WO2015040518A1 - Device and method for testing the sealing of a cable - Google Patents

Device and method for testing the sealing of a cable Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015040518A1
WO2015040518A1 PCT/IB2014/064219 IB2014064219W WO2015040518A1 WO 2015040518 A1 WO2015040518 A1 WO 2015040518A1 IB 2014064219 W IB2014064219 W IB 2014064219W WO 2015040518 A1 WO2015040518 A1 WO 2015040518A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cable
gas
box
pressure
water
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2014/064219
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Christophe BOILLAT
Stéphane ROHRBACH
Jean-Marie Buchilly
Original Assignee
Fischer Connectors Holding S.A.
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fischer Connectors Holding S.A. filed Critical Fischer Connectors Holding S.A.
Publication of WO2015040518A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015040518A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
    • G01M3/06—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point by observing bubbles in a liquid pool
    • G01M3/08—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point by observing bubbles in a liquid pool for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds
    • G01M3/081—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point by observing bubbles in a liquid pool for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves; for welds for cables

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the verification of the tightness of a cable, in particular a double-ended cable.
  • double end cable is meant a group of son assembled in the same sheath whose ends comprise an element, such as electrical connector and / or optical.
  • the inner area of the cable must be watertight relative to the outside.
  • the tightness of this type of cable must not only be guaranteed along its length but also at its ends.
  • vacuum bubble test which consists of immersing the cable in a box containing water. Once the box is closed, an air gap is applied inside it, eg at 0.9 bar gradient, taking care however not to bring the water to a boil. Under these conditions, if there is no seal, air bubbles out of the cable and can be easily detected.
  • the vacuum bubble test is also sensitive to outgassing of the water.
  • the generation of relatively large bubbles can disturb the measurement. There is therefore a need to remedy the aforementioned problems, in particular by offering the possibility of testing the tightness of the double-ended cables used in high pressure environments.
  • the invention also consists of a device as described in the claims.
  • the leak test according to the invention comprises the following successive steps:
  • the introduction of gas into the box has the effect of increasing the pressure inside the box. Since in this case, the cable is not waterproof, the gas is also introduced inside the cable. The pressure inside the cable is therefore substantially equal to the pressure prevailing inside the box.
  • the introduction of liquid has the effect of immersing the cable to be tested. Whether the cable is waterproof or not, the water will not penetrate inside because the overpressure is uniform. Even if the water level exceeds by a few centimeters the place supposed to be not watertight, the overpressure likely to induce an introduction of the liquid into the cable is negligible (approximately 1 bar for 10 meters of water, or 0.001 bar for 1 cm of water).
  • the unsealed cable has been filled with a certain volume of air at 10 bar (for example) and subjected to a potential liquid inlet at 1 0.001 bar.
  • the volume of water likely to be introduced is therefore only 1/1 0 ⁇ 00 of the volume that the pressurized air had taken. Since this can be considered as negligible, the cable, even if it is not waterproof, is not subjected to a "destructive" test and only air under pressure has been introduced into it.
  • the gas used may be air or any other test gas, eg nitrogen.
  • the liquid is preferably water but any other liquid can be used, as long as the choice of gas and liquid induce bubble formation when there is a pressure gradient between these two elements.
  • the pressure of the gas is preferably greater than 10 bars. However, it is perfectly possible to work at lower pressures as soon as the pressure of the gas is sufficient for it to penetrate inside the cable.
  • the detection of bubbles can be performed visually by a person.
  • a camera is used for this purpose.
  • the device according to the invention comprises the following elements:
  • the device further comprises a gas outlet.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a general view of an exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the box of Figure 1 but without cover.
  • Figure 3 illustrates the box in which there is a double end cable.
  • Figure 4 shows the air inlet in the box.
  • Figure 5 shows the water inlet in the box.
  • Figure 6 illustrates the detection of bubbles following the pressure decrease in the box.
  • the illustrated device is used as follows:
  • a double end cable for which it is desired to test the tightness is placed in a hermetic box (FIG. 3), taking care to arrange the areas where the risk of leakage is highest near a detection system (camera). .
  • the box is then closed ( Figure 4) and air is injected into the box, p. ex. 12 or 20 bars.
  • Water is then injected into the box (FIG. 4), at a pressure greater than that of the gas. Preferably, one stops to inject gas before the entry of water. As illustrated in the figures, the volume occupied by the water is less than the total volume of the interior of the box. The injection of water separates the interior of the caisson into two regions, a first occupied by water and a second occupied by gas. Note that this configuration is only one variant of the invention.
  • the injection of water also has the effect of increasing the pressure in the region occupied by the gas. If the volume of water occupies half of the internal volume of the box, the volume initially occupied by the gas decreases by half and its pressure doubles. Once the water is introduced into the box, the device is operational for the detection of bubbles.
  • Any geometry box can be used when it is hermetic, allows to introduce and remove at least one cable, contains at least one gas inlet, at least one liquid inlet and detection means d possible bubbles.
  • the invention also comprises devices allowing the introduction of several cables in the same box. By arranging the cables in different places of the box it is possible to determine the one or those who are not waterproof. Finally, it should be noted that the invention can also be used to test the sealing of single cables, ie cables that do not have elements permanently fixed at their ends.

Abstract

Method for testing the sealing of a double-ended cable comprising the following successive steps: - positioning the cable in a hermetic chamber, - introducing gas at a pressure Pgas into the chamber, - introducing liquid at a pressure Pliq into the chamber, with Pliq > Pgas, - returning the chamber and its contents to atmospheric pressure, - detecting gas bubbles if the cable is not sealed. The invention also relates to a device that makes it possible to carry out the aforementioned method.

Description

Dispositif et méthode pour tester l'étanchéité d'un câble  Device and method for testing the tightness of a cable
Domaine de l'invention Field of the invention
L'invention concerne la vérification de l'étanchéité d'un câble, notamment d'un câble à double extrémité. The invention relates to the verification of the tightness of a cable, in particular a double-ended cable.
Etat de la technique State of the art
Par « câble à double extrémité >> on entend un groupe de fils assemblés dans une même gaine dont les extrémités comportent un élément, tel que connecteur électrique et/ou optique. By "double end cable" is meant a group of son assembled in the same sheath whose ends comprise an element, such as electrical connector and / or optical.
Dans bien des cas, la zone interne du câble doit être étanche par rapport à l'extérieur. L'étanchéité de ce type de câble doit non seulement être garantie sur sa longueur mais également au niveau de ses extrémités. In many cases, the inner area of the cable must be watertight relative to the outside. The tightness of this type of cable must not only be guaranteed along its length but also at its ends.
Pour les câbles à extrémité simple, càd dont une des extrémités est ouverte, il est possible de vérifier l'étanchéité en immergeant le câble dans un liquide et en injectant de l'air au niveau de son extrémité ouverte. Si le câble n'est pas étanche, l'air s'échappe de la zone interne du câble et des bulles sont observées dans le liquide. Le test décrit précédemment, outre le fait qu'il n'est pas applicable à la vérification de l'étanchéité de câbles à double extrémité, ne permet pas de tester le câble à des pressions élevées, p. ex. de l'ordre de 50 bars. For single ended cables, ie one of whose ends is open, it is possible to check the seal by immersing the cable in a liquid and injecting air at its open end. If the cable is not tight, the air escapes from the inner area of the cable and bubbles are observed in the liquid. The test described above, in addition to the fact that it is not applicable to the verification of the tightness of double-ended cables, does not make it possible to test the cable at high pressures, e.g. ex. of the order of 50 bars.
Lorsque le câble est à double extrémité, il est possible d'utiliser le test dit « à bulle sous vide >> qui consiste en l'immersion du câble dans un caisson contenant de l'eau. Une fois le caisson fermé, un vide d'air est appliqué à l'intérieur de celui-ci, p.ex. à 0.9 bar de gradient, en veillant toutefois de ne pas porter l'eau à ébullition. Dans ces conditions, si il n'y pas étanchéité, des bulles d'air sortent du câble et peuvent être aisément détectées. When the cable is double end, it is possible to use the so-called "vacuum bubble" test which consists of immersing the cable in a box containing water. Once the box is closed, an air gap is applied inside it, eg at 0.9 bar gradient, taking care however not to bring the water to a boil. Under these conditions, if there is no seal, air bubbles out of the cable and can be easily detected.
Avec le test à bulle sous vide il n'est donc pas possible d'appliquer un gradient de pression supérieur à 1 bar, ce qui ne rend pas possible l'homologation de câbles destinés à des environnements sous haute pression. With the vacuum bubble test it is therefore not possible to apply a pressure gradient greater than 1 bar, which does not make possible the approval of cables for environments under high pressure.
Le test à bulle sous vide est en outre sensible au dégazage de l'eau. La génération de bulles de relative grande taille peut perturber la mesure. II existe donc un besoin de remédier aux problèmes précités, en offrant notamment la possibilité de tester l'étanchéité des câbles à double extrémité que l'on utilise dans des environnements à haute pression. The vacuum bubble test is also sensitive to outgassing of the water. The generation of relatively large bubbles can disturb the measurement. There is therefore a need to remedy the aforementioned problems, in particular by offering the possibility of testing the tightness of the double-ended cables used in high pressure environments.
Exposé général de l'invention General presentation of the invention
Dans l'invention, la solution des problèmes précités consiste en une méthode telle que définie dans les revendications. In the invention, the solution of the aforementioned problems consists of a method as defined in the claims.
L'invention consiste également en un dispositif tel que décrit dans les revendications.  The invention also consists of a device as described in the claims.
Le test d'étanchéité selon l'invention comprend les étapes successives suivantes : The leak test according to the invention comprises the following successive steps:
- disposition du câble dans un caisson hermétique,  - cable arrangement in a hermetic box,
- introduction de gaz à une pression Pgaz dans le caisson, - introduction of gas at a pressure P gas in the box,
- introduction de liquide à une pression Pnq dans le caisson, avec Piiq > Pgaz,- introduction of liquid at a pressure Pn q in the box, with Pii q > P gas ,
- retour à la pression atmosphérique du caisson et de ses contenants,- return to the atmospheric pressure of the box and its containers,
- détection de bulles de gaz si le câble n'est pas étanche. Afin de mieux comprendre le principe de fonctionnement de la méthode selon l'invention, prenons le cas de figure dans lequel le câble à tester n'est pas étanche : - detection of gas bubbles if the cable is not waterproof. In order to better understand the operating principle of the method according to the invention, consider the situation in which the cable to be tested is not waterproof:
L'introduction de gaz dans le caisson a pour effet d'augmenter la pression qui règne à l'intérieur du caisson. Etant donné que dans ce cas de figure, le câble n'est pas étanche, le gaz s'introduit également à l'intérieur du câble. La pression à l'intérieur du câble est donc sensiblement égale à la pression qui règne à l'intérieur du caisson.  The introduction of gas into the box has the effect of increasing the pressure inside the box. Since in this case, the cable is not waterproof, the gas is also introduced inside the cable. The pressure inside the cable is therefore substantially equal to the pressure prevailing inside the box.
A noter en passant que la pression du gaz injecté doit être suffisante pour que celui-ci pénètre à l'intérieur du câble.  It should be noted in passing that the pressure of the injected gas must be sufficient for it to penetrate inside the cable.
A relever également que si le câble était étanche, la pression à l'intérieur du câble serait inférieure à celle qui régnerait dans le caisson. Dans cette situation, le câble aurait donc tendance à se contracter sur lui-même. La diminution de diamètre du câble qui en résulterait ne serait en fait que relativement faible à cause de la présence des fils dans la gaine. Also note that if the cable was tight, the pressure inside the cable would be lower than that which would prevail in the box. In this situation, the cable would tend to contract on itself. The resultant decrease in cable diameter would in fact be only relatively small because of the presence of the wires in the sheath.
L'introduction de liquide a pour effet d'immerger le câble à tester. Que le câble soit étanche ou non, l'eau ne pénétrera pas à l'intérieur car la surpression est uniforme. Même si le niveau de l'eau dépasse de quelques centimètres l'endroit supposé non étanche, la surpression susceptible d'induire une introduction du liquide dans le câble est négligeable (approximativement 1 bar pour 1 0 mètres d'eau, soit 0.001 bar pour 1 cm d'eau). Ainsi, le câble non étanche aura été rempli d'un certain volume d'air à 1 0 bars (par exemple) et soumis à une entrée de liquide potentielle à 1 0.001 bars. Le volume d'eau susceptible de s'introduire n'est donc égal qu'au 1 /1 0Ό00 du volume que l'air sous pression avait pris. Ceci pouvant être considéré comme négligeable, le câble, même non étanche, n'est pas soumis à un test « destructif >> et seul de l'air sous pression y a été introduit. The introduction of liquid has the effect of immersing the cable to be tested. Whether the cable is waterproof or not, the water will not penetrate inside because the overpressure is uniform. Even if the water level exceeds by a few centimeters the place supposed to be not watertight, the overpressure likely to induce an introduction of the liquid into the cable is negligible (approximately 1 bar for 10 meters of water, or 0.001 bar for 1 cm of water). Thus, the unsealed cable has been filled with a certain volume of air at 10 bar (for example) and subjected to a potential liquid inlet at 1 0.001 bar. The volume of water likely to be introduced is therefore only 1/1 0Ό00 of the volume that the pressurized air had taken. Since this can be considered as negligible, the cable, even if it is not waterproof, is not subjected to a "destructive" test and only air under pressure has been introduced into it.
Lorsque la pression du caisson est remise à la pression atmosphérique, le volume d'air emmagasiné par le câble augmente et exerce une pression d'air dans l'eau qui se manifeste par l'observation de bulles. Les bulles ainsi formées peuvent être détectées, et l'absence d'étanchéité constatée. When the pressure of the caisson is returned to atmospheric pressure, the volume of air stored by the cable increases and exerts an air pressure in the water which is manifested by the observation of bubbles. The bubbles thus formed can be detected, and the absence of sealing observed.
Le gaz utilisé peut-être de l'air ou tout autre gaz permettant d'effectuer le test, p.ex. de l'azote. The gas used may be air or any other test gas, eg nitrogen.
Le liquide est de préférence de l'eau mais n'importe quel autre liquide peut être utilisé, pour autant que le choix du gaz et du liquide induisent la formation de bulles lorsqu'il existe un gradient de pression entre ces deux éléments. La pression du gaz est de préférence supérieure à 10 bars. Il est cependant parfaitement possible de travailler à des pressions inférieures dès lors que la pression du gaz est suffisante pour qu'il s'introduise à l'intérieur du câble. The liquid is preferably water but any other liquid can be used, as long as the choice of gas and liquid induce bubble formation when there is a pressure gradient between these two elements. The pressure of the gas is preferably greater than 10 bars. However, it is perfectly possible to work at lower pressures as soon as the pressure of the gas is sufficient for it to penetrate inside the cable.
La détection de bulles peut être effectuée de visu par une personne. The detection of bubbles can be performed visually by a person.
Avantageusement, on utilise à cet effet une caméra. Advantageously, a camera is used for this purpose.
Le dispositif selon l'invention comprend les éléments suivants : The device according to the invention comprises the following elements:
- un caisson hermétique avec des moyens pour y introduire et retirer au moins un câble à double extrémité,  an airtight box with means for introducing and removing at least one double end cable,
- une entrée de gaz,  - a gas inlet,
- une entrée de liquide,  - a liquid inlet,
- retour à la pression atmosphérique du caisson et de ses contenants, - return to the atmospheric pressure of the box and its containers,
- des moyens de détection de bulles. Avantageusement le dispositif comprend en outre une sortie de gaz. - Bubble detection means. Advantageously, the device further comprises a gas outlet.
Exposé détaillé de l'invention L'invention est décrite plus en détail ci-après au moyen d'exemples illustrés par les figures suivantes : La figure 1 illustre une vue générale d'un exemple de réalisation d'un dispositif selon l'invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention is described in more detail below by means of examples illustrated by the following figures: FIG. 1 illustrates a general view of an exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention.
La figure 2 illustre le caisson de la figure 1 mais sans couvercle.  Figure 2 illustrates the box of Figure 1 but without cover.
La figure 3 illustre le caisson dans lequel se trouve un câble à double extrémité. La figure 4 représente l'arrivée d'air dans le caisson. Figure 3 illustrates the box in which there is a double end cable. Figure 4 shows the air inlet in the box.
La figure 5 représente l'arrivée d'eau dans le caisson. Figure 5 shows the water inlet in the box.
La figure 6 illustre la détection de bulles suite à la diminution de pression dans le caisson.  Figure 6 illustrates the detection of bubbles following the pressure decrease in the box.
Le dispositif illustré est utilisé de la manière suivante : The illustrated device is used as follows:
Un câble à double extrémité pour lequel on souhaite tester l'étanchéité est disposé dans un caisson hermétique (figure 3) en prenant soin de disposer les zones où le risque de fuite est le plus élevé à proximité d'un système de détection (caméra). Le caisson est ensuite fermé (figure 4) et de l'air est injecté dans le caisson, p. ex. 12 ou 20 bars. A double end cable for which it is desired to test the tightness is placed in a hermetic box (FIG. 3), taking care to arrange the areas where the risk of leakage is highest near a detection system (camera). . The box is then closed (Figure 4) and air is injected into the box, p. ex. 12 or 20 bars.
De l'eau est ensuite injectée dans le caisson (figure 4), à une pression supérieure à celle du gaz. De préférence, on arrête d'injecter du gaz avant l'entrée d'eau. Comme illustré sur les figures, le volume occupé par l'eau est inférieur au volume total de l'intérieur du caisson. L'injection d'eau sépare donc l'intérieur du caisson en deux régions, soit une première occupée par l'eau et une deuxième occupée par le gaz. A relever que cette configuration ne constitue qu'une variante de l'invention. Water is then injected into the box (FIG. 4), at a pressure greater than that of the gas. Preferably, one stops to inject gas before the entry of water. As illustrated in the figures, the volume occupied by the water is less than the total volume of the interior of the box. The injection of water separates the interior of the caisson into two regions, a first occupied by water and a second occupied by gas. Note that this configuration is only one variant of the invention.
Etant donné que le volume interne total du caisson est constant, l'injection d'eau a également pour conséquence d'augmenter la pression dans la région occupée par le gaz. Si le volume de l'eau occupe la moitié du volume interne du caisson, le volume initialement occupé par le gaz diminue de moitié et sa pression double. Une fois l'eau introduite dans le caisson, le dispositif est opérationnel pour la détection de bulles.  Since the total internal volume of the box is constant, the injection of water also has the effect of increasing the pressure in the region occupied by the gas. If the volume of water occupies half of the internal volume of the box, the volume initially occupied by the gas decreases by half and its pressure doubles. Once the water is introduced into the box, the device is operational for the detection of bubbles.
En effet, si l'on enlève la surpression tout en observant le câble, l'air ayant été contenu dans le câble sort sous forme de bulles.  Indeed, if the overpressure is removed while observing the cable, the air having been contained in the cable comes out in the form of bubbles.
Il va de soi que l'invention ne se limite pas à l'exemple illustré. N'importe quelle géométrie de caisson peut être utilisée dès lors que celui-ci est hermétique, permet d'introduire et retirer au moins un câble, contient au moins une entrée de gaz, au moins une entrée de liquide et des moyens de détection d'éventuelles bulles. It goes without saying that the invention is not limited to the illustrated example. Any geometry box can be used when it is hermetic, allows to introduce and remove at least one cable, contains at least one gas inlet, at least one liquid inlet and detection means d possible bubbles.
L'invention comprend également des dispositifs permettant l'introduction de plusieurs câbles dans un même caisson. En disposant les câbles en différent endroits du caisson il est possible de déterminer celui ou ceux qui ne sont pas étanches. A noter enfin que l'invention peut également être utilisée pour tester l'étanchéité de câbles simples, soit des câbles ne comportant pas d'élément fixé de manière permanente à leurs extrémités. The invention also comprises devices allowing the introduction of several cables in the same box. By arranging the cables in different places of the box it is possible to determine the one or those who are not waterproof. Finally, it should be noted that the invention can also be used to test the sealing of single cables, ie cables that do not have elements permanently fixed at their ends.
Dans ce cas, préalablement au test d'étanchéité, on veillera à fermer les extrémités du câble, p. ex. au moyen de pinces.  In this case, before the leak test, make sure to close the ends of the cable, p. ex. by means of pliers.

Claims

Revendications claims
1 . Méthode pour tester l'étanchéité d'un câble à double extrémité comprenant les étapes successives suivantes : 1. A method for testing the tightness of a double end cable comprising the following steps:
- disposition du câble dans un caisson hermétique,  - cable arrangement in a hermetic box,
- introduction de gaz à une pression Pgaz dans le caisson, - introduction of gas at a pressure P gas in the box,
- introduction de liquide à une pression Pnq dans le caisson, avec Piiq > Pgaz,- introduction of liquid at a pressure Pn q in the box, with Pii q > P gas ,
- retour à la pression atmosphérique du caisson et de ses contenants,- return to the atmospheric pressure of the box and its containers,
- détection de bulles de gaz si le câble n'est pas étanche. - detection of gas bubbles if the cable is not waterproof.
2. Méthode selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans laquelle le gaz est de l'air. 2. Method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the gas is air.
3. Méthode selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans laquelle le liquide est de l'eau. 3. Method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the liquid is water.
4. Méthode selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans laquelle Pgaz supérieure à 1 0 bars. 4. A method according to any preceding claim wherein P 1 higher gas 0 bar.
5. Méthode selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans laquelle la détection de bulles est réalisée au moyen d'une caméra. 5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the bubble detection is carried out by means of a camera.
6. Dispositif pour tester l'étanchéité d'un câble à double extrémité comprenant : 6. Device for testing the tightness of a double-ended cable comprising:
- caisson hermétique avec des moyens pour y introduire et retirer au moins un câble à double extrémité,  - hermetic box with means for introducing and removing at least one double end cable,
- une entrée de gaz,  - a gas inlet,
- une entrée de liquide,  - a liquid inlet,
- retour à la pression atmosphérique du caisson et de ses contenants, - return to the atmospheric pressure of the box and its containers,
- des moyens de détection de bulles. - Bubble detection means.
7. Dispositif selon la revendication 6 comprenant en outre une sortie de gaz. Dispositif selon la revendication 6 ou 7 dans lequel les moyens de détection de bulles comprennent une caméra. 7. Device according to claim 6 further comprising a gas outlet. Apparatus according to claim 6 or 7 wherein the bubble detecting means comprises a camera.
PCT/IB2014/064219 2013-09-18 2014-09-03 Device and method for testing the sealing of a cable WO2015040518A1 (en)

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CH01599/13A CH708592A1 (en) 2013-09-18 2013-09-18 Apparatus and method for leak testing a cable.
CH01599/13 2013-09-18

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