WO2015055669A1 - Circuit récepteur de réveil - Google Patents

Circuit récepteur de réveil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015055669A1
WO2015055669A1 PCT/EP2014/072041 EP2014072041W WO2015055669A1 WO 2015055669 A1 WO2015055669 A1 WO 2015055669A1 EP 2014072041 W EP2014072041 W EP 2014072041W WO 2015055669 A1 WO2015055669 A1 WO 2015055669A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
wake
signal
saw resonator
receiver
resonator
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2014/072041
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Methfessel
Rolf Kraemer
Original Assignee
Ihp Gmbh - Innovations For High Performance Microelectronics / Leibniz-Institut Für Innovative Mikroelektronik
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ihp Gmbh - Innovations For High Performance Microelectronics / Leibniz-Institut Für Innovative Mikroelektronik filed Critical Ihp Gmbh - Innovations For High Performance Microelectronics / Leibniz-Institut Für Innovative Mikroelektronik
Publication of WO2015055669A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015055669A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0225—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal
    • H04W52/0229—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal where the received signal is a wanted signal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the wake-up receiver thus remains constantly on stand-by to receive the external wake-up signal
  • the master node remains in an energy-efficient sleep mode until it is activated by the internal wake-up signal upon receipt of the external wake-up signal.
  • the main node including its transmitting and / or receiving part, switches back to sleep mode until the next wake-up signal is received or until an internal alarm is triggered, thereby reducing the main node's power consumption to the minimum required for the Fulfilling his duties is needed.
  • the WURx has to receive as an external wake-up signal only a very simple message, which typically consists of a single bit, or of a sequence of few bits, for example to code a destination address, ie the address of the receiving node. Therefore, the WURx can be optimized for this particular task, which can lower power consumption far below that of a conventional radio receiver. In particular, only a low data rate at a comparatively high latency needs to be supported.
  • Wake-up receivers can be divided into active and passive systems. Passive systems use the energy from the radio wave of the wake-up signal and do not need an additional source of energy. In that sense they resemble an RFID tag. With the passive systems known so far, however, only distances up to several meters can be bridged. Active systems are powered by an energy source. With such systems, larger distances can be bridged. Despite the drawback of constant energy consumption, only active systems are considered for most applications. An active WURx with a "uncertain IF" architecture was described in N. Pletcher, "Ultra-Low Power Wake-Up Receivers for Wireless Sensor Networks" (Thesis), Technical Report no.
  • the present invention provides a wake-up receiver circuit which has an energy store in the form of a SAW resonator, which can be connected on the input side via a switching transistor to an antenna whose antenna frequency is tuned to its resonator frequency.
  • the switching transistor is formed and arranged in the Aufweckempfnatureerscnies that he via a feedable him clock signal, which defines a charging phase and a discharge phase for the SAW resonator per clock period, in the charging phase, the SAW resonator with the antenna and connects in the discharge phase SAW resonator separates from the antenna.
  • the invention further proceeds from the recognition that such a weak signal must be raised by a factor of at least 10 to 20 in order to obtain a usable signal after rectification.
  • amplification is accomplished by a low-noise amplifier stage (LNA).
  • LNA low-noise amplifier stage
  • LO local oscillator
  • the SAW resonator collects energy from the incoming RF signal in a charge phase defined by a clock signal. After completion of a defined by a clock signal charging phase of the SAW resonator blocks the switching transistor, and the discharge phase begins. From this point on, the SAW resonator and the output resonant circuit connected in parallel, which contains as the only component an inductance in a particularly low-cost embodiment, form a free-running system of two coupled resonant circuits. As is known, the SAW resonator itself can be represented as a series resonant circuit with parallel capacitance.
  • This capacitance forms with the external inductance a parallel resonant circuit, whereby one obtains the parallel connection of a serial and a parallel resonant circuit and thus the mentioned system of two coupled resonant circuits.
  • a parallel resonant circuit For further explanation in this context the well-known Butterworth-Van Dyke model of SAW- Resonators explained.
  • the stored in this resonant circuit of the SAW resonator energy moves in the discharge phase cyclically between the parallel resonant circuit and the series resonant circuit in the SAW resonator back and forth until it decays by the losses in the inductance. During the discharge phase, the energy collected by the SAW resonator can therefore be dissipated via the output resonant circuit.
  • the size of the output as an (internal) wake-up signal output AC pulse is proportional to the average antenna signal during the charging phase.
  • the amplitude of the incoming signal can be determined by appropriate subsequent circuits.
  • the wake-up signal in the form of the AC voltage pulse is in some embodiments, for example, by a factor of 20 greater than the signal at the antenna.
  • the wake-up signal is sufficiently raised above the noise for further processing.
  • the clock signal is supplied to the switching transistor via a low-pass filter. This avoids unwanted supply of transient pulses during the switching operation of the switching transistor.
  • a further development of the wake-up receiver circuit according to the invention forms a transceiver with a receiver described above or one of its exemplary embodiments and with a transmitting device which is designed to transmit useful data or control data over a radio channel.
  • An application of such receivers or transceivers is a sensor node formed according to the invention, which has a sensor unit which is designed to record and store user data and which has a wake-up receiver unit connected to the sensor unit according to the present invention.
  • Such a sensor node can be operated particularly economically and thus for a particularly long time.
  • Preferred embodiments of a sensor node according to the invention use one of the described developments of the wake-up receiver circuit in the form of a receiver, transmitter or a transmitter-receiver.
  • FIG. 1 shows a circuit model of a SAW resonator according to Butterworth
  • Fig. 5 shows diagrams of signals as a function of time taken at different positions of the circuit of Fig. 4;
  • a SAW resonator is used as the energy storage.
  • the currently exploited property of the SAW resonator to accumulate energy is shown in the model of FIG. 1 in that an alternating voltage applied between the input points p1 and p2 increases between L and C1 at the point B until it is reduced by the quality factor Q of the resonant circuit is greater than the input signal. This will be explained in more detail below with reference to FIG. 3B.
  • the input stage 100 of FIG. 2 is connected to an antenna 102. It has a switching transistor 104, which is connected with its drain terminal D to the antenna.
  • the switching transistor 104 is designed in the present embodiment as an nMOS field effect transistor. Other transistor types can be used.
  • a clock signal CLK is supplied, which is filtered here via a low-pass filter 106 having a capacitance C8 and a resistor R9.
  • a SAW resonator 108 is connected to the drain of the switching transistor 104.
  • an inductance L1 which is an example of an output branch 110 and the SAW resonator, more specifically the static branch, in particular the capacitance CS in the model of the SAW resonator 108.
  • L1 is an example of an output branch 110 and the SAW resonator, more specifically the static branch, in particular the capacitance CS in the model of the SAW resonator 108.
  • the resonance frequency This parallel resonant circuit is tuned to the resonator frequency of the SAW resonator 108.
  • resistance, capacitance and inductance it should be noted that the respective dimensioning of the circuit is decisive for whether these functional elements of the circuit are realized by dedicated component structures, ie in the form of ohmic resistors, capacitors or coils, or if, for example, already are realized by interconnect structures and their inherent physical properties that make the provision of dedicated device structures unnecessary.
  • Fig. 3A shows a temporal portion of a switching signal after low-pass filtering, as occurs at the point marked "A" in the circuit of Fig. 2, that is at the gate of the switching transistor 104.
  • the switching signal in units of volts is across all of Figs. 3A-3C It has a high level in this phase from about 1 to about 3 microseconds, a low level at other times shown, and the high level of the switching signal level defines a charging time of the SAW resonator 108 when at the same time an external wake-up signal at the antenna 102.
  • the voltage (A) at the gate of the switching transistor 104 is high and accordingly the switching transistor conducts.
  • the increase of the control voltage is slowed down with a low-pass.
  • the edges of the switching signal are correspondingly rounded by the filtering on the low-pass filter 106 and show an increase or decrease duration in the range of 100 to 300 nanoseconds.
  • the increase in stored energy in the SAW resonator is determined by the simulation using the SAW model of FIG. 1 determined internal voltage in Fig. 3B made clear.
  • the model is based on a resistor R of 17 ohms, an inductance L of 77.9 ⁇ , a capacitance C1 of 1.7227 fF and a capacitance CS of 2.3 pF, which gives a resonance frequency of 433.9 MHz, a frequency bandwidth in the range of 1 to 2 MHz and a figure of merit of about 10000 (without connection of the antenna) is achieved.
  • the voltage curve in FIG. 3B is a quantity that only occurs in simulation using the Butterworth-van Dyke model and is not available in an actual system. It is presented here only to illustrate the accumulation of energy in the SAW resonator. Relevant for the desired function of the circuit is the voltage curve 3C, which corresponds to the curve shown in the validity of the Butterwoth - van Dyke model.
  • Fig. Figure 3B shows the increase in voltage over the duration of the charging phase.
  • the switching transistor 104 blocks because the level of the clock signal drops.
  • the SAW resonator 108 and the output branch 110 with the inductor L1 connected in parallel and the capacitor CS form a free-running system of two coupled resonant circuits.
  • the stored in the series resonant circuit of the SAW resonator 108 energy now cycles between the parallel resonant circuit of the output branch 1 10 and the serial resonant circuit 108 in the SAW resonator back and forth until it has subsided by losses in the inductance.
  • a first maximum of the alternating voltage (see Fig. 3C) of 400uV is produced across the SAW resonator 108.
  • an increase by a factor of 20 has been achieved.
  • the SAW resonator 108 provides filtering to a band of 1 to 2 MHz width around its center frequency (here 433.9 MHz).
  • This first maximum of the signal of FIG. 3C forms an internal wake-up signal WU and can then be further amplified and a signal shown in FIG. 2 not shown Energy Detection unit are supplied.
  • the input signal received by the antenna is accumulated in the SAW resonator 108 and thereafter discharged and raised by a factor of about twenty. It is so far increased over the noise that a further gain with comparatively undemanding and energy-saving circuits is sufficient.
  • the filtering is performed on the band of 1 to 2 MHz width around the center frequency.
  • FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a portion of a wake-up receiver circuit 200.
  • FIG. 5 shows graphs of simulated signals as a function of time taken at different positions of the circuit of FIG. 4.
  • Fig. 4 shows essential components of a wake-up receiver which combines the input stage of Fig. 2 with a suitable subsequent amplifier stage.
  • the signal simulations shown in FIG. 5 are based on an input signal to the antenna 102, which has an amplitude of 20 ⁇ , which is coupled via a series resistor of the antenna 102 of 50 ohms.
  • a control circuit 212 generates control signals for the remainder of the circuit. It is fed by a clock generator via the input 214, for example a simple clock quartz with 32 MHz clock frequency with a clock signal, which is shown in Fig. 5A.
  • a rising edge on the clock input (clk) of the control circuit input (A) is first converted to the internal switching signal which controls the gate G of the switching transistor 104 and is shown in Fig. 5B.
  • the slope is optimized by low-pass filtering to reduce transient pulses during switching.
  • the low-pass filtering is integrated in the present embodiment in the control circuit 212.
  • the internal clock signal (B) controls the switching transistor 104.
  • the signal (C) controls the subsequent amplifier 216 (lna_npn). This is only active if the signal (C) is high. This reduces the noise sensitivity because only the noise in this time interval is relevant to the result.
  • the falling edge of the signal of Fig. 5B generates a data_valid signal, not shown, for further digital processing. This data_valid signal goes high when the measurement is complete, ie at the falling edge of the signal (C).
  • the signal shown in FIG. 5D shows the internal voltage in the SAW model in order to illustrate the charging process.
  • the signal (E) shown in FIG. 5E is the output of the amplifier 216.
  • the signal (F) shown in FIG. 5F shows the voltage across the SAW resonator which has a maximum value of approximately 400 ⁇ V near time 2, 5 us shows. Since by means of charging / discharging of the SAW resonator 108, the signal has already been increased by a factor of 20 above the noise, this amplifier can be designed to save power. Characteristics in the signals (D) and (F) at a time of about 0.1 ⁇ s are residual transients due to the switching process. Due to the on / off of the amplifier by means of signal (C) these do not distort the output signal (E).
  • an energy-detection unit follows in a manner known per se to the amplifier. This is followed, for example, in a manner also known per se by a comparator which compares the rectified signal with a threshold value. Finally, in a manner known per se, a latch follows, which holds the result of the comparison which can be tapped off at the output of the comparator until it is read out by the subsequent digital logic at the falling edge of the signal in FIG. 5C. The entire process is repeated on each rising edge of the clk input of the control circuit 212. This provides information at regular intervals as to whether a signal received at the antenna is above the threshold value during the charging phase.
  • a SAW resonator is connected by means of a switching transistor to an antenna.
  • the SAW resonator collects energy from the incoming RF signal.
  • the collected energy is released via a parallel resonant circuit.
  • This provides an AC pulse, which is typically 20 times larger than the signal on the antenna.
  • the size of the AC pulse is proportional to the average antenna signal during the charging phase.
  • the amplitude of the incoming signal can be determined by suitable subsequent circuits.
  • The- This is z. B. relevant for the demodulation of an amplitude modulated carrier, as well as for the comparison of the signal amplitude with a threshold value when using on-off keying (OOK).
  • OOK on-off keying

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un circuit récepteur de réveil comprenant : un accumulateur d'énergie se présentant sous la forme d'un résonateur SAW, qui peut être relié en entrée par l'intermédiaire d'un transistor de commutation à une antenne sur la fréquence de laquelle est accordée sa fréquence de résonateur, le transistor de commutation étant réalisé et agencé pour relier le résonateur SAW à l'antenne dans la phase de charge et pour séparer le résonateur SAW de l'antenne dans la phase de décharge au moyen d'un signal d'horloge, qu'il peut recevoir et qui définit, par période d'horloge, une phase de charge et une phase de décharge ; et une branche de sortie qui est couplée au résonateur SAW et qui est montée en parallèle par rapport audit résonateur, laquelle forme un circuit d'oscillation parallèle accordé sur la fréquence de résonance du résonateur SAW et par l'intermédiaire de laquelle un signal de réveil peut être prélevé durant la phase de décharge.
PCT/EP2014/072041 2013-10-14 2014-10-14 Circuit récepteur de réveil WO2015055669A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013220713.1A DE102013220713B4 (de) 2013-10-14 2013-10-14 Aufweckempfängerschaltung
DE102013220713.1 2013-10-14

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106198907A (zh) * 2016-06-22 2016-12-07 天津大学 一种基于外部脉冲唤醒机制的海洋水质传感器装置
US11470553B2 (en) 2017-12-01 2022-10-11 Interdigital Patent Holdings, Inc. Network initiated on-demand zero-energy paging method and apparatus

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102015206665B4 (de) 2015-04-14 2017-03-30 Ihp Gmbh - Innovations For High Performance Microelectronics / Leibniz-Institut Für Innovative Mikroelektronik SAW-SRR-Aufweckempfänger, HF-Schaltung für einen Aufweckempfänger, Sendeempfänger-System und Sensorknoten

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US20060116103A1 (en) * 2004-11-19 2006-06-01 Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. Wake-up system with passive correlators
US20110241839A1 (en) * 2008-11-10 2011-10-06 Cornell University Self-powered, piezo-surface acoustic wave apparatus and method
US20130130636A1 (en) * 2010-05-17 2013-05-23 SmartExergy GmbH Electronic device comprising an operating mode switching unit

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KR20060041451A (ko) * 2004-11-09 2006-05-12 삼성전기주식회사 발진을 이용한 웨이크업 시스템
FI20115546A0 (fi) * 2011-06-06 2011-06-06 Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Oy Herätysradio ja menetemä sen muodostamiseksi

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US20060116103A1 (en) * 2004-11-19 2006-06-01 Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. Wake-up system with passive correlators
US20110241839A1 (en) * 2008-11-10 2011-10-06 Cornell University Self-powered, piezo-surface acoustic wave apparatus and method
US20130130636A1 (en) * 2010-05-17 2013-05-23 SmartExergy GmbH Electronic device comprising an operating mode switching unit

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N. PLETCHER: "Ultra-Low Power Wake-Up Receivers for Wireless Sensor Networks", TECHNICAL REPORT NO. UCB/EECS-2008-59, ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCES, 2008

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106198907A (zh) * 2016-06-22 2016-12-07 天津大学 一种基于外部脉冲唤醒机制的海洋水质传感器装置
US11470553B2 (en) 2017-12-01 2022-10-11 Interdigital Patent Holdings, Inc. Network initiated on-demand zero-energy paging method and apparatus
US11956725B2 (en) 2017-12-01 2024-04-09 Interdigital Patent Holdings, Inc. Network initiated on-demand zero-energy paging method and apparatus

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Publication number Publication date
DE102013220713A1 (de) 2015-04-16
DE102013220713B4 (de) 2017-02-09

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