WO2015037055A1 - 蛍光画像取得装置 - Google Patents
蛍光画像取得装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015037055A1 WO2015037055A1 PCT/JP2013/074380 JP2013074380W WO2015037055A1 WO 2015037055 A1 WO2015037055 A1 WO 2015037055A1 JP 2013074380 W JP2013074380 W JP 2013074380W WO 2015037055 A1 WO2015037055 A1 WO 2015037055A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
- A61B5/0071—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence by measuring fluorescence emission
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0033—Features or image-related aspects of imaging apparatus classified in A61B5/00, e.g. for MRI, optical tomography or impedance tomography apparatus; arrangements of imaging apparatus in a room
- A61B5/004—Features or image-related aspects of imaging apparatus classified in A61B5/00, e.g. for MRI, optical tomography or impedance tomography apparatus; arrangements of imaging apparatus in a room adapted for image acquisition of a particular organ or body part
- A61B5/0042—Features or image-related aspects of imaging apparatus classified in A61B5/00, e.g. for MRI, optical tomography or impedance tomography apparatus; arrangements of imaging apparatus in a room adapted for image acquisition of a particular organ or body part for the brain
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
- A61B5/0073—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence by tomography, i.e. reconstruction of 3D images from 2D projections
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
- A61B5/7242—Details of waveform analysis using integration
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/74—Details of notification to user or communication with user or patient ; user input means
- A61B5/742—Details of notification to user or communication with user or patient ; user input means using visual displays
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/74—Details of notification to user or communication with user or patient ; user input means
- A61B5/7475—User input or interface means, e.g. keyboard, pointing device, joystick
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
- G01N21/6456—Spatial resolved fluorescence measurements; Imaging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6486—Measuring fluorescence of biological material, e.g. DNA, RNA, cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus and method for acquiring a fluorescent substance in a sample as an image, for example, an apparatus and method for acquiring an in-vivo fluorescent image for a biological sample such as a small animal.
- Fluorescence image acquisition devices are roughly divided into two systems.
- One is (A) a scanning fluorescent image acquisition device.
- a fluorescent image is obtained by irradiating a sufficiently condensed excitation light from one point of the sample to be observed to excite the fluorescent substance present in the sample and receiving the fluorescence generated from the fluorescent substance. To get.
- a fluorescent image of the entire sample is obtained by scanning so that the irradiation point extends over the entire sample (see Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- a characteristic of the scanning fluorescent image acquisition device is that an observation region can be specified. For example, when it is desired to observe the brain of a biological sample, if only the brain region is set as a scanning point, background fluorescence from other than the brain can be removed, and a sufficient dynamic range can be obtained. However, such background fluorescence may have important information in in vivo observation. For example, when drug metabolism is evaluated, if drugs accumulate outside the target area, there is a risk that it may affect the side effects of the drugs. For this reason, first, it is necessary to scan the entire living body, but in the scanning apparatus, it takes an enormous amount of time to scan the entire observation object.
- the other is (B) all-irradiation type fluorescence acquisition device.
- this apparatus a wide area fluorescence image is obtained at a time by simultaneously irradiating a wide area of a sample with excitation light (see Patent Document 3).
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Document 3
- a feature of the all-irradiation type fluorescence acquisition apparatus is that a fluorescence image of the entire observation target, which was a scanning type defect, can be acquired in a short time.
- a fluorescent image can be obtained in a short time in a method of use aimed at drug screening using a mouse or monitoring during surgery.
- a sufficient dynamic range may not be obtained due to the influence of background fluorescence.
- weak fluorescence in the target region may not be detected due to accumulation other than the target object (particularly liver accumulation).
- ICG Indo Cyanine Green
- the scanning type can ensure a wide dynamic range, but the observation time is extremely long.
- the all-irradiation type can observe for a short time and continuous time, but the dynamic range is narrow and relative There is a problem that weak fluorescence cannot be detected.
- the present invention is not limited to acquiring a fluorescent image of a living body, but includes acquiring a fluorescent image for a sample other than a living body, and efficiently acquiring an image of a fluorescent substance in the entire observation target with a wide dynamic range. Objective.
- the fluorescence image acquisition device of the present invention is configured to irradiate the sample with excitation light
- the sample table and the sample placed on the sample table are separated from the sample by a beam of excitation light that spreads from the position.
- An excitation light source that irradiates and excites a fluorescent substance in the sample to generate fluorescence
- an imaging unit including a two-dimensional detector that detects fluorescence from the sample, and an image based on the fluorescence image acquired by the imaging unit is displayed.
- a display device a display device.
- the fluorescence image acquisition device of the present invention is further arranged between a sample and the two-dimensional detector, and a blocking mechanism for blocking a part of the fluorescence from the sample from entering the two-dimensional detector,
- a blocking control unit that controls the blocking mechanism so as to substantially block the strongest fluorescence from the sample from being incident on the two-dimensional detector at the time of imaging by the imaging unit;
- an image integration unit that performs calculation processing so that at least two fluorescent images including at least one fluorescent image obtained by the imaging unit in a partially blocked state are integrated into one image.
- the display device is configured to display an integrated image obtained by the image integration unit.
- substantially blocking when the blocking control unit substantially blocks the strongest fluorescence incident on the two-dimensional detector means that the next strongest fluorescence can be detected after the strongest fluorescence. This means that the strongest fluorescence is blocked.
- substantially blocking the example described later with reference to FIG. 7 is the strongest in order to increase the dynamic range of a region other than the blocking portion by a factor of 5 to enable detection of weak fluorescence.
- the intensity of the fluorescence is attenuated to about 1/5. Attenuation to about 1/5 of that corresponds to substantially blocking.
- the attenuation factor is not particularly limited, and may be larger or smaller than 1/5. Of course, the case of 100% blocking is also included.
- the fluorescent image acquisition method of the present invention includes the following steps (A) to (D).
- step (B) In a state where the fluorescence from the portion emitting the strongest fluorescence at the time of detecting the fluorescence by the two-dimensional detector is substantially blocked from entering the two-dimensional detector, the step (A) And at least one step of irradiating the sample with excitation light and obtaining a fluorescence image by the two-dimensional detector,
- step (C) integrating at least two fluorescent images composed of the fluorescent image obtained in step (A) and at least one fluorescent image obtained in step (B) into one image;
- step (D) A step of displaying the image integrated in step (C).
- step (A) a fluorescence image of the entire observation target of the sample is acquired.
- the entire observation object may be the entire sample or a part of the sample.
- the fluorescence from the fluorescent substance in the sample is detected depending on the dynamic range of the two-dimensional detector.
- the strongest fluorescence from the sample is substantially blocked by operating a blocking mechanism that physically blocks the fluorescence based on the positional information of the fluorescent substance inside the sample.
- the position information of the fluorescent substance inside the sample can be obtained, for example, by a calculation processing unit that obtains biological internal information from a fluorescent image, or based on the inputted sample internal information.
- the excitation light may be blocked so that the fluorescent material that generates the strongest fluorescence is not irradiated with the excitation light, or the fluorescent material that generates the strongest fluorescence is irradiated with the excitation light. Even if fluorescence is generated, the fluorescence may be blocked so that the fluorescence does not enter the two-dimensional detector.
- a fluorescence image is acquired in the state which blocked
- the fluorescence from the fluorescent substance with the next strongest fluorescence intensity is detected.
- This detection is performed with increased sensitivity by a method such as increasing the exposure time of the two-dimensional detector as compared with the imaging condition in step (A).
- step (B) as necessary.
- the fluorescence detected in step (A) is already substantially blocked, so that the fluorescence detected in the first step (B) is in the second step (B).
- the detection in the second step (B) is performed with increased sensitivity by a method such as increasing the exposure time of the two-dimensional detector as compared with the imaging conditions in the first step (B). The same applies when performing step (B) for the third time or more.
- step (A) and step (B) are repeated at most about 2 to 5 times, it takes a shorter time than imaging the entire area by the scanning type, and is a remarkably efficient process.
- the present invention integrates at least two fluorescence images including a fluorescence image obtained by the imaging unit in a state where the strongest fluorescence from the sample at the time of imaging is substantially blocked from entering the two-dimensional detector into one image.
- the fluorescence of the entire observation target can be detected in a wide dynamic range compared to the all irradiation type, and the fluorescence of the entire observation target can be detected in a short time compared to the scanning type, so that the efficiency is improved.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure explaining the method of determining the range blocked by the blocking mechanism
- (A) is a sectional view showing the fluorescent substance and fluorescence installed in the living body
- (B) is the fluorescence intensity detected on the surface of the biological sample It is a figure which shows a profile. It is a figure which shows the profile of the fluorescence intensity which normalized the profile of FIG. 6 (B) so that the fluorescence intensity at a distance of 20 mm becomes 1.
- FIG. It is a flowchart which shows an example of operation
- FIG. 10 It is a figure which shows the fluorescence detection of the observation whole area
- (A) is a figure which shows the phantom and the fluorescent substance containing tube embedded in it
- (B) is an image which shows the fluorescence image of the whole observation object. It is the longitudinal cross-sectional view (left) and the cross-sectional view (right) which show the fluorescence image reconfigure
- (A) is a perspective view which shows the blocking mechanism which covers the phantom and its part
- (B) shows the detected fluorescence image. It is an image.
- the excitation light source 14 includes an excitation light source that emits fluorescence by irradiating the sample 12 placed on the sample stage 10 from a position away from the sample 12 with excitation light 16 of a luminous flux that spreads to excite the fluorescent substance in the sample 12. ing.
- an LD laser diode
- LED light emitting diode
- the excitation light source 14 it is preferable to use an excitation-side interference filter that removes light having a fluorescence wavelength to be detected in combination with the excitation light source.
- the excitation light source 14 further includes a three-dimensional distribution calculation processing unit as a preferred embodiment, three-dimensional surface shape data used in the forward problem analysis process and the inverse problem analysis process is obtained from the captured appearance image.
- a three-dimensional distribution calculation processing unit as a preferred embodiment, three-dimensional surface shape data used in the forward problem analysis process and the inverse problem analysis process is obtained from the captured appearance image.
- an illumination light source such as a white LED for illuminating the sample and capturing an appearance image of the sample is also provided.
- the imaging unit 18 includes a two-dimensional detector 20 that detects fluorescence from the sample 12.
- the two-dimensional detector 20 is, for example, a CCD (charge coupled device).
- the imaging unit 18 removes the excitation light component to prevent the excitation light component from entering the two-dimensional detector 20 and an optical system such as a condenser lens for guiding the fluorescence from the sample 12 to the two-dimensional detector 20.
- a fluorescence side interference filter that transmits the fluorescence to be detected is also included.
- a blocking mechanism 22 is provided to block the fluorescence from a predetermined portion of the sample 12 from entering the two-dimensional detector 20.
- the shut-off mechanism 22 it is preferable to include a mechanism that automatically operates by electrical control from the shut-off control unit 24.
- the blocking control unit 24 controls the blocking mechanism 22 so that the blocking mechanism 22 substantially blocks the strongest fluorescence from the sample 12 from entering the two-dimensional detector 20 at the time of imaging.
- the image integration unit 26 performs calculation processing so that at least two fluorescence images including the fluorescence image obtained by the imaging unit 18 in a state where a part of the sample 12 is blocked by the blocking mechanism 22 are integrated into one image.
- the display device 28 displays the integrated image obtained by the image integration unit 26.
- the display device 28 is not particularly limited, but is a liquid crystal display device, for example.
- the display device 28 is preferably configured to display the integrated image in different colors for each intensity range.
- the blocking control unit 24 controls the blocking mechanism 22 so as to substantially block the strongest fluorescence from the sample 12 at the time of imaging from entering the two-dimensional detector 20 based on the sample internal information.
- a three-dimensional distribution calculation processing unit 30 for obtaining the sample internal information from the fluorescence image data obtained by the imaging unit 18 is provided.
- the blocking control unit 24 controls the blocking mechanism 22 based on the sample internal information obtained by the three-dimensional distribution calculation processing unit 30.
- a sample internal information input unit 32 for inputting the internal information of the sample to be detected is further provided.
- the blocking control unit 24 controls the blocking mechanism 22 based on the sample internal information input from the input unit 32.
- the image integration unit 26 may be configured to integrate the fluorescent images reconstructed by the 3D distribution calculation processing unit 30.
- the blocking control unit 24, the image integration unit 26, and the three-dimensional distribution calculation processing unit 30 are realized by a computer 34.
- a computer 34 is a dedicated computer or a personal computer of the fluorescent image acquisition apparatus.
- the input unit 32 is an input device including a keyboard and a mouse for inputting data to the computer 34.
- the entire observation object of the sample 12 is irradiated with the excitation light 16 from the excitation light source 14, and a fluorescence image in the entire observation object is acquired by the two-dimensional detector 20 of the imaging unit 18 (FIG. 3A).
- the entire observation target is not necessarily the entire sample, but may be a part of the sample to be observed.
- the sample is not particularly limited, but is a biological sample, for example.
- the place with the strongest fluorescence intensity is detected with high sensitivity.
- the location indicated by the symbol a is the location with the strongest fluorescence intensity, and the fluorescence from that location is detected with high sensitivity.
- the living body internal information is obtained by the three-dimensional distribution calculation processing unit 30.
- processing procedures for obtaining internal biological information include a method of calculating a tomographic image from forward problem analysis and inverse problem analysis, a method of deriving deep information from different wavelengths (see Patent Document 5), and the like.
- the accumulation location such as a subcutaneous blood vessel or lymph node is known in advance, instead of obtaining the in-vivo information by the three-dimensional distribution calculation processing unit 30, the in-vivo information is input from the sample internal information input unit 32. You may make it input.
- the forward problem analysis is a process in which the excitation light propagates through the living body when the excitation light is irradiated from any direction, and the fluorescence propagates inside the living body when a fluorescent substance is present at any position inside the living body. It consists of the process of doing. Each process can be calculated by the following light diffusion equations (1) and (2).
- D diffusion constant
- ⁇ a absorption coefficient
- ⁇ ex (j) excitation light fluence rate at position r when excitation light is applied from the j-th direction
- ⁇ em (k) fluorescence fluence rate at position r when a fluorescent substance is present at the k-th position
- ⁇ molar extinction coefficient
- ⁇ quantum yield
- M molar concentration
- S (j) excitation light intensity at the j-th position
- the theoretical values of excitation and fluorescence propagation can be obtained from the equations (1) and (2), and the system matrix A is created based on the calculation results.
- the system matrix A is a matrix for obtaining a theoretical value of the fluorescence distribution detected on the surface of the living body when the spatial distribution f of the fluorescent material is given.
- the column vector v of the system matrix is a theoretical value of the fluorescence distribution detected on the surface of the living body at an arbitrary position, and the system matrix is obtained for each column vector up to the kth position.
- the calculation in the inverse problem analysis consists of a process of obtaining the spatial distribution of the fluorescent substance from the fluorescence detection data obtained by the apparatus and the theoretical value calculated in the forward problem analysis.
- the system matrix A in Equation (3) can be obtained by forward problem analysis.
- the fluorescence biological image acquisition device can obtain the fluorescence distribution vector g on the living body surface in the equation (4).
- the spatial distribution vector f of the unknown fluorescent substance is obtained from the system matrix A obtained by the forward problem analysis and the fluorescence distribution vector g on the living body surface.
- a general method for obtaining the vector f is the least square method, which can be obtained by minimizing the evaluation function of the following equation (5).
- a part of the excitation light is blocked by the blocking mechanism 22 so that the excitation light does not enter the fluorescent material at the location a, or temporarily
- the blocking mechanism 22 blocks the fluorescence so that the fluorescence generated from the fluorescent material at the location a does not enter the two-dimensional detector 20 even if the excitation light enters the fluorescent material at the location a.
- steps 2 to 4 are repeated when the fluorescence image is also detected. The same applies when weak fluorescence is detected.
- Image data is integrated with respect to the obtained plurality of fluorescent image data.
- the image data is integrated after obtaining the acquisition conditions of the two-dimensional detector 20.
- the image data to be integrated may be fluorescence image data acquired by the two-dimensional detector 20 or fluorescence image data reconstructed in the procedure 2.
- FIG. 4 is an example of a blocking mechanism 22A installed around a sample made of a small living body such as a mouse.
- Cylindrical blocking plates 42 ⁇ / b> A and 42 ⁇ / b> B having a diameter of about 70 mm are installed at two locations on both sides of the biological sample 12 in the longitudinal direction.
- the longitudinal direction of the biological sample 12 is the direction of a straight line connecting the head to the tail of the living body.
- the blocking plates 42A and 42B are supported by the respective electric sliders 44A and 44B so that they can move along the longitudinal direction of the biological sample 12.
- the material of the blocking plates 42A and 42B is preferably a lightweight material such as aluminum or plastic, and the surface is preferably painted black to suppress light reflection as much as possible.
- the blocking plates 42A and 42B are driven by the electric sliders 44A and 44B according to an instruction from the blocking control unit 24, and move to an arbitrary region to block light.
- FIG. 5 is an example of a blocking mechanism 22B disposed between the excitation light source 14 and the two-dimensional fluorescence detector 20 and the sample 12.
- two excitation light sources 14 are arranged in front of the two-dimensional fluorescence detector 20.
- the number of excitation light sources 14 may be one, or three or more.
- the excitation light source 14 irradiates excitation light 16 over a wide angle with respect to a sample (not shown).
- the blocking mechanism 22B is disposed between the position where the excitation light source 14 and the two-dimensional fluorescence detector 20 are installed and the sample.
- the blocking mechanism 22B blocks the sample from being irradiated with a part of the excitation light 16 from the excitation light source 14, and blocks a part of the fluorescence from the sample from entering the two-dimensional fluorescence detector 20.
- the blocking mechanism 22B includes four blocking plates 46A to 46D arranged in the same plane, and these blocking plates 46A to 46D are supported by the respective electric sliders 48A to 48D so as to move independently from each other. .
- the material of the blocking plates 46A to 46D is preferably a lightweight material such as aluminum or plastic, and the surface is preferably painted black to suppress light reflection as much as possible.
- the blocking plates 46A to 46D are driven by the electric sliders 48A to 48D according to instructions from the blocking control unit 24, and move to an arbitrary region to block light.
- a blocking mechanism that physically blocks excitation and fluorescence in accordance with position information of the fluorescent substance inside the living body.
- position information of the fluorescent substance inside the living body For example, when there is a fluorescent substance that emits the strongest fluorescence in a shallow position inside the living body as viewed from the two-dimensional detector 20, the influence of scattering when the fluorescence passes through the inside of the living body is small, and thus the fluorescence is removed. It is possible to narrow the blocking range for doing.
- the fluorescent substance is present at a deep position inside the living body as viewed from the two-dimensional detector 20, since the influence of scattering when the fluorescence passes through the inside of the living body is large, the blocking range for removing the fluorescence is expanded. There is a need. In this way, it is possible to give optimum imaging conditions while taking into consideration the scattering problem that is a problem in biological measurement.
- the range to be blocked by the blocking mechanism 22 is determined as follows, for example.
- FIG. 6A a simulation of how far the fluorescence emitted from the fluorescent substance inside the living body is detected on the surface of the biological sample is performed.
- FIG. 6B shows a profile of the fluorescence intensity detected on the surface of the biological sample when the installation depth is varied. This profile can be calculated by the light diffusion equations (1) and (2).
- FIG. 7 shows a fluorescence intensity profile normalized so that the fluorescence intensity at a distance of 20 mm is 1 from FIG. 6 (B). From FIG. 7, it is possible to obtain an index as to how much the fluorescence inside the biological sample is scattered and spread and detected on the surface. Based on the information obtained from FIG. 7, the range in which the fluorescence should be blocked is determined. For example, when the fluorescent material is present at a depth of 2 mm of the biological sample when viewed from the two-dimensional detector 20, if the range of about 3 mm from the peak point of the fluorescence intensity is blocked, the fluorescence derived from this fluorescent material is reduced to about 1 / It can be attenuated to 5. By this blocking, the dynamic range of the region other than the blocking portion can be increased about five times, and even weak light can be detected. An attenuation of 1/5 represents an example of substantial interruption.
- the blocking control unit 24 can efficiently specify the blocking range. Further, in the case where the fluorescent substance accumulation location is known in advance, such as each organ such as the liver, subcutaneous blood vessels, and lymph nodes, the positional information of the fluorescent substance in the biological sample is known in advance. Once such a simulation is performed, a range to be blocked in advance can be input from the input unit 32 to the computer 34 and held.
- the computer 34 keeps a correspondence table of the cutoff range with respect to the depth.
- An example of the correspondence table is shown in Table 1.
- This correspondence table is obtained in advance by calculation so that the optical attenuation of the fluorescence incident on the two-dimensional detector 20 becomes 1/5 due to the interruption.
- the degree of light attenuation of the fluorescence incident on the two-dimensional detector 20 is a degree for substantially blocking so that the fluorescence having the next strongest intensity can be detected, and can be changed as necessary. .
- the blocking control unit 24 inputs the depth information of the fluorescent material by the configuration process (FIG. 2 (2)) from the three-dimensional distribution calculation processing unit 30, as shown in FIG. .
- the data in Table 1 is read out and the blocking range is determined (input) based on the depth information.
- the blocking control unit 24 controls the operation of the electric sliders 23A and 23B based on the blocking range, and moves the blocking plates 42A and 42B to a predetermined position.
- the fluorescence image capturing for the third time and thereafter is performed in a state in which all of the fluorescence images having the strongest intensity in each of the fluorescence image capturing so far are substantially blocked.
- a blocking mechanism 22B shown in FIG. 5 is suitable.
- the computer 34 keeps a correspondence table of the cutoff range with respect to the depth.
- the correspondence table is shown in Table 2, for example, and the position of each lymph node, blood vessel, and heart is known in advance as to how many millimeters the depth from the sample surface is as seen from the two-dimensional detector. It is requested in advance how much the cut-off range is set with respect to the depth.
- This correspondence table is also obtained in advance by calculation so that the optical attenuation of the fluorescence incident on the two-dimensional detector 20 is 1/5 due to the interruption.
- the organ with the strongest fluorescence intensity is known in the first imaging, and it is determined as a blocking target.
- the blocking control unit 24 inputs what is to be blocked from the input unit 32.
- the blocking control unit 24 reads the data in Table 2 and determines (inputs) the blocking range for the blocking target.
- the blocking control unit 24 controls the operation of the electric sliders 48A to 48D based on the blocking range, and moves the blocking plates 46A to 46D to a predetermined position.
- the fluorescence from the organ having the strongest fluorescence signal in the entire image range is substantially blocked, and the weakness from the organ other than the organ to be blocked at the time of the second fluorescence image capturing (FIG. 2 (4)). It becomes possible to detect the fluorescence.
- the third fluorescence image capturing is performed in a state where all of the fluorescence images having the strongest intensity in each of the previous fluorescence image capturings are substantially blocked.
- ICG Indocyanine Green
- a sample in which two tubes 52A and 52B were installed was prepared as a sample. Both tubes 52A and 52B are not located at the center of the column of the phantom 50, but at a depth of 6 mm from a certain peripheral surface, and the distance between the tubes 52A and 52B is about 10 mm.
- the ICG concentration is 5 ppm for tube 52A and 0.5 ppm for tube 52B.
- the fluorescence image of the tube 52A is located at a depth of 6 to 7 mm from the peripheral surface on the two-dimensional detector side as shown in FIG. Has been reconfigured.
- the density difference is only about one digit, and the fluorescent image of the tube 52B is also reconstructed at a density of about 1/10.
- the fluorescence blocking range was calculated from a table in which the position information and the blocking range created in advance were associated with each other. Table 1 was used as this correspondence table. Since the fluorescence image from the tube 52A was reconstructed at a depth of 6 to 7 mm from the phantom peripheral surface on the two-dimensional detector side, a depth of 5.8 mm was obtained from the data in Table 1 as a blocking range corresponding to 7 mm. It was adopted.
- the blocking mechanism 22C is operated as shown in FIG. 12A to substantially block the fluorescence from the tube 52A from entering the two-dimensional detector.
- FIG. 12B shows a fluorescence image acquired again in this state.
- the detection sensitivity of the two-dimensional detector can be increased by substantially blocking the fluorescence from the tube 52A, and the weak fluorescence from the tube 52B is detected with good contrast as shown in FIG. (Arrows in FIG. 12B).
- FIG. 14 shows the fluorescent images obtained as shown in FIGS. 10 and 12 on the same screen using two different colors.
- the image was displayed after contrast enhancement (intensity below a certain threshold was cut).
- FIG. 15 shows the reconstructed fluorescence results obtained as shown in FIGS. 11 and 13 on the same screen using two different colors. By using the reconstructed fluorescence result, noise due to excitation light or the like can be removed.
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Abstract
Description
(A)試料から離れた位置から、広がる光束の励起光で試料を照射して試料中の蛍光物質を励起して蛍光を発生させ、発生した蛍光を二次元検出器で検出して蛍光画像を得るステップ、
試料台10上に測定対象の試料12が載せられる。試料12は特に限定されるものではないが、例えばマウス等の小動物のような生体試料である。励起光源14は試料台10に置かれた試料12を、試料12から離れた位置から、広がる光束の励起光16で照射し試料12中の蛍光物質を励起して蛍光を発生させる励起光源を備えている。励起光源としては、必要な励起波長の励起光を発光するLD(レーザダイオード)やLED(発光ダイオード)のほか、ハロゲンランプなどのランプ類を用いることができる。励起光源14には、検出しようとする蛍光波長の光を除去する励起側干渉フィルタを励起光源に組み合わせて使用するのが好ましい。
まず始めに、励起光源14からの励起光16で試料12の観察対象全域を照射し、撮像部18の二次元検出器20により観察対象全域での蛍光画像を取得する(図3(A))。観察対象全域は必ずし試料全体でなくてもよく、試料の観察しようとする一部であってもよい。試料は特に限定されるものではないが、例えば生体試料とする。この処理では、最も蛍光強度の強い場所が感度よく検出される。図3(A)の例では、記号aで示される場所が蛍光強度の最も強い場所であり、その場所からの蛍光が感度よく検出される。一方、その場所aからの蛍光を検出する条件で別の箇所bの微弱な蛍光まで感度よく撮像しようとすると、二次元検出器の検出感度を上げなければならないため、二次元検出器のダイナミックレンジが足りずに場所aからの強い蛍光によってハレーションを起こす状況が発生する。
次に、前述の処理で得た蛍光画像データを元に、三次元分布計算処理部30により生体内部情報を求める。生体内部情報を求める処理手順の具体例として、順問題解析と逆問題解析から断層画像を計算する方法や、異なる波長から深部情報を導き出す方法(特許文献5参照。)等がある。また、皮下の血管やリンパ節など集積箇所が予め判明している場合については、三次元分布計算処理部30により生体内部情報を求めるのに代えて、試料内部情報入力部32から生体内部情報を入力するようにしてもよい。
ここで、
D:拡散定数、
μa:吸収係数、
φex(j):j番目の方向から励起光を与えた場合の位置rにおける励起光フルエンスレート、
φem(k):k番目の位置に蛍光物質が存在した場合の位置rにおける蛍光フルエンスレート、
ε:モル吸光係数、
γ:量子収率、
M:モル濃度、
S(j):j番目の位置における励起光強度、
を表す。
g=Af (3)
A=[v(1),v(2),…,v(k)] (4)
ここで、
A:システム行列、
f:蛍光物質の空間分布ベクトル、
g:生体表面での蛍光分布ベクトル、
を表す。例えば、蛍光物質の空間分布f=[0 0 0.5 1 0.5 0 … 0]Tが与えられた場合、このベクトルにシステム行列を掛けると(Af)、生体表面での蛍光分布ベクトルが得られる。[A B C]Tは転置行列である。
ここで、
λ:正則化パラメータ、
を表す。このようにして、生体内部情報を求めることができ、生体内部での蛍光物質の画像を再構成することができる。
手順2によって蛍光物質のある場所aの生体内部での位置情報が得られるので、遮断制御部24はこの情報に基づいて場所aに対して蛍光を物理的に遮断する遮断機構22を作動させて場所aからの蛍光を除去する(図3B)。場所aからの蛍光が二次元検出器20に入射しないように遮断するには、励起光が場所aの蛍光物質に入射しないように遮断機構22で励起光の一部を遮断するか、又は仮に励起光が場所aの蛍光物質に入射しても場所aの蛍光物質から発生する蛍光が二次元検出器20に入射しないように遮断機構22で蛍光を遮断する。
手順3によって、場所aからの蛍光が二次元検出器20に実質的に入射しないように限定された観測範囲に対して、再度蛍光画像を取得する(図3B)。このとき、場所bからの蛍光が十分検出できるよう、二次元検出器20の取得条件を変えて撮像を行う。
得られた複数の蛍光画像データに対して画像データを統合する。画像データの統合の際、二次元検出器20の取得条件を揃えた上で画像データを統合する。統合する画像データは、二次元検出器20が取得した蛍光画像データであってもよく、手順2で再構成された蛍光画像データであってもよい。
手順5で得たデータを、表示部28に表示する。観察時にダイナミックレンジを拡げて測定することができたとしても、表示の際に表示部28のダイナミックレンジが不足する可能性もある。そのため、表示については統合画像に対して、(a)表示範囲を任意に設定した上で表示する、(b)対数表示する、(c)蛍光強度をいくつかの範囲に分割して異なる色彩で表示する、といった方法で実施する。
本発明を円筒型ファントムで検証した結果を以下に示す。
12 試料
14 励起光源
16 励起光
18 撮像部
20 二次元検出器
22,22A,22B,22C 遮断機構
24 遮断制御部
26 画像統合部
28 表示装置
30 三次元分布計算処理部
34 コンピュータ
Claims (13)
- 試料台と、
前記試料台に置かれた試料を、試料から離れた位置から、広がる光束の励起光で照射し試料中の蛍光物質を励起して蛍光を発生させる励起光源と、
試料からの蛍光を検出する二次元検出器を備えた撮像部と、
試料と前記二次元検出器との間に配置され、試料からの蛍光の一部が前記二次元検出器に入射するのを遮断する遮断機構と、
前記撮像部により撮像しようとする時点において試料からの最も強い蛍光が前記二次元検出器に入射するのを実質的に遮断するように前記遮断機構を制御する遮断制御部と、
前記遮断機構によって試料の一部が遮断された状態で前記撮像部が得た少なくとも1つの蛍光画像を含む少なくとも2つの蛍光画像を1つの画像に統合するように計算処理する画像統合部と、
前記画像統合部が得た統合画像を表示する表示装置と、
を備えた蛍光画像取得装置。 - 前記撮像部が得た蛍光画像データから試料内部を計算して蛍光画像を再構成する三次元分布計算処理部をさらに備え、
前記画像統合部は前記三次元分布計算処理部により再構成された蛍光画像を統合するように構成されている請求項1に記載の蛍光画像取得装置。 - 前記遮断制御部は、前記三次元分布計算処理部により再構成された蛍光画像に基づいて、最も強い蛍光が前記二次元検出器に入射するのを実質的に遮断するように前記遮断機構を制御するように構成されている請求項2に記載の蛍光画像取得装置。
- 試料の内部情報を入力する入力部をさらに備え、
前記遮断制御部は、前記入力部から入力された試料内部情報に基づいて、最も強い蛍光が前記二次元検出器に入射するのを遮断するように前記遮断機構を制御するように構成されている請求項1又は2に記載の蛍光画像取得装置。 - 前記遮断制御部は、蛍光を受光する方向から見たときの蛍光物質の試料内部での深さに応じて遮断範囲を変化させるように前記遮断機構を制御するように構成されている請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の蛍光画像取得装置。
- 前記遮断機構は、前記遮断制御部からの電気制御によって自動動作する機構を備えている請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の蛍光画像取得装置。
- 前記表示装置は、統合画像を強度範囲毎に異なる色彩で表示するように構成されている請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の蛍光画像取得装置。
- 以下のステップ(A)から(D)を含む蛍光画像取得方法。
(A)試料から離れた位置から、広がる光束の励起光で試料を照射して試料中の蛍光物質を励起して蛍光を発生させ、発生した蛍光を二次元検出器で検出して蛍光画像を得るステップ、
(B)前記二次元検出器により蛍光を検出しようとする時点において最も強い蛍光を発する部分からの蛍光が前記二次元検出器に入射するのを実質的に遮断した状態で、前記ステップ(A)と同様に試料に励起光を照射して前記二次元検出器により蛍光画像を得る少なくとも1つのステップ、
(C)ステップ(A)で得た蛍光画像とステップ(B)で得た少なくとも1つの蛍光画像からなる少なくとも2つの蛍光画像を1つの画像に統合するステップ、及び
(D)ステップ(C)で統合された画像を表示するステップ。 - ステップ(A)と(B)で得た蛍光画像から試料内部を計算してそれぞれの蛍光画像を再構成する再構成ステップをさらに備え、
前記画像統合ステップ(C)は前記再構成ステップにより再構成された蛍光画像を統合する請求項8に記載の蛍光画像取得方法。 - 前記ステップ(B)は、前記再構成ステップで得た試料内部情報に基づいて、前記二次元検出器により蛍光を検出しようとする時点における最も強い蛍光を発する部分を決定する請求項9に記載の蛍光画像取得方法。
- 前記ステップ(B)は、外部から入力された試料内部情報に基づいて、前記二次元検出器により蛍光を検出しようとする時点における最も強い蛍光を発する部分を決定する請求項8又は9に記載の蛍光画像取得方法。
- 前記ステップ(B)は、蛍光を受光する方向から見たときの蛍光物質の試料内部での深さに応じて遮断範囲を変化させる請求項8から11のいずれか一項に記載の蛍光画像取得方法。
- 前記ステップ(D)は、統合された画像を強度範囲毎に異なる色彩で表示する請求項8から12のいずれか一項に記載の蛍光画像取得方法。
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JP2006292421A (ja) * | 2005-04-06 | 2006-10-26 | Sharp Corp | 蛍光検出装置 |
JP2009257967A (ja) * | 2008-04-17 | 2009-11-05 | Olympus Corp | 蛍光観察装置および蛍光観察方法 |
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JP2006292421A (ja) * | 2005-04-06 | 2006-10-26 | Sharp Corp | 蛍光検出装置 |
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