WO2015059563A2

WO2015059563A2 - Modulation absorption refrigerator in plate design

Info

Publication number: WO2015059563A2
Application number: PCT/IB2014/002399
Authority: WO
Inventors: Gerhard Kunze; Marshal RUBINSTEIN
Original assignee: Solarfrost Labs Pty Ltd
Priority date: 2013-10-21
Filing date: 2014-10-16
Publication date: 2015-04-30
Also published as: AT514997A1; CN105849476A; US20160252277A1; AU2014338692A1; AT514997B1; WO2015059563A3; AU2014338692B2

Abstract

The invention relates to an intermittent ammonia-water absorption refrigerator, designed as a stack of vertical plates, having bypass, temperature control, and heat recovery, consisting of two generators (13, 15), three absorbers (17, 18, 20), one evaporator (25), one condenser (23), two solution-steam pumps (first of all 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D, 8A, Μ3, V1, V2, second of all 11A, 11B, 11C, 11D, 10A, M5,V3, V4) controlled by two control valves (M3, M5), wherein, for the structuring of the plate stack, in addition to the thin, two-dimensional moulding plates for generators, absorbers, condenser, and evaporator, thick moulding plates having three-dimensional elements for containers, pumps, and distribution channels are used, and said plate stack consists of three face-bonded partial stacks, of which the outer-most (1A, 1B) contain containers, pumps, and distribution channels, the center stack (2) having the generators, absorbers, condenser, and evaporator is narrower, such that there is a recessed vertical longitudinal channel on the side of the entire plate stack in which the control elements (6) of the machine are installed.

Description

Modular absorption chiller in prefabricated construction Introduction

Ammonia water absorption refrigeration machines are considered large, heavy and expensive and their energy efficiency is significantly lower than that of compression refrigerators. In connection with renewable energies, however, there are new approaches in refrigeration, which are trying to make the ammonia-water absorption again interesting.

While compression chillers require mechanical or electrical power to operate, and are environmentally dubious, ammonia water from sorption chillers can be powered by relatively low temperature heat. Such heat can come from sustainable sources or from industrial waste heat. For an ecologically relevant massive spread of this technology, it would be necessary to improve the efficiency of these machines and to significantly reduce the production costs per unit of power. In addition, for safety reasons, only small-volume ammonia water absorber cooling machines are to be built, since ammonia leaking out is not dangerous at best. This results in the need for a modular concept where machines of high performance consist of a group of small autonomously operating machines, but which, for reasons of space, are to be joined together as compactly as possible. An obvious advantage of this approach is that small machines are much more suited to cost-effective industrial mass production than large ones.

There are also proposals and experimental equipment that improve the efficiency and on the other hand ideas to make the construction more compact, smaller and lighter and thus cheaper. These are all intermittent systems or batch processes with a recovery of waste heat. They do not work with electric solution pumps but with slow steam pumps without moving parts, if one of

Excluding check valves. In this group there are also procedures to the

Ammonia concentration of the solution leaving the digester or generator in a second step, called "bypass", continues to lower before it passes into the absorber and finally one experiments with these machines with a plate construction, which allows complex piping systems, such as for absorption chillers, connecting in a single block of plates as a multilevel system, analogous to the design used in electronics for microchips.

The weaknesses of these different approaches are logically linked: Complex systems such as the bypass require on the one hand a construction that reduces the production cost radically, just like the aforementioned plate construction and on the other hand for a stable, trouble-free run at least two independently adjustable solution pumps, which are used as steam pumps without Movable parts could also be produced economically only in a slab design. But there are still no controllable

Steam pumps without moving parts, perhaps also because there is no place in the previous plate concept for the necessary control mechanisms, especially if you want to train this plate construction also modular, because in this case external extensions to the plate block would hinder the merger of several modules.

The present invention therefore describes a possible architecture of such intermittent ammonia-water Absorpionskältemaschinen in batch process including bypass system, which allows an integration of control elements and thus in the immediate context, a specifically adapted to this design steam pump without moving parts, which can be controlled accordingly , State of the art

A comprehensive description of the innovations mentioned here, ie steam pump, absorption heat recovery, bypass and plate construction can be found at:

http://www.solarfrQst.com/PDF/icebQok.pdf

The prior art described herein explicitly relates to ammonia water absorption chillers operating on vapor pumps with no moving parts (except check valves), ie machines that have been designed explicitly for the lowest possible consumption of electrical or mechanical energy. because they are powered by cheap low-temperature heat, be it industrial heat or solar heat,

(See, for example, WO 03 / Ö95844AL AT 504 399 B1, AT Si 288 Bl)

Sole steam pumps operate at a low frequency because the medium to be transported has to absorb heat itself in order to generate the necessary pressure. After that fresh cold solution has to be sucked in again. .This is done by a self-acting pressure reducer, which is a cold liquid volume through which bubbles at the end of the Pumpaustreibvorgangs gas from the pump chamber and thereby absorbed.

Typically, a pump cycle time of one to several minutes is achieved. In such a cycle time the amount of transported with each pump stroke solution is almost as large as the entire solution ^'located in the rest of the machine. Of the

Functional process of such a chiller is therefore not continuous but intermittent. It is therefore a batch process "Experiences made with continuous-flow ammonia-water absorption chillers can only be transferred with restrictions to systems with such steam pumps.

Waste heat accumulates at several points in ammonia-water absorption chillers. On the one hand, one has to differentiate between hot components such as the rectifier and the zone in the inlet area of the absorber, where the hot solution flows from the generator into the absorber and, on the other hand, only warm components, such as the absorber itself. The condenser also gives off heat, but its temperature should be just above the ambient temperature and it is therefore uninteresting

Heat recovery '' 'in ammonia water absorption chillers namely between the cold solution flowing into the generator and the hot solution flowing out of it can not take place in a steam pump baten system. For one thing, even the steam pump heats up the solution before it enters the generator and, on the other hand, entry and exit of solution on the generator do not take place simultaneously, since it is a batch system.

The most significant amount of energy is the amount of energy that can be recovered from the absorber, but it is assumed that the absorbing solution is cooled slowly over a longer path while synchronously increasing the concentration of the solution while the pressure in the absorber remains constant.

Overall, the amount of heat that is released in the absorption almost, just as large as the amount of heat that must be used in the generator to the ammonia

evaporate. Of course, the absorption heat falls in a temperature interval whose limits are lower than the Temperatuiintervall of the generator heating, although these two temperature intervals overlap, so that only in this area

Absorption heat in. The Piroxe ss can be attributed. In addition, it should be noted that when heating the solution in the. Generator's energy use per degree Celsius, by which the solution is heated during the gas expulsion process, is much greater at low temperatures than at high temperatures. Similarly, the absorber also states that the released heat of absorption, which can be obtained per degree Celsius cooling of the absorber solution, is much greater at low temperatures than at high temperatures Displacement of the temperature intervals between the absorber and the generator thus has the consequence that the upper temperature range of the absorber recooling can be used in the lower temperature range of the generator heater, but that the amount of heat that can be recovered is less than half the energy requirement of the generator in this overlapping temperature range , On the other hand, this means that more than half of the resulting absorber heat is not yet used.

For the recovery of absorption heat see AT 5002.32A1, AT 504 399 B 1, AT 506 356 B l

Another method for improving the efficiency at low cooling and at high recooling temperatures is to continue to boil the solution coming from the generator in a second generator at a pressure level that is between the absorber pressure and the generator pressure and the Lösimg coming from the absorber a second absorber, which is at this medium pressure with this steam in contact before being pumped into the generator. Therefore, part of the ammonia does not circulate through the condenser and the evaporator, but returns to the first generator via a bypass called "bypass." The second generator and the second absorber are better called the bypass generator and bypass absorber for clarity However, you need two complex systems

Pump solution, the first from the absorber to the bypass absorber, and the second pump from the bypass absorber to the generator,

A description of the bypass system can be found in AT 407 085 B, AT 506 356 B T

But this additional effort is worthwhile. Ma can thus on the one hand the achievable

Reduce the cooling temperature significantly while at the same time raising the recooling temperature of the machine. In addition, the efficiency of the machine increases. This principle is. but so far only in laboratory models have been tried because it is very complicated in practice to synchronize two absorbers and two steam pumps in a batch process accordingly.

In order to enable a compact and relatively small construction of ammonia-water absorption chillers has been tried with a slab design as Mehrebenensy system the complex connection system of the different heat exchangers and Temperierun smelter of chillers get under control.

In this case, two types of plates are used in a stack of plates, namely on the one hand so-called shaped plates made of hard material, preferably swelling material

Fiberglass sealants, which are perforated through holes and channel-shaped cut-outs and serve to conduct liquids or gases, and metal-foil separator plates in which holes are made for passage of liquids or gases perpendicular to the plate plane. This stack is pressed together by screws, clamps or other mechanical means between two stronger metal outer plates, so that between each two mold plate a partition plate and between two Tr.ennpla.tten a mold plate comes to rest. See AT 506 358 ßl

In order to keep these plate packs not only at the edge, where the screws sit, but also in the middle tight, a hydraulic pad was proposed in AT 1 1 228 B 1.

Critical is the arrangement of all components in an integrated plate block because of the danger of thermal bridges between hot and cold components where no heat should flow. Also, the pressure differences of the various components are problematic, because: can easily bend the thin partition plates, which can lead to leaks. One has therefore with the previous laboratory models and prototypes with components

different prints in principle always arranged so that they are based on the Plaenenebenen always next to each other and not to lie behind each other, so that they can not be mutually exert pressure on each other. If one additionally considers the

different temperatures and the fact that a part, the solution transport by gravity occurs ma ma vertically vertical arrangement of all heat exchanging elements but there remain external containers that can not be integrated, or where it is not economical to do so because the tank is largely young over the remaining plummet volume.

Problems with the current state of the art

Despite the approaches just described, these innovations to ammonia-water absorption refrigeration machines are still not satisfactory to justify industrial mass production of such machines.

A major problem is the steam pumps. Its pumping power is not controllable, but rather it depends on the temperature and pressure conditions used as well as certain statistically occurring disturbances. This allows more complex cooling cycles, where two or more operations with multiple pumps simultaneously and parallel run not perform, which applies, especially for the above-mentioned bypass system.

Apart from the synchronization, there are also problems with the bypass system because of the batch process: Because of the intermittent flow of solution through the

Bypass absorber, the outgassing of the hot solution in the bypass generator temporarily can not take place and the whole bypass process is incomplete.

Heat recovery is currently only partially used. The low temperature range of the absorber heat is not used to date.

The integration of the machine in a compact disk block must also be perfected. Although the aforementioned hydraulic cushion prevents leaks between zones with different pressures within the plate block, but it must prevail in the hydraulic pad .A minimum pressure of about 25 bar. This is another obstacle to the integration of containers in. The Piattenbloek. While elements such as generator or absorber can be built with small-scale internal structure, which can easily absorb and compensate for this external pressure, this is the case with large-volume

plate-shaped containers impractical and leads to expensive expensive constructions.

The vertical one-dimensional arrangement of all heat exchanging elements in the plate block is also a problem because gas and solution must be moved back and forth between these parts. The transport of a cold solution through a hot zone leads to

Gas bubbles. However, since the liquid transport is partially accomplished only by gravity, gas bubbles can stop the whole process.

Although the original concept for the panel construction (AT 506 358 Bl.) Provided sensors and control elements that were especially adapted to the confined space between the panels, the development of such elements to market maturity is time-consuming and expensive and is not worthwhile. considering it's finished

Rule elements and sensors are inexpensive to buy, the only error is that they do not fit between the plates rule in shape. It follows that one should better try to change the stack of plates and its construction principle so that it can accommodate the available control elements. The cooling temperature of these machines does not regulate, because it is from the

Verdam pamping given, which in turn is determined by the recooling temperature. In principle, cooling temperature control in an ammonia-water absorption refrigeration machine would already be possible (see AT 504 399 B1 - response 6) if the solution concentration of this machine is changed. However, the method mentioned in the cited patent is not to verwh'klkhen in the targeted plate concept here.

Accordingly, the temperature in a room to be cooled could only be kept constant by means of a "stop and go" operation, if fluctuations in the recooling temperature m are expected, but it can take up to half an hour to start up the cooling system after a shutdown.

The slow start process is also related to the fact that said damping pumps need a starter, the solution presses into the pump chamber, this process often has to be repeated several times. until the machine starts.

Another problem is that the conventional construction of absorbers, and generators of conventional plate-type conventional ammonia-water absorption chillers, did not work and had to be re-invented. A suggestion is to some extent found in AT 511 228B1 Fig. 4, whereby there the shape of generator or absorber is not very different from the serpentine shape which is suitable for high-performance heat exchangers in

Plate construction has proven particularly useful.

in the narrow gap of a Formplätte between two partition plates can be in a

Serpentine the solution does not mix well with a gas, which in particular the

Functionality of serpentine absorbers very limited. For the generator, there is another problem with serpentine channels: the resulting gas accelerates the liquid between the gas biases so that the residence time of the liquid is much less than had been planned.

But not only the basic elements of the plate-type ammonia VVasser absorption chillers have to be redeveloped, but also steam pumps, chokes, check valves and float valves.

Throttles are common in chillers, but they do not work well in barch systems, as the intermittent flow also has large pressure fluctuations, which also lead to large fluctuations in the flow in a throttle. Float valves could solve the problem of intermittent flow, but it is very difficult to fit them between tight plates. Currently, because of the very limited space between the plates, check valves are known as "umbrella valves", which are small valves made of elastomers, but because of their small size the through-holes are very small and tend to clog when in the solution which is unfortunately very common in the fiber composites mentioned

Objects of the invention

This results in clear requirements, which PiObleme be solved by the present invention.

• It is necessary to have an architecture of the plate hobbie - preferably without hydraulic

Upholstery - which allows it. To integrate pressure-sealed vessels and to lay pipes between removed components without undesirable gas formation where there are no significant thermal bridges and where different pressure zones are not Leaks lead.

• Above all, this architecture must be designed in such a way that large chillers made of several identical modular small mesh lines can be assembled in a compact manner.

• A special variant of the bypass system for batch processes should be included in this

Architecture of the system can be fitted

• Check valves, because of the required low opening pressure, best in the form of ball valves without return springs, must be installed vertically in the plates. That requires a special manufacturing technique.

• Other controls must also be integrated into the disk stack.

In particular, Plate must be created for bought-in control elements

• You need a steam pump with precisely controllable power from the outside

• The heat recovery must not only return to the directly in the system

refer to the usable energy share, but it must also be the

Use low temperature element of the heat of absorption.

• The machine must not require a starter

• A cooling temperature control is necessary

Solution of the task

"The task of specifying an architecture of the disk block that allows it. Integrating vessels and routing conduits between remote components that do not cause undesirable gas formation, that have no significant thermal bridges, and where different pressure zones do not cause leaks is accomplished by breaking the original rigid concept of panel construction (AT5Ö6358B 1) Two-dimensional level smooth plates were provided loosens and in addition plates of different thickness, which may also contain aware of three-dimensional elements allowed st, because even such plates by computer-controlled CMC machines are quickly and inexpensively hersteilbar. Thus, two different types of mold plates are used, thick plates several centimeters thick as container plates and thermal insulation mats which also serve as static elements against overpressure in adjacent zones and thin plates which take over the normal functions such as generator, absorber, etc especially heat is exchanged. Channels for distribution of solution and gas between the

System elements are made in and along the surfaces of the thick

Insulating boards, but these channels do not break through the plates. So you can on the two outer surfaces of a thick plate two different

Install duct systems that not only run each other without intersection, but are even thermally insulated against each other.

• To enable the integration of purchased rule elements everyone has

Plate block on both outer sides Thick plates for containers, thermal insulation with distribution channels and static resistance to pressure from the inside, which continue the stacking of the plate block. These outer panels are around some

Centimeters wider than the thin plates in the center of the block, so that they protrude above the center plates on one side. This creates on one side of the

Plate blocks in the middle of a vertical indentation ,, in the control elements such. Magnet enile can be installed, which is then directly between the

Distribution channels in the outer insulation boards come to rest. Since such solenoid valves in contrast to de immovable and therefore durable plates must be considered rather than wearing parts, they are with a special It is clamped between the plates so that it is possible to replace solenoid valves without opening the whole plate block.

To use such disk blocks as modules in a cohesively larger system, for the media for heating, recooling, or discharging the generated cold of the larger overall system, straight lines passing from one side of each modular disk block to the other side are internal only every module involved has branches, to the individual

Components that need to be tempered. As a result, several machines can be joined together without an intermediate distance, so that a larger machine: can be assembled from several identical modules.

A variant of the bypass system, which is also suitable for experienced users, is that a pre-spoke is fitted in front of the bypass absorber. in which the first steam pump dosed exactly (therefore you need a control) pumping solution from the main absorber. From this Vorspeicher the solution of the

Gravity following in the bypass absorber, but so slowly that even in spite of the intermittent solution flow of Bypassabsorher never completely empty ..

Funnel-shaped ball check valves that can be installed vertically in the thick plates are made separately out. In the plate, a rectangular opening is made for the valve in the top and bottom inlet and outlet channels open and the finished valve including ball is pressed into this opening with previously used above and below sealing rings in the gap between valve and plate.

A steam pump with precisely controllable power will be below the

Absorberspeiehers arranged and consists of two vertically übereinande

arranged chambers whose lower is heated. Between Absorberspeicher and pump is a connecting channel with Emgangsrückschlagventil and at the bottom of the lower container there is an outlet check valve. The upper and the lower pump container are connected on the one hand with a Siphonieitung and on the other hand with a ventilation duct. The siphon pipe, which begins at the bottom of the upper chamber, then goes up to the top of this chamber, then turns downwards and flows into the lower chamber, and as soon as it is filled, the upper chamber empties into the lower one. There is also a channel of one

Absperrmitlel is interrupted by the upper end of the upper chamber in a separate part of the absorber memory, in which there is always solution because the absorber outlet opens into this part de absorber memory and from there flows through an overflow in the rest of the absorber memory, this is

Blocking means open, so gas can flow from the pump into the absorber storage, where it is absorbed in the solution. This reduces the pressure in the pump until it becomes equal to the pressure in the absorber reservoir. At this moment, the solution flows from the orb according to gravity into the upper chamber of the pump. As soon as it is full, the solution runs over the siphon into the lower chamber, where it heats up and the Dmek rises in the pump. At the latest at this moment, the Absperrmitlel must be closed. The pressure in the pump then rises to the value that prevails in the destination where the solution is supposed to go, and the solution flows through the outlet valve. Depending on the desired Pum.pintens.ilit you can now let time pass until the shut-off is opened again, so that the pressure in the pump falls again and the next cycle can begin. Through this

Regulating the cooling capacity of the machine can be controlled as desired, and the machine does not have to be switched off with low cooling demand. To fully utilize the absorption heat you need two

Temperierungsmedien. The first medium is the actual heating medium that the Heated one behind the other generator plates, this heating medium in the

Counterflow to the ammonia solution flows. Along the generator cools this medium and then flows along the successive plates of the first absorber (which is the hotter part of the entire absorber) back in countercurrent to the solution to output, whereby a part of the heat energy consumed was replaced again. The second medium is cold to the second absorber (which is the cooler part of the entire absorber) and then flows along the successive plates of the same and then still along the gas cooler or rectifiers of the two generators along and absorbs more heat. This achieves a medium temperature that is suitable for conventional hot water. The entire COP of the machine can be almost doubled, which is particularly important when the machine is heated with expensive thermal oil collectors.

• To enable the cooling process immediately when the machine is switched on, the condensate must have a reservoir at its outlet, where liquid ammonia is released before it reaches the shut-off point, which is used as a pressure booster

Evaporator is used. And it must be guaranteed that there is always a certain minimum amount of weak solution in the absorbers, which can absorb the ammonia gas as soon as it is switched on as soon as the shut-off device at the condenser outlet is opened. This memory at the capacitor output has the additional positive effect that one during the operation of the machine by different

Control of shut-off can store different amounts of liquid ammonia, which are thereby deprived of the rest of the system. The more

liquid ammonia is stored there, the weaker the solution is in the

Absorber and the lower its pressure, which also determines the pressure in the evaporator. At lower Verdampferdruek the ammonia evaporates but at a lower temperature, whereby the cooling temperature is lower .. Conversely, you can by lower Speichennengen in the capacitor storage a higher

Set cooling temperature.

• The controllable cooling temperature of each individual module in a large machine can be used to further increase the COP: the medium that brings the cold into a room that is to be cooled is significantly warmer

Chiller back. If you now set the cooling temperatures of the individual modules so that the module through which the returning refrigerant medium flows first is the warmest and the module is the coldest, where the medium flows through last, before it goes back to the refrigerator, the average cooling temperature of modules higher than the nominal cooling temperature of the whole machine. However, as the COP depends heavily on the cooling temperature and is larger at warmer cooling temperatures, it saves energy.

Effects of the Invention and Subclaims

• If you use two different types of mold plates, then thick

Serve as a container with several centimeters thickness as well as

Thermal insulation panels, which also serve as static elements against overpressure in adjacent zones and also can accommodate channels that not only run each other without crossing, but even against each other are thermally insulated.

• If the outer plates are a few inches wider than the thin plates in the

Center of the block, it creates on one side of the plate block a recess in which control elements such as solenoid valves can be installed, which then come to lie directly between the distribution channels in the outer dam plates. • If each {nodular plate block is passing through the tubing of the temperature control media from one side to the other side, several modules can be used without

The distance between the two can be joined, so that a larger machine can be assembled from several identical modules.

• If before the. Bypass absorber attached to a Vorspeicher, in which the first

Steam pump solution from. Main absorber pumped into it, which then slowly into the bypass absorber nacbrinot even with intermittent operation of the machine, the bypass absorber never completely empty and the bypass always remains functional.

• Vertical ball check valves have a relatively large cross section and a very small opening pressure, especially if one

Used plastic balls. The risk of clogging is minimal.

• The steam pumps with controllable pump power allow the use of a bypass system to lower the cooling tempera- tures and higher

Rüe cühiteniperararen to allow what the Einsalzbereieh such a

Chiller in all climates allows.

• The two absorption heat recovery absorbents allow full utilization of the resulting heat of absorption. This is a COP ~ 2 possible.

• The liquid ammonia storage at the condenser outlet allows the cooling process to start immediately when the machine starts. In addition, this memory can serve to control the cooling temperature of the machine with appropriate control of the capacitor output control.

• When looking at the cooling temperature of each module of a large system

sets different, so you can save energy.

Enumeration and brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 shows the external view of a refrigerator i in the form of a plate block, and Fig. 2 shows a functional diagram of an intermittent ammonia-water absorption refrigerator with two steam pumps and bypass systems. 3 shows a functional diagram of how to represent absorber or generator together with their tempering media in panel construction, FIG. 4 shows a detail of a single

Ammonia plate, which is a generator element and Fig.5 shows a

Detail of a single ammonia plate representing an absorbent element. Fig.6 shows a detail of a single Wasseiplatte, which tempered a generator element or Absorbereiement.

The numbers and letters mean:

M ... solenoid valve

V ... ball check valve

I.A ... first of the 3 part stacks, which consists mainly of tempered thick container plates, slats from heat insulation with molded therein distribution channels and intervening metal separation plates

IB .... last of the 3 part stack, which consists mainly of tempered thick container plates, heat insulation plates with molded therein distribution channels and intervening metal partition plates

2 ... middle of the 3 part stacks, which consists mainly of heat exchanger elements, so thin mold plates with intermediate separating plates

3 ... outer plates made of thick steel

4 ... holes for connecting rods 5 ... Opening to continuous connecting channel for tempering media

6 ... control elements

7 ... holes for receiving sensors

8 ... Absorberspeieher

8A ... Dmckabsenkerkanimer

9 A ... upper comb of the first steam pump

B .... lower chamber of the first vapor pump

9C ... Siphon with lifting function of the first steam pump

9D ... backlash of the first steam pump

10 .., B ypas s absorber later

10A "print jug kant

11 A ... upper chamber of the second vapor pump

11B .... lower chamber of the second vapor pump

IOC ... Siphon with lifting function of the second steam pump

HD,., Pressure equalization of the second vapor pump

12, .. Preset storage of the generator

13 ... generator

14 ... gas-liquid separator of the generator

15 ... B ypas s genes ator

16 ... Gas-liquid separator of the bypass generator

17 ... absorber, hot part

17 A, .. Äbsorbersi phon

17B, ..absorber gas separator

18 ... A sorber, warm part

19 ... Bypa s absorber

20,. -B ypas s absorber

21 ... Steam pre-cooling of the bypass generator

22 ... re ficator

23 ... capacitor

24 ... Kondensatorspeieher

25 ... evaporator

26 ... Ammomaci plate

26 A ... Ammoniakaii see solution

26B ... ammonia gas

27 ... Wasserpiatte

27 A ... tempering medium

28 .Generator zone

29 ... absorber zones

30 ... evaporator zones

31 ... condenser tones

Description of the drawings

FIG. 1 shows the architecture of a stack of plates according to the invention in a high-altitude view. Between the two Äplattenßenplatten -3- are three consecutively stacked plate stacks -TA, -2- and - 1 B-, of which the two outer consist of several thick plastic plates, with separator plates and water plates for temperature control, but because of the magnification on this Drawing are not visible. The plates in the inner part stack -2- consist of a thin plastic plates with Trennpiatten in between and they are some

Centimeters narrower than the outer plates. On the outer plate -3- you can see the holes - 4- for the connecting rods, which compress the plates. It is essential that these holes are not only on the plate edges, but also delimit in the inner plate area zones -28, 29, 30, 3.1-, behind which are containers or heat exchangers with different pressures, which delimited against each other because of the local pressure of the connecting rods become. At the same time these 4 zones run horizontally through the whole machine and they define where in the. Area of thin plates ~ 2- the functional elements generators -1.3, 15-, absorber -17, 18, 20-, evaporator -25- and condenser -23- are located. It can be seen, even the openings -5- v / o the straight

Connection leads for tempering media, which lead across the entire plate stack, open. In the frontal depression between the protruding two-sided thick plates -1 A-, -1 B- is room for control elements such. Solenoid valves. Sensors for measuring the level of liquid in the containers also turn on. attached to the thick plates - 1Ä ~, ~ 1B- and the corresponding openings -7- are intended to accommodate these sensors.

FIG. 2 shows a functional diagram of a module of a plate-type chiller according to the invention. Behältnisse are drawn as rectangles with rounded edges, Plattenüwäifaetau shear as Plattenpakete in Sehrägriss. Arrows indicate the flow direction of solution or gas, connecting lines without arrow refer to lines that serve to equalize or return condensate, arrows of the drawing, pointing up or down, refer to lines that are also in reality - or descend. For the sake of clarity, temperature control mediums which are in the so-called "water plates" are not shown The two steam pumps are in the left part, with pump 1 passing through parts 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D and 8A and M3, V1 and V2 is formed and the pump 2 through the parts 11 Ä, i 1 B, 1. IC, HD and IOA and

M5.V3 and V4. The function of the steam pumps is explained using the example of pump 1: When the solenoid valve -M3- is opened, the chamber -9A- fills with the solution from the overlying absorber reservoir -8- via the ball return valve -VI. Chamber 9A is constantly tempered by two external water plates so that the temperature is between minimum 7 ° C and maximum 2Ü ° C above the condenser cooling temperature. As soon as chamber 9A has filled with solution, solenoid valve -M3 ~ closes and e flows Solution from the chamber ~ 9A- over the lifter 9C in the below -9A ~ lying comb 9B, which is tempered by the two externally adjoining water plates constantly to the generator heating temperature. As the solution warms up in chamber 9B, its pressure increases and the solution flow from reservoir -8- into chamber -9A- becomes

interrupted because the ball valve -V I - closes. Once in the chamber-9B- the pressure of the target component of the solution is reached, in the specific case of the bypass absorber Vorspeichers -19- solution flows from the chamber -9B- through the output ball check valve -V2- in the memory -19 -. When the chamber -9B- is empty opens with a delay, which is dictated by the control of the machine, the solenoid valve -M3- and the pump leaves its overpressure in the input chamber -8A- of the memory -8- which one

Depressurization action because the cold solution there immediately absorbs the gas from the pump until the pump and reservoir -8- are at the same pressure to start the next pump cycle. The entrance chamber -8Ä- is of adjoining

Water boards. held constant at the condenser temperature and gets in each cycle fresh solution from the absorber - 18-, which flows after a short residence time in the input chamber - 8A- via an overflow in the actual solution reservoir -8- of the absorber - 18-.

The other functions are as follows:

The way of the solution of pump 1 through the system and. back to pump 1:

The so-called "strong solution" coming from the absorber goes through the first one Pump to Bypass Absorber Actuator - 1 - and from there to Bypass Absorber -20- where it receives gas from Bypass Generator-IS. From the bypass absorber, the now enriched solution (so-called "high-strength solution" ¹ ) fills the inlet chamber -1.ÖA- of the bypass _^ absorber reservoir -10-. And gets into the second pump, From there the solution enters the generator-Vorspeicher -12- whose task is to reduce the surge pressure on the generator and from there into the actual generator -13- and then in the generator gas separator -14 -. As soon as the level of solution in the generator gas separator -14- exceeds a predetermined level, the solenoid control valve -Ml - allows the now weak solution to flow into the bypass generator -15-. Also, the bypass generator -15- has a gas separator - 16-, if there is the solution level exceeds a predetermined value, allows z zweite solenoid control valve -M2- the so-called "weak solution" in the hot absorber -1.7- flow, where the solution From there, the solution and the heat-unabsorbed part of the gas are transferred to the warm absorber -18 - where the absorption process is continued, after which the now strong solution enters the absorber reservoir -8- and again in the first pump.

The way of the ammonia from the generator -13- to the hot absorber -17-: from

Gas separator -14- is the gas through the rectifier -22-, where it gives off some of its heat for heat recovery and then through the check valve -V3- to

Conductor -23 where it liquefies and then in the capacitor storage -24- subsides. In this container -24- is always a certain minimum amount of liquid

Ammonia, to the machine immediately after a shutdown and repopulation for cooling again. bring to. In addition, by appropriate control of the Mägnetregelveritls - M4- stored in the memory -24 amount of liquid ammonia can be regulated and thus the solution concentration in the absorber. This allows the cooling temperature of the machine to be defined. Via the valve -M4- the liquid ammonia enters the

Evaporator-25-, where it evaporates and produces the cooling effect, which there from a.

Kühlmediu is removed. From the evaporator, the gas then goes into the hot absorber -17- A check valve in this connection line can prevent any short-term malfunction of the machine operation in the event of strong fluctuations in the recooling temperature, but is not absolutely necessary.

The flow of ammonia from the bypass generator to the bypass absorber: From the bypass absorber-15-, the strong solution, together with the released gas, goes to the bypass gas separator - where the solution to the magnetic control valve -M2- is located, while the separated gas goes to the gas cooler -21 - where there is a part of his heat to

Heat recovery gives off and goes from there to the bypass absorber.

3 shows in a schematic form how to optimally design a generator or absorber together with tempering medium with plates perpendicular to a stack in accordance with the invention. Only the mold plates involved are shown, between each z white mold plates is in reality always a partition plate with holes in exactly the places to. where the connecting lines shown in Figure 3 must pass through the partition plate. The plates shown correspond to a subrange of generators or

Absorbers -13, 15, 17, 18- or -20- within the Teilstapeis -2- stacked together stacked to form a thicker plate stack, in the thin mold plates -26. 27- alternate with separator plates, not shown. The plates -26- are called

Ammonia plates, because only ammoniacal solution or pure ammonia may be present in them, while the plates are called water plates, because in them only tempering media may always be present, which are usually not always strong in water. Through the whole sub-stack -2- change under the Make the water plates -27- and the ammonia plates -26- regularly.

Fig. 3 shows how to guide the connecting leads of these plates so that both ammonia plates -26- and water plates -27- can slowly and uniformly change their temperature through the plate stack because the media involved -26A, 26B ~ on the one hand and -27 A- flow in countercurrent.

Fie.4 shows one. Panel cutout of -28- zone of a generator -13- or -15-. Left and right you can see the inflow. and drain pipes for gas -26B- and boiling and bubbling solution -26A-. There are no direction arrows indicated as the generator plates, as shown in Fig. 3 it can be seen, alternately flows through from the left and from the right. The generator elements -1.3- contain no webs for the diversion of solution -26A- or gas -26B-.

FIG. 5 shows a plate section of the zone -29- of an absorber -17, 18- or -20-, all of which have the same design. It can be seen that the gas -26B- initially led by a siphon -17A- down under the solution -26A- and bubbled in the upward flow through the right-hand serpentine on the solution over, in the upper area -17B- is a gas separator, so that the gas -26B- can leave the top plate while the solution -26A-

Panel cut at the bottom leaves, which is possible because of the siphon - 17A- a pressure difference to the neighboring plate is given. While the shown plate -17- is flown through from right to left, the flow in the following ammonia plate is from left to right and the plate shape is mirrored horizontally, so that at the next absorber plate entrance on the left side again a siphon -17A comes to lie.

6 shows the corresponding Plattenaussclmitt a water plate, this form applies to both zone -28- as well as zone -29- Again, the water plates -27- alternate with their respective horizontally mirrored form. The special shape of the ascending serpentine is intended to drive air bubbles upwards so that the whole space covered by the serpentine becomes air-free. Should an air bubble get stuck in the downstream channel on the right side, this will only affect a small part of the active heat exchanger surface.

Claims

1) Controllable vapor pump for batch process with ammonia-water solutions, consisting of an input check valve (VI or V3) two chambers (A, 9B and 1 1 Λ. 1 IB), a siphon (9C or HC) with Lifting function, a Druekausübiehsleitung (9D or i 1D), a solenoid valve (M3 or M5), a pressure drop (8A or IDA) and an output check valve (V2 or V4), characterized in that both Pumpenkammera (9A, 9B or HA, IIB) below the accumulator (8 or 10) of which the respective upper chamber (9A or I IA) is ansp.eibar by the input valve (VI or V3), and that the siphon (9C or 1 IC) connects the lower end of the upper chamber (9A or Ϊ 1 A) to the lower end of the lower chamber (9B or 1 IB) and the pressure equalization line (9D bzw.11D) the upper end of the upper chamber ( 9A and 11A respectively) connects to the upper end of the lower chamber (9B and I IB, respectively), and that the outlet check valve (V2 or V4) from the lower end the lower chamber. (9B or .1 IB), while the controllable solenoid valve. (M3 or M5) connects the upper chamber (9A or I IA) to the pressure reducer (8A or IOA) in the reservoir (8 or 10) 2) Intermittent ammonia water absorption chiller in batch process, as a stack vertical Formed by plates, compressed between two thick outer steel plates, with bypass, temperature control and heat recovery, consisting of two generators (13, 15), three absorbers (17, 18, 20), an evaporator (25) a condenser (23), two solution steam pumps according to claim 1 (on the one hand 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D, 8A, M3, Vi, V2 on the other hand IA, IB, HC, HD, 10A, M5, V3, V4), characterized in that the generator (13) with a Generatorvorkammer (12) and a Re fikator (22) and the bypass generator with a gas cooler (21) is connected and the warm absorber (18) and the bypass absorber (20) downstream memory (8, 10) have and the bypass absorber (20) an absorber prechamber (1) has, and that for the construction de Plattenstap el in addition to the thin flat and largely two-dimensional mold plates for receiving heat exchanging elements such as generators. Absorber, condenser and evaporator serve, also find thick plastic mold plates with three-dimensional elements use, which are used for containers, pumps and the inclusion of distribution channels or generally for thermal insulation use, this plate stack consists of three flat abutting sub-stacks, of which both outer (1A, IB) are mainly used to hold temperature-controlled containers, pumps and distribution channels, while de middle stack (2) consists mainly of heat exchanging elements such as generators, absorbers, condenser and evaporator, and all three sub-stacks (l Λ , 2) have the same height, but the two outer stacks3 (IA, IB) are the same width, but wider than the middle stack (2) and all three partial stacks (1A, 1B, 2) with the top and bottom edges as well a congruent conclusion of a common Seitenenkäiite, so that on the other side of the entire plate stack a v a vertical vertical channel is formed, in which the control elements (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5) of the machine are mounted, and that an increase in the efficiency of the steam pumps is determined by the signals from sensors (7), which detect the level of fluid in the pump tanks. he follows. 3) An intermittent water-absorption chill machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the functional components are arranged according to their operating temperature, wherein in the vertical direction four zones (28. 29, 30. 31) and in the horizontal direction three zones (1 A, 1B , 2), wherein the hottest zone (28) with the two generators (13, 15) is at the bottom, above that the slightly hot zone (29) with the absorbers (17, 18, 20) and above, after one Hot insulating distance, the cold evaporator zone (30) and the condenser zone (31) lie, while in the horizontal direction, the temperature from the zone (lÄ) to zone (1B) increases, namely from the warm zone (.1 A ) with the trays Punipenheliältem (9A, 9B, HA, I IB) over the central zone (2), where generators (13, 15) and absorbers (17, 18, 20) are arranged so that their cooler plates of the zone (1A ), while their hotter plates are adjacent to the hot zone (1B) which gas 4) and rectifier (22), 4) Intermittent ammonia-water separating refrigerating machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the liquid-indicating sensors which are in the container-containing plates (IA JB) from the side (7) are fitted, control the Regeleiernente (6). 5) intermittent Amnioniak water Äbsorptionskältemaschine according to claim 2, characterized in that in front of the bypass absorber (20) a Vorspeicher (3) is mounted, in which the first vapor pump (9A, 9B, 9C, 9D, 8A, M3, V1, V2) pumped in solution from the absorber reservoir (8) precisely metered, so that from this prestorage (19) the solution of gravity flows into the underlying bypass absorber (20), 6) intermittent Ani.nioniak-ÄubsoTpiionslQÜtenraschine according to claim 2, characterized in that the valve body of the ball check valves (V), which closes the gravity, because the ball sits in a vertical funnel-shaped opening, outside the intended for them thick Plattenfl A, 1B) are finished and only then in corresponding openings of these thick plates (IA, 1B) are to be pressed. 7) intermittent Arnrnoniak-WassrÄbsorpttomkMlteniaschine according to claim 2, characterized in that two different Ten perierungsmedien absorb the freed Absorjtfionswärtne, wherein the first medium is the actual heating medium (27 A.), which first heats the successive generator plates (13) this heating medium (27 A) in countercurrent to the ammonia solution (26 A) flows and cools down and then along the successive plates of the hot absorber (17) flows again in countercurrent to the solution (26 A) and then leaves the machine, while the second medium enters the machine cold and first to the hot absorber (18) flows and then along the plates one after the other to gas cooler (21) and rectifier (22) of the two generators (13, 15) flows, where it absorbs more heat. 8) Intermittent An ionic-water absorption chiller according to claim 2, characterized in that in the middle part of stack (2) thin Fomiplatten in the form of successively stacked ammonia plates -26- and water plates -27- sic alternating regularly with each other between two Fomiplatten a metal 9) Intermittent ÄnTmoniak water Äbsorptionskältemaschine according to claim 8, characterized in that the for a generator (13, 15) provided portion of the ammonia plates (26) consists of a rectangular section, to both sides of each two connecting channels ( 26A, 26B), from which in each case a connecting tunnel through the intermediate two separating plates and the water plate (27) stubborn next Amntoniakplatte (26) lead and that on one side of the generator section (1) has a hole (27 A), through which of the connecting tunnels between the two ammonia plate (26) enclosing water plates (27) leads. 10) Intermittent ammonia Wfasser Äbsorptionskältemasehine according to claim 8, characterized in that the »provided for an absorber (1.7, 18, 20) Abschni tt of the ammonia plates (26) consists of two juxtaposed rechtecki ge cutouts each one is entinenförmigen Channel, these channels are connected at the top (17 B), and at the two outer sides of the Absorberplätte (17) each two connection channels (26 A, 26 B) open, wherein the gas supply line of the two gas connections (26 B) via a vertical connection channel (17A) is connected to the lower end of the one serpentine channel and where from each connecting channel (6A "26B) one connecting tunnel leads through the intermediate two separating plates and the wafer plate (27) to the next ammonia plate (26) on one side of the absorber section (.17) is a hole (27 A) through which the connection tunnel between 1. The intermittent ammonia-water Äbsorptionskältemaschine according to claim 8, characterized in that for the temperature control of an absorber (17, 18. 20) or generator (13 , 15) provided portion of the Wasseiplalien (27) from a rectangular section views that holds a serpentine channel in which the temperature control medium flowing from the bottom up flows into the two lateral connection channels (27 A), and where of each connection channel (27 A ) from each a connection tunnel. through the intermediate two separating plates and the Ämmoniakplatte (26) lead to an adjacent water plate (27) and on one side of the Temperierungsausschnitts (27) has two holes (26A "26B) through which the connecting tunnel between the water plate (27 ) including two water plates (27).

1.2) Intermittent ammonia-water From sorptionskältemaschine according to claim 2, characterized in that at the output of the condenser (23) and vo of the pressure stage (M4) to the evaporator (25) towards a memory (24) for receiving liquid ammonia.

13) Intermittent Ammoniak- What ser ~ Äb orionskältemaschine according to claim 2, characterized in that a plurality of such machines are connected as autonomous modules, each with its own independent ammonia system into a larger block, wherein the congruent plate stacks of the individual modules are connected to form a total stack,

14) Intermittent ammonia water absorption chiller according to claims and 13, characterized in that lines for the media for heating, for cooling back or for directing the generated cold from one side of the

Plate blocks to the other side so pass through their inputs or outputs (5) at congruent positions of the opposite outer plate (3) open, only in the interior of each module involved there are branches, to the individual

Components that are to be tempered.

15) Intermittent ammonia-water · Α1ΐ8θΓρίϊοη8ΐίΜ1ΐ6η β «ο1ιίη6 according to claims 2, 13 and 14, characterized in that the controllable cooling temperature of the individual modules in a large machine to different temperatures is set so that the medium to be cooled as the first through the module flows with the warmest temperature, which is less than the temperature of the room to be cooled, then through the module with the next colder temperature and so on to the last module, which is set to the lowest temperature, which is the nominal temperature of the entire system.