WO2015035463A1 - Cornet d'alimentation avec quatre arêtes comportant un pointeau diélectrique - Google Patents

Cornet d'alimentation avec quatre arêtes comportant un pointeau diélectrique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015035463A1
WO2015035463A1 PCT/AU2014/000910 AU2014000910W WO2015035463A1 WO 2015035463 A1 WO2015035463 A1 WO 2015035463A1 AU 2014000910 W AU2014000910 W AU 2014000910W WO 2015035463 A1 WO2015035463 A1 WO 2015035463A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
feed horn
dielectric
spear
microwave feed
series
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2014/000910
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Alexander Ray DUNNING
Original Assignee
Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2013903532A external-priority patent/AU2013903532A0/en
Application filed by Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation filed Critical Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation
Publication of WO2015035463A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015035463A1/fr

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
    • H01Q13/0266—Waveguide horns provided with a flange or a choke
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
    • H01Q13/0275—Ridged horns

Definitions

  • Quad Ridged Feed Horn including a Dielectric Spear
  • the present invention relates to the field of antenna designs, and, in particular, discloses a quad ridged microwave feed horn having a tapered dielectric spear.
  • Dual and quad feed horn antenna designs are known. Examples of feed horn antenna designs can be found as:
  • a microwave feed horn including: a central elongated cavity open at a distal end and including a series of electromagnetic emission or reception sources at a proximal end and having a series of ridges along a wall thereof; and an axial elongated dielectric spear element extending from the distal to proximal end, the spear element acting to increase the beam width of the transmitted electromagnetic energy at high frequencies.
  • the dielectric spear preferably can include a dielectric material along a radial portion of the spear which has a dielectric constant that decreases in the outward radial direction.
  • the series of ridges are preferably tapered or flared near the distal end of the cavity so as to reduce spurious transmission modes.
  • the spurious transmission mode preferably can include the TE 3 i mode.
  • the number of ridges can be four.
  • the spear preferably can include at least three layers of concentric dielectric material, with a high dielectric constant first layer, an intermediate second layer and a lower dielectric constant third layer.
  • the spear can be constructed from a radially graduated dielectric material or a substantially constant dielectric material.
  • the spear preferably can include a rounded tip.
  • the spear preferably can include a tip projecting out of the cavity.
  • the cavity further preferably can include a corrugated skirt around the distal end of the cavity.
  • the corrugated skirt preferably can include a series of concentric grooves.
  • the corrugated skirt preferably can include a series of five concentric grooves of substantially 1/3 wavelength depth by substantially 1/15 wavelength wide at the lowest intended frequency of operation.
  • the grooves are preferably separated by a wall of substantially 1/100 wavelength thickness at the lowest intended frequency of operation.
  • the spear element can include a series of voids cut into a contiguous material, to approximate a change in dielectric value near an external region of said spear element.
  • a method of improving the high frequency response of a quad ridged feed horn having a central elongated cavity open at a distal end and including a series of electromagnetic emission or reception sources at a proximal end and having a series of ridges along a wall thereof, the method including the step of: locating an axial elongated dielectric spear element extending from the distal to proximal end, said spear element acting to increase the beam width of the transmitted electromagnetic energy at high frequencies.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates the a side perspective view of the preferred embodiment
  • FIG. 2 illustrates side perspective view, partly in section through the lines A-A' of Fig. i;
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a top plan view of the feed horn of the preferred embodiment
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a sectional view through the line B-B' of Fig. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view of a portion of Fig. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a further sectional view through the feed horn of the preferred embodiment.
  • Fig. 7 is an enlarged sectional view of a portion of Fig. 6.
  • the preferred embodiment provides a quad-ridged feed horn structure containing a dielectric spear which is used to illuminate a reflector antenna with a circular aperture.
  • the feed horn may be used in either transmitting or receiving applications. The transmitting case is described here.
  • Fig. 1 there is illustrated the feed horn structure 20 which includes a dielectric spear 21.
  • the preferred embodiment consists of a differentially fed quad ridged feed horn which includes a central elongated cavity 8 having a series of ridges 7 along the wall of the cavity.
  • the horn further includes a triple layered dielectric spear 21 along the central axis and an axially corrugated outer skirt 15.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a sectional view along the line A- A' of Fig. 1 showing the cut away portions of the feed horn structure.
  • quad ridged feed horns produce an illumination pattern that narrows as the frequency of operation increases.
  • the design of the preferred embodiment avoids the narrowing of the illumination pattern with the addition of a layered dielectric spear 21 located in the centre of the feed horn.
  • This dielectric spear concentrates the electromagnetic fields towards the centre of the feed horn at high frequencies. This reduces the apparent aperture of the feed horn and increases the beam width. With careful design of the dielectric spear it is possible to maintain a nearly constant beam width over a 6: 1 bandwidth.
  • the addition of the dielectric spear has the added benefit that as the fields are concentrated towards the centre of the feed horn at high frequencies, there is more freedom to add a structure around the feed horn to improve the low frequency behaviour of the feed horn. Hence a series of radially corrugated sections 15 at the mouth of the feed horn are provided to improve the low frequency pattern. This would usually negatively affect the high frequency performance of the feed where a dielectric spear was not present.
  • the dielectric spear 21 consists of three concentric layers of a dielectric material 10, 1 1, 12 with dielectric constants of 3.8 for the central section 10 which can be formed from quartz, 2.1 for the intermediate section 11 , which can be formed from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and 1.4 for the outer section 12 which can be formed from slotted PTFE to approximate the dielectric constant.
  • the spear 21 could equally have been formed with a continuously graded material or, where poorer performance is acceptable, a spear with a single dielectric constant.
  • the tip of each layer of the dielectric spear is rounded with a profile which is shaped for optimum illumination pattern.
  • quad ridged feed horns smoothly reduce the height of the ridge to achieve a transition between quad ridged waveguide and circular or square waveguide. This results in the production of a large amount of the TE 3 i mode at the waveguide aperture. This is not apparent from an examination of the structure.
  • the TE 3 i mode is unwanted and commonly results in an antenna radiation pattern which is broader in one axis than the other.
  • the width of the ridge 7 is increased 9 as its height is decreased to reduce the amount of the TE 3i mode that is produced at intermediate frequencies. This feature is displayed in the preferred embodiment where the ridge flares 9 towards the aperture of the feed horn.
  • the feed horn accepts two linear polarisations at its input ports and produces a propagating wave with a Gaussian beam shape suitable for illuminating a reflector with a circular aperture.
  • the feed is intended to operate over a bandwidth of greater than 5: 1
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a front plan view of the feed horn, illustrating the ridge transition 9 and spear 21.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a sectional view through the line B-B' of Fig. 3.
  • the feed horn is surrounded with an axially corrugated skirt 15 to improve the low frequency radiation pattern.
  • the skirt can consist of five axial grooves of approximately 1/3 wavelength deep by 1/15 wavelength wide at the lowest frequency of operation. These grooves are separated by a wall of approximately 1/100 of a wavelength thickness, also at the lowest frequency of operation.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates an enlargement of the feed region 23 of Fig. 4.
  • the TEn mode is excited in a quad ridged waveguide, in each polarisation, via a pair of probes (one pair for each orthogonal polarization) located at the end 23 of the quad ridged waveguide.
  • two differentially fed coaxial lines 24,25 enter a junction though the rear wall of the feed horn 26.
  • the outer conductors of these coaxial lines are terminated on the inner surface of the rear wall.
  • Each of the inner conductors of these coaxial lines is coupled to a ridge through a capacitive junction formed by a probe entering a hole in the end of the ridge 27.
  • the probe is electrically isolated from the ridge by a thin insulating PTFE sleave.
  • the capacitance of this junction is adjusted to achieve a high return loss at the lowest frequencies of operation.
  • a notch is cut into the end of each ridge 28 having a length and width of approximately 1/4 of a wavelength at the highest frequency of operation. This notch functions as a short length of high impedance shorted line between the junction and the rear wall of the feed horn allowing the ridge to be directly connected to the rear wall 29.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates a further side sectional view of the feed horn with Fig. 7 illustrating the corresponding enlargement of the portion 33 of Fig. 6.
  • the graduated dielectric which comprises the axial spear. It is not necessary for the operation of the feed horn that the spear consist of three layers of different dielectric constants. In the simplest case the spear might consist of only a single dielectric constant. It is also possible that the spear could be constructed with a smoothly varying dielectric constant.
  • the method via which the dielectric is formed may also be achieved in several ways.
  • the dielectric may be formed (with the exception of the outer layer) from a solid material.
  • the dielectric may also be formed as a foamed material, a filled material, a filled foam or a material with engineered voids.
  • the arrangement of the preferred embodiment includes the outer dielectric having a series of slots which assist in approximating a desired dielectric value.
  • radio frequency inert cover made from foam or the like, can be placed over the device to protect it from environmental conditions.
  • any one of the terms comprising, comprised of or which comprises is an open term that means including at least the elements/features that follow, but not excluding others.
  • the term comprising, when used in the claims should not be interpreted as being limitative to the means or elements or steps listed thereafter.
  • the scope of the expression a device comprising A and B should not be limited to devices consisting only of elements A and B.
  • Any one of the terms including or which includes or that includes as used herein is also an open term that also means including at least the elements/features that follow the term, but not excluding others. Thus, including is synonymous with and means comprising.
  • exemplary is used in the sense of providing examples, as opposed to indicating quality. That is, an "exemplary embodiment” is an embodiment provided as an example, as opposed to necessarily being an embodiment of exemplary quality.
  • Coupled when used in the claims, should not be interpreted as being limited to direct connections only.
  • the terms “coupled” and “connected,” along with their derivatives, may be used. It should be understood that these terms are not intended as synonyms for each other.
  • the scope of the expression a device A coupled to a device B should not be limited to devices or systems wherein an output of device A is directly connected to an input of device B. It means that there exists a path between an output of A and an input of B which may be a path including other devices or means.
  • Coupled may mean that two or more elements are either in direct physical or electrical contact, or that two or more elements are not in direct contact with each other but yet still co-operate or interact with each other.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un cornet d'alimentation à micro-ondes comportant : une cavité allongée résonnante centrale ouverte à une extrémité distale et comprenant une série de sources d'émission ou de réception électromagnétiques à une extrémité proximale et ayant une série d'arêtes le long de sa paroi ; et un élément de pointeau diélectrique allongé s'étendant depuis l'extrémité distale jusqu'à l'extrémité proximale, l'élément de pointeau agissant pour augmenter la largeur de faisceau de toute énergie électromagnétique transmise ou reçue à des hautes fréquences.
PCT/AU2014/000910 2013-09-13 2014-09-12 Cornet d'alimentation avec quatre arêtes comportant un pointeau diélectrique WO2015035463A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2013903532 2013-09-13
AU2013903532A AU2013903532A0 (en) 2013-09-13 Quad ridged feed horn including a dielectric spear

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2015035463A1 true WO2015035463A1 (fr) 2015-03-19

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