WO2015039291A1 - Cellule photovoltaïque organique comprenant une couche interfaciale - Google Patents

Cellule photovoltaïque organique comprenant une couche interfaciale Download PDF

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WO2015039291A1
WO2015039291A1 PCT/CN2013/083716 CN2013083716W WO2015039291A1 WO 2015039291 A1 WO2015039291 A1 WO 2015039291A1 CN 2013083716 W CN2013083716 W CN 2013083716W WO 2015039291 A1 WO2015039291 A1 WO 2015039291A1
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photovoltaic cell
layer
group
electron
anode
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PCT/CN2013/083716
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English (en)
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Floryan Decampo
Bertrand Pavageau
Ashwin Rao
Ling Qi
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Rhodia Operations
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Publication of WO2015039291A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015039291A1/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
    • H10K30/80—Constructional details
    • H10K30/81—Electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
    • H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
    • H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of organic photovoltaic devices, notably to organic photovoltaic cells.
  • Organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells offer advantages over traditional inorganic photovoltaic cells, including fabrication on light-weight flexible substrates and use of lower cost spin-coating and printing processes. However, the power conversion efficiency of OPV cells needs to be increased.
  • a layer of an electron-donating organic material is in contact with a layer of an electron-accepting organic material, said layers being disposed between an anode and a cathode.
  • a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) cell an electron-donating organic material and an electron-accepting organic material are combined in solution and together spin- coated to form a phase-separated bi-continuous blend (also called active layer) on the anode, usually tin-doped indium oxide (ITO). Fabrication is completed by depositing a metal such as aluminum as the cell cathode.
  • the BHJ cell design allows the photogenerated excitons to reach the donor/acceptor interface to form holes and electrons before recombination.
  • BHJ architecture Despite the large improvement in efficiency achieved by the BHJ design, one major disadvantage of the BHJ architecture is the inherent disorder in the heterojunction. After the photogenerated excitons separate, charges travel a circuitous route within their respective material (holes in the donor network, electrons in the acceptor network), often in close proximity to the opposite charges, until collection at the electrodes or recombination occurs.
  • charge recombination at said active layer or at the electrode interfaces is also a problem that can affect device efficiency.
  • One reason for this is a poor surface energy match between the active layer, which is generally hydrophobic, and the inorganic electrodes, which are generally hydrophilic. If an acceptable ohmic contact is not made at the interface electrode/active layer, charges do not pass freely to the electrode, and device performance suffers. Even if contact is good initially, under heat and light, the active layer may lose cohesion with the electrode over time, compromising device durability. This problem is observed as well in bilayer OPV cells. Another loss at the electrode/active layer interface arises from the BHJ design having both the donor and acceptor in contact with both electrodes, allowing charges to flow in the wrong direction and causing charge leakage.
  • OPV cells with interfacial modifiers between the active layer and electrodes exhibit improved performance.
  • a thin layer of LiF may be deposited before the cathode and a thin layer of poly(3,4- ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) may be deposited on the anode to yield OPV cells of the following structure anode/PEDOT:PSS/donor:acceptor/LiF/cathode, exhibiting enhanced properties.
  • PEDOT:PSS interfacial layer remains problematic, due to its corrosiveness (pH ⁇ 1 ), its hygroscopic nature, and tendency to delaminate from the anode surface upon heat exposure, thereby impacting device reliability.
  • OPV cells its replacement by other molecules or materials is needed to increase the efficiency and reliability of OPV cells, particularly of BHJ OPV cells.
  • the present invention aims at providing novel organic photovoltaic cells with an interfacial layer disposed between the anode and the active layer.
  • the present invention aims at providing novel organic photovoltaic cell with an interfacial layer that does not exhibit the disvantadges of the PEDOT:PSS interfacial layer.
  • the present invention relates to an organic photovoltaic cell, comprising:
  • an active layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, said active layer comprising at least one electron-donating organic semiconductor and at least one electron-accepting organic semiconductor;
  • a layer A disposed between X and Y means that the layer A extends in the space existing between X and Y.
  • Said layer A may be, but not necessarily, in contact with the surface(s) of X and/or Y.
  • a layer B may be also disposed between X and A, and/or a layer C may be also disposed between A and Y.
  • the term “active layer” refers to an organic layer able to generate an electric current under illumination.
  • the photovoltaic effect is ensured by the joint application of two distinct organic compounds used in combination in the active layer, i.e. an electron-donating organic semiconductor (type P) and an electron-accepting organic semiconductor (type N).
  • an electron-donating organic semiconductor type P
  • an electron-accepting organic semiconductor type N
  • the thereby created exciton may be disassociated at the P/N interface and the excited electron created during irradiation may be conveyed by the electron-accepting organic semiconductor towards the cathode, the hole being conveyed towards the anode via the electron-donating organic semiconductor. Accumulation of the electrons at the cathode and of the holes at the anode generates an electric voltage at the origin of the electric current generated by the organic photovoltaic cell.
  • the term "interfacial layer” refers to a thin layer, existing between two solid phases, such as between the anode and the active layer, or between the active layer and the cathode.
  • the interfacial layer is in contact with the two solid phases disposed on both sides of said interfacial layer.
  • the thickness of the interfacial layer may be from 1 nm to 10 nm.
  • an "amphiphilic compound” refers to a molecule presenting a hydrophilic unit and a lipophilic unit, similarly to a surfactant.
  • a "phosphonic acid group” is a group of formula -P(0)(OH) 2 .
  • the amphiphilic compounds of the invention have a head (i.e. phosphonic acid) with specific affinity towards the anode, which is generally hydrophilic.
  • the rest of the amphiphilic compound, notably its lipophilic unit, may bring advantageous properties.
  • the amphiphilic compound of the interfacial layer is adsorbed onto the anode via its phosphonic acid group.
  • the interfacial layer is a one- or two-molecules-thick layer.
  • the interfacial layer consists in a monomolecular layer of an amphiphilic compound having at least one phosphonic acid group.
  • the amphiphilic compound of the invention when in contact with the anode, auto-assembles on the anode, by adsorption, to from a self assembled monolayer (SAM), which is defined as the spontaneous formation of complex structures from predefined blocks, like a surfactant. As indicated by the term “auto”, this reaction happens on its own. It is thus very low cost.
  • SAM self assembled monolayer
  • the chemical bonds between the amphiphilic compound and the surface of the anode are strong chemical bonds, but not necessarily covalent bonds. Indeed, this behaviour can take place by dipping simply the optionally cleaned anode into a fluid containing the to-be-adsorbed amphiphilic compounds.
  • the interfacial layer acts as a compatibilizing layer between the generally hydrophilic anode and the generally hydrophobic active layer, which improves the cohesion and the charge collection, as detailed below.
  • a better interlayer stability can also be obtained thanks to a good adhesion of the amphiphilic compounds on the anode (which is generally inorganic and/or hydrophilic) by their phosphonic acid head group, as well as on organic active layer (which is generally hydrophobic) by their lipophilic unit.
  • amphiphilic compounds of the invention allow the surface modification of the anode at molecular scale in a simple manner, which leads to a better interlayer cohesion and even the match of electrode working functions.
  • the charges generated upon illumination meet the electrodes only in case that the working functions of the electrodes are near the energy level of the charge transporters.
  • one tenth of an eV may play an important role in the charge collection.
  • the interfacial layer of the invention which may, when the anode comprises ITO, adapt its working function and thus optimize the hole-collection.
  • the interfacial layer of the invention is not acidic, more easily processible and has lower cost.
  • the anode of the organic photovoltaic cell comprises an inorganic material.
  • the surface of anode which is intended to be in contact with the interfacial layer is hydrophilic.
  • the anode of the organic photovoltaic cell of the invention comprises indium tin oxide (ITO).
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • the anode is deposited on a transparent substrate, such as on a glass substrate or on a transparent flexible polymer substrate.
  • the cathode of the organic photovoltaic cell comprises a metal selected from the group consisting of: aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), silver (Ag), tungsten (W) and gold (Au).
  • the cathode is in aluminum.
  • the organic photovoltaic cell of the invention is a bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaic cell.
  • the active layer comprises a bi-continuous blend of at least one electron-donating organic semiconductor and at least one electron-accepting organic semiconductor.
  • said bi-continuous blend consists of at least one electron-donating organic semiconductor and at least one electron-accepting organic semiconductor.
  • the term "bi-continuous blend” refers to a mixture, obtained by the deposition of a thoroughly mixed solution of the electron-donating organic semiconductor and electron-accepting organic semiconductor in a solvent, followed by the drying of said solvent, and optionally followed by a thermal annealing. A method for preparing a BHJ OPV cell according to the invention is further described.
  • Figure 1 is the schematic representation of a BHJ OPV cell according to the invention.
  • the cell 10 of Figure 1 comprises a transparent substrate 16, an anode 1 1 , an interfacial layer 14, an active layer 13 comprising a bi-continuous blend of at least one electron-donating organic semiconductor and at least one electron-accepting organic semiconductor, and a cathode 12.
  • the cell 10 may further comprise a thin layer of lithium fluoride (LiF) disposed between the active layer 13 and the cathode 12, said LiF thin layer acting as an electron-transporting layer.
  • LiF lithium fluoride
  • the organic photovoltaic cell of the invention is a bilayer organic photovoltaic cell.
  • the active layer comprises:
  • the active layer according to this embodiment is thus a bilayer, wherein the electron-donating organic semiconductor and the electron-accepting organic semiconductor are not mixed together.
  • the first layer consists of at least one electron-donating organic semiconductor.
  • the second layer consists of at least one electron-accepting organic semiconductor.
  • the active layer consists of said first layer and said second layer, which are stacked on top of each other.
  • a method for preparing a bilayer OPV cell according to the invention is further described.
  • a bilayer OPV cell according to the invention is presented in Figure 2.
  • Figure 2 is the schematic representation of a bilayer OPV cell according to the invention.
  • the cell 20 of Figure 2 comprises a transparent substrate 16, an anode 1 1 , an interfacial layer 14, an active layer 23 comprising a first layer 24 comprising at least one electron-donating organic semiconductor and a second layer 25 comprising at least one electron-accepting organic semiconductor stacked on said first layer 24, and a cathode 12.
  • the cell 20 may further comprise a thin layer of lithium fluoride (LiF) disposed between the second layer 25 of the active layer 23 and the cathode 12, said LiF thin layer acting as an electron-transporting layer.
  • LiF lithium fluoride
  • amphiphilic compound is of formula (I):
  • Ri is a Ci-C 6 alkyl group
  • R 2 is a hydrogen atom or a Ci-C 6 alkyl group
  • R 3 is a Ci-C 6 alkyl group
  • alkyl means a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group which may be straight or branched having 1 to 24 carbon atoms in the chain, preferably 1 to 12, advantageously 1 to 6.
  • Branched means that one or more C C 4 alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl are attached to a linear alkyl chain.
  • alkyl groups may be substituted with one or more "alkyl group substituents" which may be the same or different, and include for instance halo, C 3 -C 8 cycloalkyi, C-
  • aryl refers to an aromatic monocyclic or bicyclic hydrocarbon ring system, wherein any ring atom capable of substitution may be substituted by a substituent.
  • A may represent an optionally substituted C 6 -Ci 0 aryl group, i.e. a monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic carbocycle.
  • a bicyclic aryl group one ring is an aromatic carbocycle, the other being an aromatic, saturated or partially saturated carbocycle.
  • aryl moieties include phenyl, naphthyl, and tetrahydro-1 ,2,3,4-naphthyl.
  • heteroaryl refers to an aromatic monocyclic or bicyclic ring system having 1-4 heteroatoms, said heteroatoms being selected from O, N, or S, wherein any ring atom capable of substitution may be substituted by a substituent.
  • A may represent an optionally substituted C 1 -C 1 0 heteroaryl group, preferably in d- C 5 , comprising at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of: S, N and O, i.e. a monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic heterocycle.
  • a bicyclic heteroaryl group one ring contains a heteroatom, the other being a carbocycle or a heterocycle.
  • at least one ring is aromatic, the other being aromatic, saturated or partially saturated.
  • heteroaryl moieties include aromatic heterocycles such as furan, pyridine or thiophene; aromatic bicycles comprising an aromatic carbocycle and an aromatic heterocycle such as benzofuran or benzopyridine; partially aromatic bicycles comprising an aromatic carbocycle and a heterocycle such as methylenedioxybenzene; aromatic bicycles comprising two aromatic heterocycles such as 1 ,8-naphthylpyridine; and partially aromatic bicycles comprising a carbocycle and an aromatic heterocycle such as 5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline.
  • A is an optionally substituted heteroaryl group, it is preferably in Ci-C 5 , more preferably in C 4 -C 5 .
  • substituents of optionally substituted A are preferably selected from the group consisting of:
  • R a and Rp which may be identical or different, are a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched alkyl radical containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms;
  • R Y is an alkyl group containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an aryl group.
  • A is a substituted C 6 -Ci 0 aryl group or a substituted C1-C10 heteroaryl group
  • preferred substituents are selected from Ci-Ci 8 alkyl groups and Ci-Ci 8 alkoxy groups.
  • alkoxy refers to an -O-alkyl group.
  • halogen refers to the atoms of the group 17 of the periodic table and includes in particular fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine atom.
  • R-i is a methyl group.
  • R 2 is a hydrogen atom.
  • R 3 is a methyl group.
  • R 4 is a methyl group and A is an optionally substituted phenyl group or an optionally substituted C1-C5 heteroaryl group comprising one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of: S, N and O.
  • A is an optionally substituted phenyl group or an optionally substituted C1-C5 heteroaryl group comprising one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of: S, N and O.
  • A is a phenyl group, or a Ci-C 5 heteroaryl group comprising at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of: S, N and O; A being optionally substituted by at least one substituent, for example two substituents, said substituent(s) being selected from the group consisting of: CrC 18 alkyl groups, CrC 18 alkoxy groups, and halogen atoms.
  • Formula (1-1 ) corresponds to formula (I) as defined above, wherein R 1 ; R 3 and R 4 are methyl groups, R 2 is a hydrogen atom, and A is as above defined.
  • the substituents of A are selected from the group consisting of: CrC 6 alkyl groups and CrC 6 alkoxy groups.
  • A is a phenyl group substituted by one or two Ci-C 6 alkoxy group(s), preferably by one or two methoxy group(s).
  • A is a CrC 5 heteroaryl group comprising one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of: S, N and O, optionally substituted by Ci-Ci 8 alkyl groups or Ci-Ci 8 alkoxy groups.
  • the amphiphilic compound is of formula (II):
  • R 5 is a C1-C24 alkyl group, optionally substituted by a Ci-C 6 alkyl group or a C 6 -Cio aryl group,
  • i is an integer from 1 to 6
  • - j is an integer from 1 to 6.
  • i is an integer from 1 to 3, preferably 2.
  • j is an integer from 1 to 3, preferably 2.
  • R 5 is linear or branched C 6 -Ci 8 alkyl advantageously a linear or branched C12 alkyl group.
  • amphiphilic compound may be chosen from the following compounds:
  • the electron-donating organic semiconductor is selected from the group consisting of: poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), MDMO-PPV, poly(2,7-(9-(2'-ethylhexyl)-9-hexyl-fluorene)-alt-5,5-(4',7'-di-2-thienyl-2',l',3'- benzothiadiazole)) (PFDTBT), poly(2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta(2,l-b;3,4- 6')dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,l,3-benzothiadiazole)) (PCPDTBT), and poly(p-phenylene- ethynylene)-alt-poly(p-phenylene-vinylene) (PPE-PPV).
  • P3HT poly(3-hexylthiophene)
  • MDMO-PPV
  • the electron-donating organic semiconductor is P3HT.
  • the electron-accepting organic semiconductor is selected from the group consisting of fullerene derivatives, such as PCBM and C 6 o-C 70 based derivatives.
  • the electron-accepting organic semiconductor is PCBM.
  • the active layer comprises P3HT and PCBM.
  • the active layer consists of P3HT and PCBM.
  • the ratio of electron-accepting organic semiconductor(s) and electron- donating organic semiconductor(s) in the active layer is about 1 :1 by weight.
  • the thickness of the active layer may be from 10 nm to 500 nm, preferably from 70 nm to 200 nm.
  • the present invention also relates to an organic photovoltaic device that includes one or more organic photovoltaic cell(s) as disclosed above.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for preparing an organic photovoltaic cell as defined above, comprising the steps of:
  • step a) depositing on an anode an interfacial layer comprising at least one amphiphilic compound having at least one phosphonic acid group, b) depositing at least one electron-donating organic semiconductor and at least one electron-accepting organic semiconductor on the interfacial layer formed in step a), in order to obtain an active layer, and
  • step a) comprises the dipping of the anode into a solution of the amphiphilic compound in a solvent, preferably of concentration below the CMC (Critical Micellar Concentration, which may be measured according to the pendant drop method (Langmuir 1998, 14 (23), 6632-6638)) of the amphiphilic compound, followed by a step of drying.
  • CMC Cosmetic Micellar Concentration
  • Said solvent may be a protic solvent with strong polarity such as water or ethanol, or may be an aprotic solvent with strong polarity such as acetonitrile.
  • the anode Prior to step a), the anode is preferably previously cleaned, for example in an ultrasonic bath of an organic solvent, followed by a treatment with oxygen plasma.
  • Such pre-cleaning step makes the anode more hydrophilic, which helps adhesion of the amphiphilic compounds.
  • step b) typically comprises the spin-coating of a layer of a composition comprising at least one electron-donating organic semiconductor and at least one electron-accepting organic semiconductor in a solvent, preferably in o-dichlorobenzene, optionally followed by a thermal annealing.
  • step b) typically comprises the deposition on the anode of a first layer of at least one electron- donating organic semiconductor, followed by the deposition on said first layer of a second layer of at least one electron-accepting organic semiconductor.
  • Each deposition step may be followed by a thermal annealing.
  • an interfacial layer (preferably of LiF) may be deposited on the active layer.
  • the present invention also relates to one of the following compounds:
  • These compounds have amphiphilic and self-assembly properties, notably useful for preparing an interfacial layer between two materials, such as between an electrode and a coating deposited on said electrode.
  • These compounds are also useful for forming a hole-transporting layer on an anode of an organic semi-conductor device.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of an amphiphilic compound of formula (I), (1-1 ), (I-2) or (II) as defined above for preparing an organic semi-conductor device, such as an organic photovoltaic (OPV) cell, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), and an organic field effect transistor (OFET), inter aliae.
  • an organic semi-conductor device such as an organic photovoltaic (OPV) cell, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), and an organic field effect transistor (OFET), inter aliae.
  • amphiphilic compounds of formula (I), (1-1 ), (I-2) or (II) are used for preparing an interfacial layer on an electrode (typically an anode) of said devices, said interfacial layer acting advantageously as a hole-transporting layer.
  • an electrode typically an anode
  • II amphiphilic compounds
  • ITO substrates were cleaned in ultrasonic baths of acetone, ethanol and boiling isopropanol consequently during 10 minutes each, then dried with compressed air, and treated with oxygen plasma during one minute.
  • Solutions S1 to S7 of amphiphilic compounds 1 to 7 were prepared in 7 different vials with diionized (Dl) water at 3x10 "4 mol/L under strong agitation during one day.
  • Dl diionized
  • Each pre-cleaned ITO substrate was put vertically in each vial containing 5ml_ of different solution during 3h. Each substrate was then rinsed separately with Dl water and dried with compressed air. Once dried, drops of water were deposited on the substrates with a jet-printer (Nano-plotter, Genzyme) and the contact angles were measured.
  • the Nano-plotter is a robot which can deposit 3 identical drops of water on each substrate at certain space interval, which will allow having a good statistics and reproducibility.
  • the reference is an ITO substrate dipped into Dl water after the cleaning step.
  • the increase of contact angle shows the modification of surface provoked by the adsorption of the amphiphilic compounds 1 to 7 onto the ITO surface.
  • the hydrophilic head (-P(0)(OH) 2 ) of the amphiphilic compounds 1 to 7 is adsorbed onto the hydrophilic surface of ITO, while the hydrophobic part of the amphiphilic compounds 1 to 7 is thus available in surface of the ITO pre-treated surface.
  • the adsorption of the amphiphilic compounds makes the ITO surface hydrophobic.
  • the pre-treated ITO substrates were tested under BHJ cell configuration.
  • a solution of P3HT:PCBM (ratio 1/1 ) at 20mg/ml_ was prepared in o-dichlorobenzene and agitated at 80°C during 10 minutes before 50°C during 12 hours. It was then used by spin-coating to generate an active layer of around 200 nm. Aluminum was then deposited via thermal evaporation. At the end of the cell fabrication under protective atmosphere, each device was encapsulated so as to be tested outside of the glove box under standard illumination (AM 1.5 at 100 mW/cm 2 ).
  • J sc The short circuit current (J sc ) of such OPV cells was measured and presented in Table 2, as a function of the amphiphilic compound adsorbed on the ITO substrate.
  • the reference is an OPV cell without any interfacial layer between the anode and the active layer of P3HT:PCBM.
  • amphiphilic compounds of the invention favour the working function adjustment at the ITO side and are useful for the hole transportation.
  • the highest photocurrents are generated with the OPV cells incorporating an interfacial layer of amphiphilic compound 1 and 3.
  • the open circuit voltage (V oc ) of such OPV cells was measured and presented in Table 3, as a function of the amphiphilic compound adsorbed on the ITO substrate.
  • the reference is an OPV cell without any interfacial layer between the anode and the active layer of P3HT:PCBM.
  • the highest open circuit voltages are generated with the OPV cells incorporating an interfacial layer of amphiphilic compound 1 , 3 and 6.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne une cellule photovoltaïque organique (10 ; 20) comprenant : - une anode (11) ; - une cathode (12) ; - une couche active (13 ; 23) disposée entre l'anode (11) et la cathode (12), ladite couche active (13 ; 23) comprenant au moins un semiconducteur organique donneur d'électrons et au moins un semiconducteur organique receveur d'électrons; et - une couche interfaciale (14) disposée entre l'anode (11) et la couche active (13 ; 23), ladite couche interfaciale (14) comprenant au moins un composé amphiphile qui possède au moins un groupe acide phosphonique.
PCT/CN2013/083716 2013-09-18 2013-09-18 Cellule photovoltaïque organique comprenant une couche interfaciale WO2015039291A1 (fr)

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CN107163078A (zh) * 2017-04-18 2017-09-15 清华大学 有机膦酸类化合物的应用和钙钛矿太阳能电池薄膜及其制备方法

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CN107123736A (zh) * 2017-04-18 2017-09-01 广州光鼎科技有限公司 有机膦酸类化合物的应用和掺铷钙钛矿太阳能电池薄膜及其制备方法
CN107163078A (zh) * 2017-04-18 2017-09-15 清华大学 有机膦酸类化合物的应用和钙钛矿太阳能电池薄膜及其制备方法
CN107163078B (zh) * 2017-04-18 2019-09-17 清华大学 有机膦酸类化合物的应用和钙钛矿太阳能电池薄膜及其制备方法

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