Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10293—Edge features, e.g. inserts or holes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B1/00—Layered products having a non-planar shape
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
  • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
  • B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
  • B32B17/10119—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having a composition deviating from the basic composition of soda-lime glass, e.g. borosilicate
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
  • B32B17/10128—Treatment of at least one glass sheet
  • B32B17/10137—Chemical strengthening
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
  • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
  • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
  • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C15/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by etching
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C21/00—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C23/00—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
  • C03C23/007—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments by thermal treatment
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
  • B32B2250/03—3 layers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
  • B32B2307/51—Elastic
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
  • B32B2605/006—Transparent parts other than made from inorganic glass, e.g. polycarbonate glazings
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
  • B32B2605/08—Cars

Definitions

• Glass laminates can be used as windows and glazing in architectural and vehicle or transportation applications, including automobiles, rolling stock, locomotive and airplanes. Glass laminates can also be used as glass panels in balustrades and stairs, and as decorative panels or coverings for walls, columns, elevator cabs, kitchen appliances and other applications.
• a glazing or a laminated glass structure can be a transparent, semi-transparent, translucent or opaque part of a window, panel, wall, enclosure, sign or other structure. Common types of glazing that are used in architectural and/or vehicular applications include clear and tinted laminated glass structures.
• Conventional automotive glazing constructions include two plies of 2 mm soda lime glass with a polyvinyl butyral (PVB) interlayer. These laminate constructions have certain advantages, including low cost and a sufficient impact resistance for automotive and other applications. However, because of their limited impact resistance and higher weight, these laminates exhibit poor performance characteristics, including a higher probability of breakage when struck by roadside debris, vandals and other objects of impact as well as lower fuel efficiencies for a respective vehicle.
• PVB polyvinyl butyral
• the strength of conventional glass can be enhanced by several methods, including coatings, thermal tempering, and chemical strengthening (ion exchange).
• Thermal tempering is conventionally employed in such applications with thick, monolithic glass sheets, and has the advantage of creating a thick compressive layer through the glass surface, typically 20 to 25% of the overall glass thickness.
• the magnitude of the compressive stress is relatively low, however, typically less than 100 MP a.
• thermal tempering becomes increasingly ineffective for relatively thin glass, e.g., less than about 2 mm.
• a failure mode for automotive glazing laminates can be fracture from the edges due to flexure during manufacture, shipping, installation and also during use. Since the load required to initiate fracture is generally a function of thickness squared, conventional glazing laminates are generally limited to using relatively thick pieces of glass in the laminate structures, e.g., approximately 1.6 mm to 2.0 mm for each glass sheet.
• the embodiments disclosed herein generally relate to methods for producing ion exchanged glass, e.g., glass having characteristics of moderate compressive stress, high depth of compressive layer, and/or desirable central tension. Additional embodiments provide automobile glazings or laminates having laminated, tempered glass.
• the glass laminate structures disclosed herein can be configured to include one or more chemically-strengthened glass panes.
• Some embodiments of the present disclosure include a chemically-strengthened outer glass pane and a non-chemically- strengthened inner glass pane.
• Other embodiments of the present disclosure include a chemically-strengthened inner glass pane and a non-chemically-strengthened outer glass pane.
• Further embodiments of the present disclosure can include chemically- strengthened outer and inner glass panes. Of course, some embodiments can include non-chemically strengthened outer and inner glass panes.
• an external glass sheet when the glass laminates are put into use, an external glass sheet will be proximate to or in contact with the environment, while an internal glass sheet will be proximate to or in contact with the interior (e.g., cabin) of the structure or vehicle (e.g., automobile) incorporating the glass laminate structure.
• Some embodiments provide a glass laminate structure having high flexure strength as a function of local increases in effective laminate modulus around the periphery of the glass laminate structure.
• a laminate structure having a first glass layer, a second glass layer, and at least one polymer interlayer intermediate the first and second glass layers.
• the polymer interlayer can include a first region having a first modulus of elasticity and a second region having a second modulus of elasticity.
• Figure 1 is a cross-sectional illustration of a glass laminate structure according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
• Figure 2 is a plan view of the embodiment depicted in Figure 1.
• Figure 3 is a schematic of an exemplary bent glass laminate structure according to further embodiments of the present disclosure.
• Figure 4 is a perspective view of additional embodiments of the present disclosure.
• Figures 5A and 5B provide a before and after illustrations of an experiment having an embodiment of the present disclosure.
• Figure 6 is a box plot of failure for three point bend experimentation of several embodiments of the present disclosure.
• Figure 7 is a schematic illustration of a four point bend test of a laminate structure.
• Figure 8 is a Weibull plot of three-point bend testing of these embodiments at various loadings.
• Figure 9 is a box plot of failure load for four point bend experimentation of several embodiments of the present disclosure.
• Figure 10 is a box plot of failure load for four point bend experimentation of several embodiments of the present disclosure.
• Figure 1 1 is a four-point bend failure load plot for the embodiments depicted in Figure 10.
• Embodiments of the present disclosure are generally directed to glass laminate structures including one or more chemically-strengthened glass panes.
• Some embodiments of the present disclosure include a chemically-strengthened outer glass pane and a non-chemically-strengthened inner glass pane.
• Other embodiments of the present disclosure include a chemically-strengthened inner glass pane and a non- chemically-strengthened outer glass pane.
• Further embodiments of the present disclosure can include chemically-strengthened outer and inner glass panes.
• some embodiments can include non-chemically strengthened outer and inner glass panes.
• an external glass sheet when the glass laminates are put into use, an external glass sheet will be proximate to or in contact with the environment, while an internal glass sheet will be proximate to or in contact with the interior (e.g., cabin) of the structure or vehicle (e.g., automobile) incorporating the glass laminate structure.
• Exemplary embodiments as described herein provide a glass laminate structure having high flexure strength as a function of local increases in effective laminate modulus around the periphery of the glass laminate structure.
• thermoplastic materials which soften and flow at higher temperatures to fill gaps between glass panes in a glass laminate structure and to establish bonding during a respective lamination process.
• these films are typically designed to be laminated around 100° C to 150° C for proper flow to assist bonding of the glass panes.
• Softening and sheering of the thermoplastic material can occur at much lower temperatures under stress thereby resulting in shape deformation of the respective glass laminate structure.
• conventional glass laminate structures employ soda lime glass at thicknesses of greater than about 1.6 mm to provide mechanical strength to the glass laminate structure, e.g., to prevent bending of the laminate structure from weight or moderate stress even when the bonding film may sheer at higher temperatures.
• Such conventional thick glass can provide rigidity for conventional laminate structures; however, when thin and flexible glass sheets or panes are utilized, the laminate structure typically lacks the necessary rigidity and can deform under certain temperatures. When thin glass laminate structures deform, the glass and bonding film generally moves or slides to assume the final shape. Embodiments of the present disclosure, however, limit the movement of the thin glass laminate structure by increasing the rigidity thereof similar to employing a fixture to fasten the borders of the structure.
• exemplary embodiments utilize a rigid bonding material around the borders of a glass laminate structure. Such a material can adhere the thin glass sheets in the respective glass laminate structure together with high adhesion and can remain stable and rigid at higher temperatures.
• Non-limiting materials include, but are not limited to, thermosetting plastics that soften less at higher temperatures.
• Thermosetting materials are usually liquid or malleable prior to curing and can be employed as adhesives and/or designed to be molded into their final form.
• Thermosetting materials can also change irreversibly into an infusible, insoluble polymer network by curing whereby the thermosetting material becomes a rigid, solid material that remains rigid at higher temperatures.
• Exemplary embodiments can also utilize high modulus thermosetting materials in portions of the interlayer in a glass laminate structure which effectively prevents glass sheets in a laminate structure from moving away from each other to thus increase the rigidity of the structure.
• Suitable glass sheets used in embodiments of the present disclosure can be strengthened or chemically-strengthened by a pre- or post-ion exchange process.
• ions at or near the surface of the glass sheet are exchanged for larger metal ions from the salt bath.
• the temperature of the molten salt bath is about 430°C and the predetermined time period is about eight hours.
• the incorporation of the larger ions into the glass strengthens the sheet by creating a compressive stress in a near surface region. A corresponding tensile stress can be induced within a central region of the glass to balance the compressive stress.
• Exemplary ion-exchangeable glasses that are suitable for forming glass sheets or glass laminates can be alkali aluminosilicate glasses or alkali aluminoborosilicate glasses, though other glass compositions are contemplated.
• "ion exchangeable" means that a glass is capable of exchanging cations located at or near the surface of the glass with cations of the same valence that are either larger or smaller in size.
• One exemplary glass composition comprises Si0 2 , B 2 0 3 and Na 2 0, where (Si0 2 + B 2 0 3 ) > 66 mol.%, and Na 2 0 > 9 mol.%.
• the glass sheets include at least 6 wt.% aluminum oxide.
• a glass sheet includes one or more alkaline earth oxides, such that a content of alkaline earth oxides is at least 5 wt.%.
• Suitable glass compositions in some embodiments, further comprise at least one of K 2 0, MgO, and CaO.
• the glass can comprise 61-75 mol.% Si0 2 ; 7-15 mol.% A1 2 0 3 ; 0-12 mol.% B 2 0 3 ; 9-21 mol.% Na 2 0; 0-4 mol.% K 2 0; 0-7 mol.% MgO; and 0-3 mol.% CaO.
• a further exemplary glass composition suitable for forming hybrid glass laminates comprises: 60-70 mol.% Si0 2 ; 6-14 mol.% A1 2 0 3 ; 0-15 mol.% B 2 0 3 ; 0-15 mol.% Li 2 0; 0-20 mol.% Na 2 0; 0-10 mol.% K 2 0; 0-8 mol.% MgO; 0-10 mol.% CaO; 0-5 mol.% Zr0 2 ; 0-1 mol.% Sn0 2 ; 0-1 mol.% Ce0 2 ; less than 50 ppm As 2 0 3 ; and less than 50 ppm Sb 2 0 3 ; where 12 mol.% ⁇ (Li 2 0 + Na 2 0 + K 2 0) ⁇ 20 mol.% and 0 mol.% ⁇ (MgO + CaO) ⁇ 10 mol.%.
• a still further exemplary glass composition comprises: 63.5-66.5 mol.% Si0 2 ; 8-12 mol.% A1 2 0 3 ; 0-3 mol.% B 2 0 3 ; 0-5 mol.% Li 2 0; 8-18 mol.% Na 2 0; 0-5 mol.% K 2 0; 1-7 mol.% MgO; 0-2.5 mol.% CaO; 0-3 mol.% Zr0 2 ; 0.05-0.25 mol.% Sn0 2 ; 0.05-0.5 mol.% Ce0 2 ; less than 50 ppm As 2 0 3 ; and less than 50 ppm Sb 2 0 3 ; where 14 mol.% ⁇ (Li 2 0 + Na 2 0 + K 2 0) ⁇ 18 mol.% and 2 mol.% ⁇ (MgO + CaO) ⁇ 7 mol.%.
• an alkali aluminosilicate glass comprises alumina, at least one alkali metal and, in some embodiments, greater than 50 mol.% Si0 2 , in other embodiments at least 58 mol.% Si0 2 , and in still other embodiments at least 60 mol.% Si0 2 , wherein the ratio + ⁇ 2 O i ⁇ ⁇ w ere in the ratio the
• This glass in particular embodiments, comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of: 58- 72 mol.% Si0 2 ; 9-17 mol.% A1 2 0 3 ; 2-12 mol.% B 2 0 3 ; 8-16 mol.% Na 2 0; and 0-4 mol.% K 2 0, wherein the ratio ⁇ , ⁇ + ⁇ 2 ⁇ > l .
• an alkali aluminosilicate glass comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of: 61 -75 mol.% Si0 2 ; 7-15 mol.% A1 2 0 3 ; 0-12 mol.% B 2 0 3 ; 9-21 mol.% Na 2 0; 0-4 mol.% K 2 0; 0-7 mol.% MgO; and 0-3 mol.% CaO.
• an alkali aluminosilicate glass substrate comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of: 60-70 mol.% Si0 2 ; 6-14 mol.% A1 2 0 3 ; 0-15 mol.% B 2 0 3 ; 0-15 mol.% Li 2 0; 0-20 mol.% Na 2 0; 0-10 mol.% K 2 0; 0-8 mol.% MgO; 0-10 mol.% CaO; 0-5 mol.% Zr0 2 ; 0-1 mol.% Sn0 2 ; 0-1 mol.% Ce0 2 ; less than 50 ppm As 2 0 3 ; and less than 50 ppm Sb 2 0 3 ; wherein 12 mol.% ⁇ Li 2 0 + Na 2 0 + K 2 0 ⁇ 20 mol.% and 0 mol.% ⁇ MgO + CaO ⁇ 10 mol.%.
• an alkali aluminosilicate glass comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of: 64-68 mol.% Si0 2 ; 12-16 mol.% Na 2 0; 8-12 mol.% A1 2 0 3 ; 0-3 mol.% B 2 0 3 ; 2-5 mol.% K 2 0; 4-6 mol.% MgO; and 0-5 mol.% CaO, wherein: 66 mol.% ⁇ Si0 2 + B 2 0 3 + CaO ⁇ 69 mol.%; Na 2 0 + K 2 0 + B 2 0 3 + MgO + CaO + SrO > 10 mol.%; 5 mol.% ⁇ MgO + CaO + SrO ⁇ 8 mol.%; (Na 2 0 + B 2 0 3 ) - A1 2 0 3 ⁇ 2 mol.%; 2 mol.% ⁇ Na 2 0 - A1 2 0 3 ⁇ 6 mol.%
• Exemplary chemically-strengthened as well as non-chemically-strengthened glass can be batched with 0-2 mol.% of at least one fining agent selected from a group that includes Na 2 S0 4 , NaCl, NaF, NaBr, K 2 S0 4 , KC1, KF, KBr, and Sn0 2 .
• sodium ions in exemplary chemically-strengthened glass can be replaced by potassium ions from the molten bath, though other alkali metal ions having a larger atomic radii, such as rubidium or cesium, can replace smaller alkali metal ions in the glass.
• smaller alkali metal ions in the glass can be replaced by Ag + ions.
• other alkali metal salts such as, but not limited to, sulfates, halides, and the like may be used in the ion exchange process.
• the replacement of smaller ions by larger ions at a temperature below that at which the glass network can relax produces a distribution of ions across the surface of the glass that results in a stress profile.
• the larger volume of the incoming ion produces a compressive stress (CS) on the surface and tension (central tension, or CT) in the center of the glass.
• the compressive stress is related to the central tension by the following relationship:
• glass sheets and/or glass laminate structures comprising ion-exchanged glass can possess an array of desired properties, including low weight, high impact resistance, and improved sound attenuation.
• a chemically-strengthened glass sheet can have a surface compressive stress of at least 250 MPa, e.g., at least 250, 300, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750 or 800 MPa, a depth of layer at least about 20 ⁇ (e.g., at least about 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, or 50 ⁇ ) and/or a central tension greater than 40 MPa (e.g., greater than 40, 45, or 50 MPa) but less than 100 MPa (e.g., less than 100, 95, 90, 85, 80, 75, 70, 65, 60, or 55 MPa).
• a modulus of elasticity of a chemically-strengthened glass sheet can range from about 60 GPa to 85 GPa (e.g., 60, 65, 70, 75, 80 or 85 GPa).
• the modulus of elasticity of the glass sheet(s) and the polymer interlayer can affect both the mechanical properties (e.g., deflection and strength) and the acoustic performance (e.g., transmission loss) of the resulting glass laminate.
• Exemplary glass sheet forming methods include fusion draw and slot draw processes, which are each examples of a down-draw process, as well as float processes. These methods can be used to form both chemically-strengthened and non- chemically-strengthened glass sheets.
• the fusion draw process generally uses a drawing tank that has a channel for accepting molten glass raw material.
• the channel has weirs that are open at the top along the length of the channel on both sides of the channel. When the channel fills with molten material, the molten glass overflows the weirs. Due to gravity, the molten glass flows down the outside surfaces of the drawing tank. These outside surfaces extend down and inwardly so that they join at an edge below the drawing tank.
• the two flowing glass surfaces join at this edge to fuse and form a single flowing sheet.
• the fusion draw method offers the advantage that, because the two glass films flowing over the channel fuse together, neither outside surface of the resulting glass sheet comes in contact with any part of the apparatus. Thus, the surface properties of the fusion drawn glass sheet are not affected by such contact.
• the slot draw method is distinct from the fusion draw method.
• the molten raw material glass is provided to a drawing tank.
• the bottom of the drawing tank has an open slot with a nozzle that extends the length of the slot.
• the molten glass flows through the slot/nozzle and is drawn downward as a continuous sheet and into an annealing region.
• the slot draw process can provide a thinner sheet than the fusion draw process because a single sheet is drawn through the slot, rather than two sheets being fused together.
• Down-draw processes produce glass sheets having a uniform thickness that possess surfaces that are relatively pristine. Because the strength of the glass surface is controlled by the amount and size of surface flaws, a pristine surface that has had minimal contact has a higher initial strength. When this high strength glass is then chemically strengthened, the resultant strength can be higher than that of a surface that has been a lapped and polished. Down-drawn glass may be drawn to a thickness of less than about 2 mm. In addition, down drawn glass has a very flat, smooth surface that can be used in its final application without costly grinding and polishing.
• a sheet of glass that may be characterized by smooth surfaces and uniform thickness is made by floating molten glass on a bed of molten metal, typically tin.
• molten glass that is fed onto the surface of the molten tin bed forms a floating ribbon.
• the temperature is gradually decreased until a solid glass sheet can be lifted from the tin onto rollers.
• the glass sheet can be cooled further and annealed to reduce internal stress.
• exemplary glass sheets can be used to form glass laminates or glass laminate structures.
• the term “thin” as used herein means a thickness of up to about 1.5 mm, up to about 1.0 mm, up to about 0.7 mm, or in a range of from about 0.5 mm to about 1.0 mm, or from about 0.5 mm to about 0.7 mm.
• sheet, “structure”, “glass structures”, “laminate structures” and “glass laminate structures” may be used interchangeably in the present disclosure and such use should not limit the scope of the claims appended herewith.
• a glass laminate can also comprise an externally and/or internally- facing chemically-strengthened glass sheet, an internally and/or externally facing non-chemically-strengthened glass sheet, and a polymer interlayer formed between the glass sheets.
• the polymer interlayer can comprise a monolithic polymer sheet, a multilayer polymer sheet, or a composite polymer sheet (i.e., a polymer sheet(s) having regions of varying modulus of elasticity).
• Figure 1 is a cross-sectional illustration of a glass laminate structure according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
• Figure 2 is a plan view of the embodiment depicted in Figure 1.
• an exemplary glass laminate structure 100 comprises an external glass sheet 1 10, an internal glass sheet 120, and a polymer interlayer 130.
• the polymer interlayer 130 can comprise a first region having a first modulus of elasticity and a second region having a second modulus of elasticity.
• the first region can be a central region 132 of the polymer interlayer 130 and the second region can be located along the perimeter of the central region 132, i.e., a peripheral region 134 of the polymer interlayer 130.
• the central region 132 can be any geometric shape (e.g., oval, circular, oblong, trapezoidal, symmetrical, asymmetrical, etc.) and can conform to a defined space or opening for the respective glass laminate structure.
• the peripheral region 134 can annularly encompass the central region 132 and form an annular oval form, annular circular form, etc.
• the lateral dimensions of the peripheral region 134 i.e., the X, Y or lateral distance from an edge 101 of the glass laminate structure 100 to an edge 131 of the central region 132 can vary along the length of the respective peripheral region 134 or can be substantially constant.
• Moduli of elasticity of central and peripheral regions within an exemplary polymer interlayer can range from about 1 MPa to 90 MPa (e.g., about 1 , 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75, 80, 90 MPa).
• the modulus of elasticity of the first or central region 132 can be about 15 MPa, between about 1 MPa to about 20 MPa, or between 2 to about 15 MPa.
• the modulus of elasticity of the second or peripheral region 134 can be greater than the modulus of elasticity of the first or central region 132, can be greater than about 25 MPa, can be between 25 MPa and 90 MPa, can be greater than about 30 MPa, can be greater than about 50 MPa, can be about 75 MPa.
• the peripheral region 134 can be formed from a thermosetting polymer or thermoset.
• thermosetting polymeric materials include, but are not limited to, polyurethanes, vulcanized rubber, Bakelite, polyester materials, ionomers (SentryGlass) phenol-formaldehyde materials, urea-formaldehyde materials, epoxy resins, polyimides, melamine resins, esters, polycyanurates, Duroplast and other suitable esters, resins, epoxies, cross-linked polymers and/or reinforced polymeric materials.
• exemplary materials for the peripheral region 132 can also be, but not limited to, coatings applied by polymer coating systems as a liquid pre-polymeric material which can then be chemically reacted to form a polymeric coating.
• polymer coating compositions can contain minimal, if any, (e.g., ⁇ 10%) solvent or water.
• the pre-polymeric material can cure to a thermoset polymer especially in cases where minimal creep or resistance to flow of the cured coating material is necessary.
• Non-limiting examples of usable polymer coating chemistry families in this category are, but not limited to, 2-part epoxies, 2-part urethanes, 2-part acrylics, 2-part silicones, moisture cure urethanes or epoxies, phenolics, novolacs, urea formaldehyde, melamine formaldehyde, crosslinking acrylics or vinyls, alkyds, unsaturated polyesters, polyimides, polyamides, and photo or electron beam curable polymers.
• Exemplary photo or electron beam curable pre-polymers can be from any of the three major families of this type of chemistry, e.g., free radical addition type (e.g., acrylates), free radical step growth type (e.g., thiol-ene), cationic addition type (e.g., epoxy homopolymerization), and combinations thereof.
• free radical addition type e.g., acrylates
• free radical step growth type e.g., thiol-ene
• cationic addition type e.g., epoxy homopolymerization
• a thermoplastic material such as PVB may be applied as a preformed polymer interlayer for the central and/or peripheral regions.
• This composite polymer layer can, in certain embodiments, have a thickness of at least 0.125 mm (e.g., 0.125, 0.25, 0.38, 0.5, 0.7, 0.76, 0.81, 1 , 1.14, 1.19 or 1.2 mm).
• the composite polymer layer can have a thickness of less than or equal to 1.6 mm (e.g., from 0.4 to 1.2 mm, such as about 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1 or 1.2 mm).
• the composite polymer layer can cover most or substantially all of the two opposed major faces of the glass and can also include a peripheral portion having the same or different polymeric material with a higher modulus of elasticity.
• the glass sheets in contact with the composite polymer layer can be heated above the softening point thereof, such as, for example, at least 5°C or 10°C above the softening point, to promote bonding of the polymeric material(s) to the respective glass sheets.
• the heating can be performed with the glass in contact with the composite layers under pressure.
• One or more polymer interlayers may be incorporated into an exemplary glass laminate structure.
• a plurality of interlayers may provide complimentary or distinct functionality, including adhesion promotion, acoustic control, UV transmission control, tinting, coloration and/or IR transmission control.
• the polymer interlayer 130 can be in direct physical contact (e.g., laminated to) each of the respective external and internal glass sheets.
• the external glass sheet 110 has an exterior surface 1 12 and an interior surface 1 14.
• the internal glass sheet 120 has an exterior surface 122 and an interior surface 124.
• the interior surface 1 14 of external glass sheet 110 and the interior surface 124 of internal glass sheet 120 are each in contact with polymer interlayer 130. Any one, both or none of the glass sheets 1 10, 120 can be chemically strengthened glass.
• Glass laminates according to embodiments of the present disclosure can be adapted to provide an optically transparent barrier in architectural and automotive openings, e.g., automotive glazings.
• Glass laminates can be formed using a variety of processes.
• the assembly in an exemplary embodiment, involves laying down a first sheet of glass, overlaying a polymer interlayer on a first portion of the first sheet, overlaying another polymer interlayer on a second portion of the first sheet, laying down a second sheet of glass, and then trimming the excess PVB to the edges of the glass sheets.
• a tacking step can include expelling most of the air from the interfaces and partially bonding the PVB to the glass sheets.
• the finishing step typically carried out at elevated temperature and pressure, completes the mating of each of the glass sheets to the polymer interlayer(s).
• the first sheet can be a chemically-strengthened glass sheet and the second sheet can be a non- chemically-strengthened glass sheet or vice versa.
• the interlayer can be typically heated to a temperature effective to soften the interlayer, which promotes a conformal mating of the interlayer to respective surfaces of the glass sheets.
• a lamination temperature can be about 140°C.
• Mobile polymer chains within the interlayer material develop bonds with the glass surfaces, which promote adhesion.
• Elevated temperatures also accelerate the diffusion of residual air and/or moisture from the glass-polymer interface.
• the application of pressure both promotes flow of the interlayer material, and suppresses bubble formation that otherwise could be induced by the combined vapor pressure of water and air trapped at the interfaces.
• heat and pressure are simultaneously applied to the assembly in an autoclave.
• suitable internal glass sheets can be non-chemically-strengthened glass sheets such as soda-lime glass or can, in some embodiments, be chemically strengthened glass sheets.
• the internal glass sheets can be heat strengthened.
• conventional decorating materials and methods e.g., glass frit enamels and screen printing
• Tinted soda-lime glass sheets can be incorporated into a glass laminate structure to achieve desired transmission and/or attenuation across the electromagnetic spectrum.
• Glass laminate structures as described herein can thus provide beneficial effects, including the attenuation of acoustic noise, reduction of UV and/or IR light transmission, increased edge strength, and/or enhancement of the aesthetic appeal of a window opening.
• the individual glass sheets comprising the disclosed glass laminate structures, as well as the formed laminate structures can be characterized by one or more attributes, including composition, density, thickness, surface metrology, as well as various properties including optical, sound-attenuation, and mechanical properties such as impact resistance.
• attributes including composition, density, thickness, surface metrology, as well as various properties including optical, sound-attenuation, and mechanical properties such as impact resistance.
• Exemplary glass laminate structures can be adapted for use, for example, as windows or glazings, and configured to any suitable size and dimension.
• the glass laminate structures have a length and width that independently vary from 10 cm to 1 m or more (e.g., 0.1 , 0.2, 0.5, 1 , 2, or 5 m). Independently, the glass laminate structures can have an area of greater than 0.1 m , e.g., greater than 0.1 , 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, or 25 m 2 .
• the glass laminate structures can be substantially flat or shaped for certain applications.
• the glass laminate structures can be formed as bent or shaped parts for use as windshields or cover plates as illustrated in Figure 3.
• An exemplary shaped glass laminate structure 200 is illustrated in Figure 3.
• the shaped laminate structure 200 comprises an external (chemically-strengthened) glass sheet 110 formed at a convex surface of the laminate while an internal (non-chemically- strengthened) glass sheet 120 is formed on a concave surface of the laminate.
• the convex surface of a non-illustrated embodiment can comprise a non-chemically-strengthened glass sheet while an opposing concave surface can comprise a chemically-strengthened glass sheet.
• a polymer interlayer 130 can be provided intermediate the external and internal glass sheets 1 10, 120.
• the polymer interlayer 130 can comprise a first region having a first modulus of elasticity and a second region having a second modulus of elasticity.
• the first region can be a central region 132 of the polymer interlayer 130 and the second region can be located along the perimeter of the central region 132, i.e., a peripheral region 134 of the polymer interlayer 130.
• the central region 132 can be any geometric shape (e.g., oval, circular, oblong, trapezoidal, symmetrical, asymmetrical, etc.) and can conform to a defined space or opening for the respective glass laminate structure.
• the peripheral region 134 can annularly encompass the central region 132 and form an annular oval form, annular circular form, etc.
• the lateral dimensions of the peripheral region 134 i.e., the X, Y or lateral distance from an edge 101 of the glass laminate structure 100 to an edge 131 of the central region 132 can vary along the length of the respective peripheral region 134 or can be substantially constant.
• Moduli of elasticity of central and peripheral regions within an exemplary polymer interlayer can range from about 1 MPa to 75 MPa (e.g., about 1 , 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75, 80, 90 MPa).
• the modulus of elasticity of the first or central region 132 can be about 15 MPa, between about 1 MPa to about 20 MPa, or between 2 to about 15 MPa.
• the modulus of elasticity of the second or peripheral region 134 can be greater than the modulus of elasticity of the first or central region 132, can be greater than about 25 MPa, can be between 25 MPa and 90 MPa, can be greater than about 30 MPa, can be greater than about 50 MPa, can be about 75 MPa.
• moduli of the second or peripheral region 134 can be greater than 90 MPa, e.g., greater than 100 MPa, greater than 500 MPa, greater than 1 GPa, greater than 2 GPa, between lGPa and 4GPa, greater than 4GPa, between 100 MPa and 1 GPa, etc.
• exemplary thermosetting polymeric materials can be utilized for the peripheral region 134 which include, but are not limited to, polyurethanes, vulcanized rubber, Bakelite, polyester materials, ionomers (SentryGlass) phenol-formaldehyde materials, urea-formaldehyde materials, epoxy resins, polyimides, melamine resins, esters, polycyanurates, Duroplast and other suitable esters, resins, epoxies, cross-linked polymers and/or reinforced polymeric materials.
• exemplary materials for the peripheral region 132 can also be, but not limited to, coatings applied by polymer coating systems as a liquid pre-polymeric material which can then be chemically reacted to form a polymeric coating.
• polymer coating compositions can contain minimal, if any, (e.g., ⁇ 10%) solvent or water.
• the pre-polymeric material can cure to a thermoset polymer especially in cases where minimal creep or resistance to flow of the cured coating material is necessary.
• Non-limiting examples of usable polymer coating chemistry families in this category are, but not limited to, 2-part epoxies, 2-part urethanes, 2-part acrylics, 2-part silicones, moisture cure urethanes or epoxies, phenolics, novolacs, urea formaldehyde, melamine formaldehyde, crosslinking acrylics or vinyls, alkyds, unsaturated polyesters, polyimides, polyamides, and photo or electron beam curable polymers.
• Exemplary photo or electron beam curable pre- polymers can be from any of the three major families of this type of chemistry, e.g., free radical addition type (e.g., acrylates), free radical step growth type (e.g., thiol- ene), cationic addition type (e.g., epoxy homopolymerization), and combinations thereof.
• free radical addition type e.g., acrylates
• free radical step growth type e.g., thiol- ene
• cationic addition type e.g., epoxy homopolymerization
• the structure of an exemplary shaped glass laminate structure may be simple or complex.
• a shaped glass laminate structure may have a complex curvature where the glass sheets have a distinct radius of curvature in two independent directions.
• Such shaped glass sheets may thus be characterized as having "cross curvature," where the glass is curved along an axis that is parallel to a given dimension and also curved along an axis that is perpendicular to the same dimension.
• An automobile sunroof typically measures about 0.5 m by 1.0 m and has a radius of curvature of 2 to 2.5 m along the minor axis, and a radius of curvature of 4 to 5 m along the major axis.
• Shaped glass laminate structures can be defined by a bend factor, where the bend factor for a given part is equal to the radius of curvature along a given axis divided by the length of that axis.
• the bend factor along each axis is 4.
• Shaped glass laminates can have a bend factor ranging from 2 to 8 (e.g., 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8).
• an exemplary laminate structure 10 can include an inner layer 16 of chemically strengthened glass, e.g., Gorilla® Glass. This inner layer 16 can be heat treated, ion exchanged and/or annealed.
• the outer layer 12 can be a non-chemically strengthened glass sheet such as conventional soda lime glass, annealed glass, or the like.
• the laminate 10 can also include a polymeric interlayer 14 intermediate the outer and inner glass layers.
• the inner layer 16 can be comprised of non-chemically strengthened glass and the outer layer 12 can be comprised of chemically strengthened glass.
• both the outer and inner layers 12, 16 can be comprised of chemically-strengthened glass or both the outer and inner layers 12, 16 can be comprised of non-chemically-strengthened glass.
• the inner layer of glass 16 can have a thickness of less than or equal to 1.0 mm and can have a residual surface CS level of between about 250 MPa to about 350 MPa with a DOL of greater than 60 microns. In another embodiment the CS level of the inner layer 16 can be about 300 MPa.
• an interlayer 14 can have a thickness of approximately 0.8 mm.
• Exemplary interlayers 14 can be composite polymeric interlayers as described above and can include, but are not limited to, poly- vinyl-butyral or other suitable polymeric materials as described herein.
• any of the surfaces of the outer and/or inner layers 12, 16 can be acid etched to improve durability to external impact events.
• a first surface 13 of the outer layer 12 can be acid etched and/or another surface 17 of the inner layer can be acid etched.
• a first surface 15 of the outer layer can be acid etched and/or another surface 19 of the inner layer can be acid etched.
• Exemplary thicknesses of the outer and/or inner layers 12, 16 can range in thicknesses from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm to 2.0 mm or more.
• thermosetting material was provided in a strip of about 15-17 mm around the periphery of a central polymer interlayer.
• Each structure was placed in an environmental chamber, heated to 100° C, and soaked for about two hours.
• the second structure 52 exhibited a severe shape deformation after the thermal treatment while the first structure 50 having the thermosetting material did not exhibit any deformation.
• Figures 5 A and 5B provide a before and after illustrations of this experiment.
• Figure 6 is a box plot of failure (lbs. - force) for three point bend experimentation of several embodiments of the present disclosure.
• a first group of constructions 60 included glass laminate structures having two panes of 2.0 mm heat-strengthened soda-lime glass, a second group of constructions 62 having glass laminate structures with two panes of 1.6 mm heat- strengthened soda-lime glass, and a third group of constructions 64 having glass laminate structures with two panes of 0.7 mm chemically strengthened glass (e.g., Gorilla® Glass).
• None of the illustrated embodiments included an exemplary polymer interlayer described above having a central portion 132 surrounded by a peripheral portion 134 with a higher modulus. Rather, each construction included a conventional PVB interlayer. Since the load failure is directly proportional to thickness square, an inherent penalty can be observed for utilization of lower thickness materials.
• FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a four point bend test of a laminate structure.
• P load required to create a fracture
• t 2 glass thickness squared
• the experienced stresses are now approximately 3 times lower than for the previous example meaning that the laminate structure can withstand substantially more load before fracture.
• the maximum tensile stress is now only experienced on edge 4 as stresses experienced on edge 2 are compressive as they are above the mid-plane of the bending moment.
• Embodiments of the present disclosure can thus enjoy the benefit that the central region maintains traditional functions of a polymer interlayer (e.g., retention of glass and occupants during crash and fracture events) while exhibiting superior edge strength performance (e.g., during flexure the laminate structure behaves substantially monolithic ally).
• glass can be employed to bridge the gap between the two panes of glass in the laminate structure around the periphery thereof. This glass can be attached through thermal bonding or by means of the above described adhesives whereby the glass perimeter would be thick enough to significantly increase the rigidity of the laminate around the edges and a lighter weight interlayer such as PVB could be made thicker without adding weight, (i.e., PVB having approximately 1/2 the density of glass).
• Exemplary glass materials utilized in such embodiments can be, but are not limited to, low melting temperature glasses.
• Exemplary low melting temperature glasses include, but are not limited to, borate and phosphate glasses such as tin phosphates, tin fluorophosphates and tin fluoroborates. These glasses can also include one or more dopants, including but not limited to tungsten, cerium and niobium. Such dopants, if included, can affect, for example, the optical properties of the glass layer.
• Exemplary tin fluorophosphate glass compositions can be expressed in terms of the respective compositions of SnO, SnF 2 and P 2 0 5 in a corresponding ternary phase diagram.
• Suitable low melting temperature glasses can include Sn0 2 , ZnO, Ti0 2 , ITO, and other low melting glass compositions.
• Suitable tin fluorophosphates glasses include 20-100 mol% SnO, 0-50 mol% SnF 2 and 0-30 mol% P 2 0 5 . These tin fluorophosphates glass compositions can optionally include 0-10 mol% W0 3 , 0-10 mol% Ce0 2 and/or 0-5 mol% Nb 2 0 5 . Additional compositions for low melting temperature glasses include compositions described in commonly-assigned U.S. Patent No. 5,089,446 and U.S. Patent Application Serial Nos.
• a first glass laminate structure 80 comprised two panes of approximately 0.7 mm chemically strengthened glass (e.g., Gorilla® Glass) with an intermediate polymer interlayer having a 5 mm peripheral region of Loctite epoxy (Loctite 3491), and a second glass laminate structure 82 comprised two panes of approximately 0.7 mm chemically strengthened glass (e.g., Gorilla® Glass) with an intermediate polymer interlayer having a 5 mm peripheral region of an exemplary fiber coating.
• Figure 8 is a Weibull plot of three-point bend testing of these embodiments at various loadings. As illustrated, a shift in the increased loading for the first glass laminate structure can be observed.
• Figure 9 is a box plot of failure load (kgs) for four point bend experimentation of several embodiments of the present disclosure.
• a control laminate construction 90 included two panes of approximately 0.7 mm chemically strengthened glass (e.g., Gorilla® Glass) with an intermediate polymer interlayer and no peripheral region
• another laminate construction 91 included two panes of approximately 0.7 mm chemically strengthened glass (e.g., Gorilla® Glass) with a suitable intermediate polymer interlayer having a 5 mm peripheral region of Eastman Chemical DG grade PVB material (DG material).
• this exemplary embodiment exhibited a significant increase in the failure load as compared to the control, e.g., approximately a thirty percent increase in edge failure load.
• Figure 10 is a box plot of failure load (kgs) for four point bend experimentation of several embodiments of the present disclosure.
• Figure 1 1 is a four-point bend failure load plot for the embodiments depicted in Figure 10.
• a control laminate construction 90 included two panes of approximately 0.7 mm chemically strengthened glass (e.g., Gorilla® Glass) with an intermediate polymer interlayer and no peripheral region
• another laminate construction 92 included two panes of approximately 0.7 mm chemically strengthened glass (e.g., Gorilla® Glass) with a suitable intermediate polymer interlayer having a 5 mm peripheral region of DG material
• a second laminate construction 93 included two panes of approximately 0.7 mm chemically strengthened glass (e.g., Gorilla® Glass) with a suitable intermediate polymer interlayer having a 5 mm peripheral region of an exemplary fiber coating
• a third laminate construction 94 included two panes of approximately 0.7 mm chemically strengthened glass (e.g., Gorilla® Glass)
• each embodiment exhibited increases in the failure load as compared to the control; however, the embodiments having the peripheral region containing DG material and Loctite clear material provide an approximately thirty percent and greater increase in edge failure load.
• an exemplary adhesion promoter can be employed resulting in comparable increases in edge failure load.
• embodiments of the present disclosure can provide superior, light-weight glass laminate structures having high edge strengths.
• the respective laminate structure can effectively experience lower tensile stresses in the edge region when flexed and can therefore be able to withstand higher edge loads without breaking.
• the polymer can act as a protective barrier against bumping and fracture of the edge if it is wrapped around the exposed edge of the glass.
• Such features and advantages described herein can allow use of thinner materials than previously employed in the industry and can improve the rigidity of glass laminate structures and allow such structures to meet rigidity requirements of such applications including, but not limited to, sliding windows, sunroofs, table tops, etc.
• Exemplary embodiments also do not deform at higher temperatures hence expanding their working conditions to meet different applications.
• embodiments can also achieve the durability, low weight, scratch resistance, etc. provided by Gorilla® Glass or Willow® Glass.
• a laminate structure having a first glass layer, a second glass layer, and at least one polymer interlayer intermediate the first and second glass layers.
• the polymer interlayer can include a first region having a first modulus of elasticity and a second region having a second modulus of elasticity.
• the second modulus of elasticity can be greater than the first modulus of elasticity.
• the first region can be a central region of the polymer interlayer and the second region can be a peripheral region of the polymer interlayer encompassing the first region.
• Exemplary moduli of elasticity of the first region can be about 15 MPa, between about 1 MPa to about 20 MPa, or between 2 to about 15 MPa.
• Exemplary moduli of elasticity of the second region can be greater than about 25 MPa, between 25 MPa and 90 MPa, greater than about 30 MPa, greater than about 50 MPa, or about 75 MPa.
• moduli of the second or peripheral region can be greater than 90 MPa, e.g., greater than 100 MPa, greater than 500 MPa, greater than 1 GPa, greater than 2 GPa, between lGPa and 4GPa, greater than 4GPa, between 100 MPa and 1 GPa, etc.
• the width of the second region can be variable or can be substantially constant.
• the first glass layer can be chemically strengthened glass and the second glass layer can be non-chemically strengthened glass, whereby the first layer is external or internal to the second layer.
• both layers can be chemically strengthened glass or both layers can be non-chemically strengthened glass.
• the thicknesses of the first and second glass layers can be, but are not limited to, a thickness not exceeding 1.5 mm, a thickness not exceeding 1.0 mm, a thickness not exceeding 0.7 mm, a thickness not exceeding 0.5 mm, a thickness within a range from about 0.5 mm to about 1.0 mm, a thickness from about 0.5 mm to about 0.7 mm.
• the thicknesses of the first and second glass layers can be different.
• the composition of the first and second glass layers can be different.
• Exemplary materials for the first region of the polymer interlayer can include, but are not limited to, poly vinyl butyral (PVB), polycarbonate, acoustic PVB, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), ionomer, a thermoplastic material, and combinations thereof.
• Exemplary materials for the second region of the polymer interlayer can include, but are not limited to, polyurethanes, vulcanized rubber, polyester materials, ionomers, phenol-formaldehydes, urea-formaldehydes, epoxy resins, polyimides, melamine resins, esters, polycyanurates, esters, resins, epoxies, cross-linked polymers, reinforced polymeric materials, 2-part epoxies, 2-part urethanes, 2-part acrylics, 2-part silicones, moisture cure urethanes and epoxies, phenolics, novolacs, melamine formaldehydes, alkyds, unsaturated polyesters, polyimides, polyamides, photo or electron beam curable polymers, and combinations thereof.
• An exemplary polymer interlayer can have a thickness of between about 0.4 to about 1.2 mm. Some interlayers can have thickness of approximately 0.8 mm.
• An exemplary laminate structure can have an area greater than 1 m and can be an automotive windshield, sunroof, cover plate or the like. In some embodiments, one or more surfaces of the first and second glass layers can be acid etched.
• a laminate structure having a first glass layer, a second glass layer, and an interlayer intermediate the first and second glass layers whereby the interlayer includes a first region having a first modulus of elasticity and a second region having a second modulus of elasticity. This second modulus of elasticity can be greater than the first modulus of elasticity.
• the first region can be a central region of the interlayer and the second region can be a peripheral region of the interlayer encompassing the first region.
• Exemplary materials for the first region can include, but are not limited to, poly vinyl butyral (PVB), polycarbonate, acoustic PVB, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), ionomer, a thermoplastic material, polyurethanes, vulcanized rubber, polyester materials, ionomers, phenol-formaldehydes, urea- formaldehydes, epoxy resins, polyimides, melamine resins, esters, polycyanurates, esters, resins, epoxies, cross-linked polymers, reinforced polymeric materials, 2-part epoxies, 2-part urethanes, 2-part acrylics, 2-part silicones, moisture cure urethanes and epoxies, phenolics, novolacs, melamine formaldehydes, alkyds, unsaturated polyesters, polyimides, polyamides, photo or electron beam curable polymers, and combinations thereof.
• PVB poly
• the second region can include materials such as, but not limited to, polyurethanes, vulcanized rubber, polyester materials, ionomers, phenol-formaldehydes, urea-formaldehydes, epoxy resins, polyimides, melamine resins, esters, polycyanurates, esters, resins, epoxies, cross-linked polymers, reinforced polymeric materials, 2-part epoxies, 2-part urethanes, 2-part acrylics, 2-part silicones, moisture cure urethanes and epoxies, phenolics, novolacs, melamine formaldehydes, alkyds, unsaturated polyesters, polyimides, polyamides, photo or electron beam curable polymers, and combinations thereof.
• the second region of the interlayer can be a glass material.

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• 2014
  • 2014-10-06 CN CN201480066586.XA patent/CN105813840B/zh active Active
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