WO2015043457A1 - Power supply apparatus for high-voltage direct-current electronic device - Google Patents

Power supply apparatus for high-voltage direct-current electronic device Download PDF

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WO2015043457A1
WO2015043457A1 PCT/CN2014/087205 CN2014087205W WO2015043457A1 WO 2015043457 A1 WO2015043457 A1 WO 2015043457A1 CN 2014087205 W CN2014087205 W CN 2014087205W WO 2015043457 A1 WO2015043457 A1 WO 2015043457A1
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voltage
low
series
voltage transformer
transformer
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PCT/CN2014/087205
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
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姚为正
张建
杨旭
何青连
马俊民
李旭升
李生林
洪波
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许继电气股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2015043457A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015043457A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/10—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J5/00—Circuit arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks and dc networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/06—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes without control electrode or semiconductor devices without control electrode

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a power supply device for a high voltage direct current electronic device.
  • High-voltage DC electronic equipment including IGBTs, thyristors and other power tubes.
  • the high-voltage electronic DC circuit breaker shown in Figure 1 is composed of a high-voltage DC isolation switch, an auxiliary electronic switch and a main electronic switch.
  • the auxiliary electronic switch and the main electronic switch are formed by connecting multiple stages of IGBTs in series.
  • power supply is a problem because it cannot be directly taken from the DC grid, and the energy required by the electronic equipment is very small.
  • the high-voltage energy-transfer transformer can theoretically achieve high-potential power transmission, for high-voltage power-transfer transformers, the ground insulation withstand voltage is very high, which is for a power-transfer transformer with a small capacity. It is difficult to manufacture, and the cost is extremely high, and no manufacturer is willing to produce such a high-voltage power transmission transformer.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a power supply device for a high-voltage DC electronic device, which solves the problem of high difficulty in manufacturing and high cost of the existing power supply mode.
  • the solution of the present invention includes:
  • a power supply device for a high-voltage direct-current electronic device comprising a series-connected medium-voltage transformer group, wherein the series-connected medium-voltage transformer group is formed by connecting at least two medium-voltage transformers in series, and the primary-stage medium-voltage transformer is connected to the first stage in the first stage.
  • the primary side of the first-stage medium-voltage transformer is connected to the power supply, and the secondary side of the last-stage medium-voltage transformer is used to connect the high-voltage DC electronic equipment to be powered.
  • the power supply device further includes at least one series low voltage transformer group, each series low voltage transformer group is formed by connecting at least two low voltage transformers in series, and the first stage low voltage transformer of each series low voltage transformer group is connected to the last stage in the last stage.
  • the secondary side of the transformer; in the series low-voltage transformer group, the primary side and/or the secondary side of each low-voltage transformer are used for connection Electrical high voltage DC electronic equipment.
  • a series-stage inter-stage insulated low-voltage transformer group is connected to the primary side and/or the secondary side of each low-voltage transformer; each series-stage inter-stage insulated low-voltage transformer group is connected in series by at least two interstage insulated low-voltage transformers.
  • the primary side and/or the secondary side of the low-voltage transformer corresponding to the first-stage inter-stage insulated low-voltage transformer of each series-stage insulated low-voltage transformer group are connected to the primary side and/or the secondary side of the low-voltage transformer.
  • the secondary side is used to connect the high voltage DC electronic equipment to be powered.
  • the present invention uses a plurality of medium-voltage transformers in series to replace the high-voltage transformer; and uses a low-cost power-frequency or high-frequency power transformer at a ground potential, and a series connection method through multiple transformers A power source at ground potential is coupled to a high-potential electronic device.
  • Each transformer is connected in series.
  • the system requires the ultra-high insulation voltage of the power supply to be shared or evenly shared by the multi-stage transformers connected in series, which greatly reduces the insulation level of the transformer and reduces the cost and production difficulty of the transformer. Created conditions for the application of high voltage DC electronic equipment.
  • Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a high voltage electronic DC circuit breaker
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit schematic diagram of Embodiment 1;
  • Figure 3 is a circuit schematic diagram of Embodiment 2;
  • Embodiment 4 is a circuit schematic diagram of Embodiment 3.
  • the series (medium voltage, low voltage, interstage insulation low voltage) transformer group referred to in this paper refers to a transformer group formed by connecting a plurality of transformers in series.
  • the series connection of transformers refers to the primary side of the transformer of the first stage transformer connected to the primary side of the transformer.
  • the series medium voltage transformer group has three medium voltage transformers 1TFa, 2TFa and 3TFa connected in series, 1TFa primary side is connected to the power supply, and 3TFa secondary side is connected to the high voltage electronic equipment to be powered.
  • the power supply is independent of the power supply of the high-voltage electronic equipment, such as the ground potential power supply (as shown in Figure 2), the transformer 1TFa secondary output voltage as the second input voltage of the second transformer 2TFa, the second The output voltage of the transformer 2TFa is used as the input voltage of the third transformer 3TFa, so that the first-stage coupling couples the power source at the ground potential to the electronic device at a high potential, and the third transformer 3TFa the secondary side is connected to the power supply.
  • High-voltage DC electronic equipment (requires the corresponding converter device).
  • the high-voltage electronic equipment has a grounding withstand voltage of 500kV, and is distributed on the three medium voltage transformers 1TFa, 2TFa, and 3TFa according to design requirements.
  • the insulation voltage is shared by the three medium voltage transformers or evenly shared.
  • the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the third intermediate voltage transformer 3TFa secondary side is no longer directly connected to the high voltage direct current electronic device to be powered, but passes through a low voltage transformer.
  • these low-voltage transformers form two series low-voltage transformers (as other embodiments, it can also be more series low-voltage transformers), and the first-stage low-voltage transformers of each series low-voltage transformer are connected to the last stage.
  • the primary and/or secondary side of the low voltage transformer is connected to the high voltage DC electronic equipment to be powered.
  • Embodiments 2 and 3 are suitable for powering a plurality of electronic devices in series.
  • Each low-voltage transformer at high potential is a small coupling transformer with low withstand voltage. Because it is equipotential with the electronic equipment connected in series, its withstand voltage level can be equivalent to the withstand voltage level of the electronic equipment connected in series. In this embodiment, the insulation voltage between each of the low voltage transformers is 20 kV.
  • the difference from the second embodiment is that the primary side and/or the secondary side of the low-voltage transformer are not directly connected to the high-voltage DC electronic equipment to be powered, but pass through the interstage insulated low-voltage transformer - the primary side of each low-voltage transformer / or the secondary side is connected to a series inter-stage insulated low-voltage transformer group, the primary side and / or the secondary side of the inter-stage insulated low-voltage transformer is connected to the high-voltage DC electronic equipment to be powered.
  • the interstage insulated low voltage transformer can be used for a single IGBT in series with the electronic switch of Figure 1, and each interstage insulated low voltage transformer set can be used to power a valve segment of the electronic switch.
  • the insulation voltage between each of the interstage insulated low voltage transformers is 2 kV.

Abstract

A power supply apparatus for a high-voltage direct-current electronic device replaces a high-voltage transformer with multiple cascaded medium-voltage transformers, and couples a power source at the ground potential to a high-potential electronic device by using a low-cost ground-potential power-frequency/high-frequency power source transformer and by cascading multiple transformers. The transformers are cascaded in structure, and a system requires that the insulation voltage exceeding a power supply source is shared or equally shared by the cascaded multi-level transformers, thereby reducing the insulation level of the transformer, decreasing the costs of the transformer and simplifying the production, and creating conditions for application of a high-voltage direct-current electronic device.

Description

高压直流电子设备的供电装置Power supply device for high voltage DC electronic equipment 技术领域Technical field
本发明涉及一种高压直流电子设备的供电装置。The invention relates to a power supply device for a high voltage direct current electronic device.
背景技术Background technique
高压直流电子设备，包括IGBT、晶闸管和其他功率管等等。如图1所示的高压电子式直流断路器由高压直流隔离开关、辅助电子式开关及主电子式开关等几部分组成。其中辅助电子式开关及主电子式开关是有多级IGBT串联而成。对于这种高压、超高压直流线路上的电子设备，由于无法从直流电网直接取能，而且电子设备所需能量又很少，因此，其供电是一难题。High-voltage DC electronic equipment, including IGBTs, thyristors and other power tubes. The high-voltage electronic DC circuit breaker shown in Figure 1 is composed of a high-voltage DC isolation switch, an auxiliary electronic switch and a main electronic switch. Among them, the auxiliary electronic switch and the main electronic switch are formed by connecting multiple stages of IGBTs in series. For such electronic equipment on high-voltage, ultra-high-voltage DC lines, power supply is a problem because it cannot be directly taken from the DC grid, and the energy required by the electronic equipment is very small.
尽管理论上采用高压送能变压器可以实现高电位的送能，但是对于高电压的送能变压器而言，其对地绝缘耐压要求很高，这对于一个容量并不大的送能变压器而言，其制造难度相当大，而且成本极高，并且没有厂家愿意生产这种价值不高的高压送能变压器。Although the high-voltage energy-transfer transformer can theoretically achieve high-potential power transmission, for high-voltage power-transfer transformers, the ground insulation withstand voltage is very high, which is for a power-transfer transformer with a small capacity. It is difficult to manufacture, and the cost is extremely high, and no manufacturer is willing to produce such a high-voltage power transmission transformer.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种高压直流电子设备的供电装置，用以解决现有供电方式制造难度大、成本高的问题。The object of the present invention is to provide a power supply device for a high-voltage DC electronic device, which solves the problem of high difficulty in manufacturing and high cost of the existing power supply mode.
为实现上述目的，本发明的方案包括：To achieve the above object, the solution of the present invention includes:
高压直流电子设备的供电装置，所述供电装置包括一个串联中压变压器组，该串联中压变压器组由至少两个中压变压器串联而成，后一级中压变压器原边连接前一级中压变压器副边，第一级的中压变压器原边连接电源，最后一级中压变压器副边用于连接待供电的高压直流电子设备。A power supply device for a high-voltage direct-current electronic device, the power supply device comprising a series-connected medium-voltage transformer group, wherein the series-connected medium-voltage transformer group is formed by connecting at least two medium-voltage transformers in series, and the primary-stage medium-voltage transformer is connected to the first stage in the first stage. On the secondary side of the transformer, the primary side of the first-stage medium-voltage transformer is connected to the power supply, and the secondary side of the last-stage medium-voltage transformer is used to connect the high-voltage DC electronic equipment to be powered.
所述供电装置还包括至少一个串联低压变压器组，每个串联低压变压器组由至少两个低压变压器串联而成，每个串联低压变压器组的第一级低压变压器原边连接所述最后一级中压变压器副边；所述串联低压变压器组中，各低压变压器的原边和/或副边用于连接待供 电的高压直流电子设备。The power supply device further includes at least one series low voltage transformer group, each series low voltage transformer group is formed by connecting at least two low voltage transformers in series, and the first stage low voltage transformer of each series low voltage transformer group is connected to the last stage in the last stage. The secondary side of the transformer; in the series low-voltage transformer group, the primary side and/or the secondary side of each low-voltage transformer are used for connection Electrical high voltage DC electronic equipment.
所述串联低压变压器组中，各低压变压器的原边和/或副边连接有一个串联级间绝缘低压变压器组；每个串联级间绝缘低压变压器组由至少两个级间绝缘低压变压器串联而成，每个串联级间绝缘低压变压器组的第一级级间绝缘低压变压器原边连接对应的所述低压变压器的原边和/或副边，各级间绝缘低压变压器的原边和/或副边用于连接待供电的高压直流电子设备。In the series low-voltage transformer group, a series-stage inter-stage insulated low-voltage transformer group is connected to the primary side and/or the secondary side of each low-voltage transformer; each series-stage inter-stage insulated low-voltage transformer group is connected in series by at least two interstage insulated low-voltage transformers. The primary side and/or the secondary side of the low-voltage transformer corresponding to the first-stage inter-stage insulated low-voltage transformer of each series-stage insulated low-voltage transformer group are connected to the primary side and/or the secondary side of the low-voltage transformer. The secondary side is used to connect the high voltage DC electronic equipment to be powered.
由于高压送能变压器制造难度大，成本很高，本发明采用多个中压变压器串联，以取代高压变压器；采用低成本位于地电位的工频或高频电源变压器，通过多个变压器串联的方法，把处于地电位的电源耦合到高电位的电子设备。每个变压器在结构上是串联的，系统对供电电源超高的绝缘电压要求被串联的多级变压器分担或者平均分担，极大的降低了变压器的绝缘等级，降低了变压器的造价及生产难度，为高压直流电子式设备的应用创造了条件。Since the high-voltage power-supply transformer is difficult to manufacture and high in cost, the present invention uses a plurality of medium-voltage transformers in series to replace the high-voltage transformer; and uses a low-cost power-frequency or high-frequency power transformer at a ground potential, and a series connection method through multiple transformers A power source at ground potential is coupled to a high-potential electronic device. Each transformer is connected in series. The system requires the ultra-high insulation voltage of the power supply to be shared or evenly shared by the multi-stage transformers connected in series, which greatly reduces the insulation level of the transformer and reduces the cost and production difficulty of the transformer. Created conditions for the application of high voltage DC electronic equipment.
附图说明DRAWINGS
图1是高压电子式直流断路器结构图；Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a high voltage electronic DC circuit breaker;
图2是实施例1的电路原理图；Figure 2 is a circuit schematic diagram of Embodiment 1;
图3是实施例2的电路原理图；Figure 3 is a circuit schematic diagram of Embodiment 2;
图4是实施例3的电路原理图。4 is a circuit schematic diagram of Embodiment 3.
具体实施方式detailed description
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细的说明。The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
实施例1Example 1
本文中所指串联(中压、低压、级间绝缘低压)变压器组，是指多个变压器串联形成的变压器组，变压器串联是指后一级变压器原边连接前一级变压器副边。如图2所示，串联中压变压器组有三个中压变压器1TFa、2TFa、3TFa依次串联而成，1TFa原边连接电源，3TFa副边连接到待供电的高压电子设备。电源为独立于高压电子设备的电源，如地电位的电源(如图2)，变压器1TFa二次输出电压作为第二个变压器2TFa的一次输入电压，第二 个变压器2TFa的输出电压作为第三个变压器3TFa的输入电压，这样一级一级的耦合，把处于地电位的电源耦合到处于高电位的电子设备，第三个变压器3TFa副边连接待供电的高压直流电子设备(需要通过相应的变流设备)。从图中可以看出，高压电子设备对地绝缘耐压为500kV，按照设计要求分配在三个中压变压器1TFa、2TFa、3TFa上，绝缘电压由三个中压变压器分担或者平均分担。The series (medium voltage, low voltage, interstage insulation low voltage) transformer group referred to in this paper refers to a transformer group formed by connecting a plurality of transformers in series. The series connection of transformers refers to the primary side of the transformer of the first stage transformer connected to the primary side of the transformer. As shown in Fig. 2, the series medium voltage transformer group has three medium voltage transformers 1TFa, 2TFa and 3TFa connected in series, 1TFa primary side is connected to the power supply, and 3TFa secondary side is connected to the high voltage electronic equipment to be powered. The power supply is independent of the power supply of the high-voltage electronic equipment, such as the ground potential power supply (as shown in Figure 2), the transformer 1TFa secondary output voltage as the second input voltage of the second transformer 2TFa, the second The output voltage of the transformer 2TFa is used as the input voltage of the third transformer 3TFa, so that the first-stage coupling couples the power source at the ground potential to the electronic device at a high potential, and the third transformer 3TFa the secondary side is connected to the power supply. High-voltage DC electronic equipment (requires the corresponding converter device). It can be seen from the figure that the high-voltage electronic equipment has a grounding withstand voltage of 500kV, and is distributed on the three medium voltage transformers 1TFa, 2TFa, and 3TFa according to design requirements. The insulation voltage is shared by the three medium voltage transformers or evenly shared.
依照本实施例，也可以设置更多变压器的串联。According to this embodiment, it is also possible to provide a series connection of more transformers.
实施例2Example 2
如图3所示，本实施例与实施例1不同在于，第三个中压变压器3TFa副边不再直接连接到待供电的高压直流电子设备，而是经过了低压变压器。如图3，这些低压变压器形成两个串联低压变压器组(作为其他实施方式，也可以是更多个串联低压变压器组)，每个串联低压变压器组的第一级低压变压器均连接到最后一级中压变压器的副边。低压变压器的原边和/或副边连接待供电的高压直流电子设备。As shown in FIG. 3, the present embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the third intermediate voltage transformer 3TFa secondary side is no longer directly connected to the high voltage direct current electronic device to be powered, but passes through a low voltage transformer. As shown in Figure 3, these low-voltage transformers form two series low-voltage transformers (as other embodiments, it can also be more series low-voltage transformers), and the first-stage low-voltage transformers of each series low-voltage transformer are connected to the last stage. The secondary side of the medium voltage transformer. The primary and/or secondary side of the low voltage transformer is connected to the high voltage DC electronic equipment to be powered.
位于高电位的电子设备往往是由多个串联的IGBT、晶闸管或其它串联的电子设备组成。实施例2和实施例3适合于为串联的多个电子设备供电。位于高电位每一个低压变压器均是耐压较低的小型耦合变压器，因其与串联的电子设备等电位，其耐压等级只要与串联的电子设备的耐压等级相当即可。本实施例中，每个低压变压器之间的绝缘电压为20kV。Electronic devices located at high potentials are often composed of multiple IGBTs, thyristors or other electronic devices connected in series. Embodiments 2 and 3 are suitable for powering a plurality of electronic devices in series. Each low-voltage transformer at high potential is a small coupling transformer with low withstand voltage. Because it is equipotential with the electronic equipment connected in series, its withstand voltage level can be equivalent to the withstand voltage level of the electronic equipment connected in series. In this embodiment, the insulation voltage between each of the low voltage transformers is 20 kV.
实施例3Example 3
如图4，与实施例2不同在于，低压变压器的原边和/或副边不直接连接待供电的高压直流电子设备，而是经过了级间绝缘低压变压器——各低压变压器的原边和/或副边连接有一个串联级间绝缘低压变压器组，级间绝缘低压变压器的原边和/或副边连接待供电的高压直流电子设备。级间绝缘低压变压器可以用于对应图1中电子式开关的串联的单个IGBT，每个级间绝缘低压变压器组可以用于为电子式开关的一个阀段供电。4, the difference from the second embodiment is that the primary side and/or the secondary side of the low-voltage transformer are not directly connected to the high-voltage DC electronic equipment to be powered, but pass through the interstage insulated low-voltage transformer - the primary side of each low-voltage transformer / or the secondary side is connected to a series inter-stage insulated low-voltage transformer group, the primary side and / or the secondary side of the inter-stage insulated low-voltage transformer is connected to the high-voltage DC electronic equipment to be powered. The interstage insulated low voltage transformer can be used for a single IGBT in series with the electronic switch of Figure 1, and each interstage insulated low voltage transformer set can be used to power a valve segment of the electronic switch.
本实施例中，每个级间绝缘低压变压器之间的绝缘电压为2kV。In this embodiment, the insulation voltage between each of the interstage insulated low voltage transformers is 2 kV.
此项专利受国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)课题资助，课题编号：2012AA050206。 The patent was funded by the National High Technology Research and Development Program (863 Program), project number: 2012AA050206.

Claims (3)

  1. 高压直流电子设备的供电装置，其特征在于，所述供电装置包括一个串联中压变压器组，该串联中压变压器组由至少两个中压变压器串联而成，后一级中压变压器原边连接前一级中压变压器副边，第一级的中压变压器原边连接电源，最后一级中压变压器副边用于连接待供电的高压直流电子设备。The power supply device of the high voltage direct current electronic device is characterized in that the power supply device comprises a series medium voltage transformer group, wherein the series medium voltage transformer group is formed by connecting at least two medium voltage transformers in series, and the primary medium voltage transformer is connected to the primary side. The secondary side of the medium-voltage transformer of the first stage, the primary side of the first-stage medium-voltage transformer is connected to the power supply, and the secondary side of the last-stage medium-voltage transformer is used to connect the high-voltage DC electronic equipment to be powered.
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的高压直流电子设备的供电装置，其特征在于，所述供电装置还包括至少一个串联低压变压器组，每个串联低压变压器组由至少两个低压变压器串联而成，每个串联低压变压器组的第一级低压变压器原边连接所述最后一级中压变压器副边；所述串联低压变压器组中，各低压变压器的原边和/或副边用于连接待供电的高压直流电子设备。The power supply device for a high voltage direct current electronic device according to claim 1, wherein said power supply device further comprises at least one series low voltage transformer group, each series low voltage transformer group being formed by connecting at least two low voltage transformers in series, each The primary side of the low-voltage transformer of the series low-voltage transformer group is connected to the secondary side of the last-stage medium-voltage transformer; in the series low-voltage transformer group, the primary side and/or the secondary side of each low-voltage transformer are used to connect the high voltage to be powered DC electronic equipment.
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的高压直流电子设备的供电装置，其特征在于，所述串联低压变压器组中，各低压变压器的原边和/或副边连接有一个串联级间绝缘低压变压器组；每个串联级间绝缘低压变压器组由至少两个级间绝缘低压变压器串联而成，每个串联级间绝缘低压变压器组的第一级级间绝缘低压变压器原边连接对应的所述低压变压器的原边和/或副边，各级间绝缘低压变压器的原边和/或副边用于连接待供电的高压直流电子设备。 The power supply device for a high voltage direct current electronic device according to claim 2, wherein in the series low voltage transformer group, a series interstage insulated low voltage transformer group is connected to the primary side and/or the secondary side of each low voltage transformer; The series-level inter-stage insulated low-voltage transformer group is formed by connecting at least two inter-stage insulated low-voltage transformers in series, and the first-stage inter-stage insulated low-voltage transformer of each series-stage insulated low-voltage transformer group is connected to the original of the low-voltage transformer corresponding to the primary side. The primary and/or secondary sides of the insulated low-voltage transformer between the stages are used to connect the high-voltage DC electronic equipment to be powered.
PCT/CN2014/087205 2013-09-24 2014-09-23 Power supply apparatus for high-voltage direct-current electronic device WO2015043457A1 (en)

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