WO2015028691A1 - Support crossbeam for a work platform - Google Patents

Support crossbeam for a work platform Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015028691A1
WO2015028691A1 PCT/ES2014/070649 ES2014070649W WO2015028691A1 WO 2015028691 A1 WO2015028691 A1 WO 2015028691A1 ES 2014070649 W ES2014070649 W ES 2014070649W WO 2015028691 A1 WO2015028691 A1 WO 2015028691A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
strut
main body
crossbar
holes
flat portions
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2014/070649
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Pedro Xammar Bove
German Ardila Lopez
Original Assignee
Inveral, S.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Inveral, S.A. filed Critical Inveral, S.A.
Priority to MX2016002431A priority Critical patent/MX2016002431A/en
Publication of WO2015028691A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015028691A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G1/00—Scaffolds primarily resting on the ground
    • E04G1/15—Scaffolds primarily resting on the ground essentially comprising special means for supporting or forming platforms; Platforms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G7/00—Connections between parts of the scaffold
    • E04G7/30—Scaffolding bars or members with non-detachably fixed coupling elements
    • E04G7/34—Scaffolding bars or members with non-detachably fixed coupling elements with coupling elements using positive engagement, e.g. hooks or pins
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/36—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings
    • E04G11/48—Supporting structures for shutterings or frames for floors or roofs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/36—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings
    • E04G11/48—Supporting structures for shutterings or frames for floors or roofs
    • E04G11/50—Girders, beams, or the like as supporting members for forms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G25/00—Shores or struts; Chocks
    • E04G25/04—Shores or struts; Chocks telescopic
    • E04G25/06—Shores or struts; Chocks telescopic with parts held together by positive means
    • E04G25/061—Shores or struts; Chocks telescopic with parts held together by positive means by pins
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G5/00—Component parts or accessories for scaffolds
    • E04G5/06—Consoles; Brackets
    • E04G5/067—Consoles; Brackets specially adapted for attachment to posts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G7/00—Connections between parts of the scaffold
    • E04G7/30—Scaffolding bars or members with non-detachably fixed coupling elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/36—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings
    • E04G11/48—Supporting structures for shutterings or frames for floors or roofs
    • E04G11/50—Girders, beams, or the like as supporting members for forms
    • E04G2011/505—Girders, beams, or the like as supporting members for forms with nailable or screwable inserts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a support cross member of a work platform used in construction sites, such as those found on scaffolding or in structures to access the structural elements for its assembly, formwork or formwork, basically formed by wooden boards or metal panels.
  • the support cross member comprises an oblong main body attachable at least one of its ends to a strut of which there may be in the work as a component of a formwork system for the support of the formwork structure.
  • the crossbar In the operative support position of the work platform, that is, in the position in which the crossbar receives the support of the platform and in which the operator can work on said platform, the crossbar is arranged in a direction perpendicular to that mentioned strut to which the main body is coupled by one of its ends.
  • a structural element beams, slabs, pillars, etc.
  • Such tasks include, for example, placing the assembly of the structural element, arranging the different formwork elements or panels and supporting them by means of struts, tripods or formwork, concreting, removing the formwork elements in different phases and finishing works of the structural element
  • To carry out the aforementioned operations it is necessary that the workers of the work have working platforms on which to climb, placed near the structural element to have access to the different parts of it.
  • Work platforms are usually basically made of wooden boards or metal panels that offer sufficient strength as to support the weight of one or more operators.
  • easels or scaffolding are optionally provided with auxiliary brackets as a cantilever extension if certain areas cannot be accessed directly from the scaffold.
  • the stands are designed to support work platforms located at a relatively low level and do not offer all the desirable stability so that operators can move from one side of the platform to the other and perform their tasks safely.
  • these carry a large number of horizontal and vertical bars as well as diagonal braces that require specialized personnel for assembly.
  • the cost of placing a scaffold is hardly justified if the objective is simply to support a work platform located at a considerable height.
  • the scaffolding placed next to the structural element on which to perform the tasks represents an important volume especially if the structural element, for example a hanging beam, is of great length, so the scaffolding will be a real obstacle to free movement of work personnel and transportation of work material from one place to another.
  • a support element for a work platform that is simple and quick to assemble and disassemble, which allows operators to have comfortable and safe access to the structural element on which to work while on the platform, at the same time that said support element does not suppose a real interference or obstacle in the surroundings of the work.
  • a support crossbar of a work platform such as those found on scaffolding or in structures to access the structural elements for its assembly, formwork or formwork.
  • the crossbar comprises an oblong main body that can be coupled at least one of its ends to a strut and which is arranged in an operative support position. in the direction perpendicular to said strut.
  • Said strut can be one of the components of a complete formwork system in which it acts as a support for the formwork structure itself.
  • the crossbar is characterized in that at the coupling end to the strut the crossbar comprises a fork with two parallel arms extending below and beyond the end of the main body obliquely thereto, said arms comprising respective flat end portions crossed by two through holes in correspondence with the facing through holes of which a strut for height adjustment is provided.
  • the internal separation distance between the two flat portions is equal to or greater than the diameter of a strut plus the thickness of one of said flat portions so that the same strut can receive in the same pair of its facing holes the coupling of two arranged crossbars symmetrically with respect to the strut.
  • the through holes of the flat portions are aligned along an imaginary axis of rotation around which the crossbar is capable of tilting with respect to a strut when the crossbar is in a mounting position, prior to the position operating support, in which a section of the strut is located between the two flat portions with their holes facing in superposition with the through holes of the flat portions.
  • the cross member can comprise a coupling pin to the strut configured to pass through the flat portions of the fork through its through holes provided therein, the pivot cross member being able with respect to a strut in a position of assembly, prior to the operative support position, in which a section of a strut is arranged between the two flat portions with the through holes of the flat portions superimposed with a pair of the facing holes of the strut and the pin being inserted through the flat portions and the strut arranged between them.
  • a protective stop is provided at the end of the oblong main body through which the crossbar is attachable to a strut by the fork.
  • the protection stop can be made of wood or a plastic material. Because according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the main body is formed by a metal profile, the protection stop will prevent the end of said metal profile from damaging the surface of the strut that can be coupled to said end through the fork .
  • the oblong main body is formed by a profile comprising in its interior a filling element that is at least partially exposed by the upper face of the main body.
  • the aforementioned protective stop may be formed by an extension of the inner filling element beyond the end of the profile that constitutes the oblong main body.
  • the inner filling material of the profile of the main body is wood or any material capable of being nailed to the board of a work platform supported by the crossbar, whereby the protective stop may be formed by the same wood inside the interior of the main body profile.
  • the oblong main body can be formed by a metallic tubular profile whose upper face has die-cut sections that expose the filling material, that is, the wood, so that the work platform boards that support the crossbar can be nailed the same.
  • the fork comprises a portion of a U-shaped profile consisting of a base and two extensions or arms perpendicular thereto.
  • the base of the U-shaped profile is attached to the first end of the oblong main body (the end attachable to a strut) forming a surface perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the main body and for its part, each extension of the U-profile it is connected without continuity solution to a respective flat end portion of the fork, so that the internal separation distance between the extensions is the same internal separation distance between the two flat portions.
  • the crossbar comprises a pivot that protrudes inferiorly and in a direction perpendicular to the lower face of the main body of the crossbar.
  • the pivot is located at a certain distance from the first end of the main body and is configured to be inserted into the upper end of another strut or a tripod in the operative support position, so that the crossbar is articulatedly coupled to a first strut by the fork provided at the first end and supported on another section separated from said first end on a second strut or tripod by the pivot, the first main body remaining in a horizontal position and perpendicular to the two struts or the first strut and the tripod.
  • the crossbar comprises a hollow tubular portion with open upper and lower ends, arranged perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the main body and whose hollow It is configured to accommodate the mast of a bodyguard or other accessory safety element for operators who may be on the work platform that rests on the crossbar.
  • the tubular portion is provided on two opposite sides of each flat tongue each with a respective through hole to allow coupling of the end of an aplomador.
  • the distance between the pivot and the second end of the main body is less than the distance between the pivot and the first coupling end to the strut.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the crossbar object of the invention
  • Fig. 2 is an elevational view of the crossbar of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a top view of the crossbar of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 is a perspective view of two crossbars like those of Fig. 1 coupled to the same first strut, both crossbars being in a mounting position prior to the operating support position;
  • Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the assembly shown in Fig. 4 with the difference that the right cross member is in the operative support position; Y
  • Fig. 6 is a top view of the detail of the coupling between the first strut and the crossbars of Fig. 4, with the difference that the two crossbars are in the operative support position.
  • a support cross member 10 of a work platform (not shown in the drawings) is shown, such as those found on scaffolding or in structures to access the structural elements of a work and on which the operators of works are placed to perform the tasks of placing irons in the assembly of beams and floors, formwork and formwork, etc.
  • These platforms are usually basically made of wooden boards or metal panels.
  • the cross member 10 comprises an oblong main body 1, formed by a metallic tubular profile of rectangular cross-section.
  • the upper face of the cross member 10 shown has die-cut sections that reveal the filling material 7 that occupies the interior of the tubular profile.
  • the filling material 7 is preferably wood, which makes it possible to easily nail the work platform boards to the crossbar 10 and thus ensure the stability of the assembly for the benefit of the workers of the work.
  • the cross member 10 also comprises a fork 3 and a hollow tubular portion 9 with open ends, located respectively at a first end 1 1 and a second end 12 of the main body 1.
  • the fork 3 comprises two parallel arms extending below and beyond the first end 1 1 of the main body 1 obliquely thereto.
  • the fork is formed by a portion of a U-shaped profile 30 constituted by a base and two extensions perpendicular thereto, in which the base is attached to the first end 1 1 of the main body 1 forming a surface perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of said main body 1.
  • each extension of said U-shaped profile portion 30 is connected without continuity solution to a respective flat end portion 4 provided with a corresponding through hole 2.
  • both flat portions 4 constitute the end part of the arms parallel of the fork 3.
  • the fork 3 allows the coupling of the cross member 10 to a first strut 13 which can be part of a formwork system for the support of the beams or slab formwork panels or boards.
  • the fork 3 is intended to be articulated to the upper shaft of the strut 13, and in particular to a pair of the facing through holes of which said rod is provided for the regulation of the height of the strut 13.
  • Figs. 4 to 6 the coupling of two crossbars 10 and 10 'to the upper shaft of the same strut 13 by their respective forks 3 and 3' has been shown.
  • the crossbar 10 For mounting the crossbar 10 on a strut 13 as mentioned, the flat portions 4 with their corresponding through holes 2 aligned or overlapped with a pair of facing holes facing the upper shaft of the strut 13 must be placed and then introduce a pin 5 safety through overlapping through holes.
  • the cross member 10 In this mounting position, the cross member 10 is tiltable with respect to the strut 13, being able to rotate around an imaginary axis formed by the alignment of the through holes 2, and therefore around the axial axis of the safety pin 5 that crosses them .
  • the tilting capacity of the crossbar 10, 10 'with respect to the strut 13 to which it is coupled is shown in Figs. 4 and 5.
  • the pin 5 forms part of the cross member 10, 10' as one of its components, and is particularly connected by means of a cable to the fork 3, to prevent its loss.
  • Fig. 6 it can be seen that the internal separation distance between the two flat portions 4 of a crossbar 10 is equal to or slightly greater than the diameter of a strut 13 plus the thickness of one of said flat portions 4, so that the same strut 13 can receive in the same pair of its facing holes the coupling of two crossbars 10, 10 'arranged symmetrically with respect to the strut 13.
  • the pin 5 that passes through said through holes 2, 2 ' has not been shown to show precisely the overlap of the through holes 2, 2' of the flat portions 4, 4 'of the crossbars 10, 10' and of the through holes facing strut 13.
  • the cross member 10 In order for the cross member 10 to be used to support a work platform, it must be placed in its operative support position, in which the main body 1 remains in a horizontal position, with its longitudinal axis perpendicular to the axial axis of the strut 13 to which it is coupled by the fork 3 provided at the first end 1 1 of the main body 1.
  • Fig. 5 it is the crossbar 10 which is in the operative support position, unlike the crossbar 10 'which still remains in the mounting position. The steps to follow to reach the operational position are explained below.
  • the cross member 10 comprises a pivot 8 that protrudes perpendicularly from the lower face of the main body 1 and is located in the vicinity of the second end 12.
  • This pivot 8 is configured so that the assembler or operator can insert it through the upper opening of the upper shaft of another strut 14 or of a tripod (shown in Fig. 5) and so that the crossbar 10 is supported on said strut 14, separated from the first strut 13 keeping the main body 1 in a horizontal position.
  • the assembler will have to conveniently adjust the height of the second strut 14 or the tripod. Once the height adjustment has been made, the assembler will be able to place the work platform on the main body 1 of the crossbar 10 and nail the platform board to the wood that is exposed by the punched sections of the profile of the main body 1 .
  • the work platform is of another type, without a wooden board and instead is completely metallic, like the gateways of some scaffolding.
  • This type of metal platforms usually of rectangular base, are usually provided in their transverse edges with a plurality of horizontal flat metal tabs with bent down endings for fixing to the crossbars.
  • the tabs of one of the transverse edges of the platform will rest on the upper face of the main body 1 of the crossbar 10 and its folded ends will be on the other side of the main body 1 so that if there is a horizontal movement of the platform in the direction perpendicular to the crossbar 10 (in the longitudinal direction of the platform), the folded ends run against the side face of the platform.
  • the main body 1 of the cross member 10 comprises, in the end zone near the first end 1 1, separators 15 formed by two metal strips each consisting of a first flat section, flush with the upper face of the main body 1 and one end bent down, said end being the opposite of the fork 3.
  • the spacers 15 establish a placement limit for the metal flanges of the platform, to establish a safety separation between the platform and the strut 13 to which it is coupled by the fork 3 and thus avoid that when placing the platform the strut 13 can be hit.
  • each cross member 10 comprises, at the second end 12 of the main body 1, a hollow tubular portion 9 with open upper and lower ends.
  • This tubular portion 9 is arranged vertically, that is, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the main body 1.
  • the hollow of the tubular portion 9 is configured to accommodate the mast of a bodyguard or other accessory safety element for operators who may be on the work platform that is supported by the crossbar 10.
  • tubular portion 9 is provided on opposite sides of two flat tongues 90 provided with two through holes 91 to allow the coupling of the end of a plumber (not shown), to collaborate, if deemed appropriate, in the load distribution and contribute to the permanence of the horizontality of the main body 1 in the operative support position.
  • the crossbar 10 With a stop 6 of protection at the first end 1 1 of the main body.
  • said protection stop 6 is made of wood or a soft material, such as some plastics, which due to its intrinsic characteristics does not have the ability to scratch the metal from which the struts 13 are made.
  • the filling material 7 preferably wood
  • the filling material 7 occupying the interior of the metal profile of the main body 1 protrudes through the first end 1 1 of the profile of the main body 1, so that said extension of the filling element 7 constitutes itself the 6 protection stop.
  • a thickness of the stop 6 approximately 3 mm is sufficient for the protection of the strut 13.
  • the protection stop 6 is shown in Fig. 6 in contact with the outer surface of the upper rod of the strut 13. Thanks to its characteristics, the crossbar 10 described above allows a series of work platforms to be located very close to the elements on which the operators have to perform their tasks, facilitating their work and increasing their safety.
  • crossbars 10 can be coupled to the struts 13 whose placement is already provided as part of a complete formwork system is a great advantage since it is not necessary to have bulky scaffolds just to be able to position the platforms.
  • Another advantage is that the fork 3 of the cross member 10 allows its coupling at different heights, since use is made of the plurality of facing facing holes arranged along the upper shaft of the struts 13, so that the operators can carry Perform more precise work by having access to virtually any height.
  • the coupling of the crossbar 10 to the strut 13 is simple and quick to perform, so mounting the platforms does not require specialization and the same platform can be mounted on different parts of the different struts 13 that support the formwork of a structural element, depending on the place precise where the operator needs to perform the tasks at all times.

Abstract

Support crossbeam (10) for a platform for accessing structural elements of a construction site. It comprises an oblong main body (1) that can be coupled at least by one of its ends (11, 12) to a shoring prop (13), and which in operating position is arranged in a direction perpendicular to the shoring prop (13). At said end (11), the crossbeam (10) comprises a fork (3) with two parallel arms that extend obliquely below the end of the main body. Said arms comprise respective flat portions (4) crossed by two through-holes (2) that match up with the height-regulating holes of the shoring prop. The internal separation distance between the flat portions (4) is equal to or greater than the diameter of the shoring prop (13) plus the thickness of one flat portion (4). Therefore, one single shoring prop (13) can receive, in a single pair of holes, the coupling of two crossbeams (10) arranged symmetrically with respect to the shoring prop (13).

Description

D E S C R I P C I O N  D E S C R I P C I O N
"Travesaño de soporte de una plataforma de trabajo" Sector técnico de la invención "Support crossbar of a work platform" Technical sector of the invention
La presente invención se refiere a un travesaño de soporte de una plataforma de trabajo de las utilizadas en obras de construcción, como las que se encuentran en andamios o en estructuras para acceder a los elementos estructurales para su armado, encofrado o desencofrado, básicamente formadas por tableros de madera o plafones metálicos.  The present invention relates to a support cross member of a work platform used in construction sites, such as those found on scaffolding or in structures to access the structural elements for its assembly, formwork or formwork, basically formed by wooden boards or metal panels.
El travesaño de soporte comprende un cuerpo principal oblongo acoplable al menos por uno de sus extremos a un puntal de los que puede haber en la obra como componente de un sistema de encofrado para el soporte de la estructura del encofrado. En la posición operativa de soporte de la plataforma de trabajo, es decir, en la posición en la que el travesaño recibe el apoyo de la plataforma y en la que el operario puede trabajar sobre dicha plataforma, el travesaño está dispuesto en dirección perpendicular al mencionado puntal al que el cuerpo principal está acoplado por uno de sus extremos. The support cross member comprises an oblong main body attachable at least one of its ends to a strut of which there may be in the work as a component of a formwork system for the support of the formwork structure. In the operative support position of the work platform, that is, in the position in which the crossbar receives the support of the platform and in which the operator can work on said platform, the crossbar is arranged in a direction perpendicular to that mentioned strut to which the main body is coupled by one of its ends.
Antecedentes de la invención Background of the invention
Para la construcción en obra de un elemento estructural (vigas, forjados, pilares, etc.) los operarios deben realizar múltiples y distintas tareas en distintos tramos de dicho elemento. Entre dichas tareas se contempla por ejemplo, colocar el armado del elemento estructural, disponer los distintos elementos o paneles de encofrado y el soporte de éstos mediante puntales, trípodes o cimbras, hormigonar, retirar los elementos de encofrado en distintas fases y trabajos de acabado del elemento estructural. Para llevar a cabo las citadas operaciones es necesario que los operarios de la obra dispongan de unas plataformas de trabajo sobre las que subirse, colocadas cerca del elemento estructural para tener acceso a las distintas partes del mismo. For the construction of a structural element (beams, slabs, pillars, etc.), the operators must perform multiple and different tasks in different sections of said element. Such tasks include, for example, placing the assembly of the structural element, arranging the different formwork elements or panels and supporting them by means of struts, tripods or formwork, concreting, removing the formwork elements in different phases and finishing works of the structural element To carry out the aforementioned operations it is necessary that the workers of the work have working platforms on which to climb, placed near the structural element to have access to the different parts of it.
Las plataformas de trabajo suelen estar formadas básicamente por tablas de madera o por plafones metálicos que ofrecen la resistencia suficiente como para soportar el peso de uno o varios operarios. Para soportar a su vez estas plataformas de trabajo se utilizan caballetes o andamios opcionalmente provistos con ménsulas auxiliares como prolongación en voladizo si no se puede acceder directamente a determinadas zonas desde el andamio. Work platforms are usually basically made of wooden boards or metal panels that offer sufficient strength as to support the weight of one or more operators. To support these work platforms in turn, easels or scaffolding are optionally provided with auxiliary brackets as a cantilever extension if certain areas cannot be accessed directly from the scaffold.
Los caballetes están pensados para soportar plataformas de trabajo situadas a un nivel relativamente bajo y no ofrecen toda la estabilidad deseable para que los operarios puedan moverse de un lado para otro de la plataforma y realizar sus tareas con total seguridad. En relación a la disposición de andamios, éstos conllevan un gran número de barras horizontales y verticales así como de tirantes en diagonal que requieren personal especializado para su montaje. El coste que conlleva la colocación de un andamio difícilmente queda justificado si el objetivo es simplemente el de dar soporte a una plataforma de trabajo situada a una altura considerable. Además, el andamio colocado junto al elemento estructural sobre el que realizar las tareas representa un volumen importante sobre todo si el elemento estructural, por ejemplo una viga de cuelgue, es de gran longitud, por lo que el andamio supondrá un verdadero obstáculo para el libre movimiento del personal de la obra y transporte de material de obra de un lugar a otro. The stands are designed to support work platforms located at a relatively low level and do not offer all the desirable stability so that operators can move from one side of the platform to the other and perform their tasks safely. In relation to the arrangement of scaffolding, these carry a large number of horizontal and vertical bars as well as diagonal braces that require specialized personnel for assembly. The cost of placing a scaffold is hardly justified if the objective is simply to support a work platform located at a considerable height. In addition, the scaffolding placed next to the structural element on which to perform the tasks represents an important volume especially if the structural element, for example a hanging beam, is of great length, so the scaffolding will be a real obstacle to free movement of work personnel and transportation of work material from one place to another.
Por estos motivos, sería deseable proporcionar un elemento de soporte para una plataforma de trabajo que sea sencillo y rápido de montar y desmontar, que permita a los operarios tener un acceso cómodo y seguro al elemento estructural sobre el que trabajar mientras están sobre la plataforma, al mismo tiempo que dicho elemento de soporte no suponga una verdadera interferencia u obstáculo en el entorno de la obra. For these reasons, it would be desirable to provide a support element for a work platform that is simple and quick to assemble and disassemble, which allows operators to have comfortable and safe access to the structural element on which to work while on the platform, at the same time that said support element does not suppose a real interference or obstacle in the surroundings of the work.
Explicación de la invención Explanation of the invention.
Con objeto de aportar una solución a los problemas planteados, se da a conocer un travesaño de soporte de una plataforma de trabajo como las que se encuentran en andamios o en estructuras para acceder a los elementos estructurales para su armado, encofrado o desencofrado. El travesaño comprende un cuerpo principal oblongo acoplable al menos por uno de sus extremos a un puntal y que en una posición operativa de soporte está dispuesto en dirección perpendicular a dicho puntal. Dicho puntal puede ser uno de los componentes de un sistema de encofrado completo en el que actúa como soporte de la propia estructura encofradora. En esencia, el travesaño se caracteriza porque en el extremo de acoplamiento al puntal el travesaño comprende una horquilla con dos brazos paralelos que se extienden por debajo y más allá del extremo del cuerpo principal en dirección oblicua al mismo, comprendiendo dichos brazos respectivas porciones planas extremas atravesadas por sendos orificios pasantes en correspondencia con los orificios pasantes enfrentados de los que está provisto un puntal para su regulación en altura. La distancia de separación interior entre las dos porciones planas es igual o superior al diámetro de un puntal más el espesor de una de dichas porciones planas de modo que un mismo puntal puede recibir en un mismo par de sus orificios enfrentados el acoplamiento de dos travesaños dispuestos simétricamente con respecto del puntal. In order to provide a solution to the problems raised, a support crossbar of a work platform such as those found on scaffolding or in structures to access the structural elements for its assembly, formwork or formwork is disclosed. The crossbar comprises an oblong main body that can be coupled at least one of its ends to a strut and which is arranged in an operative support position. in the direction perpendicular to said strut. Said strut can be one of the components of a complete formwork system in which it acts as a support for the formwork structure itself. In essence, the crossbar is characterized in that at the coupling end to the strut the crossbar comprises a fork with two parallel arms extending below and beyond the end of the main body obliquely thereto, said arms comprising respective flat end portions crossed by two through holes in correspondence with the facing through holes of which a strut for height adjustment is provided. The internal separation distance between the two flat portions is equal to or greater than the diameter of a strut plus the thickness of one of said flat portions so that the same strut can receive in the same pair of its facing holes the coupling of two arranged crossbars symmetrically with respect to the strut.
Según otra característica de la invención, los orificios pasantes de las porciones planas están alineados según un eje de giro imaginario alrededor del cual el travesaño es susceptible de bascular con respecto de un puntal cuando el travesaño está en una posición de montaje, previa a la posición operativa de soporte, en la que un tramo del puntal está situado entre las dos porciones planas con sus orificios enfrentados en superposición con los orificios pasantes de las porciones planas. According to another feature of the invention, the through holes of the flat portions are aligned along an imaginary axis of rotation around which the crossbar is capable of tilting with respect to a strut when the crossbar is in a mounting position, prior to the position operating support, in which a section of the strut is located between the two flat portions with their holes facing in superposition with the through holes of the flat portions.
De acuerdo con otra característica de la invención, el travesaño puede comprender un pasador de acoplamiento al puntal configurado para atravesar las porciones planas de la horquilla por sus orificios pasantes provistos en las mismas, pudiendo el travesaño bascular con respecto de un puntal en una posición de montaje, previa a la posición operativa de soporte, en la que un tramo de un puntal está dispuesto entre las dos porciones planas con los orificios pasantes de las porciones planas superpuestos con un par de los orificios enfrentados del puntal y estando introducido el pasador atravesando las porciones planas y el puntal dispuesto entre las mismas. Conforme a otra característica de la invención, en el extremo del cuerpo principal oblongo por el que el travesaño es acoplable a un puntal mediante la horquilla, está provisto un tope de protección para evitar rozaduras por contacto directo del cuerpo principal con el puntal. El tope de protección puede ser de madera o de un material plástico. Debido a que según una realización preferida de la invención, el cuerpo principal está formado por un perfil metálico, el tope de protección impedirá que el extremo de dicho perfil metálico dañe la superficie del puntal que pueda estar acoplado a dicho extremo a través de la horquilla. In accordance with another feature of the invention, the cross member can comprise a coupling pin to the strut configured to pass through the flat portions of the fork through its through holes provided therein, the pivot cross member being able with respect to a strut in a position of assembly, prior to the operative support position, in which a section of a strut is arranged between the two flat portions with the through holes of the flat portions superimposed with a pair of the facing holes of the strut and the pin being inserted through the flat portions and the strut arranged between them. According to another feature of the invention, at the end of the oblong main body through which the crossbar is attachable to a strut by the fork, a protective stop is provided to prevent chafing by direct contact of the main body with the strut. The protection stop can be made of wood or a plastic material. Because according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the main body is formed by a metal profile, the protection stop will prevent the end of said metal profile from damaging the surface of the strut that can be coupled to said end through the fork .
Según otra característica de la invención, el cuerpo principal oblongo está formado por un perfil que comprende en su interior un elemento de relleno que queda al menos parcialmente al descubierto por la cara superior del cuerpo principal. According to another characteristic of the invention, the oblong main body is formed by a profile comprising in its interior a filling element that is at least partially exposed by the upper face of the main body.
De hecho, el tope de protección antes mencionado puede estar formado por una extensión del elemento de relleno interior más allá del extremo del perfil que constituye el cuerpo principal oblongo. Preferiblemente, el material de relleno interior del perfil del cuerpo principal es madera o cualquier material susceptible de ser clavado al tablero de una plataforma de trabajo soportada por el travesaño, por lo que el tope de protección puede estar formado por la misma madera del interior del perfil del cuerpo principal. Así, el cuerpo principal oblongo puede estar formado por un perfil tubular metálico cuya cara superior presente tramos troquelados que dejen al descubierto el material de relleno, es decir, la madera, para que los tableros de la plataforma de trabajo que soporta el travesaño puedan clavarse al mismo. In fact, the aforementioned protective stop may be formed by an extension of the inner filling element beyond the end of the profile that constitutes the oblong main body. Preferably, the inner filling material of the profile of the main body is wood or any material capable of being nailed to the board of a work platform supported by the crossbar, whereby the protective stop may be formed by the same wood inside the interior of the main body profile. Thus, the oblong main body can be formed by a metallic tubular profile whose upper face has die-cut sections that expose the filling material, that is, the wood, so that the work platform boards that support the crossbar can be nailed the same.
De acuerdo con otra característica de la invención, la horquilla comprende una porción de perfil en forma de U constituida por una base y dos extensiones o brazos perpendiculares a la misma. La base del perfil en forma de U está unida al primer extremo del cuerpo principal oblongo (el extremo acoplable a un puntal) formando una superficie perpendicular a la dirección longitudinal del cuerpo principal y por su parte, cada extensión del perfil en U está unida sin solución de continuidad a una respectiva porción plana extrema de la horquilla, de modo que la distancia de separación interior entre las extensiones es la misma distancia de separación interior existente entre las dos porciones planas. According to another feature of the invention, the fork comprises a portion of a U-shaped profile consisting of a base and two extensions or arms perpendicular thereto. The base of the U-shaped profile is attached to the first end of the oblong main body (the end attachable to a strut) forming a surface perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the main body and for its part, each extension of the U-profile it is connected without continuity solution to a respective flat end portion of the fork, so that the internal separation distance between the extensions is the same internal separation distance between the two flat portions.
Conforme a otra característica de la invención, el travesaño comprende un pivote que sobresale inferiormente y en dirección perpendicular a la cara inferior del cuerpo principal del travesaño. El pivote está situado a cierta distancia del primer extremo del cuerpo principal y está configurado para ser introducido en el extremo superior de otro puntal o de un trípode en la posición operativa de soporte, de modo que el travesaño quede acoplado articuladamente a un primer puntal mediante la horquilla provista en el primer extremo y apoyado en otro tramo separado de dicho primer extremo en un segundo puntal o trípode mediante el pivote, permaneciendo el primer cuerpo principal en una posición horizontal y perpendicular a los dos puntales o al primer puntal y al trípode. According to another feature of the invention, the crossbar comprises a pivot that protrudes inferiorly and in a direction perpendicular to the lower face of the main body of the crossbar. The pivot is located at a certain distance from the first end of the main body and is configured to be inserted into the upper end of another strut or a tripod in the operative support position, so that the crossbar is articulatedly coupled to a first strut by the fork provided at the first end and supported on another section separated from said first end on a second strut or tripod by the pivot, the first main body remaining in a horizontal position and perpendicular to the two struts or the first strut and the tripod.
Según otra característica de la invención, en el segundo extremo del cuerpo principal, el opuesto al extremo de acoplamiento al puntal, el travesaño comprende una porción tubular hueca con extremos superior e inferior abiertos, dispuesta perpendicularmente a la dirección longitudinal del cuerpo principal y cuya oquedad está configurada para alojar el mástil de un guardacuerpos o de otro elemento accesorio de seguridad para los operarios que puedan encontrarse sobre la plataforma de trabajo que se apoya en el travesaño. De acuerdo con otra característica de la invención, la porción tubular está provista en dos lados opuestos de sendas lengüetas planas cada una de ellas con un respectivo orificio pasante para permitir el acoplamiento del extremo de un aplomador. Según otra característica de la invención, la distancia entre el pivote y el segundo extremo del cuerpo principal es menor que la distancia entre el pivote y el primer extremo de acoplamiento al puntal. According to another feature of the invention, at the second end of the main body, the opposite of the coupling end to the strut, the crossbar comprises a hollow tubular portion with open upper and lower ends, arranged perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the main body and whose hollow It is configured to accommodate the mast of a bodyguard or other accessory safety element for operators who may be on the work platform that rests on the crossbar. In accordance with another feature of the invention, the tubular portion is provided on two opposite sides of each flat tongue each with a respective through hole to allow coupling of the end of an aplomador. According to another feature of the invention, the distance between the pivot and the second end of the main body is less than the distance between the pivot and the first coupling end to the strut.
Breve descripción de los dibujos En los dibujos adjuntos se ilustra, a título de ejemplo no limitativo, un modo de realización preferido del travesaño objeto de la invención. En dichos dibujos: la Fig. 1 es una vista en perspectiva del travesaño objeto de la invención; la Fig. 2 es una vista en alzado del travesaño de la Fig. 1 ; Brief description of the drawings The attached drawings illustrate, by way of non-limiting example, a preferred embodiment of the crossbar object of the invention. In said drawings: Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the crossbar object of the invention; Fig. 2 is an elevational view of the crossbar of Fig. 1;
la Fig. 3 es una vista superior del travesaño de la Fig. 1 ;  Fig. 3 is a top view of the crossbar of Fig. 1;
la Fig. 4 es una vista en perspectiva de dos travesaños como los de la Fig. 1 acoplados a un mismo primer puntal, estando ambos travesaños en una posición de montaje previa a la posición operativa de soporte;  Fig. 4 is a perspective view of two crossbars like those of Fig. 1 coupled to the same first strut, both crossbars being in a mounting position prior to the operating support position;
la Fig. 5 es una vista en perspectiva del conjunto mostrado en la Fig. 4 con la diferencia de que el travesaño de la derecha está en la posición operativa de soporte; y  Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the assembly shown in Fig. 4 with the difference that the right cross member is in the operative support position; Y
la Fig. 6 es una vista superior del detalle del acoplamiento entre el primer puntal y los travesaños de la Fig. 4, con la diferencia de que los dos travesaños están en la posición operativa de soporte.  Fig. 6 is a top view of the detail of the coupling between the first strut and the crossbars of Fig. 4, with the difference that the two crossbars are in the operative support position.
Descripción detallada de los dibujos Detailed description of the drawings
En la Fig. 1 se muestra un travesaño 10 de soporte de una plataforma de trabajo (no representada en los dibujos) como las que se encuentran en andamios o en estructuras para acceder a los elementos estructurales de una obra y sobre las que los operarios de obra se sitúan para realizar las tareas de colocación de hierros en el armado de vigas y forjados, encofrado y desencofrado, etc. Estas plataformas habitualmente están formadas básicamente por tableros de madera o plafones metálicos. El travesaño 10 comprende un cuerpo principal 1 oblongo, formado por un perfil tubular metálico de sección transversal rectangular. La cara superior del travesaño 10 representado presenta tramos troquelados que dejan al descubierto el material de relleno 7 que ocupa el interior del perfil tubular. El material de relleno 7 es preferiblemente madera, lo que permite clavar fácilmente los tableros de la plataforma de trabajo al travesaño 10 y así asegurar la estabilidad del conjunto en beneficio de los operarios de la obra.  In Fig. 1 a support cross member 10 of a work platform (not shown in the drawings) is shown, such as those found on scaffolding or in structures to access the structural elements of a work and on which the operators of works are placed to perform the tasks of placing irons in the assembly of beams and floors, formwork and formwork, etc. These platforms are usually basically made of wooden boards or metal panels. The cross member 10 comprises an oblong main body 1, formed by a metallic tubular profile of rectangular cross-section. The upper face of the cross member 10 shown has die-cut sections that reveal the filling material 7 that occupies the interior of the tubular profile. The filling material 7 is preferably wood, which makes it possible to easily nail the work platform boards to the crossbar 10 and thus ensure the stability of the assembly for the benefit of the workers of the work.
Además del cuerpo principal 1 , el travesaño 10 también comprende una horquilla 3 y una porción tubular 9 hueca con extremos abiertos, situadas respectivamente en un primer extremo 1 1 y en un segundo extremo 12 del cuerpo principal 1 . In addition to the main body 1, the cross member 10 also comprises a fork 3 and a hollow tubular portion 9 with open ends, located respectively at a first end 1 1 and a second end 12 of the main body 1.
La horquilla 3 comprende dos brazos paralelos que se extienden por debajo y más allá del primer extremo 1 1 del cuerpo principal 1 en dirección oblicua al mismo. En detalle, se observa que la horquilla está formada por una porción de perfil 30 en forma de U constituida por una base y dos extensiones perpendiculares a la misma, en la que la base está unida al primer extremo 1 1 del cuerpo principal 1 formando una superficie perpendicular a la dirección longitudinal de dicho cuerpo principal 1 . Igualmente se aprecia en las Figs. 1 y 2 que cada extensión de dicha porción de perfil 30 en forma de U está unida sin solución de continuidad a una respectiva porción plana 4 extrema dotada de un correspondiente orificio pasante 2. Así, sendas porciones planas 4 constituyen la parte extrema de los brazos paralelos de la horquilla 3. The fork 3 comprises two parallel arms extending below and beyond the first end 1 1 of the main body 1 obliquely thereto. In detail, it is noted that the fork is formed by a portion of a U-shaped profile 30 constituted by a base and two extensions perpendicular thereto, in which the base is attached to the first end 1 1 of the main body 1 forming a surface perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of said main body 1. It can also be seen in Figs. 1 and 2 that each extension of said U-shaped profile portion 30 is connected without continuity solution to a respective flat end portion 4 provided with a corresponding through hole 2. Thus, both flat portions 4 constitute the end part of the arms parallel of the fork 3.
La horquilla 3 permite el acoplamiento del travesaño 10 a un primer puntal 13 que puede formar parte de un sistema de encofrado para el apoyo de los paneles o tableros de encofrado de vigas o forjados. La horquilla 3 está destinada a acoplarse articuladamente a la caña superior del puntal 13, y en concreto a un par de los orificios pasantes enfrentados de los que está provista dicha caña para la regulación de la altura del puntal 13. En las Figs. 4 a 6 se ha representado el acoplamiento de dos travesaños 10 y 10' a la caña superior de un mismo puntal 13 mediante sus respectivas horquillas 3 y 3'. Para el montaje del travesaño 10 en un puntal 13 como el mencionado, se deben colocar las porciones planas 4 con sus correspondientes orificios pasantes 2 alineados o solapados con un par de orificios pasantes enfrentados de la caña superior del puntal 13 y acto seguido introducir un pasador 5 de seguridad a través de los orificios pasantes superpuestos. En esta posición de montaje, el travesaño 10 es basculable con respecto del puntal 13, pudiendo girar alrededor de un eje imaginario formado por la alineación de los orificios pasantes 2, y por lo tanto alrededor del eje axial del pasador 5 de seguridad que los atraviesa. La capacidad de basculación del travesaño 10, 10' respecto del puntal 13 al que está acoplado se pone de manifiesto en las Figs. 4 y 5. En cada travesaño 10, 10' representado en los dibujos, el pasador 5 forma parte del travesaño 10, 10' como uno de sus componentes, y particularmente se encuentra unido mediante un cable a la horquilla 3, para evitar su pérdida. The fork 3 allows the coupling of the cross member 10 to a first strut 13 which can be part of a formwork system for the support of the beams or slab formwork panels or boards. The fork 3 is intended to be articulated to the upper shaft of the strut 13, and in particular to a pair of the facing through holes of which said rod is provided for the regulation of the height of the strut 13. In Figs. 4 to 6, the coupling of two crossbars 10 and 10 'to the upper shaft of the same strut 13 by their respective forks 3 and 3' has been shown. For mounting the crossbar 10 on a strut 13 as mentioned, the flat portions 4 with their corresponding through holes 2 aligned or overlapped with a pair of facing holes facing the upper shaft of the strut 13 must be placed and then introduce a pin 5 safety through overlapping through holes. In this mounting position, the cross member 10 is tiltable with respect to the strut 13, being able to rotate around an imaginary axis formed by the alignment of the through holes 2, and therefore around the axial axis of the safety pin 5 that crosses them . The tilting capacity of the crossbar 10, 10 'with respect to the strut 13 to which it is coupled is shown in Figs. 4 and 5. In each cross member 10, 10 'shown in the drawings, the pin 5 forms part of the cross member 10, 10' as one of its components, and is particularly connected by means of a cable to the fork 3, to prevent its loss.
En la Fig. 6 se aprecia que la distancia de separación interior entre las dos porciones planas 4 de un travesaño 10 es igual o ligeramente superior al diámetro de un puntal 13 más el espesor de una de dichas porciones planas 4, de modo que un mismo puntal 13 puede recibir en un mismo par de sus orificios enfrentados el acoplamiento de dos travesaños 10, 10' dispuestos simétricamente con respecto del puntal 13. Para ello, es necesario colocar los dos travesaños 10 y 10' con sus respectivos orificios pasantes 2 alineados o solapados con los orificios pasantes enfrentados del puntal 13 y atravesarlos con el pasador 5 de seguridad de uno de los dos travesaños 10, 10'. Cabe mencionar que en las Figs. 4 y 5 el pasador 5 que atraviesa dichos orificios pasantes 2, 2' no se ha representado para mostrar precisamente el solapamiento de los orificios pasantes 2, 2' de las porciones planas 4, 4' de los travesaños 10, 10' y de los orificios pasantes enfrentados del puntal 13. In Fig. 6 it can be seen that the internal separation distance between the two flat portions 4 of a crossbar 10 is equal to or slightly greater than the diameter of a strut 13 plus the thickness of one of said flat portions 4, so that the same strut 13 can receive in the same pair of its facing holes the coupling of two crossbars 10, 10 'arranged symmetrically with respect to the strut 13. To do this, it is necessary to place the two crossbars 10 and 10' with their respective through holes 2 aligned or overlap with the through holes facing the strut 13 and cross them with the safety pin 5 of one of the two crossbars 10, 10 '. It is worth mentioning that in Figs. 4 and 5 the pin 5 that passes through said through holes 2, 2 'has not been shown to show precisely the overlap of the through holes 2, 2' of the flat portions 4, 4 'of the crossbars 10, 10' and of the through holes facing strut 13.
Para que el travesaño 10 pueda utilizarse para dar soporte a una plataforma de trabajo, se ha de proceder a colocarlo en su posición operativa de soporte, en la que el cuerpo principal 1 permanece en posición horizontal, con su eje longitudinal perpendicular al eje axial del puntal 13 al cual está acoplado por la horquilla 3 provista en el primer extremo 1 1 del cuerpo principal 1 . En la Fig. 5 es el travesaño 10 el que está en la posición operativa de soporte, a diferencia del travesaño 10' que todavía permanece en la posición de montaje. Los pasos a seguir para llegar a la posición operativa se explican a continuación. En primer lugar se parte de la posición de montaje anteriormente descrita, en la que el travesaño 10 (al igual que el travesaño 10') se ha acoplado al puntal 13 del modo anteriormente descrito y por efecto de su propio peso, se encuentra abatido sobre un tramo del puntal 13. El montador u operario de la plataforma tendrá que hacer girar el travesaño 10 con respecto del puntal 13, por ejemplo subiéndolo con la mano empujando hacia arriba el segundo extremo 12 del cuerpo principal 1 . In order for the cross member 10 to be used to support a work platform, it must be placed in its operative support position, in which the main body 1 remains in a horizontal position, with its longitudinal axis perpendicular to the axial axis of the strut 13 to which it is coupled by the fork 3 provided at the first end 1 1 of the main body 1. In Fig. 5 it is the crossbar 10 which is in the operative support position, unlike the crossbar 10 'which still remains in the mounting position. The steps to follow to reach the operational position are explained below. First, it starts from the mounting position described above, in which the crossbar 10 (as well as the crossbar 10 ') has been coupled to the strut 13 in the manner described above and due to its own weight, is folded over a section of the strut 13. The rigger or operator of the platform will have to rotate the crossbar 10 with respect to the strut 13, for example raising it with the hand pushing up the second end 12 of the main body 1.
Como se observa en las Figs. 1 , 2, 4 y 5, el travesaño 10 comprende un pivote 8 que sobresale perpendicularmente de la cara inferior del cuerpo principal 1 y que está situado en las proximidades del segundo extremo 12. Este pivote 8 está configurado para que el montador u operario pueda introducirlo por la abertura superior de la caña superior de otro puntal 14 o de un trípode (representado en la Fig. 5) y que así el travesaño 10 quede apoyado sobre dicho puntal 14, separado del primer puntal 13 manteniendo el cuerpo principal 1 en una posición horizontal. Para que el cuerpo principal 1 permanezca en dicha posición horizontal, es decir, en la posición operativa, el montador tendrá que regular convenientemente la altura del segundo puntal 14 o del trípode. Una vez realizada la regulación de dicha altura, el montador ya podrá colocar la plataforma de trabajo sobre el cuerpo principal 1 del travesaño 10 y clavar el tablero de la plataforma a la madera que queda al descubierto por los tramos troquelados del perfil del cuerpo principal 1 . As seen in Figs. 1, 2, 4 and 5, the cross member 10 comprises a pivot 8 that protrudes perpendicularly from the lower face of the main body 1 and is located in the vicinity of the second end 12. This pivot 8 is configured so that the assembler or operator can insert it through the upper opening of the upper shaft of another strut 14 or of a tripod (shown in Fig. 5) and so that the crossbar 10 is supported on said strut 14, separated from the first strut 13 keeping the main body 1 in a horizontal position. In order for the main body 1 to remain in said horizontal position, that is, in the operative position, the assembler will have to conveniently adjust the height of the second strut 14 or the tripod. Once the height adjustment has been made, the assembler will be able to place the work platform on the main body 1 of the crossbar 10 and nail the platform board to the wood that is exposed by the punched sections of the profile of the main body 1 .
También puede ser que la plataforma de trabajo sea de otra tipología, sin tablero de madera y que en su lugar, sea completamente metálica, como las pasarelas de algunos andamios. Este tipo de plataformas metálicas, por lo general de base rectangular, suelen estar provistas en sus cantos transversales de una pluralidad de pestañas metálicas planas horizontales con terminaciones dobladas hacia abajo para su fijación a los travesaños. En dicho caso, las pestañas de uno de los cantos transversales de la plataforma se apoyarán sobre la cara superior del cuerpo principal 1 del travesaño 10 y sus terminaciones dobladas quedarán al otro lado del cuerpo principal 1 para que si se produce un movimiento horizontal de la plataforma en la dirección perpendicular al travesaño 10 (en la dirección longitudinal de la plataforma), las terminaciones dobladas topen contra la cara lateral de la plataforma. El otro canto transversal de la plataforma quedará soportado por otro travesaño 10 dispuesto en posición operativa y acoplado a otros correspondientes primer puntal 13 y segundo puntal 14 o trípode. A modo de protección, el cuerpo principal 1 del travesaño 10 comprende en la zona extrema próxima al primer extremo 1 1 unos separadores 15 configurados por dos tiras metálicas compuestas cada una por un primer tramo plano, enrasado con la cara superior del cuerpo principal 1 y un extremo doblado hacia abajo, siendo dicho extremo el opuesto a la horquilla 3. Los separadores 15 establecen un límite de colocación para las pestañas metálicas de la plataforma, para establecer una separación de seguridad entre la plataforma y el puntal 13 al que está acoplado por la horquilla 3 y evitar así que al colocar la plataforma pueda golpearse el puntal 13. It may also be that the work platform is of another type, without a wooden board and instead is completely metallic, like the gateways of some scaffolding. This type of metal platforms, usually of rectangular base, are usually provided in their transverse edges with a plurality of horizontal flat metal tabs with bent down endings for fixing to the crossbars. In this case, the tabs of one of the transverse edges of the platform will rest on the upper face of the main body 1 of the crossbar 10 and its folded ends will be on the other side of the main body 1 so that if there is a horizontal movement of the platform in the direction perpendicular to the crossbar 10 (in the longitudinal direction of the platform), the folded ends run against the side face of the platform. The other transverse edge of the platform will be supported by another crossbar 10 disposed in operative position and coupled to other corresponding first strut 13 and second strut 14 or tripod. By way of protection, the main body 1 of the cross member 10 comprises, in the end zone near the first end 1 1, separators 15 formed by two metal strips each consisting of a first flat section, flush with the upper face of the main body 1 and one end bent down, said end being the opposite of the fork 3. The spacers 15 establish a placement limit for the metal flanges of the platform, to establish a safety separation between the platform and the strut 13 to which it is coupled by the fork 3 and thus avoid that when placing the platform the strut 13 can be hit.
Cabe mencionar que cuando el operario esté situado sobre la plataforma de trabajo, la carga debida a su peso y al peso de la plataforma queda repartida entre los primeros puntales 13 y los segundos puntales 14 o trípodes, llevándose estos últimos una mayor parte, por lo que no supone ningún perjuicio para los primeros puntales 13 que están calculados para las cargas del encofrado que soportan. It should be mentioned that when the operator is located on the work platform, the load due to its weight and the weight of the platform is distributed between the first struts 13 and the second struts 14 or tripods, the latter taking a greater part, so which does not imply any damage to the first struts 13 that are calculated for the formwork loads they support.
Una vez los travesaños 10 están en posición operativa, se pueden montar sobre él mismo elementos accesorios para la seguridad de los operarios, como por ejemplo un guardacuerpos que impida la caída del operario por el canto longitudinal de la plataforma más próximo a los segundos puntales 14 o trípodes. Para ello, cada travesaño 10 comprende, en el segundo extremo 12 del cuerpo principal 1 , una porción tubular 9 hueca con extremos superior e inferior abiertos. Esta porción tubular 9 está dispuesta verticalmente, es decir, perpendicularmente a la dirección longitudinal el cuerpo principal 1 . La oquedad de la porción tubular 9 está configurada para alojar el mástil de un guardacuerpos o de otro elemento accesorio de seguridad para los operarios que puedan encontrarse sobre la plataforma de trabajo que se apoya en el travesaño 10. Once the crossbars 10 are in operative position, accessory elements can be mounted on it for the safety of the operators, such as a bodyguard that prevents the operator from falling by the longitudinal edge of the platform closest to the second struts 14 or tripods For this, each cross member 10 comprises, at the second end 12 of the main body 1, a hollow tubular portion 9 with open upper and lower ends. This tubular portion 9 is arranged vertically, that is, perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the main body 1. The hollow of the tubular portion 9 is configured to accommodate the mast of a bodyguard or other accessory safety element for operators who may be on the work platform that is supported by the crossbar 10.
Además, como se aprecia en las Figs. 1 y 2, la porción tubular 9 está provista en sendas caras opuestas de dos lengüetas planas 90 provistas de sendos orificios pasantes 91 para permitir el acoplamiento del extremo de un aplomador (no representado), que colabore, si se estima oportuno, en la repartición de cargas y contribuya a la permanencia de la horizontalidad del cuerpo principal 1 en la posición operativa de soporte. In addition, as seen in Figs. 1 and 2, the tubular portion 9 is provided on opposite sides of two flat tongues 90 provided with two through holes 91 to allow the coupling of the end of a plumber (not shown), to collaborate, if deemed appropriate, in the load distribution and contribute to the permanence of the horizontality of the main body 1 in the operative support position.
Teniendo en cuenta que el perfil del que está hecho el cuerpo principal 1 es metálico y que las operaciones para acoplar el travesaño 10 al primer puntal 13 podrían ocasionar rozaduras o golpes en dicho primer puntal, se ha previsto dotar al travesaño 10 de un tope 6 de protección en el primer extremo 1 1 del cuerpo principal. Preferiblemente dicho tope 6 de protección es de madera o de un material blando, como algunos plásticos, que por sus características intrínsecas no tenga capacidad de rayar el metal del que están hechos los puntales 13. Como ventaja para la fabricación del propio travesaño 10, se ha previsto que el material de relleno 7 (preferiblemente madera) que ocupa el interior del perfil metálico del cuerpo principal 1 sobresalga por el primer extremo 1 1 del perfil del cuerpo principal 1 , para que dicha extensión del elemento de relleno 7 constituya por sí misma el tope 6 de protección. A modo de orientación, un espesor del tope 6 aproximadamente de 3 mm es suficiente para la protección del puntal 13. El tope 6 de protección se muestra en la Fig. 6 en contacto con la superficie exterior de la caña superior del puntal 13. Gracias a sus características, el travesaño 10 anteriormente descrito permite situar una serie de plataformas de trabajo muy cerca de los elementos sobre los que los operarios han de realizar sus tareas, facilitándoles el trabajo y aumentando su seguridad. El hecho de que los travesaños 10 puedan acoplarse a los puntales 13 cuya colocación ya está prevista como parte de un sistema completo de encofrado es una gran ventaja pues no se necesita disponer aparatosos andamios sólo para poder situar las plataformas. Otra ventaja es que la horquilla 3 del travesaño 10 permite su acoplamiento a distintas alturas, ya que se hace uso de la pluralidad de orificios enfrentados pasantes dispuestos a lo largo de la caña superior de los puntales 13, de modo que los operarios pueden llevar a cabo un trabajo más preciso al tener acceso a prácticamente cualquier altura. El acoplamiento del travesaño 10 al puntal 13 es sencillo y rápido de realizar por lo que montar las plataformas no requiere especialización y una misma plataforma puede ser montada en distintas partes de los diferentes puntales 13 que soportan el encofrado de un elemento estructural, según el lugar preciso donde el operario necesite realizar las tareas en cada momento. Taking into account that the profile of which the main body 1 is made is metallic and that the operations for attaching the crossbar 10 to the first strut 13 could cause chafing or bumps on said first strut, it is planned to provide the crossbar 10 with a stop 6 of protection at the first end 1 1 of the main body. Preferably said protection stop 6 is made of wood or a soft material, such as some plastics, which due to its intrinsic characteristics does not have the ability to scratch the metal from which the struts 13 are made. As an advantage for the manufacture of the crossbar 10 itself, has provided that the filling material 7 (preferably wood) occupying the interior of the metal profile of the main body 1 protrudes through the first end 1 1 of the profile of the main body 1, so that said extension of the filling element 7 constitutes itself the 6 protection stop. By way of orientation, a thickness of the stop 6 approximately 3 mm is sufficient for the protection of the strut 13. The protection stop 6 is shown in Fig. 6 in contact with the outer surface of the upper rod of the strut 13. Thanks to its characteristics, the crossbar 10 described above allows a series of work platforms to be located very close to the elements on which the operators have to perform their tasks, facilitating their work and increasing their safety. The fact that the crossbars 10 can be coupled to the struts 13 whose placement is already provided as part of a complete formwork system is a great advantage since it is not necessary to have bulky scaffolds just to be able to position the platforms. Another advantage is that the fork 3 of the cross member 10 allows its coupling at different heights, since use is made of the plurality of facing facing holes arranged along the upper shaft of the struts 13, so that the operators can carry Perform more precise work by having access to virtually any height. The coupling of the crossbar 10 to the strut 13 is simple and quick to perform, so mounting the platforms does not require specialization and the same platform can be mounted on different parts of the different struts 13 that support the formwork of a structural element, depending on the place precise where the operator needs to perform the tasks at all times.
Además, destaca el hecho del gran espacio accesible que queda por debajo de las plataformas de trabajo soportadas por los travesaños 10, pues no hay ningún elemento que impida el paso entre el primer puntal 13 y el segundo puntal 14 o trípode, lo contrario a lo que sucede en andamios o cimbras para el soporte de plataformas, en los que las propias barras del andamio impiden el paso del personal de obra y traslado de material, teniendo que rodear los andamios para pasar de un lugar a otro. In addition, it highlights the fact of the large accessible space that is below the work platforms supported by the crossbars 10, since there is no element that prevents the passage between the first strut 13 and the second strut 14 or tripod, contrary to what happens in scaffolding or formwork for the support of platforms, in which the scaffolding bars themselves prevent the passage of work personnel and material transfer, having to surround the scaffolding to move from one place to another.

Claims

R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S
1 .- Travesaño (10) de soporte de una plataforma de trabajo como las que se encuentran en andamios o en estructuras para acceder a los elementos estructurales en una obra, que comprende un cuerpo principal (1 ) oblongo acoplable al menos por uno de sus extremos (1 1 , 12) a un puntal (13) y que en una posición operativa de soporte está dispuesto en dirección perpendicular a dicho puntal, caracterizado porque en el extremo (1 1 ) de acoplamiento al puntal el travesaño comprende una horquilla (3) con dos brazos paralelos que se extienden por debajo y más allá del extremo del cuerpo principal en dirección oblicua al mismo, comprendiendo dichos brazos respectivas porciones planas (4, 4) extremas atravesadas por sendos orificios pasantes (2, 2) en correspondencia con los orificios pasantes enfrentados de los que está provisto un puntal para su regulación en altura, siendo la distancia de separación interior entre las dos porciones planas (4,4) igual o superior al diámetro de un puntal (13) más el espesor de una de dichas porciones planas de modo que un mismo puntal puede recibir en un mismo par de sus orificios enfrentados el acoplamiento de dos travesaños dispuestos simétricamente con respecto del puntal. 1 .- Crossbar (10) supporting a work platform such as those found on scaffolding or in structures to access the structural elements in a work, which comprises an oblong main body (1) attachable by at least one of its ends (1 1, 12) to a strut (13) and which in an operative support position is arranged perpendicular to said strut, characterized in that at the end (1 1) of coupling to the strut the cross member comprises a fork (3 ) with two parallel arms extending below and beyond the end of the main body in an oblique direction thereof, said respective arms comprising extreme flat portions (4, 4) crossed by two through holes (2, 2) in correspondence with the facing through holes of which a strut for height adjustment is provided, the distance of internal separation between the two flat portions (4.4) being equal to or greater than the diameter of a strut (13) plus the thickness of one of said flat portions so that the same strut can receive in the same pair of its facing holes the coupling of two crossbars arranged symmetrically with respect to the strut.
2.- Travesaño (10) según la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado porque los orificios pasantes (2, 2) de las porciones planas (4, 4) están alineados según un eje de giro imaginario alrededor del cual el travesaño es susceptible de bascular con respecto de un puntal (13) cuando el travesaño está en una posición de montaje, previa a la posición operativa de soporte, en la que un tramo del puntal está situado entre las dos porciones planas con sus orificios enfrentados en superposición con los orificios pasantes de las porciones planas. 2. Cross member (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the through holes (2, 2) of the flat portions (4, 4) are aligned along an imaginary axis of rotation around which the cross member is capable of tilting with respect to of a strut (13) when the crossbar is in a mounting position, prior to the operating support position, in which a section of the strut is located between the two flat portions with their holes facing in superposition with the through holes of the flat portions.
3.- Travesaño (10) según la reivindicación 1 ó 2, caracterizado porque comprende un pasador (5) de acoplamiento al puntal configurado para atravesar las porciones planas de la horquilla (3) por sus orificios pasantes (2, 2) provistos en las mismas, siendo el travesaño susceptible de bascular con respecto de un puntal (13) en una posición de montaje, previa a la posición operativa de soporte, en la que un tramo de un puntal está dispuesto entre las dos porciones planas con los orificios pasantes de las porciones planas superpuestos con un par de los orificios enfrentados del puntal y estando introducido el pasador atravesando las porciones planas y el puntal dispuesto entre las mismas. 3. Cross member (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises a pin (5) for coupling to the strut configured to pass through the flat portions of the fork (3) through its through holes (2, 2) provided in the same, the crossbar being capable of tilting with respect to a strut (13) in a mounting position, prior to the operating support position, in which a section of a strut is disposed between the two flat portions with the through holes of flat portions overlaid with a pair of the facing holes of the strut and the pin being inserted through the flat portions and the strut arranged between them.
4.- Travesaño (10) según la reivindicación 2 ó 3, caracterizado porque en el extremo (1 1 ) del cuerpo principal (1 ) oblongo por el que el travesaño es acoplable a un puntal (13) mediante la horquilla (3) está provisto un tope (6) de protección para evitar rozaduras por contacto directo del cuerpo principal con el puntal. 4. Cross member (10) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that at the end (1 1) of the oblong main body (1) through which the cross member is attachable to a strut (13) by means of the fork (3) is provided with a protection stop (6) to avoid chafing by direct contact of the main body with the strut.
5.- Travesaño (10) según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque el cuerpo principal (1 ) oblongo está formado por un perfil que comprende en su interior un elemento de relleno (7) que queda al menos parcialmente al descubierto por la cara superior del cuerpo principal. 5. - Crossbar (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the oblong main body (1) is formed by a profile comprising in its interior a filling element (7) that is at least partially exposed by the upper face of the main body.
6.- Travesaño (10) según las reivindicaciones anteriores 4 y 5, caracterizado porque el tope (6) de protección está formado por una extensión del elemento de relleno (7) interior más allá del extremo del perfil que constituye el cuerpo principal (1 ) oblongo. 6. Crossbar (10) according to previous claims 4 and 5, characterized in that the protection stop (6) is formed by an extension of the inner filling element (7) beyond the end of the profile constituting the main body (1 ) oblong.
7.- Travesaño (10) según la reivindicación 5 ó 6, caracterizado porque el material de relleno (7) es madera o cualquier material susceptible de ser clavado al tablero de una plataforma de trabajo soportada por el travesaño. 7. Crossbar (10) according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the filling material (7) is wood or any material capable of being nailed to the board of a work platform supported by the crossbar.
8. - Travesaño (10) según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque la horquilla (3) comprende una porción de perfil8. - Cross member (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fork (3) comprises a profile portion
(30) en forma de U constituida por una base y dos extensiones o brazos perpendiculares a la misma, en la que la base está unida al primer extremo (1 1 ) del cuerpo principal (1 ) oblongo formando una superficie perpendicular a la dirección longitudinal del cuerpo principal (1 ) y cada extensión está unida sin solución de continuidad a una respectiva porción plana (4, 4) extrema de modo que la distancia de separación interior entre las extensiones es la misma distancia de separación interior existente entre las dos porciones planas. (30) U-shaped constituted by a base and two extensions or arms perpendicular to it, in which the base is attached to the first end (1 1) of the oblong main body (1) forming a surface perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the main body (1) and each extension is connected without continuity solution to a respective flat end portion (4, 4) so that the internal separation distance between the extensions is the same internal separation distance between the two flat portions .
9. - Travesaño (10) según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque comprende un pivote (8) que sobresale interiormente y en dirección perpendicular a la cara inferior del cuerpo principal9. - Crossbar (10) according to any one of the claims anterior, characterized in that it comprises a pivot (8) protruding internally and in a direction perpendicular to the lower face of the main body
(I ) del travesaño, estando situado el pivote a cierta distancia del primer extremo(I) of the crossbar, the pivot being located at a certain distance from the first end
(I I ) del cuerpo principal y configurado para ser introducido en el extremo superior de otro puntal (14) o de un trípode en la posición operativa de soporte, de modo que el travesaño quede acoplado articuladamente a un primer puntal (13) mediante la horquilla (3) provista en el primer extremo (1 1 ) y apoyado en otro tramo separado de dicho primer extremo en un segundo puntal (14) o trípode mediante el pivote, permaneciendo el primer cuerpo principal en una posición horizontal y perpendicular a los dos puntales o al primer puntal y al trípode. (II) of the main body and configured to be inserted in the upper end of another strut (14) or of a tripod in the operative support position, so that the crossbar is articulated to a first strut (13) articulated by the fork (3) provided on the first end (1 1) and supported on another section separated from said first end on a second strut (14) or tripod by the pivot, the first main body remaining in a horizontal position and perpendicular to the two struts or the first prop and the tripod.
10. - Travesaño (10) según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque en el segundo extremo (12) del cuerpo principal (1 ), el opuesto al extremo (1 1 ) de acoplamiento al puntal (13), el travesaño comprende una porción tubular (9) hueca con extremos superior e inferior abiertos, dispuesta perpendicularmente a la dirección longitudinal del cuerpo principal (1 ) y cuya oquedad está configurada para alojar el mástil de un guardacuerpos o de otro elemento accesorio de seguridad para los operarios que puedan encontrarse sobre la plataforma de trabajo que se apoya en el travesaño. 10. - Crossbar (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at the second end (12) of the main body (1), the opposite to the end (1 1) of coupling to the strut (13), the cross member comprises a hollow tubular portion (9) with open upper and lower ends, arranged perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the main body (1) and whose cavity is configured to accommodate the mast of a bodyguard or other safety accessory for operators who can Find yourself on the work platform that rests on the crossbar.
1 1 . - Travesaño (10) según la reivindicación 10, caracterizado porque la porción tubular (9) está provista en dos lados opuestos de sendas lengüetas planas (90) con respectivos orificios pasantes (91 ) para permitir el acoplamiento del extremo de un aplomador. eleven . - Crossbar (10) according to claim 10, characterized in that the tubular portion (9) is provided on two opposite sides of flat tongues (90) with respective through holes (91) to allow coupling of the end of an aplomador.
12. - Travesaño (10) según la reivindicación 9 y una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 10 ó 1 1 , caracterizado porque la distancia entre el pivote (8) y el segundo extremo (12) del cuerpo principal (1 ) es menor que la distancia entre el pivote (8) y el primer extremo (1 1 ) de acoplamiento al puntal. 12. - Crossbar (10) according to claim 9 and any one of claims 10 or 1, characterized in that the distance between the pivot (8) and the second end (12) of the main body (1) is less than the distance between the pivot (8) and the first end (1 1) of coupling to the strut.
13. - Travesaño (10) según una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque el cuerpo principal (1 ) oblongo está formado por perfil tubular metálico cuya cara superior presenta tramos troquelados qu an al descubierto el material de relleno (7). 13. - Crossbar (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the oblong main body (1) is formed by metallic tubular profile whose upper face has die-cut sections that reveal the filling material (7).
PCT/ES2014/070649 2013-08-27 2014-08-08 Support crossbeam for a work platform WO2015028691A1 (en)

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ES2530315R1 (en) 2015-04-09
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CL2016000417A1 (en) 2016-10-21
ES2530315B1 (en) 2016-01-13
ES2530315A2 (en) 2015-02-27

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