel material obtained by using sodium hydroxide in parts by weight, rigid particles composed of 0.5 part by weight of silica and 0.1 part by weight of mica, 4.5 parts by weight of a solid latex, 2.3 parts by weight of a surfactant, 0.2 parts by weight of a preservative, 0-0.2 parts by weight of an antifoaming agent, and 0.2 parts by weight of bentonite.
  • the obtained sealant 2 has a freezing point of -30 ° C and a pH of 9.30 at 25
  • the viscosity at 5 °C is 51.7mPas, the straight-through capability is 'good', and the sealing ability is 'good'.
  • each component is based on 100 parts by weight of the final composition, respectively: 27.4 parts by weight of water, 61 parts by weight of 1,2-propanediol, 1.1 parts by weight of water-soluble polymer chitosan and 0.3 parts by weight of acetic acid and 1.3 a gel material obtained by using sodium hydroxide in parts by weight, rigid particles composed of 0.5 part by weight of silica and 0.1 part by weight of mica, 4.5 parts by weight of a solid latex, 2.3 parts by weight of a surfactant, 0.2 parts by weight of a preservative, 0-0.2 parts by weight of an antifoaming agent, and 0.2 parts by weight of bentonite.
  • the obtained sealant 3 has a freezing point of -40 ° C and a pH of 9.28 at 25
  • the viscosity at 7 °C is 78.5 mPas, the straight-through capability is 'good', and the sealing ability is 'good'.
  • each component is based on 100 parts by weight of the final composition, respectively: 38.4 parts by weight of water, 51 parts by weight of ethylene glycol, a gel material prepared from 1.1 parts by weight of water-soluble polymer chitosan and 0.3 parts by weight of acetic acid and 1.3 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide, 0.5 parts by weight of silica and 0.1 parts by weight of rigid particles composed of mica, 4.5 parts by weight of solid latex, 2.3 parts by weight of surfactant, 0.2 parts by weight of preservative, 0-0.2 Parts by weight of defoamer and 0.2 parts by weight of bentonite.
  • the obtained sealant 4 has a freezing point of -30 ° C, a pH of 9.19, and a viscosity at 25 ⁇ 5 ° C. 23.1mPas, the straight-through capability is 'good' and the sealing ability is 'good'.
  • each component is based on 100 parts by weight of the final composition, respectively: 38.5 parts by weight of water, an antifreeze composed of 39.6 parts by weight of 1,2-propanediol and 5.0 parts by weight of ethylene glycol, 1.3 parts by weight of water-soluble polymer chitosan and 0.3 a gel material obtained by parts by weight of acetic acid and 1.5 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide, rigid particles composed of 0.5 part by weight of silica and 0.1 part by weight of mica, 4.5 parts by weight of solid latex, 2.8 A part by weight of a surfactant, 0.2 part by weight of a preservative, 0 to 0.2 part by weight of an antifoaming agent, and 0.2 part by weight of bentonite.
  • the obtained sealant 5 has a freezing point of -30 ° C, and the pH is 9.43, the viscosity at 29. 5mPas at 25 ⁇ 5 °C, the straight-through ability is 'good', and the sealing ability is 'good'.
  • each component is based on 100 parts by weight of the final composition, respectively: 38.4 parts by weight of water, an antifreeze composed of 40 parts by weight of 1,3-propanediol and 11 parts by weight of glycerol, 1.1 parts by weight of water-soluble polymer chitosan and 0.3 parts by weight of acetic acid and 1.3 parts by weight of a gelatinous material prepared from sodium hydroxide, rigid particles consisting of 0.5 parts by weight of silica and 0.1 part by weight of mica, 4.5 parts by weight of solid latex, 2.3 A part by weight of a surfactant, 0.2 part by weight of a preservative, 0 to 0.2 part by weight of an antifoaming agent, and 0.2 part by weight of bentonite.
  • the obtained sealant 6 has a freezing point of -30 ° C, and the pH is 9.65, the viscosity is 19.3mPas at 25 ⁇ 5 °C, the straight-through ability is 'good', and the sealing ability is 'good'.
  • each component is based on 100 parts by weight of the final composition, respectively: 38.4 parts by weight of water, an antifreeze composed of 41.6 parts by weight of 1,2-propanediol and 10.4 parts by weight of 1,3-propanediol, 1.1 parts by weight of water-soluble polymer chitosan and a gel material obtained by 0.3 parts by weight of acetic acid and 1.3 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide, rigid particles composed of 0.5 parts by weight of silica and 0.1 part by weight of mica, 4.5 parts by weight of solid latex, 2.3 parts by weight of a surfactant, 0.2 parts by weight of a preservative, 0 to 0.2 parts by weight of an antifoaming agent, and 0.2 parts by weight of bentonite.
  • the obtained sealant 7 has a freezing point of -30 °C.
  • the pH value is 9.32
  • the viscosity at 26. ⁇ 5 °C is 26.2 mPas
  • the straight-through capability is 'good'
  • the sealing ability is 'good'.
  • the antifreeze in each of the examples is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, 1,2 propanediol, 1,3 At least one of propylene glycol and glycerin: wherein ethylene glycol accounts for 5 to 70 parts by weight of the sealant composition, 1,2 propanediol and 1,3 propanediol are all propylene glycol and propylene glycol is 100
  • the proportion by weight of the sealant composition is from 5 to 70 parts, and the glycerin is from 5 to 60 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the sealant composition.
  • Example 3 the liquid carrier consisted of 27.4 parts by weight of water and 61
  • the composition of 1,2-propanediol in parts by weight, the other components were exactly the same as in Example 2, but the freezing point of the sealant 3 prepared in Example 3 was expanded to -40 ° C, and the viscosity was increased to 78.5 mPas. And still has excellent sealing ability and straight-through ability.
  • each component is based on 100 parts by weight of the final composition, respectively: 37 Parts by weight of water, antifreeze composed of 39.4 parts by weight of propylene glycol and 11.7 parts by weight of glycerol, 1.1 parts by weight of water-soluble polymer chitosan and 0.3 parts by weight of acetic acid and 1.3 a gel material obtained by using sodium hydroxide in parts by weight, rigid particles composed of 0.5 part by weight of silica and 0.1 part by weight of mica, 2.2 parts by weight of a solid latex, 2.3 parts by weight of a surfactant, 0.2 parts by weight of a preservative, 0-0.2 parts by weight of an antifoaming agent, and 0.2 parts by weight of bentonite.
  • the obtained sealant 8 has a freezing point of -30 ° C and a pH of 9.08 at 25
  • the viscosity at 3 °C is 35.6 mPas, the straight-through capability is 'good', and the sealing ability is 'good'.
  • each component is based on 100 parts by weight of the final composition, respectively: 38.4 parts by weight of water, an antifreeze composed of 39.4 parts by weight of propylene glycol and 11.7 parts by weight of glycerol, 1.1 parts by weight of water-soluble polymer chitosan and 0.3 parts by weight of acetic acid and 1.3 parts by weight of a gelatinous material prepared from sodium hydroxide, rigid particles consisting of 0.5 parts by weight of silica and 0.1 part by weight of mica, 4.5 parts by weight of solid latex, 2.3 A part by weight of a surfactant, 0.2 part by weight of a preservative, 0 to 0.2 part by weight of an antifoaming agent, and 0.2 part by weight of bentonite.
  • the obtained sealant 9 has a freezing point of -30 ° C, and the pH is 9.27, the viscosity at 29 ⁇ 5 °C is 29mPas, the straight-through ability is 'good', and the sealing ability is 'good'.
  • each component is based on 100 parts by weight of the final composition, respectively: 34.3 parts by weight of water, an antifreeze composed of 39.2 parts by weight of propylene glycol and 11.6 parts by weight of glycerol, 1.1 parts by weight of water-soluble polymer chitosan and 0.3 parts by weight of acetic acid and 1.3 parts by weight of a gelatin material prepared from sodium hydroxide, rigid particles composed of 0.5 parts by weight of silica and 0.1 part by weight of mica, 8.9 parts by weight of solid latex, 2.3 A part by weight of a surfactant, 0.2 part by weight of a preservative, 0 to 0.2 part by weight of an antifoaming agent, and 0.2 part by weight of bentonite.
  • the obtained sealant 10 has a freezing point of -30 ° C, PH The value is 9.61, the viscosity at 5 ⁇ 5 °C is 52.7 mPas, the straight-through capability is 'good', and the sealing ability is 'good'.
  • each component is based on 100 parts by weight of the final composition, respectively: 38.3 parts by weight of water, an antifreeze composed of 43.2 parts by weight of propylene glycol and 5.7 parts by weight of ethylene glycol, 1.4 parts by weight of water-soluble polymer chitosan and 0.4 parts by weight of acetic acid and 1.6 parts by weight of a gelatinous material prepared from sodium hydroxide, rigid particles composed of 0.6 parts by weight of silica and 0.1 part by weight of mica, 5.5 parts by weight of solid latex, 2.8 A part by weight of a surfactant, 0.2 part by weight of a preservative, 0 to 0.2 part by weight of an antifoaming agent, and 0.2 part by weight of bentonite.
  • the obtained sealant 11 has a freezing point of -30 ° C, PH The value is 9.01, the viscosity at 28. ⁇ m °C is 28.3mPas, the straight-through capability is 'good', and the sealing ability is 'good'.
  • each component is based on 100 parts by weight of the final composition, respectively: 38.1 parts by weight of water, an antifreeze composed of 43 parts by weight of propylene glycol and 5.7 parts by weight of ethylene glycol, 1.4 parts by weight of water-soluble polymer chitosan and 0.4 parts by weight of acetic acid and 1.6 a gel material obtained by adding sodium hydroxide by weight, a rigid particle composed of 0.6 parts by weight of silica and 0.1 part by weight of mica and 0.6 part by weight of hollow microbeads, 5.4 parts by weight of a solid latex, 2.8 parts by weight of a surfactant, 0.2 parts by weight of a preservative, 0 to 0.2 parts by weight of an antifoaming agent, and 0.2 parts by weight of bentonite.
  • the obtained sealant 12 has a freezing point of -30 ° C.
  • the pH is 8.97, the viscosity at 27. ⁇ mPas at 25 ⁇ 5 °C, the pass-through ability is 'good', and the sealing ability is 'good'.
  • each component is based on 100 parts by weight of the final composition, respectively: 37.9 parts by weight of water, an antifreeze composed of 42.7 parts by weight of propylene glycol and 5.6 parts by weight of ethylene glycol, 1.3 parts by weight of water-soluble polymer chitosan and 0.4 parts by weight of acetic acid and 1.6 parts by weight of a gelatin material prepared from sodium hydroxide, rigid particles composed of 0.6 parts by weight of silica and 0.1 part by weight of mica and 1.2 parts by weight of hollow microspheres, 5.4 Parts by weight of a solid latex, 2.8 parts by weight of a surfactant, 0.2 parts by weight of a preservative, 0 to 0.2 parts by weight of an antifoaming agent, and 0.2 parts by weight of bentonite.
  • Sealant made 13 The freezing point is -30 °C, the pH is 8.90, the viscosity at 3 ⁇ 5 °C is 31.1 mP
  • each component is based on 100 parts by weight of the final composition, respectively: 38.1 parts by weight of water, an antifreeze composed of 43.0 parts by weight of propylene glycol and 5.7 parts by weight of ethylene glycol, 1.4 parts by weight of water-soluble polymer chitosan and 0.4 parts by weight of acetic acid and 1.6 parts by weight of a gelatin material prepared from sodium hydroxide, rigid particles composed of 0.6 parts by weight of silica and 0.1 part by weight of mica and 0.6 parts by weight of rubber powder, 5.4 Parts by weight of a solid latex, 2.8 parts by weight of a surfactant, 0.2 parts by weight of a preservative, 0 to 0.2 parts by weight of an antifoaming agent, and 0.2 parts by weight of bentonite.
  • Sealant made 14 The freezing point is -30 °C, the pH is 8.97, the viscosity at 27. ⁇ m °C is 27.1mPas,
  • the rigid particles account for 0.1-5 parts by weight of the sealant, and the usable size is 0.05. Solid particles between microns and 320 microns.
  • the rigid particles are composed of 0.6 parts by weight of silica and 0.1 parts by weight of mica; in the preferred embodiment 12 The rigid particles are increased by 0.6 parts by weight of the hollow microbeads; in the preferred embodiment 13, the rigid particles are composed of 0.6 parts by weight of silica and 0.1 parts by weight of mica and 1.2.
  • composition of the hollow microbeads is in parts by weight; in the preferred embodiment 13, the rigid particles are composed of 0.6 parts by weight of silica and 0.1 parts by weight of mica and 0.6. Composition by weight of rubber powder.
  • the sealant prepared in these four preferred embodiments is excellent in straight-through performance and sealing performance.
  • Example 15 In the preparation of the sealant 15, the components were based on 100 parts by weight of the final composition, respectively: 60 Parts by weight of water, antifreeze consisting of 30 parts by weight of 1,3-propanediol and 5 parts by weight of glycerol, 0.1 parts by weight of water-soluble polymer chitosan and 0.2 parts by weight of acetic acid and 0.7 A gel material obtained by weighting sodium hydroxide, 0.1 part by weight of mica as a rigid particle, 3 parts by weight of a solid latex, 0.7 part by weight of a surfactant, 0.05 part by weight of a preservative, 0.1 Parts by weight of defoamer and 0.05 parts by weight of bentonite.
  • the resulting sealant 15 has a pH of 8 and a viscosity of 120 mPas at 25 ⁇ 5 °C. The straight-through ability is 'good' and the sealing ability is 'good'.
  • Example 16 In the preparation of the sealant 16, each component is based on 100 parts by weight of the final composition, respectively: 10 Parts by weight of water, 70 parts by weight of 1,2-propanediol, a gel material prepared from 6.9 parts by weight of water-soluble polymer chitosan and 1 part by weight of acetic acid and 2.2 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide, 2.5 parts by weight of silica and 2.5 parts by weight of rigid particles composed of mica, 1 part by weight of solid latex, 0.1 part by weight of surfactant, 1 part by weight of preservative, 2.8 Parts by weight of bentonite.
  • the obtained sealant 16 has a pH of 10, a viscosity of 4989 mPas at 25 ⁇ 5 °C, a good pass-through capability, and a good sealability.
  • Example 17 In the preparation of the sealant 17, each component is based on 100 parts by weight of the final composition, respectively: 16.2 parts by weight of water, an antifreeze composed of 5 parts by weight of 1,3-propanediol and 60 parts by weight of glycerol, 1 part by weight of water-soluble polymer chitosan and 0.5 part by weight of acetic acid and 0.9 parts by weight of a gel material obtained from sodium hydroxide, rigid particles composed of 0.1 part by weight of silica and 0.5 part by weight of mica, 10 parts by weight of a solid latex, 5 parts by weight of a surfactant, 0.6 parts by weight of preservative, 0.2 parts by weight of bentonite.
  • the resulting sealant 17 has a pH of 9.2 and a viscosity of 890 mPa at 25 ⁇ 5 °C. The straight-through ability is 'good' and the sealing ability is 'good'.
  • Example 18 In the preparation of the sealant 18, the components were based on 100 parts by weight of the final composition, respectively: 10 Parts by weight of water, 70 parts by weight of ethylene glycol, a gel material prepared from 10 parts by weight of water-soluble polymer chitosan and 1.4 parts by weight of acetic acid and 2.4 parts by weight of sodium hydroxide, from 2.5 parts by weight Parts by weight of silica and 2.5 parts by weight of rigid particles of mica, 1 part by weight of solid latex, 0.1 part by weight of surfactant, 0.05 parts by weight of preservative and 0.05 Parts by weight of defoamer.
  • the obtained sealant 18 has a pH of 10, a viscosity of 5000 mPas at 25 ⁇ 5 ° C, a straight-through capability of 'good', and a sealing ability of 'good'.
  • Comparative Analysis Examples 15-18 each of which included the case where some of the components in the sealant composition were of terminal value.
  • the liquid carrier is 95 parts by weight, wherein the water content is 60 parts by weight, the glycerin content is 5 parts by weight, the water-soluble polymer content is 0.1 part by weight, and the content of the rigid particles is 0.1.
  • the content of parts by weight and bentonite was 0.05 parts by weight; and the obtained sealant 15 had a pH of 8 .
  • Example 16 the liquid carrier was 80 parts by weight, and the water content was 10
  • the content by weight of the propylene glycol is 70 parts by weight; the content of the rigid particles is 5 parts by weight, the content of the solid latex is 1 part by weight, the content of the surfactant is 0.1 part by weight, and the content of the additive is 1 Parts by weight; the sealant 16 obtained has a pH of 10 ⁇ .
  • the antifreeze is composed of 5 parts by weight of 1,3-propanediol and 60 parts by weight of glycerin, and the content of the solid latex is 10 parts by weight and a surfactant content of 5 parts by weight.
  • Example 18 the antifreeze was 70 parts by weight of ethylene glycol, the content of the water-soluble polymer was 10 parts by weight, and the content of the additive was 0.1. Parts by weight; the resulting sealant 18 has a viscosity of 5000 mPas at 25 ⁇ 5 °C.
  • Example 15-18 Sealant prepared 15-18 It still maintains good straight-through capability and sealing capability.

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种修补轮胎上的穿孔的密封剂组合物及其制备方法。所述密封剂组合物中包含重量百分比为80-95%的液态载体、重量百分比为0.1-10 %的由水溶聚合物衍生所得的凝胶材料、重量百分比为1-10 %的胶乳、重量百分比为0.1-5%的刚性颗粒和重量百分比为0.1-5%的表面活性剂。所述密封剂中还可根据需要添加重量百分比为0.1-1%的添加剂,比如消泡剂、防腐剂、防蚀剂、着色剂和香味剂等。本发明还涉及所述密封剂组合物的制备方法。

Description

一种密封剂组合物及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种密封剂,特别是一种应用于修补轮胎上的穿孔的密封剂组合物,还涉及制备所述密封剂组合物的方法。
背景技术
行驶道路上坚硬的物体,比如钉子、石头等偶尔会刺破轮胎,空气由穿孔泄漏而导致轮胎变扁,这容易造成交通事故,给驾驶员带来伤害。 在轮胎运转过程中,液态轮胎密封剂可用来暂时密封穿孔,它为驾驶员提供了一种临时的紧急补救措施,让驾驶员能在轮胎刺破后继续行程及寻求帮助,这对在高速公路上行驶的车辆来说尤为重要。
一般而言,液体轮胎密封剂由密封材料、增粘剂和包含防冻剂的溶剂组成。常用的密封材料包括胶乳、丁基橡胶和各种微粒物质。增粘剂是用于增加粘着性的化学品,常用于轮胎密封剂的增粘剂是树脂化合物。防冻剂,例如乙二醇和丙二醇,可用来降低轮胎密封剂的凝固点,从而防止密封剂在低温操作环境下凝固。
在过去的几十年中,人们发明了各种各样的液态轮胎密封剂。早期阶段,如相关专利包含但不限于欧洲专利 No.1382654 A1 、美国专利 No.6992119 B2 及 No.0142420 A1 中所述,为实现密封目的,最常见的密封剂是由丁基橡胶和 / 或胶乳组成。这些成分的缺点有稳定性不足即保质期较短、存在气味问题且使用后很难被清理干净。
美国专利 No.4337322 和 No.4588758 中公开了进一步改进后的轮胎密封剂,使用了石棉纤维、乙二醇和洗涤剂作为开阀型( valve-open )密封剂中的主要成分。但众所周知的是石棉纤维致癌,而乙二醇也因具有毒性会危害到环境。
考虑到环境因素,美国专利 No.5059636 中公开了一种基于非石油材料的轮胎密封剂,该配方中使用了硫化胶粉、小麦粉、钙盐等成分。但这种密封剂的缺点是在使用前需要先将轮胎上的阀芯移除,即开阀型密封剂。
同时一种基于'原木堵塞( log-jam )'机理的密封剂开始受到关注,'原木堵塞'机理即当液体轮胎内外压力差的作用下,流经穿孔处时,液体介质中的微粒在穿孔处累积并进而导致穿孔被封堵。美国专利 No.5772747 和 No.5856376 中公开了基于这一机理的密封剂,但均属于开阀型密封剂。
在美国专利 No.6013697 公开的配方中,主要使用了膨润土和云母,这些微粒物质填充穿孔空隙并形成堵塞物以防止进一步的气体泄漏。该密封剂为直通型( valve-through )密封剂,即在使用前无需移除轮胎阀芯,使用更为便捷的同时环保无害,并且它还具有快速密封性能。但粘土片( clay platelet )的沉淀和絮凝是该密封剂的主要问题。
另外一些基于原木堵塞机理的密封剂,相关专利包含但不限于美国专利 2002/0077391 A1 、 2007/0129464 A1 、 2007/0203260 、国际专利 WO 2008/022402 、 PCT/AU2008/001499 ,在密封剂配方上做了很多创新。这类轮胎密封剂具有无臭、保质期长和使用后易于清理的优点,但它的密封性能相对较差。
除了原木堵塞原理,另一种类型的密封剂是基于粘性的胶乳悬浮液。胶乳悬浮液是一种高粘度的流体,它可以牢固的粘附在穿孔壁上并最终封锁气体泄漏通道。但是,基于胶乳的密封剂的缺点包括使用后很难清理、不确定的粘连性质、对眼睛皮肤有刺激性及使用了挥发性的有机化合物等。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于,针对现有技术的上述缺陷,提供一种环保无害、沉淀较少、储存期长、能快速密封并在使用后易于清理的直通型轮胎密封剂组合物。
与此相应,本发明另一个要解决的技术问题是提供一种环保无害、沉淀较少、储存期长、能快速密封并在使用后易于清理的直通型轮胎密封剂的制备方法。
就该密封剂组合物而言,本发明解决上述问题的技术方案是:一种基于原木堵塞和粘胶堵塞( viscous gel clogging )组合机理的新型增强型轮胎密封剂组合物。所述密封剂组合物包含重量百分比为 80-95 % 的液态载体、重量百分比为 0.1-10 % 的由水溶聚合物衍生所得的凝胶材料、重量百分比为 1-10 % 的胶乳、重量百分比为 0.1-5 % 的作为填充料的刚性颗粒和重量百分比为 0.1-5 % 的表面活性剂。
为扩大液态密封剂使用的工作温度范围,所述液态载体包括水和防冻剂;所述防冻剂包括乙二醇、丙二醇和甘油中的至少一种:乙二醇在所述密封剂组合物中所占的重量百分比为 5-70 % ,丙二醇在所述密封剂组合物中所占的重量百分比为 5-70 % ,甘油在所述密封剂组合物中所占的重量百分比为 5-60 % 。
所述水溶聚合物包括天然衍生水溶聚合物和 \ 或人工合成水溶聚合物,作为填充料的刚性颗粒在所述密封剂组合物中所占的 重量百分比优选为 1 -3% ,颗粒大小在 0.05 - 320 μ m 的范围内,所述刚性颗粒在穿孔处形成堵塞,由水溶聚合物衍生所得的凝胶材料通过填充穿孔处空隙增强了密封性,胶乳的添加进一步提高了密封剂的密封性能。所述胶乳包含纯天然胶乳、合成胶乳和改进的天然胶乳中的至少一种。为提高胶乳成分的稳定性以及液态密封剂在轮胎内的润湿性和展开性,需要添加至少一种适合的表面活性剂。
根据相应的功能需要,所述密封剂还包含重量百分比为 0.1-1 % 的添加剂,所述添加剂包括消泡剂、防蚀剂、防腐剂、着色剂和香味剂中的至少一种。另外,所述密封剂还包含重量百分比为 0.05 - 3 % 的膨润土以减少沉淀。
所述密封剂组合物的粘度范围是 19.3 - 5000mPas , PH 值范围在 8 - 10 之间,密封功能有效的温度范围在 -40 ℃至 80 ℃之间。
就该密封剂的制备方法而言,本发明解决上述技术方案是:相对于 100 重量份的所述密封剂组合物,其制备方法包含以下步骤:
a. 在 80-95 重量份的液态载体中,将 0.1-10 重量份的水溶聚合物转化为衍生凝胶材料;
b. 在步骤 a 所得的凝胶悬浮液中添加 0.1-5 重量份的刚性颗粒和 1-10 重量份的胶乳并充分混合;
c. 在步骤 b 所得的组合物中添加 0.1-5 重量份的表面活性剂。
所述水溶聚合物选用壳聚糖时,相对 100 重量份的所述密封剂组合物,将所述水溶聚合物转化为衍生凝胶材料的方法包括以下步骤:
a .在 10-60 重量份的水中加入 0.1-10 重量份的壳聚糖;
b .向 a 中所得的溶液中加入适量的酸,将溶液 PH 值调至 0-5 范围内;
c .壳聚糖完全溶解后,加入适量的碱,将溶液 PH 值调高至 8-10 范围内,即可得到所述衍生凝胶材料。
本发明中的密封剂组合物的有益效果在于:该密封剂环保、安全无毒并能高效即时的密封轮胎穿孔;而其所能密封的穿孔大小是由密封剂固态成分中颗粒的大小和数量来决定的,它能密封由直径 6.35mm 甚至更大的穿刺形成的穿孔。它是一种直通型密封剂,在注入前无需移除阀芯,使用十分便捷。所述密封剂在 -40℃ 至 80℃之间能很好地发挥功效。所述密封 效果能持续 12 至 48 小时或更长,这取决于确切的密封剂组合物;同时在使用过后,用水能很容易地清理所应用的密封剂。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案以及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用于解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
在本发明的提出的技术方案中,用于修补轮胎上的穿孔的密封剂组合物是一种 基于原木堵塞和粘胶堵塞( viscous gel clogging )组合机理的新型增强型轮胎密封剂组合物。所述密封剂组合物包含重量百分比为 80-95 % 的液态载体、重量百分比为 0.1-10 % 的由水溶聚合物衍生所得的凝胶材料、重量百分比为 1-10 % 的胶乳、重量百分比为 0.1-5 % 的作为填充料的刚性颗粒和重量百分比为 0.1-5 % 的表面活性剂。
要制得 100 重量份的所述密封剂组合物,具体的制备方法包含以下步骤:
a. 在 80-95 重量份的液态载体中,将 0.1-10 重量份的水溶聚合物转化为衍生凝胶材料;
b. 在所得凝胶悬浮液中添加 0.1-5 重量份的刚性颗粒和 1-10 重量份的胶乳并充分混合;
c. 在 b 中所得的组合物中添加 0.1-5 重量份的表面活性剂和 0.1-1 重量份的添加剂并充分混合。
优选的, 1. 在 10-60 重量份的水中,将 0.1-10 重量份的水溶聚合物转化为衍生凝胶材料 ;
2. 在步骤 1 所得凝胶悬浮液中添加防冻剂、 0.1-5 重量份的刚性颗粒以及 1-10 重量份的胶乳并充分混合 ;
3. 在步骤 2 所得的组合物中添加 0.1-5 重量份的表面活性剂和 0.1-1 重量份的添加剂并充分混合。
所述 水溶聚合物可以是天然衍生的水溶聚合物,比如壳聚糖、海藻酸钠和丝胶等,也可以是人工合成的水溶聚合物,比如聚乙烯醇等。通过物理或化学方法将所述水溶聚合物转化为柔性的凝胶材料。
在优选实施例中,使用壳聚糖作为制备所述凝胶材料的水溶聚合物,将从甲壳动物的壳中提取的甲壳素通过脱乙酰作用就可以制得所述壳聚糖。壳聚糖的原始形态往往是存在于可溶于酸性介质的刚性片中,这里的酸可以是任何类型的酸,但考虑到低毒性优先选择稀醋酸和盐酸。将所述壳聚糖刚性片置于酸性介质中,并在壳聚糖溶解前先加入任意类型的碱,建议使用氢氧化钠,通过中和作用使壳聚糖再沉淀并得到再沉淀的壳聚糖。优选地, 相对于 100 重量份的密封剂组合物,将水溶聚合物壳聚糖转化为衍生凝胶材料的方法包括以下步骤:
a .在 10-60 重量份的水中加入 0.1-10 重量份的壳聚糖;
b .向步骤 a 所得的溶液中加入适量的酸,优选醋酸,将溶液 PH 值调至 0-5 范围内;
c .壳聚糖完全溶解后,加入适量的碱,优选氢氧化钠,将溶液 PH 值调高至 8-10 范围内,混合均匀即可得到所述衍生凝胶材料。
再沉淀的壳聚糖具有与它初始形态不同的粒子结构,它表现为柔软、半透明且有弹性的凝胶材料悬浮在液态介质中。在中和作用过程中,中和速率、溶液最终的 pH 值以及在混合或均匀化过程中所施加的剪切力都将决定最终衍生所得的凝胶颗粒的确切尺寸和硬度。在优选实施例中,水溶聚合物选用壳聚糖, 在混合或均匀化过程中通过控制施加的剪切力来控制凝胶颗粒的尺寸和硬度至能够通过六十目的筛子 ;所制得的密封剂包含了重量百分比为 0.1-10% 的再沉淀壳聚糖,所述再沉淀壳聚糖是由在酸性条件下溶解 50-500 微米的壳聚糖颗粒制备得来的,并且液态悬浮液的最终 pH 值范围是 7-10 之间。
结合所述密封剂的组合密封机理,能在给定液态介质中以凝胶材料形态存在的其他水溶聚合物,比如海藻酸钠、丝胶和聚乙烯醇等,也用于制备该密封剂组合物。
其中,聚乙烯醇作为一种人工合成水溶聚合物也可用于制备所述衍生凝胶材料,其制备方法是先将其溶解在温水中,然后让其在可控条件下与适合的化学反应剂比如 SDS ( sodium dodecyl sulfate 即十二烷基硫酸钠)或硅酸钠等反应制得所述衍生凝胶材料。
为提升轮胎密封剂的密封性能,强化所述由水溶聚合物衍生所得的 凝胶材料,可添加其他加固材料比如钙、镁及其他金属离子的刚性颗粒和化合物等。密封剂组合物中也会加入纯天然和 / 或合成胶乳来进一步改善密封性能,改良的天然胶乳比如去蛋白质胶乳和去离子含磷胶乳也都适用于本发明。所述胶乳在密封剂中的重量百分比为 1-10 % ,远低于传统市场上基于胶乳的轮胎密封剂中的胶乳含量。在实验阶段,当不加入胶乳即固态胶乳的重量百分比为 0% 而密封剂的其它组分基本相同时,所得的密封剂组合物的直通效果是'好',即 90% 以上成功;密封效果是'一般',即只有 50% 以上成功。相比下文给出的优选实施例,添加胶乳以后密封剂组合物的密封能力都为'好',可见胶乳作为密封剂的重要组成组分能显著提高密封剂组合物的密封能力。
在优选实施例中,该轮胎密封剂也包含重量百分比为 0. 1-5 % 的 刚性壳聚糖颗粒,最优重量百分比为 1 -3% 。具体实施例中 刚性壳聚糖的 颗粒大小在 5-320 微米之间,优选在 5-100 微米之间。作为密封剂中的刚性颗粒组分,它并不限于 壳聚糖材料,针对本发明可使用尺寸在 0.05 微米到 320 微米之间的其他固体颗粒,比如 空心微珠、硅石、钙硅石、硅藻土、高岭石、云母、橡胶粉、多孔氧化硅和硅胶等 材料也用于密封剂制备。为降低沉淀速率,刚性颗粒的比重建议低于 1.5 ,虽然具有更高密度的颗粒也能使用。此外,在密封剂组合物中加入重量百分比为 0.05-3% 的膨润土可以进一步避免密封剂中产生沉淀和沉降。
在密封过程中基于原木堵塞机理,所述刚性颗粒会在穿孔处积聚,堵塞颗粒所形成的堵塞物与溶液中由水溶聚合物衍生所得的凝胶材料结合 。该凝胶材料的制备已在前文中介绍过,它能使密封性能更为优秀。这种凝胶材料和刚性颗粒相互兼容而无明显化学反应,在优选实施例中,所使用的凝胶材料为再沉淀壳聚糖与刚性壳聚糖颗粒来源相同,具有出色的兼容性。此外,添加的胶乳能通过在轮胎穿孔处形成胶乳橡胶来进一步提高密封性能。
密封剂组合物中液态载体所占的重量百分比为 80-95 % ,所述液态载体由水和防冻剂组成,其中水的含量占密封剂组合物的重量百分比为 10-60 % ,液态介质用于让由所述水溶聚合物衍生所得的凝胶材料和刚性颗粒悬浮,也用于溶解各种选择性添加的添加剂。液态载体中所添加的防冻剂,比如乙二醇、丙二醇( propylene glycol )和甘油等,是为了扩宽该密封剂的适用温度范围。在本发明中可以使用上述一种防冻剂或多种防冻剂的混合物,来降低液态载体的凝固点。在优选实施例中,所述防冻剂包括在所述密封剂组合物中所占的重量百分比为 5-70 % 的乙二醇、在所述密封剂组合物中所占的重量百分比为 5-70 % 的丙二醇和在所述密封剂组合物中所占的重量百分比为 5-60 % 的甘油中的至少一种。在优选实施例中,使用了乙二醇、甘油、 1,2- 丙二醇和 1,3- 丙二醇中的至少一种配制防冻剂,可以将密封剂的凝固点降至 - 40 ℃(优选实施例 3 ),所述密封剂组合物使用的有效温度范围在 - 40 ℃至 80 ℃之间。还可以使用在密封剂中所占重量百分比为 1-10 % 的无机盐比如氯化钙或氯化镁来控制密封剂的有效适用温度。
密封剂组合物中表面活性剂所占的重量百分比为 0.1-5 % ,可适当的添加至少一种表面活性剂(包括阴离子、阳离子和非离子表面活性剂),来改善密封剂的稳定性和功能性,所用的表面活性剂的类型是根据密封剂中添加的胶乳的类型来决定的。在优选实施例中,所述表面活性剂可选用吐温 20 至吐温 85 、 SDS 和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵( cetyl trimethylammonium bromide )等表面活性剂中的至少一种。
在不影响密封剂密封功能的前提下,可以根据具体功能需要选择性的在密封剂组合物中加入重量百分比为 0.1-1 % 的其他添加剂。添加增粘剂能在控制溶液粘度的同时提高刚性及柔性悬浮颗粒对穿孔壁的附着性。防腐剂的加入可以延长密封剂的保质期,也可以添加防蚀剂来防止锈蚀。加入氧化锌或氧化钛能防止密封剂在受日光照射时分解。香味剂和着色剂等其他添加剂在不影响密封剂密封功能的前提下也能选择性的适当加入。
密封剂组合物中包括重量百分比为 0.1-1 % 的防腐剂来防止密封剂配方中的成分降解,将密封剂的保质期延长到 5 年甚至更长;还包括重量百分比为 0-0.5% 的消泡剂来避免起泡。此外,在不影响密封性能的前提下,还添加重量百分比为 0.1-1% 的防蚀添加剂来防止密封剂在轮胎中发生锈蚀。
根据前文制备好的密封剂的粘度在 19.3-5000mPas 之间,其 pH 值在 7-11 之间,优选 8-10 之间 。由于凝胶材料和膨润土的存在,密封剂在 24 小时内的沉淀微不足道,而且低密度刚性颗粒比如空心微珠的使用也能解决沉降问题。
根据上述组分和方法所制得的密封剂的具体使用方法:在高压下(优选 3-7 巴)通过软管将密封剂注入轮胎中,阀芯是否移除不影响使用。当轮胎上没有穿孔时,密封剂能在旋转的轮胎中保持混合状态且没有任何明显的物理和化学变化。此外,该密封剂在轮胎内能有效的铺展开,所以即使穿孔发生在胎肩区也能被有效密封。
密封剂性能测试方法:在高压下(优选 3-7 巴)通过软管将至少 300ml 制备好的密封剂注入一个 165/60 R14 的老化轮胎中,注射过程可去掉或不去掉阀芯。值得注意的是,实际应用中注入密封剂的体积可以少于 300ml ,但在本次测试中, 300ml 是作为一个测试基准的。实际测试时,在轮胎旋转之前或旋转过程中,使用常规的直径为 6.35mm 的长钉刺穿轮胎,其他尺寸的穿孔也被测试过但现以直径 6.35mm 的穿孔为测试标准。
测试用轮胎被安装在一辆车上,将轮胎密封剂注入到轮胎中,然后驾车行驶 20km 内。轮胎内空气通过穿孔泄露,每行驶 3~5km 可通过测量内胎压来记录密封剂的密封性能。通过该测试测得的压力损失低于 0.1 巴,数据表明该密封剂能成功、即时的密封轮胎穿孔。在拆下该测试轮胎后,将穿孔位置朝上,压降仍能保持稳定即密封剂仍能稳定密封。在 24 或 48 小时后,再次测量压力损失以确定其密封性能。
具体实施例:
根据以上详细描述将给出本发明的一些具体实施例,并做相关分析,但本发明并不仅限于这些实施例,以下所述的直通能力和密封能力 '好'指的是超过 90% 成功,'一般'指的是超过 50% 成功,'差'指的是少于 50% 成功。
优选实施例 1 :在密封剂 1 的制备过程中,各组分按照 100 重量份的最终组合物计,分别为: 38.4 重量份的水、由 39.4 重量份的 1,2- 丙二醇和 11.7 重量份的甘油组成的防冻剂、由 1.1 重量份的水溶聚合物壳聚糖和 0.3 重量份的醋酸以及 1.3 重量份的氢氧化钠转化制得的凝胶材料,即再沉淀的壳聚糖、由 0.5 重量份的硅石和 0.1 重量份的云母组成的刚性颗粒、 4.5 重量份的固态胶乳、 2.3 重量份的表面活性剂、 0.2 重量份的防腐剂、 0-0.2 重量份的消泡剂以及 0.2 重量份的膨润土。制得的密封剂 1 的凝固点为 -30 ℃, PH 值为 9.27 ,在 25 ± 5 ℃时的粘度为 29.0mPas ,直通能力为'好',密封能力为'好'。
优选实施例 2 :在密封剂 2 的制备过程中,各组分按照 100 重量份的最终组合物计,分别为: 38.4 重量份的水、 51 重量份的 1,2- 丙二醇、由 1.1 重量份的水溶聚合物壳聚糖和 0.3 重量份的醋酸以及 1.3 重量份的氢氧化钠制得的凝胶材料、由 0.5 重量份的硅石和 0.1 重量份的云母组成的刚性颗粒、 4.5 重量份的固态胶乳、 2.3 重量份的表面活性剂、 0.2 重量份的防腐剂、 0-0.2 重量份的消泡剂以及 0.2 重量份的膨润土。制得的密封剂 2 的凝固点为 -30 ℃, PH 值为 9.30 ,在 25 ± 5 ℃时的粘度为 51.7mPas ,直通能力为'好',密封能力为'好'。
优选实施例 3 :在密封剂 3 的制备过程中,各组分按照 100 重量份的最终组合物计,分别为: 27.4 重量份的水、 61 重量份的 1,2- 丙二醇、由 1.1 重量份的水溶聚合物壳聚糖和 0.3 重量份的醋酸以及 1.3 重量份的氢氧化钠制得的凝胶材料、由 0.5 重量份的硅石和 0.1 重量份的云母组成的刚性颗粒、 4.5 重量份的固态胶乳、 2.3 重量份的表面活性剂、 0.2 重量份的防腐剂、 0-0.2 重量份的消泡剂以及 0.2 重量份的膨润土。制得的密封剂 3 的凝固点为 -40 ℃, PH 值为 9.28 ,在 25 ± 5 ℃时的粘度为 78.5mPas ,直通能力为'好',密封能力为'好'。
优选实施例 4 :在密封剂 4 的制备过程中,各组分按照 100 重量份的最终组合物计,分别为: 38.4 重量份的水、 51 重量份的乙二醇、由 1.1 重量份的水溶聚合物壳聚糖和 0.3 重量份的醋酸以及 1.3 重量份的氢氧化钠制得的凝胶材料、由 0.5 重量份的硅石和 0.1 重量份的云母组成的刚性颗粒、 4.5 重量份的固态胶乳、 2.3 重量份的表面活性剂、 0.2 重量份的防腐剂、 0- 0.2 重量份的消泡剂以及 0.2 重量份的膨润土。制得的密封剂 4 的凝固点为 -30 ℃, PH 值为 9.19 ,在 25 ± 5 ℃时的粘度为 23.1mPas ,直通能力为'好',密封能力为'好'。
优选实施例 5 :在密封剂 5 的制备过程中,各组分按照 100 重量份的最终组合物计,分别为: 38.5 重量份的水、由 39.6 重量份的 1,2- 丙二醇和 5.0 重量份的乙二醇组成的防冻剂、由 1.3 重量份的水溶聚合物壳聚糖和 0.3 重量份的醋酸以及 1.5 重量份的氢氧化钠制得的凝胶材料、由 0.5 重量份的硅石和 0.1 重量份的云母组成的刚性颗粒、 4.5 重量份的固态胶乳、 2.8 重量份的表面活性剂、 0.2 重量份的防腐剂、 0-0.2 重量份的消泡剂以及 0.2 重量份的膨润土。制得的密封剂 5 的凝固点为 -30 ℃, PH 值为 9.43 ,在 25 ± 5 ℃时的粘度为 29.3mPas ,直通能力为'好',密封能力为'好'。
优选实施例 6 :在密封剂 6 的制备过程中,各组分按照 100 重量份的最终组合物计,分别为: 38.4 重量份的水、由 40 重量份的 1,3- 丙二醇和 11 重量份的甘油组成的防冻剂、由 1.1 重量份的水溶聚合物壳聚糖和 0.3 重量份的醋酸以及 1.3 重量份的氢氧化钠制得的凝胶材料、由 0.5 重量份的硅石和 0.1 重量份的云母组成的刚性颗粒、 4.5 重量份的固态胶乳、 2.3 重量份的表面活性剂、 0.2 重量份的防腐剂、 0-0.2 重量份的消泡剂以及 0.2 重量份的膨润土。制得的密封剂 6 的凝固点为 -30 ℃, PH 值为 9.65 ,在 25 ± 5 ℃时的粘度为 19.3mPas ,直通能力为'好',密封能力为'好'。
优选实施例 7 :在密封剂 7 的制备过程中,各组分按照 100 重量份的最终组合物计,分别为: 38.4 重量份的水、由 41.6 重量份的 1,2- 丙二醇和 10.4 重量份的 1,3- 丙二醇组成的防冻剂、由 1.1 重量份的水溶聚合物壳聚糖和 0.3 重量份的醋酸以及 1.3 重量份的氢氧化钠制得的凝胶材料、由 0.5 重量份的硅石和 0.1 重量份的云母组成的刚性颗粒、 4.5 重量份的固态胶乳、 2.3 重量份的表面活性剂、 0.2 重量份的防腐剂、 0- 0.2 重量份的消泡剂以及 0.2 重量份的膨润土。制得的密封剂 7 的凝固点为 -30 ℃, PH 值为 9.32 ,在 25 ± 5 ℃时的粘度为 26.2mPas ,直通能力为'好',密封能力为'好'。
比较分析以上 7 个优选实施例 1-7 ,各实施例中除所添加的防冻剂的组分和含量有较大变化外,其他各组分基本一致含量有轻微变化。各实施例中的防冻剂均选自乙二醇、 1,2 丙二醇、 1,3 丙二醇以及甘油中的至少一种:其中乙二醇占 100 重量份的密封剂组合物中的 5-70 份, 1,2 丙二醇和 1,3 丙二醇都属于丙二醇而丙二醇在 100 重量份的密封剂组合物中占 5-70 份,甘油占 100 重量份的密封剂组合物中的 5-60 份。在实施例 3 中,液态载体由 27.4 重量份的水和 61 重量份的 1,2- 丙二醇组成,其他组分与实施例 2 完全相同,但实施例 3 中制得的密封剂 3 的凝固点被扩大至 -40 ℃,粘度提高至 78.5mPas ,并仍然具有优秀的密封能力和直通能力。
优选实施例 8 :在密封剂 8 的制备过程中,各组分按照 100 重量份的最终组合物计,分别为: 37 重量份的水、由 39.4 重量份的丙二醇和 11.7 重量份的甘油组成的防冻剂、由 1.1 重量份的水溶聚合物壳聚糖和 0.3 重量份的醋酸以及 1.3 重量份的氢氧化钠制得的凝胶材料、由 0.5 重量份的硅石和 0.1 重量份的云母组成的刚性颗粒、 2.2 重量份的固态胶乳、 2.3 重量份的表面活性剂、 0.2 重量份的防腐剂、 0-0.2 重量份的消泡剂以及 0.2 重量份的膨润土。制得的密封剂 8 的凝固点为 -30 ℃, PH 值为 9.08 ,在 25 ± 5 ℃时的粘度为 35.6mPas ,直通能力为'好',密封能力为'好'。
优选实施例 9 :在密封剂 9 的制备过程中,各组分按照 100 重量份的最终组合物计,分别为: 38.4 重量份的水、由 39.4 重量份的丙二醇和 11.7 重量份的甘油组成的防冻剂、由 1.1 重量份的水溶聚合物壳聚糖和 0.3 重量份的醋酸以及 1.3 重量份的氢氧化钠制得的凝胶材料、由 0.5 重量份的硅石和 0.1 重量份的云母组成的刚性颗粒、 4.5 重量份的固态胶乳、 2.3 重量份的表面活性剂、 0.2 重量份的防腐剂、 0-0.2 重量份的消泡剂以及 0.2 重量份的膨润土。制得的密封剂 9 的凝固点为 -30 ℃, PH 值为 9.27 ,在 25 ± 5 ℃时的粘度为 29mPas ,直通能力为'好',密封能力为'好'。
优选实施例 10 :在密封剂 10 的制备过程中,各组分按照 100 重量份的最终组合物计,分别为: 34.3 重量份的水、由 39.2 重量份的丙二醇和 11.6 重量份的甘油组成的防冻剂、由 1.1 重量份的水溶聚合物壳聚糖和 0.3 重量份的醋酸以及 1.3 重量份的氢氧化钠制得的凝胶材料、由 0.5 重量份的硅石和 0.1 重量份的云母组成的刚性颗粒、 8.9 重量份的固态胶乳、 2.3 重量份的表面活性剂、 0.2 重量份的防腐剂、 0-0.2 重量份的消泡剂以及 0.2 重量份的膨润土。制得的密封剂 10 的凝固点为 -30 ℃, PH 值为 9.61 ,在 25 ± 5 ℃时的粘度为 52.7mPas ,直通能力为'好',密封能力为'好'。
比较分析优选实施例 8-10 ,各实施例中除所添加的固态胶乳含量有较大变化外,其他各组分及其含量基本一致。固态胶乳在优选实施例 8 中的含量为 2.2 重量份,对应的粘度为 35.6mPas ;在优选实施例 9 中为 4.5 重量份,对应的粘度为 29mPas ;在优选实施例 10 中为 8.9 重量份,对应的粘度为 52.7mPas 。这三个实施例中所制得的密封剂的直通性能和密封性能都十分优秀。
优选实施例 11 :在密封剂 11 的制备过程中,各组分按照 100 重量份的最终组合物计,分别为: 38.3 重量份的水、由 43.2 重量份的丙二醇和 5.7 重量份的乙二醇组成的防冻剂、由 1.4 重量份的水溶聚合物壳聚糖和 0.4 重量份的醋酸以及 1.6 重量份的氢氧化钠制得的凝胶材料、由 0.6 重量份的硅石和 0.1 重量份的云母组成的刚性颗粒、 5.5 重量份的固态胶乳、 2.8 重量份的表面活性剂、 0.2 重量份的防腐剂、 0-0.2 重量份的消泡剂以及 0.2 重量份的膨润土。制得的密封剂 11 的凝固点为 -30 ℃, PH 值为 9.01 ,在 25 ± 5 ℃时的粘度为 28.3mPas ,直通能力为'好',密封能力为'好'。
优选实施例 12 :在密封剂 12 的制备过程中,各组分按照 100 重量份的最终组合物计,分别为: 38.1 重量份的水、由 43 重量份的丙二醇和 5.7 重量份的乙二醇组成的防冻剂、由 1.4 重量份的水溶聚合物壳聚糖和 0.4 重量份的醋酸以及 1.6 重量份的氢氧化钠制得的凝胶材料、由 0.6 重量份的硅石和 0.1 重量份的云母以及 0.6 重量份的空心微珠组成的刚性颗粒、 5.4 重量份的固态胶乳、 2.8 重量份的表面活性剂、 0.2 重量份的防腐剂、 0-0.2 重量份的消泡剂以及 0.2 重量份的膨润土。制得的密封剂 12 的凝固点为 -30 ℃, PH 值为 8.97 ,在 25 ± 5 ℃时的粘度为 27.1mPas ,直通能力为'好',密封能力为'好'。
优选实施例 13 :在密封剂 13 的制备过程中,各组分按照 100 重量份的最终组合物计,分别为: 37.9 重量份的水、由 42.7 重量份的丙二醇和 5.6 重量份的乙二醇组成的防冻剂、由 1.3 重量份的水溶聚合物壳聚糖和 0.4 重量份的醋酸以及 1.6 重量份的氢氧化钠制得的凝胶材料、由 0.6 重量份的硅石和 0.1 重量份的云母以及 1.2 重量份的空心微珠组成的刚性颗粒、 5.4 重量份的固态胶乳、 2.8 重量份的表面活性剂、 0.2 重量份的防腐剂、 0-0.2 重量份的消泡剂以及 0.2 重量份的膨润土。制得的密封剂 13 的凝固点为 -30 ℃, PH 值为 8.90 ,在 25 ± 5 ℃时的粘度为 31.1mPas ,直通能力为'好',密封能力为'好'。
优选实施例 14 :在密封剂 14 的制备过程中,各组分按照 100 重量份的最终组合物计,分别为: 38.1 重量份的水、由 43.0 重量份的丙二醇和 5.7 重量份的乙二醇组成的防冻剂、由 1.4 重量份的水溶聚合物壳聚糖和 0.4 重量份的醋酸以及 1.6 重量份的氢氧化钠制得的凝胶材料、由 0.6 重量份的硅石和 0.1 重量份的云母以及 0.6 重量份的橡胶粉组成的刚性颗粒、 5.4 重量份的固态胶乳、 2.8 重量份的表面活性剂、 0.2 重量份的防腐剂、 0- 0.2 重量份的消泡剂以及 0.2 重量份的膨润土。制得的密封剂 14 的凝固点为 -30 ℃, PH 值为 8.97 ,在 25 ± 5 ℃时的粘度为 27.1mPas ,直通能力为'好',密封能力为'好'。
比较分析优选实施例 11-14 ,各实施例中除所添加的刚性颗粒的组分和含量有较大变化外,其他各组分及其含量基本一致。在本发明中刚性颗粒占密封剂的 0.1-5 重量份,可使用尺寸在 0.05 微米到 320 微米之间的固体颗粒。在以上列举的优选实施例 11 中,刚性颗粒由 0.6 重量份的硅石和 0.1 重量份的云母组成;在优选实施例 12 中,刚性颗粒增加了 0.6 重量份的空心微珠;在优选实施例 13 中,刚性颗粒由 0.6 重量份的硅石和 0.1 重量份的云母以及 1.2 重量份的空心微珠组成;在优选实施例 13 中,刚性颗粒由 0.6 重量份的硅石和 0.1 重量份的云母以及 0.6 重量份的橡胶粉组成。这四个优选实施例中所制得的密封剂的直通性能和密封性能均十分优秀。
实施例 15 :在密封剂 15 的制备过程中,各组分按照 100 重量份的最终组合物计,分别为: 60 重量份的水、由 30 重量份的 1,3- 丙二醇和 5 重量份的甘油组成的防冻剂、由 0.1 重量份的水溶聚合物壳聚糖和 0.2 重量份的醋酸以及 0.7 重量份的氢氧化钠制得的凝胶材料、 0.1 重量份的云母作为刚性颗粒、 3 重量份的固态胶乳、 0.7 重量份的表面活性剂、 0.05 重量份的防腐剂、 0.1 重量份的消泡剂以及 0.05 重量份的膨润土。制得的密封剂 15 的 PH 值为 8 ,在 25 ± 5 ℃时的粘度为 120mPas ,直通能力为'好',密封能力为'好'。
实施例 16 :在密封剂 16 的制备过程中,各组分按照 100 重量份的最终组合物计,分别为: 10 重量份的水、 70 重量份的 1,2- 丙二醇、由 6.9 重量份的水溶聚合物壳聚糖和 1 重量份的醋酸以及 2.2 重量份的氢氧化钠制得的凝胶材料、由 2.5 重量份的硅石和 2.5 重量份的云母组成的刚性颗粒、 1 重量份的固态胶乳、 0.1 重量份的表面活性剂、 1 重量份的防腐剂、 2.8 重量份的膨润土。制得的密封剂 16 的 PH 值为 10 ,在 25 ± 5 ℃时的粘度为 4989mPas ,直通能力为'好',密封能力为'好'。
实施例 17 :在密封剂 17 的制备过程中,各组分按照 100 重量份的最终组合物计,分别为: 16.2 重量份的水、由 5 重量份的 1,3- 丙二醇和 60 重量份的甘油组成的防冻剂、由 1 重量份的水溶聚合物壳聚糖和 0.5 重量份的醋酸以及 0.9 重量份的氢氧化钠制得的凝胶材料、由 0.1 重量份的硅石和 0.5 重量份的云母组成的刚性颗粒、 10 重量份的固态胶乳、 5 重量份的表面活性剂、 0.6 重量份的防腐剂、 0.2 重量份的膨润土。制得的密封剂 17 的 PH 值为 9.2 ,在 25 ± 5 ℃时的粘度为 890mPas ,直通能力为'好',密封能力为'好'。
实施例 18 :在密封剂 18 的制备过程中,各组分按照 100 重量份的最终组合物计,分别为: 10 重量份的水、 70 重量份的乙二醇、由 10 重量份的水溶聚合物壳聚糖和 1.4 重量份的醋酸以及 2.4 重量份的氢氧化钠制得的凝胶材料、由 2.5 重量份的硅石和 2.5 重量份的云母组成的刚性颗粒、 1 重量份的固态胶乳、 0.1 重量份的表面活性剂、 0.05 重量份的防腐剂和 0.05 重量份的消泡剂。制得的密封剂 18 的 PH 值为 10 ,在 25 ± 5 ℃时的粘度为 5000mPas ,直通能力为'好',密封能力为'好'。
比较分析实施例 15-18 ,各实施例包含了当密封剂组合物中一些组分为端值的情况。在实施例 15 中,液态载体为 95 重量份,其中水的含量为 60 重量份、甘油含量为 5 重量份;水溶聚合物的含量为 0.1 重量份、刚性颗粒的含量为 0.1 重量份、膨润土的含量为 0.05 重量份;制得的密封剂 15 的 PH 值为 8 。在实施例 16 中,液态载体为 80 重量份,其中水的含量为 10 重量份、丙二醇的含量为 70 重量份;刚性颗粒的含量为 5 重量份、固态胶乳的含量为 1 重量份、表面活性剂的含量为 0.1 重量份、添加剂的含量为 1 重量份;制得的密封剂 16 的 PH 值为 10 。在实施例 17 中,防冻剂由 5 重量份的 1,3- 丙二醇和 60 重量份的甘油组成、固态胶乳的含量为 10 重量份、表面活性剂含量为 5 重量份。在实施例 18 中,防冻剂为 70 重量份的乙二醇、水溶聚合物的含量为 10 重量份、添加剂的含量为 0.1 重量份;制得的密封剂 18 在 25 ± 5 ℃时的粘度为 5000mPas 。实施例 15-18 制得的密封剂 15-18 仍保持有较好的直通能力和密封能力。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于修补轮胎上的穿孔的密封剂,其特征在于,所述密封剂包含重量百分比为 80-95 % 的液态载体、重量百分比为 0.1-10 % 的由水溶聚合物衍生所得的凝胶材料、重量百分比为 1-10 % 的胶乳、重量百分比为 0.1-5 % 的作为填充料的刚性颗粒和重量百分比为 0.1-5 % 的表面活性剂。
  2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的密封剂,其特征在于,所述液态载体包括水和防冻剂;所述防冻剂包括乙二醇、丙二醇和甘油中的至少一种。
  3. 根据权利要求 2 所述的密封剂,其特征在于,所述乙二醇在所述密封剂组合物中所占的重量百分比为 5-70 % ,所述丙二醇在所述密封剂组合物中所占的重量百分比为 5-70 % ,所述甘油在所述密封剂组合物中所占的重量百分比为 5-60 % 。
  4. 根据权利要求 1 所述的密封剂,其特征在于,所述水溶聚合物包括天然衍生水溶聚合物和 \ 或人工合成水溶聚合物。
  5. 根据权利要求 1 所述的密封剂,其特征在于,所述刚性颗粒在所述密封剂组合物中所占的重量百分比为 1 -3% ,颗粒大小在 0.05 - 320 μm 的范围内。
  6. 根据权利要求 1 所述的密封剂,其特征在于 ,所述密封剂还包含重量百分比为 0.1- 1 % 的添加剂,所述添加剂包括消泡剂、防腐剂、防蚀剂、着色剂和香味剂中的至少一种。
  7. 根据权利要求 1 所述的密封剂,其特征在于,所述密封剂还包含重量百分比为 0.05 - 3 % 的膨润土。
  8. 根据权利要求 1 所述的密封剂,其特征在于,所述密封剂粘度范围是 19.3 - 5000mPas , PH 值范围在 8 - 10 之间,密封功能有效的温度范围在 -40 ℃至 80 ℃之间。
  9. 一种用于制备修补轮胎上的穿孔的密封剂的方法,其特征在于,相对于 100 重量份的所述密封剂组合物,其制备方法包含以下步骤:
    a. 在 80-95 重量份的液态载体中,将 0.1-10 重量份的水溶聚合物转化为衍生凝胶材料;
    b. 在步骤 a 所得的凝胶悬浮液中添加 0.1-5 重量份的刚性颗粒和 1-10 重量份的胶乳并充分混合;
    c. 在步骤 b 所得的组合物中添加 0.1-5 重量份的表面活性剂。
  10. 根据权利要求 9 中所述的密封剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤 a 中的水溶聚合物选用壳聚糖时,相对于 100 重量份的所述密封剂组合物,将所述水溶聚合物转化为衍生凝胶材料的方法包括以下步骤:
    a .在 10-60 重量份的水中加入 0.1-10 重量份的壳聚糖;
    b .向步骤 a 所得的溶液中加入适量的酸,将溶液 PH 值调至 0-5 范围内;
    c .壳聚糖完全溶解后,加入适量的碱,将溶液 PH 值调高至 8-10 范围内,即可得到所述衍生凝胶材料。
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