WO2015032364A1 - 一种长标距碳纤维应变传感器件及其测试方法 - Google Patents

一种长标距碳纤维应变传感器件及其测试方法 Download PDF

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WO2015032364A1
WO2015032364A1 PCT/CN2014/087482 CN2014087482W WO2015032364A1 WO 2015032364 A1 WO2015032364 A1 WO 2015032364A1 CN 2014087482 W CN2014087482 W CN 2014087482W WO 2015032364 A1 WO2015032364 A1 WO 2015032364A1
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carbon fiber
fiber strain
long gauge
gauge carbon
long
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PCT/CN2014/087482
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English (en)
French (fr)
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吴智深
黄璜
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东南大学
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
    • G01B7/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in resistance

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  • the invention relates to a technology for health detection and monitoring in civil traffic structures, in particular to a long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor device suitable for long-term monitoring and distributed strain sensing and a test method thereof.
  • the metal sensing material of the resistance strain sensor has high sensitivity and small lateral effect compared to carbon fiber.
  • a carbon fiber-based sensor could not satisfy stable strain measurement. Because a continuous carbon fiber is shaped by a large amount of microfibers through a coupling agent, the internal circuit overlap of the resistance sensing element seriously affects the stability of the sensing performance, so that the carbon fiber sensor is limited in measurement. Sensing performance when grade strain changes. With the deepening of the sensing technology based on carbon fiber, it has been found that by using the long gauge package technology, the stability of the carbon fiber sensor can be improved, and the measurement of small-scale strain changes can be realized.
  • carbon fiber itself is a heat-sensitive material.
  • the electrical resistance changes significantly with temperature, and the temperature coefficient is negative.
  • the carbon fiber material needs to be cured by impregnation of the resin to form a composite material suitable for practical use.
  • resin as an important component of transmission stress, its physical properties such as elastic modulus and bond strength, are susceptible to ambient temperature, resulting in non-linear output of carbon fiber sensing elements, reducing carbon fiber sensing elements Operability and repeatability. Therefore, compensation measures must be taken to meet the requirements for accuracy and long-term durability of carbon fiber sensing elements and to meet the requirements of structural distributed strain measurement.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor device suitable for long-term monitoring and distributed strain sensing, based on high-precision measurement performance of a long gauge carbon fiber strain sensing element in a small strain range. Achieve the perception of small strains in a wide range of structures under long-term unstable temperature and humidity conditions to meet the requirements for continuous detection and monitoring of stress (strain) in civil engineering structures.
  • a long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor device the sensor device includes two sets of first long gauge carbon fiber strain sensing elements and a second long gauge length having the same geometrical dimensions.
  • the first length a gauge length carbon fiber strain sensing element and a second long gauge carbon fiber strain sensing element each have one end connected to the first parallel joint and the second parallel joint respectively through an electrode, and the other end of which is connected in series by a wire to measure the joint
  • the first a long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor element is located between the first isolation film and the second isolation film
  • the second long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor element is located between the second isolation film and the third isolation film
  • the first length The gauge carbon fiber strain sensing element and the second long gauge carbon fiber strain sensing element have the same strain
  • the first long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor element and the second long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor element are connected to the measuring bridge through the measuring joint and the first parallel joint and the second parallel joint, wherein the first long gauge carbon fiber Strain sensing
  • the component acts as a compensator and the second long gauge carbon fiber strain sensing element acts as a work piece.
  • the length of the electrode end of the first long gauge carbon fiber strain sensing element is less than the length of the electrode end of the second long gauge carbon fiber strain sensing element.
  • the first long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor element is freely deformed between the first isolation film and the second isolation film; the second long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor element is located between the second isolation film and the third isolation film. Deformation.
  • One ends of the first anchoring segment and the second anchoring segment are equal in width to the second long gauge carbon fiber strain sensing element, and are anchored by resin anchoring, and the other end thereof is radially dispersed.
  • the first anchoring section and the second anchoring section completely encapsulate the measuring joint and the joint of the first parallel joint and the second parallel joint to protect the sensor element electrode.
  • the second long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor element is bonded to the measuring object by applying a certain pretensioning to the first anchoring section and the second anchoring section, and the first long gauge carbon fiber strain sensing component passes through the The first isolation film and the second isolation film are integrated with the second long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor element.
  • the first long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor element and the second long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor element are high precision long gauge strain sensing elements with carbon fiber as sensing substrate, and the gauge length is 50 cm to 2 meters. between.
  • the length of the first anchoring section and the second anchoring section is more than one tenth of the gauge length of the second long gauge carbon fiber strain sensing element, and the end width is the width of the second long gauge carbon fiber strain sensing element. More than five times.
  • the first release film, the second release film, and the third release film are insulating films having corrosion resistance, water repellency, and good ductility.
  • the first anchoring section and the second anchoring section are formed by impregnating and curing the glass and basalt fiber continuous high-strength insulating fiber material with the resin.
  • the second long gauge carbon fiber strain sensing element comprises a long gauge carbon fiber strain sensing core wire for measuring strain in the fiber direction or a geometric relationship of a long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor core wire for calculating a fiber normal direction deformation of Multiple long gauge carbon fiber strain sensing cores.
  • the invention also adopts the following technical solution: a test method for a long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor device, comprising the following steps:
  • the first step installing a long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor device, first applying a suitable amount of resin to the surface of the structural object to be monitored or detected, and then sequentially applying to the plurality of long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor members according to any of the preceding claims. After the first anchoring section and the second anchoring section are introduced into the appropriate tension, the long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor components are distributedly distributed on the structural object coated with the resin, and after the resin is completely cured, the tension is removed, and the long gauge carbon fiber is completed. Strain sensor mounting;
  • Step 2 Build a test bridge, connect the long-gauge carbon fiber strain sensor component installed in the first step through the first parallel joint and the second parallel joint, and then use two resistors as the bridge arm to form the measuring circuit. And then access a constant power supply;
  • the third step signal measurement, according to the measurement circuit constructed in the second step, respectively, the measurement joints of each long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor component are respectively connected to the data collector, and the bridges corresponding to the long-length gauge carbon fiber strain sensor components are obtained. The signal changes and the corresponding strain is calculated.
  • the second long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor component as a working piece has a plurality of core wires; and the plurality of long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor core wires are parallelly packaged by a high durability encapsulation layer;
  • the standard distance carbon fiber strain sensor core wires are respectively connected to the same anchoring segment; the strain measurement along the axial direction of the fiber can be realized, and the same can be beneficial.
  • the geometrical relationship of the high-sensitivity long-gauge carbon fiber strain sensing core is used to calculate the deformation of the fiber normal direction to meet the requirements of long-term strain monitoring under complex measurement conditions.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a long gauge carbon fiber strain sensing element and electrode inside a long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of a long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the position of the compensation sheet, the working piece and the separator in the long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a top plan view of the long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of a long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the anchoring section on the left side of the long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of the anchor portion of the right side of the long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor of the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 is a test circuit layout diagram of a plurality of sets of long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor members of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a diagram showing the cyclic loading experimental apparatus of the long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a test circuit layout diagram of a long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor device of the present invention packaged with a plurality of long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor elements.
  • 1-first long gauge carbon fiber strain sensing element 2-second long gauge carbon fiber strain sensing element; 3-first isolation membrane; 4-second isolation membrane; 5-third isolation membrane; 6-measurement Joint; 7-first anchoring section; 8-second anchoring section; 9-first parallel joint; 10-second parallel joint; 11-resistance; 12-data collector; 13-clamp; 14-elastic tensile test Piece; 15-strain gauge; 16-electronic temperature sensor; 17-cycle tension tester.
  • the long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor device of the present invention comprises: two sets of first long gauge carbon fiber strain sensing elements 1 and a second length having the same geometrical length of 50 cm to 2 meters.
  • Standard distance carbon fiber strain sensing element 2, three-layer isolation film 3, 4, 5 (the three-layer isolation film is defined as first isolation film 3, second isolation film 4 and third isolation film 5, respectively), one measuring joint 6 , two anchoring sections 7, 8 (the two anchoring sections are defined as a first anchoring section 7 and a second anchoring section 8 respectively) and two parallel joints 9, 10 (the two parallel joints are respectively defined as a first parallel joint) 9 and the second parallel joint 10) are composed and integrally packaged in order.
  • the first long gauge carbon fiber strain sensing element 1 and the second long gauge carbon fiber strain sensing element 2 have the same strain sensitivity coefficient and thermal coefficient, and the gauge length is between 50 cm and 2 m, and Electrode ends of different lengths.
  • the first long gauge carbon fiber strain sensing element 1 and the second long gauge carbon fiber strain sensing element 2 each have one end connected to the first parallel joint 9 and the second parallel joint 10 through electrodes, and the other end thereof is connected in series by wires. Measure the joint 6.
  • the first long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor element 1 and the second long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor element 2 are connected to the measuring bridge through the measuring joint 6 and the first parallel joint 9 and the second parallel joint 10.
  • the first long gauge carbon fiber strain sensing element 1 is used as a compensation sheet
  • the second long gauge carbon fiber strain sensing element 2 is used as a working piece.
  • the second long gauge carbon fiber strain sensing element 2 for the working piece comprises at least one sensing core wire, and the electrode length of the first long gauge carbon fiber strain sensing element 1 is smaller than the second long gauge carbon fiber strain transmission. The length of the electrode end of the sensing element 2.
  • first long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor element 1 is located between the first isolation film 3 and the second isolation film 4 and is freely deformable therebetween;
  • second long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor element 2 is located in the second isolation film Between 4 and the third separator 5, and freely deformable therebetween.
  • one ends of the first anchoring section 7 and the second anchoring section 8 of the present invention are equal in width to the second long gauge carbon fiber strain sensing element 2, and are anchored by resin anchoring. The other end is radially spread.
  • the first anchoring section 7 and the second anchoring section 8 of the present invention completely encapsulate the joint of the measuring joint 6 and the first parallel joint 9 and the second parallel joint 10. Inside, it is used to protect the sensor electrode.
  • the second long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor element 2 is bonded to the measuring object through the first anchoring section 7 and the second anchoring section 8; the first long gauge carbon fiber strain sensing element 1 passes through the first isolation membrane 3 And the second separator 4 is integrated with the second long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor element 2.
  • the length of the first anchoring section 7 and the second 8 of the present invention is more than one tenth of the gauge length of the second long gauge carbon fiber strain sensing element 2, and the end width thereof is the second long gauge carbon fiber strain sensing element 2 More than five times the width.
  • the first separator 3, the second separator 4, and the third separator 5 of the present invention are insulating films having corrosion resistance, water repellency, and good ductility.
  • the first anchoring section 7 and the second anchoring section 8 of the present invention are formed by impregnating and solidifying a continuous high-strength insulating fiber material such as glass or basalt fiber with a resin.
  • the technical scheme of the invention can realize the self-compensation effect of the long gauge carbon fiber sensing element on environmental factors such as temperature and humidity.
  • a plurality of sets of the long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor members of the present invention are connected in parallel by the first parallel joint 9 and the second joint head 10, and then the two resistors 11 are used as bridge bridge arms to measure.
  • the circuit is connected to a constant power source; then the measuring joints 6 of each long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor are respectively connected to the data collector, and the inter-bridge signal changes corresponding to the long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor components are obtained, and the corresponding strain is calculated.
  • a plurality of sets of the distribution test method for the long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor device of the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • the first step installing a long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor component, first applying a proper amount of resin to the surface of the structural object to be monitored or detected, and then sequentially applying the first anchoring section 7 and the second of the plurality of the aforementioned long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor members. After the anchoring section 8 is introduced into the appropriate tensioning, the sensor component is distributedly arranged on the structural object coated with the resin, and after the resin is completely cured, the tension is removed, and the sensor component is installed;
  • Step 2 Build a test bridge, and connect the long gauge carbon fiber strain sensor component installed in the first step through the first parallel joint 9 and the second parallel joint 10 in parallel, and then form two bridge resistors as bridge arms. Measuring circuit, followed by Into a constant power supply;
  • the third step signal measurement, according to the measurement circuit constructed in the second step above, respectively, the measurement connector 6 of each sensor component is connected to the data collector, and the signal change between the bridges corresponding to each sensor component is obtained, and the corresponding strain value is calculated. .
  • the long-gauge carbon fiber strain sensor members of the present invention having a length of 500 mm and a length of 500 mm are placed in a heating box and subjected to a water bath heating test in a water tank with a temperature control device, although The two sensor components are in different humidity environments, but there is no obvious difference in the signal obtained.
  • the upper limit of the heating temperature is 70 degrees Celsius, which reaches the glass transition temperature of the resin.
  • the nonlinear deformation of the resin affects the thermal sensitivity of the carbon fiber sensing element.
  • the coefficient, but the long gauge length packaged carbon fiber strain sensor device achieved uniform deformation and was not significantly affected. Therefore, the sensor device of the present invention is suitable for long-term monitoring of structures under different temperature and humidity conditions.

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Abstract

一种长标距碳纤维应变传感器件，包括两组具有相同几何尺寸的长标距碳纤维应变传感元件（1，2）以及三层隔离膜（3，4，5），一个测量接头（6），两个锚固段（7，8）和两个并联接头（9，10）；长标距碳纤维应变传感元件（1，2）各有一端分别通过电极连接并联接头（9，10），其另一端通过导线串联连接测量接头（6）；两组长标距碳纤维应变传感元件（1，2）具有相同的应变灵敏度系数和热敏系数；长标距碳纤维应变传感元件（1，2）可以是由多根平行封装的传感芯线组成，并结合封装层内的几何关系计算纤维法线方向的变形。该长标距碳纤维应变传感器件，能够实现在长期不稳定温度和湿度条件下对大范围内结构微小应变的感知，以满足在土木工程结构的应力（应变）的连续检测和监测的要求。

Description

一种长标距碳纤维应变传感器件及其测试方法 技术领域
本发明涉及了一种用于土建交通结构中健康检测和监测的技术，尤其涉及了一种适合长期监测和分布式应变传感用的长标距碳纤维应变传感器件及其测试方法。
背景技术
在结构健康监测系统中，长期的静态应力(应变)的监测以及结构在激励后动态响应的检测，是用来评价结构长期性能和损伤识别的重要方法。在实际应用中，现场不稳定的工作环境(腐蚀、高温)对传感器的正常使用具有很大的干扰，往往导致检测误差。此时，一种可大范围监测的稳定传感器显得尤为重要。碳纤维是一种高强度的耐腐蚀结构材料，同时还具有力阻特性。作为一种新型传感材料，不但比传统的金属电阻应变式传感器更具有长期的稳定性，而且碳纤维材料受力而引起的电阻变化主要来自于电阻率变化而不是传感器的尺寸变化，因此与传统电阻应变式传感器的金属传感材料相比碳纤维具有灵敏度高和横向效应小的特点。但是在实际传感性能的调查研究中，发现以碳纤维为基材的传感器并不能满足稳定的应变测量。因为一根连续碳纤维是由大量微纤维通过偶联剂定型而成，作为一种电阻传感元件其内部电路搭接情况严重影响了传感性能的稳定性，以致于限制了碳纤维传感器在测量小级别应变变化时传感性能。随着关于以碳纤维为基材的传感技术的深入，已经有研究发现了通过采用长标距封装技术，可以提高碳纤维传感器的稳定性，实现了小级别应变变化的测量。
但是碳纤维本身是一种热敏材料，在应力/应变条件稳定而温度条件变化的情况下，其电阻会随温度的变化而明显变化，且其温度系数为负值。另外因为碳纤维的电阻系数小电阻 初值小，因此在小应变范围内测试时其输出信号级别偏小。此外，碳纤维材料需要通过树脂含浸固化后，形成适合实际应用的复合材料。在实际运用中，树脂作为传递应力的重要部件，其本身的物理性质如弹性模量和粘结强度，易受环境温度的影响，造成碳纤维传感元件的非线性输出，降低了碳纤维传感元件的可操作性和重复性。因此，必须采取相应补偿措施以满足碳纤维传感元件关于准确度和长期耐久性的要求，并满足结构分布式应变测量的要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是在长标距碳纤维应变传感元件在小应变范围内的高精度测量性能的基础上，提供一种适合长期监测和分布式应变传感用的长标距碳纤维应变传感器件，实现在长期不稳定温度和湿度条件下对大范围内结构微小应变的感知，以满足在土木工程结构的应力(应变)的连续检测和监测的要求。
本发明为实现上述目的，采用如下技术方案：一种长标距碳纤维应变传感器件，所述传感器件包括两组具有相同几何尺寸的第一长标距碳纤维应变传感元件和第二长标距碳纤维应变传感元件以及第一隔离膜，第二隔离膜，第三隔离膜，一个测量接头，第一锚固段，第二锚固段和第一并联接头和第二并联接头，所述第一长标距碳纤维应变传感元件和第二长标距碳纤维应变传感元件各有一端分别通过电极连接所述第一并联接头和第二并联接头，其另一端通过导线串联连接测量接头，所述第一长标距碳纤维应变传感器元件位于第一隔离膜和第二隔离膜之间，所述第二长标距碳纤维应变传感器元件位于第二隔离膜和第三隔离膜之间，所述第一长标距碳纤维应变传感元件和第二长标距碳纤维应变传感元件具有相同的应变灵敏度系数和热敏系数。
所述第一长标距碳纤维应变传感器元件和第二长标距碳纤维应变传感器元件通过所述测量接头和第一并联接头和第二并联接头接入测量电桥中，其中第一长标距碳纤维应变传感 元件作为补偿片，第二长标距碳纤维应变传感元件作为工作片。
所述第一长标距碳纤维应变传感元件的电极端长度小于第二长标距碳纤维应变传感元件的电极端长度。
所述第一长标距碳纤维应变传感器元件位于第一隔离膜和第二隔离膜之间自由变形；所述第二长标距碳纤维应变传感器元件位于第二隔离膜和第三隔离膜之间自由变形。
所述第一锚固段和第二锚固段的一端与第二长标距碳纤维应变传感元件等宽度，并通过树脂锚固粘结，其另一端呈放射状散开。
所述第一锚固段和第二锚固段将测量接头和第一并联接头和第二并联接头的接头处完全封装在内用以保护传感器件电极。
所述第二长标距碳纤维应变传感器元件通过所述第一锚固段和第二锚固段施加一定的预张拉后与测量对象粘结，所述第一长标距碳纤维应变传感元件通过所述第一隔离膜和第二隔离膜与所述第二长标距碳纤维应变传感器元件一体化。
所述第一长标距碳纤维应变传感器元件和第二长标距碳纤维应变传感器元件是碳纤维为传感基材的高精度长标距应变传感元件，其标距长度为50厘米到2米之间。
所述第一锚固段和第二锚固段的长度为第二长标距碳纤维应变传感元件的标距长度十分之一以上，其末端宽度为第二长标距碳纤维应变传感元件宽度的五倍以上。
所述第一隔离膜、第二隔离膜和第三隔离膜为具有耐腐蚀性、防水性，以及延展性良好的绝缘薄膜。
所述第一锚固段和第二锚固段是由玻璃、玄武岩纤维连续的高强度绝缘纤维材料与树脂含浸固化后构成。
所述第二长标距碳纤维应变传感元件包括实现沿纤维方向应变测量的一根长标距碳纤维应变传感芯线或利用长标距碳纤维应变传感器芯线的几何关系计算纤维法线方向变形的 多根长标距碳纤维应变传感芯线。
本发明还采用如下技术方案：一种长标距碳纤维应变传感器件的测试方法，包括如下步骤：
第一步：安装长标距碳纤维应变传感器件，首先在需要监测或检测的结构对象表面涂抹适量树脂，然后依次对多组前述任意一项权利要求中所述的长标距碳纤维应变传感器件的第一锚固段和第二锚固段导入适当的张拉后，将长标距碳纤维应变传感器件分布式布置于涂抹了树脂的结构对象上，待树脂完全固化后撤去张拉，完成长标距碳纤维应变传感器件安装；
第二步：搭建测试电桥，将上述第一步安装完成的长标距碳纤维应变传感器件通过第一并联接头和第二并联接头并联后，再与2个电阻作为电桥桥臂构成测量电路，之后接入恒定电源；
第三步：信号计测，根据上述第二步搭建的测量电路，分别将各个长标距碳纤维应变传感器件的测量接头接入数据采集器，获得各个长标距碳纤维应变传感器件对应的桥间信号变化，并计算对应的应变。
本发明所述的技术方案的有益效果是：
(1).实现了长标距碳纤维应变传感元件的长期监测，通过具有稳定化学性质的传感基材以及封装材料，解决了在长期监测中温度和湿度对长标距碳纤维应变传感元件影响的问题，提高了传感器件耐久性；
(2).实现了大型结构的应变监测和检测时多组传感器件分布布设和测量，简化多组传感器件同步测量的电桥布置程序，提高了实际操作性能。
(3).作为工作片的第二长标距碳纤维应变传感器元件的芯线为多根；利用高耐久性封装层对多根长标距碳纤维应变传感器芯线进行平行封装；封装的多根长标距碳纤维应变传感器芯线都分别与同一个锚固段连接；可以实现沿纤维轴向方向的应变测量的同时，也可以利 用高感度长标距化碳纤维应变传感芯线的几何关系计算纤维法线方向的变形，满足在复杂测量条件下长期应变监测的要求。
附图说明
图1是本发明的长标距碳纤维应变传感器件内部的长标距碳纤维应变传感元件和电极的示意图。
图2是本发明的长标距碳纤维应变传感器件的俯视图。
图3是本发明的长标距碳纤维应变传感器件内补偿片、工作片以及隔离膜位置示意图。
图4是本发明的长标距碳纤维应变传感器件的端部俯视图。
图5是本发明的长标距碳纤维应变传感器件剖面图。
图6是本发明的长标距碳纤维应变传感器件左侧锚固段剖面图。
图7是本发明的长标距碳纤维应变传感器件右侧锚固段剖面图。
图8是多组本发明的长标距碳纤维应变传感器件的测试电路布设图。
图9是本发明的长标距碳纤维应变传感器件的循环加载实验装置图。
图10是多根长标距碳纤维应变传感器元件封装的本发明的长标距碳纤维应变传感器件的测试电路布设图。
其中：
1-第一长标距碳纤维应变传感元件；2-第二长标距碳纤维应变传感元件；3-第一隔离膜；4-第二隔离膜；5-第三隔离膜；6-测量接头；7-第一锚固段；8-第二锚固段；9-第一并联接头；10-第二并联接头；11-电阻；12-数据采集器；13-夹具；14-弹性张拉试件；15-应变片；16-电子温度传感器；17-循环张拉试验机。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行详细说明：
如图1至图3所示，本发明长标距碳纤维应变传感器件包括：两组具有相同几何尺寸的长度为50厘米到2米的第一长标距碳纤维应变传感元件1和第二长标距碳纤维应变传感元件2，三层隔离膜3、4、5(该三层隔离膜分别定义为第一隔离膜3、第二隔离膜4及第三隔离膜5)，一个测量接头6，两个锚固段7、8(该两个锚固段分别定义为第一锚固段7和第二锚固段8)和两个并联接头9、10(该两个并联接头分别定义为第一并联接头9和第二并联接头10)组成，并按顺序整体封装而成。其中第一长标距碳纤维应变传感元件1和第二长标距碳纤维应变传感元件2具有相同的应变灵敏度系数和热敏系数，其标距长度为50厘米到2米之间，并有不同长度的电极端。
其中第一长标距碳纤维应变传感元件1和第二长标距碳纤维应变传感元件2各有一端分别通过电极连接第一并联接头9和第二并联接头10，其另一端通过导线串联连接测量接头6。其中所述的第一长标距碳纤维应变传感器元件1和第二长标距碳纤维应变传感器元件2通过测量接头6和第一并联接头9及第二并联接头10接入测量电桥中。其中第一长标距碳纤维应变传感元件1作为补偿片，第二长标距碳纤维应变传感元件2作为工作片。其中用于工作片的第二长标距碳纤维应变传感元件2包括至少一根传感芯线，第一长标距碳纤维应变传感元件1的电极端长度小于第二长标距碳纤维应变传感元件2的电极端长度。
其中第一长标距碳纤维应变传感器元件1位于第一隔离膜3和第二隔离膜4之间，并可以在其之间自由变形；第二长标距碳纤维应变传感器元件2位于第二隔离膜4和第三隔离膜5之间，并可以在其之间自由变形。
如图1至图3并结合图4所示，本发明第一锚固段7和第二锚固段8的一端与第二长标距碳纤维应变传感元件2等宽度，并通过树脂锚固粘结，其另一端呈放射状散开。
如图1至图4并结合图5至图7所示，本发明第一锚固段7和第二锚固段8将测量接头6和第一并联接头9及第二并联接头10的接头处完全封装在内，用于保护传感器件电极。 其中第二长标距碳纤维应变传感器元件2通过第一锚固段7和第二锚固段8与测量对象粘结；所述第一长标距碳纤维应变传感元件1通过所述第一隔离膜3和第二隔离膜4与所述第二长标距碳纤维应变传感器元件2一体化。
本发明第一锚固段7和第二8的长度为第二长标距碳纤维应变传感元件2的标距长度十分之一以上，其末端宽度为第二长标距碳纤维应变传感元件2宽度的五倍以上。
本发明第一隔离膜3、第二隔离膜4及第三隔离膜5为具有耐腐蚀性、防水性，以及延展性良好的绝缘薄膜。
本发明第一锚固段7和第二锚固段8是由如玻璃、玄武岩纤维等连续的高强度绝缘纤维材料与树脂含浸固化后构成。
本发明技术方案可以实现长标距碳纤维传感元件关于温度、湿度等环境因素的自补偿效果。
如图1至图10所示，将多组本发明的长标距碳纤维应变传感器件通过第一并联接头9和第二联接头10并联后，再与2个电阻11作为电桥桥臂构成测量电路，接入恒定电源；之后分别将各个长标距碳纤维应变传感器件的测量接头6接入数据采集器，获得各个长标距碳纤维应变传感器件对应的桥间信号变化，并计算对应的应变。
多组本发明的长标距碳纤维应变传感器件的分布测试方法，包括如下步骤：
第一步：安装长标距碳纤维应变传感器件，首先在需要监测或检测的结构对象表面涂抹适量树脂，然后依次对多组前述的长标距碳纤维应变传感器件的第一锚固段7和第二锚固段8导入适当的张拉后，将传感器件分布式布置于涂抹了树脂的结构对象上，待树脂完全固化后撤去张拉，完成传感器件安装；
第二步：搭建测试电桥，将上述第一步安装完成的长标距碳纤维应变传感器件通过第一并联接头9和第二并联接头10并联后，再与2个电阻作为电桥桥臂构成测量电路，之后接 入恒定电源；
第三步：信号计测，根据上述第二步搭建的测量电路，分别将各个传感器件的测量接头6接入数据采集器，获得各个传感器件对应的桥间信号变化，并计算对应的应变值。
下面结合两个具体的实施例，具体来阐述本发明长标距碳纤维应变传感器件：
实例例一
在对于5根标距长为500毫米的本发明的长标距碳纤维应变传感器件的长期循环加载试验中可看出，其实验装置图如图9所示。尽管在一天的循环中温度呈现上下波动，但获得信号并没有随之变化而是真实的反应了荷载的变化，整个循环中获得的信号的线性非常好，并且各个传感器获得信号一致性良好。
实例例二
在对于2根标距长为500毫米的本发明的长标距碳纤维应变传感器件的分别置于加热箱内进行干燥加热和在带温控装置的水槽内进行水浴加热试验中可看出，尽管2根传感器件分别处于不同的湿度环境，但获得信号并没有明显的差别，加热的温度上限为70摄氏度，达到了树脂的玻璃化温度，树脂的非线性形变会影响碳纤维传感元件的热敏系数，但长标距封装碳纤维应变传感器件实现了均一变形，并没有受到明显的影响。因此，本发明的传感器件适合在不同温度和湿度条件下，对结构进行长期监测。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下还可以作出若干改进，这些改进也应视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种长标距碳纤维应变传感器件，其特征在于：所述传感器件包括两组具有相同几何尺寸的第一长标距碳纤维应变传感元件(1)和第二长标距碳纤维应变传感元件(2)以及第一隔离膜(3)，第二隔离膜(4)，第三隔离膜(5)，一个测量接头(6)，第一锚固段(7)，第二锚固段(8)和第一并联接头(9)和第二并联接头(10)，所述第一长标距碳纤维应变传感元件(1)和第二长标距碳纤维应变传感元件(2)各有一端分别通过电极连接所述第一并联接头(9)和第二并联接头(10)，其另一端通过导线串联连接测量接头(6)，所述第一长标距碳纤维应变传感器元件(1)位于第一隔离膜(3)和第二隔离膜(4)之间，所述第二长标距碳纤维应变传感器元件(2)位于第二隔离膜(4)和第三隔离膜(5)之间，所述第一长标距碳纤维应变传感元件(1)和第二长标距碳纤维应变传感元件(2)具有相同的应变灵敏度系数和热敏系数。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种长标距碳纤维应变传感器件，其特征在于：所述第一长标距碳纤维应变传感器元件(1)和第二长标距碳纤维应变传感器元件(2)通过所述测量接头(6)和第一并联接头(9)和第二并联接头(10)接入测量电桥中，其中第一长标距碳纤维应变传感元件(1)作为补偿片，第二长标距碳纤维应变传感元件(2)作为工作片。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种长标距碳纤维应变传感器件，其特征在于：所述第一长标距碳纤维应变传感元件(1)的电极端长度小于第二长标距碳纤维应变传感元件(2)的电极端长度。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的一种长标距碳纤维应变传感器件，其特征在于：所述第一长标距碳纤维应变传感器元件(1)位于第一隔离膜(3)和第二隔离膜(4)之间自由变形；所述第二长标距碳纤维应变传感器元件(2)位于第二隔离膜(4)和第三隔离膜(5)之间自由变形。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种长标距碳纤维应变传感器件，其特征在于：所述第一锚固段(7)和第二锚固段(8)的一端与第二长标距碳纤维应变传感元件(2)等宽度，并通过树脂锚固粘结，其另一端呈放射状散开。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种长标距碳纤维应变传感器件，其特征在于：所述第一锚固段(7)和第二锚固段(8)将测量接头(6)和第一并联接头(9)和第二并联接头(10)的接头处完全封装在内用以保护传感器件电极。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的一种长标距碳纤维应变传感器件，其特征在于：所述第二长标距碳纤维应变传感器元件(2)通过所述第一锚固段(7)和第二锚固段(8)施加一定的预张拉后与测量对象粘结，所述第一长标距碳纤维应变传感元件(1)通过所述第一隔离膜(3)和第二隔离膜(4)与所述第二长标距碳纤维应变传感器元件(2)一体化。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的一种长标距碳纤维应变传感器件，其特征在于：所述第一锚固段(7)和第二锚固段(8)的长度为第二长标距碳纤维应变传感元件(2)的标距长度十分之一以上，其末端宽度为第二长标距碳纤维应变传感元件(2)宽度的五倍以上。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种长标距碳纤维应变传感器件，其特征在于：所述第二长标距碳纤维应变传感元件(2)包括实现沿纤维方向应变测量的一根长标距碳纤维应变传感芯线或利用长标距碳纤维应变传感器芯线的几何关系计算纤维法线方向变形的多根长标距碳纤维应变传感芯线。
  10. 一种如前述任意一项所述的长标距碳纤维应变传感器件的测试方法，包括如下步骤：
    第一步：安装长标距碳纤维应变传感器件，首先在需要监测或检测的结构对象表面涂抹适量树脂，然后依次对多组前述任意一项权利要求中所述的长标距碳纤维应变传感器件的第一锚固段(7)和第二锚固段(8)导入适当的张拉后，将长标距碳纤维应变传感器件分布式布置于涂抹了树脂的结构对象上，待树脂完全固化后撤去张拉，完成长标距碳纤维应变传 感器件安装；
    第二步：搭建测试电桥，将上述第一步安装完成的长标距碳纤维应变传感器件通过第一并联接头(9)和第二并联接头(10)并联后，再与2个电阻(11)作为电桥桥臂构成测量电路，之后接入恒定电源；
    第三步：信号计测，根据上述第二步搭建的测量电路，分别将各个长标距碳纤维应变传感器件的测量接头(6)接入数据采集器(12)，获得各个长标距碳纤维应变传感器件对应的桥间信号变化，并计算对应的应变。
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