WO2015040117A1 - Telescope comprising inner adjustment means in the focal plane - Google Patents

Telescope comprising inner adjustment means in the focal plane Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015040117A1
WO2015040117A1 PCT/EP2014/069901 EP2014069901W WO2015040117A1 WO 2015040117 A1 WO2015040117 A1 WO 2015040117A1 EP 2014069901 W EP2014069901 W EP 2014069901W WO 2015040117 A1 WO2015040117 A1 WO 2015040117A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
telescope
source
controlling
self
light source
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PCT/EP2014/069901
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-François Blanc
Hervé BENARD
Enguerran DELAVAQUERIE
Original Assignee
Thales
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2015040117A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015040117A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
    • G02B23/02—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices involving prisms or mirrors
    • G02B23/06—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices involving prisms or mirrors having a focussing action, e.g. parabolic mirror
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/30—Collimators

Definitions

  • Telescope having internal adjustment means at the focal plane
  • the field of the invention is that of the adjustment and control of telescopes and in particular that of space telescopes.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows the operation of such a test bench.
  • the collimator comprises a source S and a collimation optic O c .
  • this bench is placed in a vacuum chamber so as to eliminate the disturbances due to the ambient air.
  • the collimator C is inclined so that the image of its point source S is formed on the photodetection means D.
  • the analysis of the different images makes it possible to calculate the defocusing of the image plane, in particular the angle of tilt and, of course, to compensate for them.
  • the disadvantage of this method is that it is very heavy to set up, requires significant optical means and leads to high acquisition times that can be of the order of the hour.
  • the instrument comprises optical means making it possible, during the control and testing operations, to use optical means which are less important than a collimator and which also make it possible to carry out several measurements simultaneously, thereby eliminating all disturbances related to temporal instabilities.
  • optical means making it possible, during the control and testing operations, to use optical means which are less important than a collimator and which also make it possible to carry out several measurements simultaneously, thereby eliminating all disturbances related to temporal instabilities.
  • Another advantage is that it also becomes possible to perform the adjustment of an instrument in one step instead of the two traditional steps which are the adjustment of the optical elements of the telescope and the adjustment of the focal plane.
  • the subject of the invention is a telescope comprising at least one focusing optics and photodetection means arranged in its focal plane, characterized in that the photodetection means are photodetector arrays or arrays arranged so as to cover a determined segment of the focal plane, said strips or said photodetector matrices being disposed on either side of a central axis passing through a central point, the telescope comprises at least a first light source disposed in the vicinity of its focal plane arranged so that the self-collimated image of said first light source is formed on one of said arrays or one of said photodetector arrays, the source and its image being symmetrical with respect to the central point O.
  • the photodetection means are photodetector arrays or arrays arranged so as to cover a determined segment of the focal plane, said strips or said photodetector matrices being disposed on either side of a central axis passing through a central point
  • the telescope comprises at least a first light source
  • the telescope comprises at least a second light source disposed near the first source and arranged so that the self-adhesive image of said second light source is formed on the photodetection means.
  • the second source is symmetrical with the first source with respect to a point corresponding to the center of the telescope's image field.
  • the first source and / or the second source consist of two point elemental sources defocused by a predetermined distance.
  • the first source and / or the second source serve as positioning reference for the establishment of the arrays or matrices of photodetectors.
  • the light source (s) are integrated with the photodetection means.
  • the first source and / or the second source are connected to a single light source by means of optical fibers.
  • each end of optical fiber is directed towards the center of the pupil of the focusing optics, each end of optical fiber being mounted in a ball-and-socket system.
  • the optical fibers are monomode.
  • each end of optical fiber is equipped with a microlens.
  • the light source or sources are multispectral.
  • the photodetection means are instrumentation sensors in flight from the telescope and more particularly wavefront analyzers.
  • the invention also relates to a method of controlling an instrument comprising a telescope as defined above, characterized in that the control method comprises the following steps:
  • Step 1 Setting up a mirror (M) self-collimation plane at the entrance of the telescope;
  • Step 2 Simultaneous ignition of the light sources (L);
  • Step 3 Analysis of the signals received by the photodetection means
  • Step 4 Calculation of a correction to be applied to at least one of the elements of the telescope
  • Step 5 Mechanical adjustment of said one or more elements of the telescope according to said correction.
  • the self-collimation plane mirror is arranged to completely cover the pupil of the focusing optics or to partially cover the pupil of the focusing optics.
  • the self-collimation plane mirror is a reflective ring.
  • the self-collimation plane mirror is integrated with the focusing optics.
  • step 4 consists in calculating the position of the best focusing plane and in that step 5 consists in adjusting the position of the photodetection means so as to arrange them in said best plane.
  • step 4 consists in calculating the geometric aberrations in the field and in that step 5 consists in adjusting the position and the orientation of at least one of the mirrors of the telescope as a function of said aberrations.
  • the analysis of the received signals comprises a phase diversity treatment.
  • Figure 1 shows the control of a telescope according to the prior art
  • FIG. 2 represents a first arrangement of light sources in the focal plane of a telescope according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 represents the activation of one of the light sources and its image on the associated photodetector
  • FIG. 4 represents a second arrangement of light sources in the focal plane of a telescope according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5 represents the complete control bench of a telescope according to the invention
  • Figure 6 shows a possible arrangement of optical fibers used as light sources
  • FIG. 7 represents an example of mechanical device for angular positioning of the preceding optical fibers.
  • Figures 2, 3 and 4 show a view of the focal plane of a telescope according to the invention in a center mark (O, x, y). O is arranged in the center of the focal plane.
  • the photodetection means arranged in this focal plane are a succession of identical strips, each comprising a column or matrix of elementary photodetectors. The bars are arranged on either side of a central axis parallel to the y axis so as to perfectly cover the field of the telescope optics along this axis with overlapping areas at the end of bars. In Figures 2, 3 and 4, seven bars are shown. But this number is purely indicative.
  • the focal plane also comprises light sources LI represented by bold-line circles in FIGS. 2 to 4. These light sources may be autonomous point sources such as laser diodes. These light sources LI can also be fiber sources connected to a single source of light by means of optical fibers.
  • collimated image is meant an image reflecting on a mirror plane arranged in front of the telescope optics.
  • the ignition of a source L1 symbolized by concentric circles in FIG. 3 has the image L L by autocollimation.
  • the source L1 and the image read are symmetrical with respect to the central point O.
  • the required positioning accuracy of the light sources in the focal plane is of the order of +/- 10 microns and the precision in a perpendicular plane in the focal plane is of the order of +/- 20 microns.
  • the source L1 is symmetrical with the source L4 and the source L2 is symmetrical with the source L3.
  • the light sources can be arranged on only one side of the focal plane corresponding, for example, to negative X-coordinates in FIGS. 2 and 3 or the light sources can be arranged on both sides of the focal plane as can be seen on Figure 4 where the light sources L1, L2, L3 and L4 are disposed on one side of the y-axis and the light sources L5, L6 and 17 are disposed on the other side of the y-axis.
  • the first source and / or the second source consist of two point elemental sources defocused by a predetermined distance. These sources can also be fiberized.
  • the first source and / or the second source serve as positioning reference for the establishment of the arrays or matrices of photodetectors.
  • the required positioning accuracy is about 10 microns.
  • the light sources are integrated with the photodetection means. It is also possible to reduce their emission area by diaphragmming.
  • each end of optical fiber is directed towards the center of the pupil ⁇ 0 ⁇ of the focusing optics so as to obtain the same illumination for each light source.
  • each end of optical fiber L is mounted in a ball joint system comprising a base E and a ball R as seen in the sectional view of FIG. 7.
  • the required accuracy is about 1 degree.
  • the optical fibers used may be monomode so as to obtain a virtually punctual light source. An image spot is thus obtained which perfectly reproduces the quality of the focusing optics.
  • each end of optical fiber may be equipped with a microlens to change the opening of the light beams from the optical fiber.
  • a microlens to change the opening of the light beams from the optical fiber.
  • the light sources can emit in a more or less wide light spectrum depending on the chosen application and the spectral sensitivity characteristics of the photodetectors.
  • the control method comprises the following steps illustrated in FIG. 5.
  • the arrows in FIG. 5 indicate the path of the light rays coming from the source S:
  • Step 1 Setting up the telescope in front of a mirror M.
  • This mirror must be perfectly flat.
  • This plane mirror can cover all the entrance pupil of the focusing optics. However, for some applications, it is not necessary to cover the entire pupil to control the focusing optics. In this case, a mirror partially covering the pupil can be used.
  • This mirror may have an annular shape and be arranged around the secondary mirror of the focusing optics when this optic very classically comprises a first set comprising a large primary mirror and a secondary mirror;
  • Step 2 Simultaneous ignition of the light sources Ll.
  • the different bars of the photodetection means receive images Li 1 . Each image I L i is associated with a light source L1;
  • Step 3 Analysis by processing means A images received by the photodetection means.
  • image processing phase diversity processing can be used if two images are available that are offset from each other in the same field of the telescope. This is the case if each light source consists of two defocused elemental sources. This type of processing makes it possible to determine third and / or fifth order geometric aberrations;
  • Step 4 Calculation of a correction to be applied to at least one of the elements of the telescope. It is thus possible to calculate the position of the best focusing plane and / or the geometric aberrations in the field;
  • Step 5 Adjusting the position and orientation of at least one of the telescope mirrors according to said aberrations and / or photodetection means in the best focusing plane.
  • this adjustment can be performed on a test bench on the ground but also in space, in flight, preferably using an autocollimation mirror which covers only a part of the pupil of the focusing optics so as to reduce the constraints of space, weight and placement.
  • this device makes it possible to perform a complete adjustment of an instrument, that is to say the adjustment of the secondary mirror of the telescope according to the five degrees of freedom and the adjustment of the tilt of the focal plane in a single step.
  • the exploitation of the aberrations in the field such as coma, astigmatism and focusing allows the adjustment of the secondary mirror with respect to the primary mirror, the telescope image plane is then defined by the focal plane of the detector.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Telescopes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the general field of telescopes comprising a focusing lens (OT) and photodetection means (D) which are arranged in the focal plane thereof. The telescope according to the invention comprises a plurality of light sources (L) placed in the vicinity of the focal plane thereof, arranged such that the autocollimated image of each point light source is formed on the photodetection means. By means of said arrangement, it is possible to simultaneously control the aberrations at multiple points of the field of the telescope by means of a stationary planar mirror and to simplify the adjustment of the cameras. .

Description

Télescope comportant des moyens internes de réglage au plan focal  Telescope having internal adjustment means at the focal plane
Le domaine de l'invention est celui du réglage et du contrôle des télescopes et notamment celui des télescopes spatiaux. The field of the invention is that of the adjustment and control of telescopes and in particular that of space telescopes.
Pour obtenir une très haute résolution, les télescopes spatiaux sont des instruments de grand diamètre. Pour limiter la masse embarquée, la combinaison optique du télescope est très compacte et ses différents éléments optomécaniques sont réalisés dans des matériaux à faible densité. Elle devient alors très sensible aux perturbations extérieures, notamment aux effets thermo-élastiques et aux effets hydriques. To obtain a very high resolution, space telescopes are large diameter instruments. To limit the onboard weight, the optical combination of the telescope is very compact and its various optomechanical elements are made of low density materials. It becomes very sensitive to external disturbances, especially thermoelastic effects and water effects.
Le réglage du plan focal au foyer du télescope est réalisé au moyen d'un collimateur disposé devant le miroir primaire du télescope. La figure 1 représente de façon schématique le fonctionnement d'un tel banc de tests. Le collimateur comprend une source S et une optique de collimation Oc. Généralement, ce banc est disposé dans un caisson sous vide de façon à éliminer les perturbations dues à l'air ambiant. Pour réaliser l'exploration du champ du télescope T comprenant une optique Οτ et des moyens de photodétection D, on incline le collimateur C de façon que l'image de sa source ponctuelle S se forme sur les moyens de photodétection D. L'analyse des différentes images permet de calculer la défocalisation du plan image, en particulier l'angle de tilt et, bien entendu, de les compenser. L'inconvénient de cette méthode est qu'elle est très lourde à mettre en place, nécessite des moyens optiques importants et entraîne des temps d'acquisition élevés qui peuvent être de l'ordre de l'heure. The adjustment of the focal plane at the focus of the telescope is achieved by means of a collimator arranged in front of the primary mirror of the telescope. Figure 1 schematically shows the operation of such a test bench. The collimator comprises a source S and a collimation optic O c . Generally, this bench is placed in a vacuum chamber so as to eliminate the disturbances due to the ambient air. To carry out the exploration of the field of the telescope T comprising an optical Οτ and photodetection means D, the collimator C is inclined so that the image of its point source S is formed on the photodetection means D. The analysis of the different images makes it possible to calculate the defocusing of the image plane, in particular the angle of tilt and, of course, to compensate for them. The disadvantage of this method is that it is very heavy to set up, requires significant optical means and leads to high acquisition times that can be of the order of the hour.
Dans le télescope selon l'invention, l'instrument comporte des moyens optiques permettant, au cours des opérations de contrôle et de test, d'utiliser des moyens optiques moins importants qu'un collimateur et permettant également de réaliser plusieurs mesures simultanément, éliminant ainsi toutes les perturbations liées aux instabilités temporelles. De façon avantageuse, il devient possible de réaliser le réglage du plan focal sans caisson à vide. Un autre avantage est qu'il devient aussi possible de réaliser le réglage d'un instrument en une seule étape au lieu des deux étapes traditionnelles qui sont le réglage des éléments optiques du télescope puis le réglage du plan focal. In the telescope according to the invention, the instrument comprises optical means making it possible, during the control and testing operations, to use optical means which are less important than a collimator and which also make it possible to carry out several measurements simultaneously, thereby eliminating all disturbances related to temporal instabilities. Advantageously, it becomes possible to adjust the focal plane without vacuum box. Another advantage is that it also becomes possible to perform the adjustment of an instrument in one step instead of the two traditional steps which are the adjustment of the optical elements of the telescope and the adjustment of the focal plane.
Plus précisément, l'invention a pour objet un télescope comportant au moins une optique de focalisation et des moyens de photodétection disposés dans son plan focal, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de photodétection sont des barrettes ou des matrices de photodétecteurs agencées de façon à couvrir un segment déterminé du plan focal, lesdites barrettes ou lesdites matrices de photodétecteurs étant disposées de part et d'autre d'un axe central passant par un point central, le télescope comporte au moins une première source de lumière disposée au voisinage de son plan focal, agencée de façon que l'image autocollimatée de ladite première source de lumière se forme sur une desdites barrettes ou une desdites matrices de photodétecteurs, la source et son image étant symétriques par rapport au point central O. More specifically, the subject of the invention is a telescope comprising at least one focusing optics and photodetection means arranged in its focal plane, characterized in that the photodetection means are photodetector arrays or arrays arranged so as to cover a determined segment of the focal plane, said strips or said photodetector matrices being disposed on either side of a central axis passing through a central point, the telescope comprises at least a first light source disposed in the vicinity of its focal plane arranged so that the self-collimated image of said first light source is formed on one of said arrays or one of said photodetector arrays, the source and its image being symmetrical with respect to the central point O.
Avantageusement, le télescope comporte au moins une seconde source de lumière disposée à proximité de la première source et agencée de façon que l'image autocollimatée de ladite seconde source de lumière se forme sur les moyens de photodétection.  Advantageously, the telescope comprises at least a second light source disposed near the first source and arranged so that the self-adhesive image of said second light source is formed on the photodetection means.
Avantageusement, la seconde source est symétrique de la première source par rapport à un point correspondant au centre du champ image du télescope.  Advantageously, the second source is symmetrical with the first source with respect to a point corresponding to the center of the telescope's image field.
Avantageusement, la première source et/ou la seconde source sont constituées de deux sources élémentaires ponctuelles défocalisées d'une distance prédéterminée.  Advantageously, the first source and / or the second source consist of two point elemental sources defocused by a predetermined distance.
Avantageusement, la première source et/ou la seconde source servent de référence de positionnement pour la mise en place des barrettes ou des matrices de photodétecteurs.  Advantageously, the first source and / or the second source serve as positioning reference for the establishment of the arrays or matrices of photodetectors.
Avantageusement, la ou les sources de lumière sont intégrées aux moyens de photodétection.  Advantageously, the light source (s) are integrated with the photodetection means.
Avantageusement, la première source et/ou la seconde source sont reliées à une source de lumière unique au moyen de fibres optiques. Avantageusement, chaque extrémité de fibre optique est dirigée vers le centre de la pupille de l'optique de focalisation, chaque extrémité de fibre optique étant montée dans un système à rotule. Advantageously, the first source and / or the second source are connected to a single light source by means of optical fibers. Advantageously, each end of optical fiber is directed towards the center of the pupil of the focusing optics, each end of optical fiber being mounted in a ball-and-socket system.
Avantageusement, les fibres optiques sont monomodes. Avantageusement, chaque extrémité de fibre optique est équipée d'une microlentille.  Advantageously, the optical fibers are monomode. Advantageously, each end of optical fiber is equipped with a microlens.
Avantageusement, la ou les sources de lumière sont multispectrales.  Advantageously, the light source or sources are multispectral.
Avantageusement, les moyens de photodétection sont des capteurs d'instrumentation en vol du télescope et plus particulièrement des analyseurs de surface d'onde.  Advantageously, the photodetection means are instrumentation sensors in flight from the telescope and more particularly wavefront analyzers.
L'invention concerne également un procédé de contrôle d'un instrument comportant un télescope tel que défini précédemment, caractérisé en ce que le procédé de contrôle comporte les étapes suivantes :  The invention also relates to a method of controlling an instrument comprising a telescope as defined above, characterized in that the control method comprises the following steps:
Etape 1 : Mise en place d'un miroir (M) plan d'auto collimation à l'entrée du télescope ;  Step 1: Setting up a mirror (M) self-collimation plane at the entrance of the telescope;
Etape 2 : Allumage simultané des sources de lumière (L) ;  Step 2: Simultaneous ignition of the light sources (L);
Etape 3 : Analyse des signaux reçus par les moyens de photodétection ;  Step 3: Analysis of the signals received by the photodetection means;
Etape 4 : Calcul d'une correction à appliquer à au moins un des éléments du télescope ;  Step 4: Calculation of a correction to be applied to at least one of the elements of the telescope;
Etape 5 : Ajustement mécanique dudit ou desdits éléments du télescope en fonction de ladite correction.  Step 5: Mechanical adjustment of said one or more elements of the telescope according to said correction.
Avantageusement, le miroir plan d'auto collimation est agencé de façon à couvrir totalement la pupille de l'optique de focalisation ou à couvrir partiellement la pupille de l'optique de focalisation.  Advantageously, the self-collimation plane mirror is arranged to completely cover the pupil of the focusing optics or to partially cover the pupil of the focusing optics.
Avantageusement, le miroir plan d'auto collimation est un anneau réfléchissant.  Advantageously, the self-collimation plane mirror is a reflective ring.
Avantageusement, le miroir plan d'auto collimation est intégré à l'optique de focalisation.  Advantageously, the self-collimation plane mirror is integrated with the focusing optics.
Avantageusement, l'étape 4 consiste à calculer la position du meilleur plan de focalisation et en ce que l'étape 5 consiste à ajuster la position des moyens de photodétection de façon à les disposer dans ledit meilleur plan. Avantageusement, l'étape 4 consiste à calculer les aberrations géométriques dans le champ et en ce que l'étape 5 consiste à ajuster la position et l'orientation d'au moins un des miroirs du télescope en fonction desdites aberrations. Advantageously, step 4 consists in calculating the position of the best focusing plane and in that step 5 consists in adjusting the position of the photodetection means so as to arrange them in said best plane. Advantageously, step 4 consists in calculating the geometric aberrations in the field and in that step 5 consists in adjusting the position and the orientation of at least one of the mirrors of the telescope as a function of said aberrations.
Avantageusement, l'analyse des signaux reçus comporte un traitement par diversité de phase.  Advantageously, the analysis of the received signals comprises a phase diversity treatment.
L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres avantages apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui va suivre donnée à titre non limitatif et grâce aux figures annexées parmi lesquelles : The invention will be better understood and other advantages will become apparent on reading the description which follows given by way of non-limiting example and by virtue of the appended figures among which:
La figure 1 représente le contrôle d'un télescope selon l'art antérieur ;  Figure 1 shows the control of a telescope according to the prior art;
La figure 2 représente un premier agencement de sources de lumière dans le plan focal d'un télescope selon l'invention ;  FIG. 2 represents a first arrangement of light sources in the focal plane of a telescope according to the invention;
La figure 3 représente l'activation d'une des sources de lumière et son image sur le photodétecteur associé ;  FIG. 3 represents the activation of one of the light sources and its image on the associated photodetector;
La figure 4 représente un second agencement de sources de lumière dans le plan focal d'un télescope selon l'invention ;  FIG. 4 represents a second arrangement of light sources in the focal plane of a telescope according to the invention;
La figure 5 représente le banc de contrôle complet d'un télescope selon l'invention ;  FIG. 5 represents the complete control bench of a telescope according to the invention;
La figure 6 représente un agencement possible de fibres optiques utilisées comme sources de lumière ;  Figure 6 shows a possible arrangement of optical fibers used as light sources;
La figure 7 représente un exemple de dispositif mécanique de positionnement angulaire des fibres optiques précédentes.  FIG. 7 represents an example of mechanical device for angular positioning of the preceding optical fibers.
Les figures 2, 3 et 4 représentent une vue du plan focal d'un télescope selon l'invention dans un repère centré (O, x, y). O est disposé au centre du plan focal. A titre d'exemple, les moyens de photodétection disposés dans ce plan focal sont une succession de barrettes identiques, chacune comprenant une colonne ou une matrice de photodétecteurs élémentaires. Les barrettes sont disposées de part et d'autre d'un axe central parallèle à l'axe y de façon à parfaitement couvrir le champ de l'optique du télescope selon cet axe avec des zones de recouvrement en extrémité de barrettes. Sur les figures 2, 3 et 4, sept barrettes sont représentées. Mais ce nombre est purement indicatif. Le plan focal comporte également des sources de lumière LI représentées par des cercles en traits gras sur les figures 2 à 4. Ces sources de lumière peuvent être des sources ponctuelles autonomes comme des diodes laser. Ces sources de lumière LI peuvent également être des sources fibrées reliées à une source unique de lumière au moyen de fibres optiques. Figures 2, 3 and 4 show a view of the focal plane of a telescope according to the invention in a center mark (O, x, y). O is arranged in the center of the focal plane. By way of example, the photodetection means arranged in this focal plane are a succession of identical strips, each comprising a column or matrix of elementary photodetectors. The bars are arranged on either side of a central axis parallel to the y axis so as to perfectly cover the field of the telescope optics along this axis with overlapping areas at the end of bars. In Figures 2, 3 and 4, seven bars are shown. But this number is purely indicative. The focal plane also comprises light sources LI represented by bold-line circles in FIGS. 2 to 4. These light sources may be autonomous point sources such as laser diodes. These light sources LI can also be fiber sources connected to a single source of light by means of optical fibers.
Ces sources de lumière sont disposées de telle sorte que l'image autocollimatée de chaque source de lumière se forme sur une des barrettes des moyens de photodétection comme on le voit sur la figure 3. On entend par image autocollimatée une image se réfléchissant sur un miroir plan disposé devant l'optique du télescope.  These light sources are arranged in such a way that the self-collimated image of each light source is formed on one of the arrays of the photodetection means as can be seen in FIG. 3. By collimated image is meant an image reflecting on a mirror plane arranged in front of the telescope optics.
Ainsi, l'allumage d'une source L1 symbolisé par des cercles concentriques sur la figure 3 a comme image lLi par autocollimation. La source L1 et l'image lu sont symétriques par rapport au point central O. Généralement, la précision de positionnement requise des sources de lumière dans le plan focal est de l'ordre de +/- 10 microns et la précision dans un plan perpendiculaire au plan focal est de l'ordre de +/- 20 microns. Thus, the ignition of a source L1 symbolized by concentric circles in FIG. 3 has the image L L by autocollimation. The source L1 and the image read are symmetrical with respect to the central point O. Generally, the required positioning accuracy of the light sources in the focal plane is of the order of +/- 10 microns and the precision in a perpendicular plane in the focal plane is of the order of +/- 20 microns.
Il est avantageux de disposer les sources de lumière par paire symétrique de façon à pouvoir analyser deux points symétriques du champ du télescope. Ainsi, sur les différentes figures, la source L1 est symétrique de la source L4 et la source L2 est symétrique de la source L3.  It is advantageous to have the light sources in symmetrical pair so as to be able to analyze two symmetrical points of the telescope field. Thus, in the different figures, the source L1 is symmetrical with the source L4 and the source L2 is symmetrical with the source L3.
Les sources de lumière peuvent être disposées d'un seul côté du plan focal correspondant, par exemple, à des abscisses x négatives sur les figures 2 et 3 ou les sources de lumière peuvent être disposées des deux côtés du plan focal comme on le voit sur la figure 4 où les sources de lumière L1 , L2, L3 et L4 sont disposées d'un côté de l'axe y et les sources de lumière L5, L6 et 17 sont disposées de l'autre côté de l'axe y.  The light sources can be arranged on only one side of the focal plane corresponding, for example, to negative X-coordinates in FIGS. 2 and 3 or the light sources can be arranged on both sides of the focal plane as can be seen on Figure 4 where the light sources L1, L2, L3 and L4 are disposed on one side of the y-axis and the light sources L5, L6 and 17 are disposed on the other side of the y-axis.
Avantageusement, la première source et/ou la seconde source sont constituées de deux sources élémentaires ponctuelles défocalisées d'une distance prédéterminée. Ces sources peuvent également être fibrées.  Advantageously, the first source and / or the second source consist of two point elemental sources defocused by a predetermined distance. These sources can also be fiberized.
Avantageusement, la première source et/ou la seconde source servent de référence de positionnement pour la mise en place des barrettes ou des matrices de photodétecteurs. La précision de positionnement requise est d'environ 10 microns. Avantageusement, les sources de lumière sont intégrées aux moyens de photodétection. Il est également possible de réduire leur surface d'émission en les diaphragmant. Advantageously, the first source and / or the second source serve as positioning reference for the establishment of the arrays or matrices of photodetectors. The required positioning accuracy is about 10 microns. Advantageously, the light sources are integrated with the photodetection means. It is also possible to reduce their emission area by diaphragmming.
Avantageusement, comme on le voit sur la figure 6 qui représente une vue en coupe partielle du télescope dans un repère centré (O, y, z), chaque extrémité de fibre optique est dirigée vers le centre de la pupille Ρ0τ de l'optique de focalisation de façon à obtenir le même éclairage pour chaque source de lumière. Dans ce cas, chaque extrémité de fibre optique L est montée dans un système à rotule comportant une embase E et une rotule R comme on le voit sur la vue en coupe de la figure 7. La précision requise est d'environ 1 degré. Advantageously, as can be seen in FIG. 6, which represents a partial sectional view of the telescope in a centered coordinate system (O, y, z), each end of optical fiber is directed towards the center of the pupil Ρ 0 τ of the focusing optics so as to obtain the same illumination for each light source. In this case, each end of optical fiber L is mounted in a ball joint system comprising a base E and a ball R as seen in the sectional view of FIG. 7. The required accuracy is about 1 degree.
Les fibres optiques utilisées peuvent être monomodes de façon à obtenir une source de lumière quasiment ponctuelle. On obtient ainsi une tache image qui restitue parfaitement la qualité de l'optique de focalisation.  The optical fibers used may be monomode so as to obtain a virtually punctual light source. An image spot is thus obtained which perfectly reproduces the quality of the focusing optics.
Avantageusement, chaque extrémité de fibre optique peut être équipée d'une microlentille de façon à changer l'ouverture des faisceaux lumineux issus de la fibre optique. On peut ainsi parfaitement optimiser l'éclairement de la pupille.  Advantageously, each end of optical fiber may be equipped with a microlens to change the opening of the light beams from the optical fiber. We can perfectly optimize the illumination of the pupil.
Les sources de lumière peuvent émettre selon un spectre lumineux plus ou moins large selon l'application retenue et les caractéristiques de sensibilité spectrale des photodétecteurs.  The light sources can emit in a more or less wide light spectrum depending on the chosen application and the spectral sensitivity characteristics of the photodetectors.
Cet agencement des sources de lumière est utilisé pour caractériser le télescope. Le procédé de contrôle comporte les étapes suivantes illustrées en figure 5. Les flèches sur la figure 5 indiquent le parcours des rayons lumineux issus de la source S : This arrangement of the light sources is used to characterize the telescope. The control method comprises the following steps illustrated in FIG. 5. The arrows in FIG. 5 indicate the path of the light rays coming from the source S:
Etape 1 : Mise en place du télescope devant un miroir plan d'autocollimation M. Ce miroir doit être d'une planéité parfaite. Ce miroir plan peut couvrir toute la pupille d'entrée de l'optique de focalisation. Cependant, pour certaines applications, il n'est pas nécessaire de couvrir toute la pupille pour assurer le contrôle de l'optique de focalisation. Dans ce cas, on peut utiliser un miroir couvrant partiellement la pupille. Ce miroir peut avoir une forme annulaire et être disposé autour du miroir secondaire de l'optique de focalisation lorsque cette optique comporte très classiquement un premier ensemble comportant un grand miroir primaire et un miroir secondaire ; Etape 2 : Allumage simultané des sources de lumière Ll. Les différentes barrettes des moyens de photodétection reçoivent des images lLi. Chaque image lLi est associée à une source de lumière Ll ; Step 1: Setting up the telescope in front of a mirror M. This mirror must be perfectly flat. This plane mirror can cover all the entrance pupil of the focusing optics. However, for some applications, it is not necessary to cover the entire pupil to control the focusing optics. In this case, a mirror partially covering the pupil can be used. This mirror may have an annular shape and be arranged around the secondary mirror of the focusing optics when this optic very classically comprises a first set comprising a large primary mirror and a secondary mirror; Step 2: Simultaneous ignition of the light sources Ll. The different bars of the photodetection means receive images Li 1 . Each image I L i is associated with a light source L1;
Etape 3 : Analyse par des moyens de traitement A des images reçues par les moyens de photodétection. A titre d'exemple de traitement d'images, on peut utiliser un traitement par diversité de phase si l'on dispose de deux images décalées l'une par rapport à l'autre du même champ du télescope. C'est le cas si chaque source de lumière est constituée de deux sources élémentaires défocalisées. Ce type de traitement permet de déterminer les aberrations géométriques de troisième et/ou de cinquième ordre ;  Step 3: Analysis by processing means A images received by the photodetection means. As an example of image processing, phase diversity processing can be used if two images are available that are offset from each other in the same field of the telescope. This is the case if each light source consists of two defocused elemental sources. This type of processing makes it possible to determine third and / or fifth order geometric aberrations;
Etape 4 : Calcul d'une correction à appliquer à au moins un des éléments du télescope. On peut ainsi calculer la position du meilleur plan de focalisation et/ou les aberrations géométriques dans le champ ;  Step 4: Calculation of a correction to be applied to at least one of the elements of the telescope. It is thus possible to calculate the position of the best focusing plane and / or the geometric aberrations in the field;
Etape 5 : Ajustement de la position et l'orientation d'au moins un des miroirs du télescope en fonction desdites aberrations et/ou des moyens de photodétection dans le meilleur plan de focalisation.  Step 5: Adjusting the position and orientation of at least one of the telescope mirrors according to said aberrations and / or photodetection means in the best focusing plane.
Ainsi, grâce à cette disposition des sources de lumière dans le plan focal du télescope, il est possible de faire le contrôle ou le réglage d'un plan focal au foyer d'un télescope en une seule mesure avec des moyens simples sans collimateur, ce qui représente un gain de temps de mise en place et de mesure considérable. De plus, on évite les dérives dues à des temps de mesure trop importants. Enfin, ce réglage peut être effectué sur banc de test au sol mais également dans l'espace, en vol, en utilisant préférentiellement un miroir d'autocollimation qui ne couvre qu'une partie de la pupille de l'optique de focalisation de façon à diminuer les contraintes d'encombrement, de poids et de mise en place. Thus, thanks to this arrangement of the light sources in the focal plane of the telescope, it is possible to control or adjust a focal plane at the focus of a telescope in a single measurement with simple means without a collimator. which represents a saving of time of setting up and considerable measurement. In addition, drifts due to excessive measurement times are avoided. Finally, this adjustment can be performed on a test bench on the ground but also in space, in flight, preferably using an autocollimation mirror which covers only a part of the pupil of the focusing optics so as to reduce the constraints of space, weight and placement.
Par ailleurs, ce dispositif permet de réaliser un réglage complet d'un instrument, c'est-à-dire le réglage du miroir secondaire du télescope selon les cinq degrés de liberté et le réglage du tilt du plan focal en une seule étape. L'exploitation des aberrations dans le champ que sont la coma, l'astigmatisme et la focalisation permet le réglage du miroir secondaire par rapport au miroir primaire, le plan image télescope est alors défini par le plan focal du détecteur.  Moreover, this device makes it possible to perform a complete adjustment of an instrument, that is to say the adjustment of the secondary mirror of the telescope according to the five degrees of freedom and the adjustment of the tilt of the focal plane in a single step. The exploitation of the aberrations in the field such as coma, astigmatism and focusing allows the adjustment of the secondary mirror with respect to the primary mirror, the telescope image plane is then defined by the focal plane of the detector.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 . Télescope comportant au moins une optique de focalisation1. Telescope having at least one focusing optics
(0T) et des moyens de photodétection (D, B) disposés dans son plan focal, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de photodétection (D) sont des barrettes (B) ou des matrices de photodétecteurs agencées de façon à couvrir un segment déterminé du plan focal, lesdites barrettes (B) ou lesdites matrices de photodétecteurs étant disposées de part et d'autre d'un axe central passant par un point central (O), le télescope comporte au moins une première source de lumière (L, L , L2) disposée au voisinage de son plan focal, agencée de façon que l'image autocollimatée de ladite première source de lumière se forme sur une desdites barrettes ou une desdites matrices de photodétecteurs, la source (L1 ) et son image (lu) étant symétriques par rapport au point central O. (0 T ) and photodetection means (D, B) arranged in its focal plane, characterized in that the photodetection means (D) are strips (B) or photodetector arrays arranged to cover a determined segment of the focal plane, said strips (B) or said photodetector matrices being disposed on either side of a central axis passing through a central point (O), the telescope comprises at least one first light source (L, L , L2) disposed in the vicinity of its focal plane, arranged so that the self-collimated image of said first light source is formed on one of said strips or one of said photodetector arrays, the source (L1) and its image (lu) being symmetrical with respect to the central point O.
2. Télescope selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que le télescope comporte au moins une seconde source de lumière (L3, L4) disposée à proximité de la première source et agencée de façon que l'image autocollimatée de ladite seconde source de lumière se forme sur les moyens de photodétection. 2. Telescope according to claim 1, characterized in that the telescope comprises at least one second light source (L3, L4) arranged near the first source and arranged so that the self-adhesive image of said second light source is shape on the photodetection means.
3. Télescope selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la seconde source (L3, L4) est symétrique de la première source (L1 , L2) par rapport à un point (O) correspondant au centre du champ image du télescope. 3. Telescope according to claim 2, characterized in that the second source (L3, L4) is symmetrical with the first source (L1, L2) with respect to a point (O) corresponding to the center of the telescope image field.
4. Télescope selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la première source et/ou la seconde source sont constituées de deux sources élémentaires ponctuelles défocalisées d'une distance prédéterminée. 4. Telescope according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first source and / or the second source consist of two point elemental sources defocused by a predetermined distance.
5. Télescope selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la première source et/ou la seconde source servent de référence de positionnement pour la mise en place des barrettes ou des matrices de photodétecteurs. Telescope according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first source and / or the second source serves as positioning reference for the insertion of photodetector arrays or matrices.
6. Télescope selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la ou les sources de lumière sont intégrées aux moyens de photodétection. 6. Telescope according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the light source or sources are integrated with the photodetection means.
7. Télescope selon l'une des revendicationsl à 5, caractérisé en ce que la première source et/ou la seconde source sont reliées à une source de lumière unique au moyen de fibres optiques. 7. Telescope according to one of claims l to 5, characterized in that the first source and / or the second source are connected to a single light source by means of optical fibers.
8. Télescope selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que chaque extrémité de fibre optique est dirigée vers le centre de la pupille de l'optique de focalisation. 8. Telescope according to claim 7, characterized in that each optical fiber end is directed towards the center of the pupil of the focusing optics.
9. Télescope selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que chaque extrémité de fibre optique est montée dans un système à rotule. 9. Telescope according to claim 8, characterized in that each end of optical fiber is mounted in a ball system.
10. Télescope selon l'une des revendications 7 à 9, caractérisé en ce que les fibres optiques sont monomodes. 10. Telescope according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the optical fibers are single mode.
1 1 . Télescope selon l'une des revendications 7 à 10, caractérisé en ce que chaque extrémité de fibre optique est équipée d'une microlentille. 1 1. Telescope according to one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that each end of optical fiber is equipped with a microlens.
12. Télescope selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la ou les sources de lumière sont multispectrales. 12. Telescope according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the light source or sources are multispectral.
13. Télescope selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de photodétection sont des capteurs d'instrumentation en vol du télescope. 13. Telescope according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the photodetection means are instrumentation sensors in flight of the telescope.
14. Télescope selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que les capteurs d'instrumentation en vol du télescope sont des analyseurs de surface d'onde. Telescope according to claim 13, characterized in that the instrumentation sensors in flight of the telescope are wave surface analyzers.
15. Procédé de contrôle d'un instrument comportant un télescope selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le procédé de contrôle comporte les étapes suivantes : 15. A method of controlling an instrument comprising a telescope according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control method comprises the following steps:
Etape 1 : Mise en place d'un miroir (M) plan d'auto collimation à l'entrée du télescope ;  Step 1: Setting up a mirror (M) self-collimation plane at the entrance of the telescope;
Etape 2 : Allumage simultané des sources de lumière (L) ; Etape 3 : Analyse des signaux reçus par les moyens de photodétection ;  Step 2: Simultaneous ignition of the light sources (L); Step 3: Analysis of the signals received by the photodetection means;
Etape 4 : Calcul d'une correction à appliquer à au moins un des éléments du télescope ;  Step 4: Calculation of a correction to be applied to at least one of the elements of the telescope;
Etape 5 : Ajustement mécanique dudit ou desdits éléments du télescope en fonction de ladite correction.  Step 5: Mechanical adjustment of said one or more elements of the telescope according to said correction.
16. Procédé de contrôle d'un instrument selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que le miroir plan d'auto collimation est agencé de façon à couvrir totalement la pupille de l'optique de focalisation. 16. A method of controlling an instrument according to claim 15, characterized in that the self-collimation plane mirror is arranged to completely cover the pupil of the focusing optics.
17. Procédé de contrôle d'un instrument selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que le miroir plan d'auto collimation est agencé de façon à couvrir partiellement la pupille de l'optique de focalisation. 17. A method of controlling an instrument according to claim 15, characterized in that the self-collimation plane mirror is arranged to partially cover the pupil of the focusing optics.
18. Procédé de contrôle d'un instrument selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que le miroir plan d'auto collimation est un anneau réfléchissant. 18. The method of controlling an instrument according to claim 17, characterized in that the self-collimation plane mirror is a reflective ring.
19. Procédé de contrôle d'un instrument selon l'une des revendications 1 5 à 18, caractérisé en ce que le miroir plan d'auto collimation est intégré à l'optique de focalisation. 19. A method of controlling an instrument according to one of claims 1 5 to 18, characterized in that the self-collimation plane mirror is integrated with the focusing optics.
20. Procédé de contrôle d'un instrument selon l'une des revendications 15 à 19, caractérisé en ce que l'étape 4 consiste à calculer la position du meilleur plan de focalisation et en ce que l'étape 5 consiste à ajuster la position des moyens de photodétection de façon à les disposer dans ledit meilleur plan. 20. The method of controlling an instrument according to one of claims 15 to 19, characterized in that step 4 consists in calculating the position of the best focusing plane and in that step 5 consists in adjusting the position photodetection means so as to arrange them in said best plane.
21 . Procédé de contrôle d'un instrument selon l'une des revendications 15 à 20, caractérisé en ce que l'étape 4 consiste à calculer les aberrations géométriques dans le champ et en ce que l'étape 5 consiste à ajuster la position et l'orientation d'au moins un des miroirs du télescope en fonction desdites aberrations. 21. Method for controlling an instrument according to one of Claims 15 to 20, characterized in that step 4 consists in calculating the geometric aberrations in the field and in that step 5 consists in adjusting the position and the orienting at least one of the telescope mirrors according to said aberrations.
22. Procédé de contrôle d'un instrument selon les revendications 15 à 21 , caractérisé en ce que l'analyse des signaux reçus comporte un traitement par diversité de phase. 22. A method of controlling an instrument according to claims 15 to 21, characterized in that the analysis of the received signals comprises a phase diversity treatment.
PCT/EP2014/069901 2013-09-20 2014-09-18 Telescope comprising inner adjustment means in the focal plane WO2015040117A1 (en)

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CN113066021B (en) * 2021-03-15 2022-03-15 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 Image feature matching-based on-orbit aberration compensation method for space telescope

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EP2492659A1 (en) * 2011-02-24 2012-08-29 Thales Simplified test bench for telescopes and autotesting telescope
EP2755072A1 (en) * 2013-01-11 2014-07-16 Thales Device for optical control of an imaging system

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EP2492659A1 (en) * 2011-02-24 2012-08-29 Thales Simplified test bench for telescopes and autotesting telescope
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